2024年中考英语课件：话题二十一 世界与环境课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
2024年中考英语课件
第一部分 话题培优
话题二十一 世界与环境
重难点突破
表达能力提升
核心素养培优
世界与环境（The world and the environment）属于《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》话题项目表中第二十一个话题，二级子话题分别为国家与民族（Countries and nationalities）、环境保护（Environmental protection）、 人口（Population）。 地球是我们的家园，它与全世界各国的生存与发展都息息相关，只有爱护和保护好环境，地球上的生物才能和谐共生。想要熟悉并自如地表述世界与环境的相关内容，需要掌握以下知识点。
重难点突破
01
1. population 的用法
【观察】 ① This country has the biggest population in the world.
② Fifty percent of the population are men.
③ What’s the population of China
【探究】population 作名词，意为“人口；人口数量”， 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。当前面有分数或百分数等词修饰时，表示整体中的一部分人，谓语动词用复数形式。询问人口数量要用“What is the population of… ”来提问。 表示人口 “多”时用big/large, 表示人口“少”时用small。
【运用】单项选择。
（1）The population of China is ___ than that of America.
C
A.large B.small C.larger D.smaller
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
（2）The population of that city ___（be） about 2 000 000.
is
根据汉语意思完成句子。
（3）那是个很大的人口数目，但比中国的数目小。
That is a__________________， but ________ than that of China.
big/large population
smaller
2. not only…but also…的用法
【观察】① This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
② Not only did he hear it, but also he saw it.
【探究】（1）not only…but also… 为并列连词，在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，意为“不但……而且……”。连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要和 but also 后的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
（2）not only…but also… 连接两个分句，当 not only 位于句首时，前一个分句常用倒装句形式来表示强调，而 but also 后的分句仍用陈述句语序。
【运用】单项选择。
（1）Not only his parents but also his brother___ to the Summer Palace.
They haven’t been back.
D
A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone
（2）Not only I but also Jane and Mary ___ reading books. We go to
the library together every weekend.
A
A.like B.likes C.liked D.will like
（3）Not only does he ___English correctly, but also he ___ it fluently.
D
A.speaks; speaks B.speaks; speak C.speak; speak D.speak; speaks
D
3. no longer 的用法
【观察】Without a fin（鱼鳍）, a shark can no longer swim and dies slowly.
【探究】no longer 意为“不再”，可以和 not…any longer 相互替换使用，主要强调时间上的“不再”。
【拓展】no more 和 not…any more 也可表示“不再”的意思，但它们侧重程度和数量上的“不再”。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）我姑姑不在这儿居住了。
My aunt doesn’t live here ___________.
any longer
（2）我不能再等了。
I can__________ wait.
no longer
4. 辨析turn on, turn off, turn up与turn down
【观察】① She always turns on the TV as soon as she gets home.
② Please turn off the light when you go out.
③ His grandpa is a little deaf, so you need to turn up the TV.
④ Turn down the radio please. Your mom is sleeping.
【探究】
短语 含义
turn on 打开（水龙头、电源等）
turn off 关掉（水龙头、电源等）
turn up 开大，调高（收音机、电视的音量）
turn down 关小，调低（收音机、电视的音量）
提示：在这些短语中on、 off、 up、 down均为副词，代词做宾语时应放在两词之间，名词作宾语时放在两词之间或之后皆可。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）当你离开房间时，关灯是很有必要的。
It’s necessary for you ____________________when you leave the room.
to turn off the lights
（2）我听不见你的声音，因此我把收音机的声音调低了。
I couldn’t hear your voice so I ____________ the radio.
turned down
（3）如果不用水，你最好关掉水龙头。
You’d better _____________________if you don’t use the water.
turn off the water tap
（4）莉莉非常喜欢这首歌，请把声音开大。
Lily likes this song very much. Please __________.
turn it up
5. 辨析方位介词in, to与on
【观察】① Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
② Japan lies to the east of China.
③ Russia is on the north of China.
【探究】in表示A地在B地范围之内; to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔; on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。
【运用】用in, to或on填空。
（1）Hanzhong lies ___ the southwest of Shaanxi.
in
（2）Mongolia（蒙古国）is ____ the north of China.
on
（3）Singapore（新加坡） lies ___ the south of China.
to
6. 辨析nature, natural与naturally
【观察】① He loves nature.
② They ate natural food like fish and vegetables.
③ All of us naturally feel terrible when things go wrong.
【探究】nature作名词，意为“大自然；自然界”； natural作形容词，意为“自然的；天生的”；naturally作副词，意为“自然地；顺理成章地”。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）煤和石油都是自然资源。
Coal and oil are both _______ resources.
natural
（2）我们应该花更多的时间亲近大自然。
We should spend more time getting close to _______.
nature
（3）父母自然为儿女担心。
Parents _________ worry about their children.
naturally
7. 辨析separate与divide
【观察】① The river separates this village from that one.
