2024年中考英语（阅读理解之说明文）题型练习(北京专用)（含解析）
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阅读理解之说明文
(中考真题+名校最新真题)
（2023·北京·中考真题）When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn’t have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn’t bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult — you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It’s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
1．You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ________.
A．buy expensive shoes B．order a delicious meal
C．talk with friends for new ideas D．sit quietly in front of a television
2．What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A．Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D．Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
3．The words “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ________.
A．attention B．interest C．ability D．knowledge
4．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B．feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C．a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D．pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
（2023·北京·中考真题）Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
5．According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A．The problem of worldwide hunger. B．A big increase in food production.
C．The speed-up of climate change. D．A sudden drop in population.
6．What can we learn from the passage
A．Food recycling has been hugely successful. B．Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C．Stores should train people to make delicious dishes. D．Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
7．What is the passage mainly about
A．Benefits of reducing food waste. B．Solutions to the food waste problem.
C．The importance of fighting food waste. D．The attitude to the food waste problem.
（2022·北京·中考真题）What does it mean to be green Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind.
The materials of a product are usually our first focus (关注). What is it made of Are there any harmful chemicals in it Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health.
Packaging is important. How is a product packaged Is it over packaged We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled (回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible.
Location (地点) matters. Where was a product produced Where are we buying it Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order
directly from local farmer, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car.
Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural” but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.
The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy.
8．The writer would suggest choosing a product that is ________.
A．over packaged B．delivered from abroad
C．locally produced D．made of unnatural materials
9．The words “be taken with a grain of in salt” Paragraph 5 probably mean “________”.
A．be easily understood B．not be completely believed
C．be widely spread D．not be quickly forgotten
10．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Buying Green B．Recycling Waste
C．Keeping Healthy D．Reducing Energy Use
（2020·北京·中考真题）
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let’s start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the
doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it .There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine . It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to —and care about—their journey story, which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
11．According to the passage, how does technology help health care
A．It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites
B．It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis
C．It improves relations between doctors and patients.
D．It provides an opportunity to build a medical team
12．The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means______.
A．an ability to understand B．an interesting experience
C．a chance to win D．a fair decision
13．What do you know about techno-health care from the passage
A．Patient websites require trust from doctors.
B．Talented companies can give medical advice.
C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients.
D．Medical equipment collects patients’ stories.
14．The writer probably agrees that_____.
A．technology can deal with unexpected effects.
B．telemedicine can take the place of usual health care.
C．it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age.
D．techno-health care should take humanity into consideration.
（2024·北京·一模）Many people have taken part into lots of virtual (虚拟的) meetings these years. Some research shows this might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.
In the study, 602 participants were paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by their total number of ideas, as well as those ideas’ degree of creativity, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, while face-to-face interaction gave more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ determination to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate (创新) with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.”
When some objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than looking around the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the objects were closely connected with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. We don’t see around. “Looking away might come across as rude, so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person.”
Like most educators, Brucks has taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of
the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.
Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
15．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Shake. B．Reconsider.
C．Challenge. D．Strengthen.
16．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.
A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communication
B．participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C．the feedback from companies seems questionable
D．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
17．What can we learn about Brucks’ class
A．Her students have less anxiety by speaking up.
B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning.
D．Her students showed their talent for public speaking.
18．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation
B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C．Grouping Properly Increases Productivity
D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity
（2024·北京·一模）In the past decade, the use of social media has grown in a way that no one could have guessed. It has turned some teenagers into celebrities (名人) and turned the famous into the infamous, overnight.
A key feature (特征) of social media, however, is its volatility. Trends (趋向，动向) come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared.
Short video apps such as TikTok and its Chinese equivalent (对应词) Douyin, took the world by storm.
TikTok was once ranked 8th on Apple’s App Store, and Douyin had more than 300 million domestic monthly active users.
Why are these short videos, which are rarely (罕有) longer than a few minutes, so popular Jiang Yige, Singapore-based analyst at FengHe Fund Management, has a theory. “Short videos are just right to fill in the little gaps in our busy schedules,” he told CNBC．
These videos, apart from being very convenient, are important to teenagers because they allow them to express themselves, according to Teen Vogue.
Liza Koshy, a user of the US app Musical, who has over 2 million followers, said, “The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing (有吸引力的) feature.”
Live streaming (直播) is a feature of our social media life that now seems as, natural as sunrise. It’s a pretty neat idea: You can watch anyone, anywhere, live However, China has taken live streaming to a whole new level. In China, millions of viewers monthly watch a live streaming video. Forbes thought that a number of factors had led to the popularity of the live streaming. Among them is viewers’ ability to interact with unknown names.
