2024年中考英语课件：话题二十三 历史与社会(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
2024年中考英语课件
第一部分 话题培优
话题二十三 历史与社会
重难点突破
表达能力提升
核心素养培优
历史与社会（History and society）属于《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》话题项目表中第二十三个话题，二级子话题分别为中国历史与世界历史（History of China and the world）、著名人物（Famous people）。该话题较为突出地体现了人文性，想要自如地表述有关历史与社会方面的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。
重难点突破
01
1. belong to 的用法
【观察】 It must belong to Carla.
【探究】belong to意为“属于”，其后跟名词或代词作宾语，没有被动语态。belong to sb.通常可以和“be+名词性物主代词/名词所有格（一般是’s所有格）”互相转换。如：
It belongs to Mary.= It is Mary’s.
【运用】单项选择。
（1）The French book must ___. She’s the only one that is studying
French.
B
A.belong to Lily’s B.belong to Lily
C.belongs to Lily’s D.belongs to Lily
同义句转换。
（2）That black bag belongs to Gina.
___________________________
That black bag is Gina’s.
2. 情态动词表推测
【观察】① The hairband must belong to Linda.
② Mr. Smith can’t be teaching in this school.
③ The boy may be 13 years old.
【探究】（1）must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定会；肯定会”，只用于肯定句中。
（2）can表推测时通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could比can更委婉，更不确定。can’t和couldn’t均表示“不可能”。
（3）may和might表示推测时，might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。may not和might not均表示“可能不”。
【运用】单项选择。
（1）（2021·怀化中考）—Is the man Mr. Yang
—It ___ be him. He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.
C
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t
（2）（2021·菏泽中考）—I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses.
—They ___ be his. He doesn’t wear glasses.
C
A.could B.must C.can’t
（3）—What do you think “upset” means
—I’m not sure. It ___ mean“sad”.
B
A.must B.may C.can D.should
（4）（2021·湘潭中考）Richard ___ be at home because he phoned
me from the office just now.
C
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t
（5）—___I finish my homework now
—No, you___. Your work is over today.
B
A.Can’t; must B.Must; don’t have to
C.May; couldn’t D.Couldn’t; could
（6）He isn’t at school. I think he ___ be ill.
D
A.can B.shall C.must D.might
3. 辨析 pleasant，pleased，pleasing 与 pleasure
【观察】① The school trip is tiring but pleasant.
② She was very pleased with her exam results.
③ The new building was pleasing to the eye.
④ It is a pleasure for me to work with you.
【探究】（1）pleasant意为“令人愉快的；吸引人的”，侧重由于外界作用而产生在主观上的感觉，在句中可作表语或定语。
（2）pleased的主语通常是人，表示“感到高兴或满意的”，在句中常作表语。
（3）pleasing通常用来修饰物，意为“令人高兴的；令人满意的”，侧重于客观上起的作用。
（4）pleasure作名词，意为“快乐；愉快；欣慰；荣幸；乐事”。
【运用】用 pleasant，pleased，pleasing 或 pleasure填空。
（1）Her teacher is quite________ that she has got such a good chance.
pleased
（2）We spent a ________ day in the country.
pleasant
（3）The food is ________ to my taste.
pleasing
（4）Watching sports games gave him great ________.
pleasure
表达能力提升
02
Ⅰ.补全对话
根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话
恢复完整。
A: Hi, Lily. Will you go to the concert in our school tomorrow
B: Sorry, I am flying to China tomorrow.
A: Oh, good news.1. ___________________________.
B: Yes, I am excited but a little nervous.
You must be excited about it
A:2. ____________________？
B: Because I don’t know many of the customs and manners in
China. Could you give me some advice
A:3.__________.
B: What should I do when I am invited to a Chinese friend’s home
Why are you nervous
Of course
A:4.________________________. So you should be on time.
B: I know. 5.______________________________？
A: Yes. But if you can’t use them, you can use spoons instead.
B: Thanks for your advice.
A: You’re welcome.
It’s impolite to arrive late
Am I supposed to use chopsticks
Ⅱ.书面表达
（2022·江西中考改编）学校决定开展向航天女英雄王亚平学习的英文演讲活动，请你按下面表格要求写一篇演讲稿。
写作要点 具体内容
Personal information Age: 43
Birthplace: a small village in Shandong
Province
Hobby: sports
Personality persistence
Your plans ①___
②___

要求：1.短文应包括表格中所有的写作要点，条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
2.短文中不能出现你的真实姓名和校名；
3.词数：不少于70。（短文开头及结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。）
Hello, everyone! It’s my honor to introduce an astronaut hero—Wang Yaping. Wang is a 43-year-old woman born in a small village in Shandong Province.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Doing sports is her hobby and she exercises every day.
As we all know, she is proud of China and loves our motherland very much. To achieve her astronaut dream, she always overcomes the difficulties in training and never gives up. She deserves our highest respect for her persistence in hard training.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Wang is an example to us all. In the future, I will work hard for our country like her. I will run every day to have a strong body. Also, I am going to make a weekly plan and study hard to improve myself. What’s more, no matter how hard it is, I’ll stick to my dream.
核心素养培优
03
Ⅰ.完形填空
阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Karl Marx was born in Germany on May 5th, 1818. When he . .1. . a child, he was forced to leave his country again and again. He lived in Belgium, England and some other countries.