② The world is divided into seven continents.
【探究】（1）separate作动词，意为“分开；分离”，指把原来（连）在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来，分开后的部分具有相对的独立性，常与介词from连用。
（2）divide作动词，意为“分开；分散；分割”，指把整体分成若干部分，常与介词into连用。
【运用】用separate或divide的适当形式填空。
（1）This is a big box of apples. Please ________ the good ones from
the bad ones.
separate
（2）The students are ________ into four groups to discuss the problem.
divided
表达能力提升
02
Ⅰ.补全对话
根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话
恢复完整。
A: Summer vacation is coming. What is your plan
B:1. ______________. I am thinking about it. What about you
A: I’m going to do some volunteer work in the Qinling Mountains.
I have no idea
B:2. ______________________
A: I’ll pick up rubbish there. You know some visitors often throw
empty bottles and plastic bags around while they are climbing the
mountains.
B: Oh, that’s bad behavior. 3._____________________________
A: Yes, there are many people with me to work there. Brother Liu
has organized a volunteer team to pick up the rubbish. 4.
________________________.
What will you do there
Is there anyone work with you
He always drives us there
B: He drives you there How great he is! Can I join you
A: Of course. We need more people to join us to protect the
environment.
B:5. ________________________________
A: At 7:00 this Saturday morning. You can just wait for us at the
gate of the Sports Center.
B: OK. Bye.
A: Bye-bye.
When shall we go there next time
Ⅱ.书面表达
（2022·湖州中考）假如你是李雷，上周参观了以“Working the Waste into Magic”为主题的环保作品展。请你根据以下信息，写一篇短文，在英语课上介绍相关展品并分享自己的想法与感受。
What were on show What they are made of/from What you
think
□clothes □chairs □model planes □… □waste paper □plastic bottles □used wood and glass □… □creative
□save …
□…
要求：1.短文须介绍至少两项展品，可适当发挥；
2.文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息；
3.词数：不少于70。（短文开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）
Hello, everyone! I’d like to tell you something about the show “Working the Waste into Magic”.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A number of creative works were on show, including clothes made from waste paper and model planes made of used wood and glass. Another fascinating work is a chair that is made of plastic bottles. They are glued together and painted in different colors.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
I was most interested in a backpack for computers. It is made out of a pair of old jeans! With the zipper of jeans on the top, two pockets on two sides, the backpack looks both useful and fashionable. It even has a logo!
I felt amazed at how waste could be put to such good use. It really helps to save energy and build a greener future.
核心素养培优
03
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2022·宜昌中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Ever since “Mother Nature” gave me life, I expected to grow tall and big.
As a young . .1. ., I was well protected in the forest. I used to have a good time with my friends under the blue sky and . .2. . the river. Our only purpose was to stand high. My pal, Tim often said, “All I ask for is to be . .3. . the whole day.”
More than 300 days passed and we grew straight. Until one day, our first birthday, people came, moved us from the . .4. . and put us on their trucks. “I don’t want to go!” Tim cried.
After a long journey, we arrived in a completely different place with nothing green. Here we were planted in a line. . .5. . the wind blew strongly, I could not even open my eyes to see Tim clearly beside me. So we needed enough . .6. . to grow thicker and higher to stop the wind.
As time went by, we finally . .7. . much stronger. I could keep my eyes open in the wind! I even found the blue sky was back!
This was no longer a no-man’s-land, and hundreds of visitors came here. A man took a picture of us with his camera, “Thank you. We can enjoy clear days . .8. . worrying about sand storms.” A young girl jumping up and down came over and . .9. . me. “Thank you,” she said. “It’s you that have turned the desert into a green land!”
Tim and I smiled at each other, feeling . .10. .. The sun was shining brightly in the bluer sky.
1.( )A.tree B.fish C.girl D.boy
A
2.( )A.in B.along C.under D.on
B
3.( )A.smart B.happy C.busy D.thin
B
4.( )A.beach B.lake C.house D.earth
D
5.( )A.Though B.Unless C.Because D.Until
C
6.( )A.desert B.wind C.sand D.water
D
7.( )A.became B.smelt C.sounded D.remained
A
8.( )A.from B.about C.without D.of
C
9.( )A.asked B.hugged C.invited D.kicked
B
10.( )A.tired B.bored C.proud D.surprised
C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
（2022·安徽中考）第一节：阅读下面短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的一个最佳答案。
The night sky is our earliest library. There, we stored our knowledge, and passed it down around the fire, before we invented the written word.