However, the quick development of social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it causes. Materials shared on these platforms are often not checked for accuracy (准确，精确). The most basic content (内容) can be false and can mislead users one way or another. We use social media all the time, which doesn’t mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its powerful effect on our minds.
19．What does the underlined word “volatility” in Paragraph 2 possibly mean
A．Being changeable. B．Being valuable.
C．Being comfortable. D．Being international.
20．According to Liza Koshy, why are short video apps very popular
A．They are very convenient.
B．They help people kill time.
C．They provide a sense of community.
D．They allow people to express themselves.
21．What do we know about social media
A．Live streaming is the most popular way of our social media life.
B．People can’t communicate with each other without social media.
C．There is still much room for social media to make improvement.
D．Taking short videos is the best way for teenagers to express themselves.
22．What does the writer want to tell us in the passage
A．Short video apps will take the world by storm in the future.
B．Social media can help you turn into celebrities very quickly.
C．People can share any interesting materials on the platforms without checking.
D．It’s wise to think over both the time and the effect when we use social media.
（2024·北京顺义·一模）When Helen Keller was nineteen months old, a brief illness made her both deaf and blind. With such limitations, how could Keller ever be expected to find happiness
Because happiness has been considered a personal concept, it is difficult to define (定义). Many people throughout history have tried. Greek scientist and philosopher Aristotle wrote, “Happiness depends upon ourselves,” which is not a definition but an observation that individuals are responsible for their own happiness. Roman statesman and philosopher Lucius Seneca wrote of a particular quality of happiness, saying, “True happiness is to enjoy the present, without anxious dependence upon the future.”
Is there a scientific basis (基础) for happiness Researcher suggests happiness is a matter of perspective: “Truly happy individuals construe life events and daily situations in ways that seem to maintain their happiness, while unhappy individuals construe (理解) experiences in ways that seem to reinforce unhappiness”. Basically, this means the way you choose to remember events and situations affects your happiness.
Some research concludes happiness is made up of three parts: pleasure, engagement and meaning. Pleasure involves things that give physical and emotional joy, such as playing a sport or seeing beautiful art. Engagement involves positive interactions (互动) with other people, such as studying or working with people whose company you enjoy. Meaning relates to feeling that your work is useful and important to others.
Even with scientific rationalization (合理化), questions remain. For example, are younger people happier than older people In fact, the opposite seems to be true. This may be because younger people tend to experience higher levels of negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger. The young also have less control over their lives because they lack both independence and the ability to make many of their own decisions.
Perhaps the most important question is whether you can change how happy you are. Studies of identical twins suggest that genetics forms about half of your happiness level. Your quality of life influences about 10 percent of your happiness. That means about 40 percent of your happiness is determined by your choices and actions.
From this explanation we can see that one way you can make yourself happier is to set goals. Keller had a definition of happiness in keeping with this idea. She felt happiness did not come from simply trying to satisfy your own desires but rather by contributing your time and skills to improve the world in some way.
Even if you are unable to achieve a goal that makes the world better in some small way, simply trying will likely give your life meaning and, at the same time, happiness.
23．Why does the writer mention the words of Aristotle and Seneca
A．To show what is the definition of happiness.
B．To suggest that we should enjoy the present.
C．To explain why we can choose to be happy or not.
D．To stress that people have different ideas about happiness.
24．What can you learn from the passage
A．People should communicate with others positively.
B．The young may prefer to make decisions on their own.
C．Your happiness influences the way to understand your life.
D．Your happiness largely depends on your situation of your life.
25．According to Helen Keller, you may feel happier when you ______.
A．choose your dream school B．do clean-up in your neighborhood
C．watch your favorite movie D．talk with your closest friends
26．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．A Special Quality of Happiness B．The Positive Effect of Happiness
C．The True Meaning of Happiness D．A Scientific Basis of Happiness
（2024·北京房山·一模）Can you see the glass as half full, rather than half empty Are you always looking on the bright side of life If so, you might be an optimist.
An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen. A number of studies have shown that optimists enjoy higher levels of happiness, better sleep, lower stress and even better cardiovascular (心血管的) health and immune (免疫的) function. And now, a study connects being an optimist with a longer life.