His mother tongue was German and at school he . .2. . French and English, but he felt his English was poor. So he . .3. . up his mind to
improve his English. He began to work hard . .4. . it. He made so much progress . .5. .he could soon read English newspapers and write English articles.
However, there were two things that he thought were too difficult for him—the grammar and some of the idioms （习语）. He often encouraged himself by saying “. .6. . I keep on trying, I’ll make even greater progress.” At the same time, his close friend, Engels, often wrote to praise him for his hard work in learning English.
In one of Marx’s books, he gave people who were learning a foreign language some advice on how to learn it well. He said a foreign language was necessary for a person to have a . .7. . future. He said a person should transfer every word he heard to the foreign language he was learning. If he could do this, it would be possible for him . .8. . the language freely.
In April, 1841, he . .9. . his doctor’s degree. After that, he began to write articles for a newspaper. He wrote about the housing problems of poor people and their hard life.. .10. . he tried, he did his best.
During the 1840s, Marx and Engels wrote a book together. These words of theirs became very famous: “Working men of all countries, unite（联合）! ”
1.( )A.was B.were C.is D.be
A
2.( )A.has learned B.was learning C.learns D.learned
D
3.( )A.has made B.makes C.made D.was making
C
4.( )A.on B.at C.in D.for
B
5.( )A.that B.what C.when D.how
A
6.( )A.But B.If C.And D.As
B
7.( )A.bad B.better C.well D.worse
B
8.( )A.using B.use C.to use D.used
C
9.( )A.receive B.receives C.has received D.received
D
10.( )A.Whoever B.Whenever C.Whatever D.However
C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
（2022·苏州中考）阅读下面短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的一个最佳答案。
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of
the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding（成立）of the People’s Republic of China,” Yang told Beijing Review. “I want to record, in the form of photographs, the local customs, the scenes and people’s brave spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were displayed in Yinchuan to show the development of the area over the past sixty years.
1.What does Yang expect most during the Spring Festival ( )
C
A.Wearing new clothes. B.Having a big dinner.
C.Taking a family photo. D.Visiting his relatives.
2.What does the underlined word “reunite” in Paragraph 2 mean ( )
D
A.Get separated. B.Get much wealthier.
C.Get improved. D.Get together again.
3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 ( )
D
A.When Yang was interviewed.
B.Where Yang learnt to take photos.
C.Why Yang had a painful childhood.
D.What Yang recorded with his camera.
4.What do we know about Yang’s family ( )
A
A.It is full of love. B.It is full of mysteries.
C.It is a rich family. D.It is having a hard time.
Ⅲ.短文填空
（2022·陕西中考）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
he, live, final, lucky, people, much,
success, achieve, meet, be
In October 2021, a local newspaper told a story of a common man,
Jia Shuangdeng. He 1.___ from Shaanxi Province. He not only works
hard but has helped many deaf people 2._____ a better life as well.
is
live
At the age of 14, something 3.________ happened to Jia and turned
him into a deaf person. Sad and heartbroken, he had to leave school and
learned by 4.________ at home for more than two years. Later, with
other 5.________ help, he cheered up and made a living by making
shoes. He 6._____ many difficulties but he faced them bravely and kept
on working hard. 7._______ his shoes became popular and sold well.
After a few years, he started his own factory and it was 8.__________.
However, he didn’t forget those who had helped him. So he decided to
unlucky
himself
people’s
met
Finally
successful
help the people in need. These years, he has offered many deaf people
chances to work.
What he did has benefited （有益于） lots of deaf people. “The
person I want to thank 9.______ in my life is Mr. Jia. Thanks to him,
I’ve got a good job and have a happy life now. He always tells us
although we are disabled, we can also 10.________ our dreams by
working hard,” said Xie Ting, who was helped by Jia.
most
achieve
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
（2021·六盘水中考改编）阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
Li Bai was born in 701. He was also given the name “Taibai”. The name meant “Venus” in ancient Chinese. Legend says that before Li Bai was born, his mother dreamt that Venus fell into her arms. Some people believed that Li Bai was a god. When Li Bai was five years old, his family settled in a town in today’s Sichuan Province.
Making Iron into a Needle
There is a legend about Li Bai. He was not a very hard-working student when he was young. He often skipped school. One day when he was walking by the river, he saw an old woman. She was working on a large piece of iron.
He asked, “What are you doing ”
She said, “I’m making a needle.”
“But how can you make a large piece of iron into a needle ”
She replied, “I must work hard every day.”
Li Bai suddenly understood the importance of hard work, and he started to work hard at school.
Friendship with Meng Haoran
When Li Bai traveled to Xiangyang in Hubei, he went to visit a famous poet called Meng Haoran. He was twelve years older than Li Bai, but they became friends. They both loved traveling to beautiful mountains and rivers. When Meng Haoran left for today’s Yangzhou, Li Bai wrote a poem about it— Seeing Meng Haoran off at Yellow Crane Tower.
1.When was Li Bai born
He was born _______.
in 701
2.When Li Bai was five years old,where did he live
He lived in ________________________________.
a town in today’s Sichuan Province
3.What was the old woman doing
She was ________________.
making a needle
4.Why could Li Bai and Meng Haoran become friends
Because they ________________________________________________
__________________.
had the same interest/loved traveling to beautiful mountains and rivers
5.What does the poem named Seeing Meng Haoran off at Yellow Crane
Tower show
It shows __________________________________.
the friendship between the two poets
thanks