I remember going to the local university for an astronomy （天文学） night when I was a child. That night, I saw Saturn, one of the planets, and its rings with my own eyes for the first time. The rings shone bright
against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe （宇宙） wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head. It was right there, and you were a part of it. That moment is priceless.
While starlight is good, light pollution here on Earth can be a real problem. For the past 200 years or so, we have used too much electricity （电） to make the night brighter. However, brighter doesn’t usually mean better, especially when a lot of that light shines up into the sky where no one needs it.
Luckily, some cities have taken actions, like setting up new downward-directing lights along the streets. I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting, so that more of us can watch the night sky in a way humans have for thousands of years.
1.What is the night sky compared to ( )
C
A.A book. B.The earth. C.A library. D.The universe.
2.How did the writer find the astronomy night ( )
A
A.It opened his eyes. B.It controlled his mind.
C.It was a real problem. D.It took him too much time.
3.What does the writer hope for ( )
B
A.A brighter night. B.Less use of lighting.
C.More personal space. D.A better education.
（2022·苏州中考）第二节： 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every year, millions of birds are killed or hurt when they fly into
buildings. Why does this happen 4.___ Birds are flying into windows
and tall buildings that are all covered by glass.
Many birds fly from one place to another. Most of the time, they
live in the wild, such as forests and wetlands. 5.___ They might see
small trees and flowers inside a window and want to rest on these plants.
A
C
The birds do not know there is glass between them and the plants. 6.___
Some birds fly at night. They use the moon and stars to help guide
them in the right direction. Tall buildings with lights on at night can
confuse （迷惑） the birds. 7.___ The birds see the light, but they
cannot tell that the light is coming from inside a building. They fly
toward the light and crash into a building. On many mornings, there
might be several dead birds lying on the ground.
8.___ Many office buildings now turn off their lights at night. This
helps reduce the number of birds that fly into buildings and it also helps
save energy.
D
G
B
A. The answer is glass.
B. People are trying to solve the problem.
C. These birds have no idea what glass is.
D. As a result, they fly right into the glass.
E. In this way, they can avoid crashing into glass.
F. People don’t know how to deal with the problem.
G. This is a big problem, especially on foggy and rainy nights.
Ⅲ.短文填空
（2022·武汉中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
plant, live, keep, love, look, change,
animal, easy, happen, one
Eric Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean.
When he was young, he 1.______ to swim. He liked to watch all kinds
of underwater animals and plants through his mask （潜水面罩）. When
loved
he grew up, he wanted to 2._____ for new things in the ocean.
Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist （海洋生态学家）. He
studies how underwater animals and 3.______ connect with each other
and need each other to stay alive.
Mr. Green studies coral reefs （珊瑚） in the Pacific Ocean. A
coral reef is like a big underwater town. Thousands of animals and plants
4._____ there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the
beautiful coral reefs get injured 5.______.
look
plants
live
easily
Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs.
Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the way that all the
living things are joined together has been 6.________.
If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some
7._________ numbers drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr.
Green wants to prevent this from 8.__________.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be
9._____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says.
changed
animals’
happening
kept
“They need all of their parts to work correctly.”
“To take better care of marine homes, we 10._____ must know them.
Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on
these places,” Mr. Green says.
first
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
（2022·岳阳中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
Recently, a father called Daming and his son Dongshun’s photos became hot all over China. In the photos, while they are working on the boat on Dongting Lake, lots of fish are jumping into the fish bin（鱼舱）.
Dongting Lake is the second freshwater（淡水） lake in China, it’s home to nearly 400 kinds of fishes. But in the past, people threw litter
and factories put waste water into the lake. Even worse, a large number of fish were caught by fishermen. Because of pollution and overfishing （过度捕捞）, the Yangtze River was in great danger. For example, the Chinese paddlefish（中华白鲟） disappeared 2 years ago. Daming used to make a living by fishing near Dongting Lake. However, life was gradually becoming difficult for Daming and other fishermen. The more times they went to fish, the fewer fish they could get.
In January, 2020, the government called for a 10-year fishing ban（禁渔令）, covering 332 conservation areas（保护区） in the Yangtze River. Dongshun has worked with his father as a lake ranger （巡湖员） for almost 3 years. This job helps him understand how important it is to protect Dongting Lake. “I think this job is meaningful,” he said. “As the wind is blowing gently, fish are swimming happily. What a beautiful scene! The fishing ban will lead Dongting Lake to a better future.”
1.Why was the Yangtze River in great danger in the past from the
passage
The Yangtze River was in great danger because of
_______________________.
pollution and overfishing
2.How did Daming use to make a living
Daming used to make a living by _________________________.
fishing near Dongting Lake
3.What did the government call for in January, 2020
The government called for ____________________ in January, 2020.
a 10-year fishing ban
4.What is Dongshun’s job now
Dongshun’s job is _____________ now.
a lake ranger
thanks