Researchers followed the lifespan (寿命) of some 160, 000 women aged 50 to 79 for 26 years. They were divided into two groups by completing a self-report measure of optimism. Women with the highest scores were
considered optimists. Those with the lowest scores were considered pessimists. Then, the researchers followed up with the study. They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer. So why is it that optimists live longer
One possible reason is that it could be related with their healthier lifestyles. For example, research from several studies has found that optimism is related with eating a healthy diet, staying physically active and being less likely to smoke cigarettes. These healthy behaviors are well known to improve heart health and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Accepting a healthy lifestyle is also important for reducing the risk of other potentially deadly diseases, such as cancer.
Another possible reason could be the way optimists manage stress. When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps. They use methods to solve the source of the stress, or look at the situation in a less stressful way. For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.
In short, the ways optimists deal with stress might help protect them somewhat against its harmful effects. Be the person who looks at the glass half full. Appreciate the little things in your life and face your problems with a smile and a take-charge attitude. Optimism is the best tool when it comes to changing your outlook on life.
27．According to the passage, who is probably an optimist
A．Tom is upset on rainy or snowy days.
B．Lucy is unwilling to ask others for support.
C．Chris keeps volunteering at the Nursing Home.
D．Marry believes she can solve the problem she meets.
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．People who see half-empty glass are more hopeful.
B．Healthy lifestyle will help treat cardiovascular disease.
C．Optimism is related with being likely to smoke cigarettes.
D．Optimists may enjoy longer lifespan than the less optimistic ones.
29．The word “boost” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．share B．increase C．lose D．limit
30．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To call on people to be optimistic towards life.
B．To give suggestions on how to deal with stress.
C．To show the results of a study on healthy lifestyles.
D．To tell the effects of being optimistic among women.
（2024·北京房山·一模）Microplastics (微塑料) are in our soil, our water, our air, getting into our bodies and causing health problems. Plastics are everywhere, and they’re not going away. Now, that may be changing.
A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was created. For example, in this model, you are able to buy ice cream in a reusable container (容器). When you’re done eating the ice cream, you’ll throw the container in your personal reuse bin. The containers are then picked up by a delivery service, cleaned and refilled, and shipped out to consumers again. In other words, it’s the 21st century milkman to save the world from single-use plastics. This shopping model is called Loop. Already, two large retailers (零售商) are Loop partners and more may join the project.
While recycling is very important, it is not going to solve waste at the root (根本的) cause. “Our company collects the ocean plastics and puts them into products making,” says Tom Szaky, CEO of TerraCycle, a company that is known for recycling hard-to-recycle materials. “But every day, more and more gets put in the ocean, so no matter how much we clean the ocean, we’re never going to solve the problem. That’s really where Loop came out. To us, the root cause of waste is not plastic, it’s using things once, and that’s really what Loop tries to change as much as possible.”
For customers, the process is designed to be as easy as possible. “The goal isn’t as much to get you to change, it’s instead to create systems that don’t make you change—but have you then solve the problem in the process,” Szaky says. “Making customers change is difficult. So the first question we asked in developing the model was ‘Why did throwing rubbish win ’ I think it did because throwing rubbish is convenient and affordable.” If the solutions are not convenient, people will not accept them. Loop aims to be as convenient as throwing something in the bin. You don’t even need to wash the container, so it’s simpler than recycling.
Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace said, “Greenpeace welcomes
the aim of the Loop to move away from throwaway culture.” But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models. Anyway, this is an effort to change the problem of plastics and hopefully this model will work.
31．The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．what customers should do to solve waste problem
B．what benefits the retailers can get from Loop
C．how the new shopping model Loop works
D．how the milkman picks up the containers
32．What can we learn from the passage
A．Loop is designed to be convenient for customers to accept.
B．Companies worldwide are using the shopping model Loop.
C．Ocean plastics can be cleaned up by the shopping model Loop.
D．Customers have to clean the containers under the new model Loop.
33．What is the best title of the passage
A．Making Plastics into Products B．Recycling: A Falling Industry
C．From Throwing Away to Reusing D．Plastics: Hard-to-recycle Materials
（2024·北京丰台·一模）If you are on a bus or train, you’ve probably noticed that most people spend the ride looking at their cell phones. No doubt, they think doing nothing but sit there would be boring, so they prefer distracting themselves. This squares (一致) with past research showing people will do almost anything to avoid boredom.
But results from new research suggest we should rethink that choice. We are probably underestimating (低估) how enjoyable and interesting it is to do nothing but pay attention to wherever our thoughts take us.
In a series of experiments, researchers brought Japanese university students into a lab and told them that they would soon go into a room without their belongings to wait and do nothing but sit for 20 minutes. While waiting, they could think about anything, but were not allowed to sleep, walk, or exercise; look at a smartphone; or check a watch. Before entering the room, they were asked to predict how much they’d enjoy waiting and thinking, how interesting or boring it would be, and how much it would engage them so that they would lose themselves in it and forget the time. Then, they went in the room to wait. Afterward, they reported how waiting actually felt—how engaging, pleasurable, interesting, or boring it was. In some variations of the experiment, they
waited in a dark room without any stimulation (刺激). Either way, researchers found that the participants (参与者) were not good at predicting how much they’d enjoy doing nothing but think. Even in a dark room with no stimulation, they ended up being more engaged and interested than they’d expected.
“People don’t recognize the real value of waiting/thinking,” says researcher Kou Murayama of the Motivation Science Lab at the University of Tübingen in Germany and coauthor of the study. “Once they engage in it, though, they appreciate it.” Spontaneous (自发的) thinking often involves mind-wandering, daydreaming, thinking about the future, or recollecting memories, all of which can have upsides. For example, daydreaming and mind-wandering have been found to improve our mood, creativity, goal-setting, and job performance.
Though it’s hard to know if these results with students would apply (适用) to the rest of us, Murayama did at least compare German students to Japanese students and found both groups underestimated the pleasure of waiting to a similar degree. This suggests that it’s not necessarily a culturally-driven phenomenon (现象), though more research would need to be done to check that.
Overall, says Murayama, the results suggest we rethink whipping out our cell phones every time we are waiting or bored. Instead, we might benefit from having a moment to think freely about whatever catches our fancy—and enjoy ourselves just as much.
34．What can we learn from the experiments mentioned in the passage
A．Participants could sleep when they stayed in the lab.
B．Participants felt more interested than they had expected.
C．Participants could enter the dark room with their watches.
D．Participants predicted they would enjoy waiting and thinking.
35．The word “engage” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.
A．upset B．surprise C．confuse D．attract
36．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us
A．More studies are needed to support the findings.
B．Both Germans and Japanese undervalued the pleasure of waiting
C．Underestimating the pleasure of waiting may not be related to culture.
D．The study results with students would be able to apply to the rest of us.
37．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To present the results of new research.
B．To introduce a culturally-driven phenomenon.
C．To discuss the true meaning of waiting and thinking.
D．To advise us to think freely when we have nothing to do.
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
1．推理判断题。根据“Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had.”可知打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different.”可知有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据“As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention.”可知正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychic energy与attention意思相近。故选A。
4．观点态度题。根据“Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement.”以及“Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.”可知作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。
5．C 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
5．细节理解题。根据“In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据“One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“What can we do to solve this food waste problem ”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
8．C 9．B 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。
8．推理判断题。根据“Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, ...”可知，作者建议选择当地生产的产品，故选C。
9．词句猜测题。分析“So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.”可知，公司试图让我们相信他们的产品对环境负责，但是我们应该秉持一个怀疑的态度，此处“be taken with a grain of salt”的意思是“不被完全相信”，故选B。
10．最佳标题题，本文作者通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。选项A“Buying Green”符合主题，故选A。
11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D
【分析】本文讲述了技术进步给健康医疗领域带来的机遇和挑战。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home. 远程医疗可以让病人不用离开家就可以使用技术在线看医生并得到诊断和指导。”，可知它为病人提供了一种方便的诊断方法，故选B。
12．词义猜测题。an ability to understand理解的能力；an interesting experience有趣的经历；a chance to win获胜的机会；a fair decision公平的决定。根据猜题所在句子中的such可知intuition指代的是上文中的“A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. 通常去看医生的时候会有一个前台接待员，他可以看到并告诉病人情况，这可能会影响治疗效果。”，可知猜题句是指“病人的网站不太可能有这样的理解能力”,所以intuition应指“理解的能力”，故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. ”，可知分享生活细节需要信任，所以选项A是错误的；根据第八段中“Very talented companies are working on it”，可知有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题，所以选项B是错误的；根据第七段中“When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also
great worry. 当一个没有医学学位的人在网站上看到一个没有任何解释的标记结果时，就会有各种各样的故事在他们脑海中形成，同时也会产生巨大的担忧。”，可知标记的结果可能会引起患者的担忧，所以选项C是正确的；根据第八段中“There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine .”，可知有医疗设备可以在家里通过远程医疗发送必要的信号和心脏声音，所以选项D是错的。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.”，可知技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果，所以选项A是错误的；选项B意为“远程医疗可以取代通常的医疗保健。”，文章中没有提及，所以排除；根据第八段中“So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it那么医学如何适应新技术时代呢 有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题。”，可知选项C是错误的；根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them. 技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果。让我们的人性不用成为其中一个。”，可知选项D符合原文。故选D。
15．D 16．C 17．C 18．D
【导语】本文讲述这些年来，很多人参加了很多虚拟的会议。一些研究表明，这一变化可能不会影响生产率。然而，一项新的研究提出了相反的建议。
15．词句猜测题。根据“The findings could stiffen employers’ determination to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.”这一发现可能……雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。结合所给词，应是使坚定。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据第三段可知公司反馈远程工作者更难创新，所以他们组织实验来进行验证，结果发现面对面交流和视频互动在创意产生方面有明显的差异，首席研究员感到吃惊，由此推断，起初首席研究员可能认为公司的反馈有问题。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据“Like most educators, Brucks has taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, for her students felt ‘freer’ and more creative when asked to do so.”可知布鲁斯的虚拟课堂上，学生轮流发言，连害羞的学生也能经常发言，由此推知他的学生能充分利用虚拟学习。故选C。
18．最佳标题题。本文讲述这些年来，很多人参加了很多虚拟的会议。一些研究表明，这一
变化可能不会影响生产率。然而，一项新的研究提出了相反的建议。他们认为虚拟会议不利于创新想法的产生。选项D“网上头脑风暴限制创造力”符合文章主旨。故选D。
19．A 20．C 21．C 22．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了短视频软件的流行原因以及社交媒体存在的弊端。
19．词义猜测题。根据“Trends come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared”可知，社交媒体的一个主要特点是它变化无常，某种趋势很快出现又很快消失，由此可知“volatility”的意思为“changeable”，表示“变化无常的”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing feature.”可知，Liza Koshy认为短视频软件受用户欢迎的原因是它可以让用户有社区的归属感。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据“However, the quick development of social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it…can be false and can mislead users one way or another.”可知社交媒体发展迅速，但也带来一些副作用，如虚假消息会误导用户，由此推知社交媒体还有很大的改善，提升空间。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据“We use social media all the time, which doesn’t mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its powerful effect on our minds.”并结合全文内容可知社交媒体会有一些负面影响，所以作者是想告诉我们要理智地使用社交媒体。故选D。
23．D 24．A 25．B 26．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了不同的人对幸福的不同理解以及幸福的真正意义。
23．细节理解题。根据“Greek scientist and philosopher Aristotle wrote, ‘Happiness depends upon ourselves,’ which is not a definition but an observation that individuals are responsible for their own happiness.”和“Roman statesman and philosopher Lucius Seneca wrote of a particular quality of happiness, saying, ‘True happiness is to enjoy the present, without anxious dependence upon the future.’”可知，亚里士多德认为“幸福取决于我们自己”，塞涅卡则认为“真正的幸福是享受现在，而不焦虑地依赖未来”，所以引用二人的话是为了强调人们对幸福有不同的看法。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据“Some research concludes happiness is made up of three parts: pleasure,
engagement and meaning.”以及“Engagement involves positive interactions (互动) with other people, such as studying or working with people whose company you enjoy.”可知，人们应该积极地与他人交流。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据“She felt happiness did not come from simply trying to satisfy your own desires but rather by contributing your time and skills to improve the world in some way.”可知，幸福不是来自于简单地满足自己的欲望，而是通过贡献你的时间和技能来以某种方式改善世界，因此当你在社区做大扫除的时候你会感到更幸福。故选B。
26．标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了不同的人对幸福的不同理解以及幸福的真正意义，因此选项C“幸福的真谛”适合作为文章标题。故选C。
27．D 28．D 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因并呼吁人们成为乐观主义者。
27．推理判断题。根据“An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen...For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.”可知，乐观主义者是指对未来充满希望，并倾向于期望好事会发生的人，例如，乐观主义者会计划处理这件事的方法，呼吁他人支持，或者试图在紧张的情况下找到希望，可推测D选项 “玛丽相信她能解决她遇到的问题。”与文章对乐观主义者的解释相符。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据“They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer..”可知，乐观的人寿命更长。故选D。
29．词句猜测题。根据“When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps.”可知，当面临压力时，乐观主义者会降低压力水平，即增加采取措施的能力，可推测boost表示 “使增长”，increase表示“增加，使增长”与其意思相符。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因并呼吁人们成为乐观主义者，可推测作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人们对生活保持乐观。故选A。
31．C 32．A 33．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为解决一次性塑料问题，出现的环保购物新模式——Loop。
31．主旨大意题。根据第二段整段可知，第二段介绍了一种新的环保购物模式——Loop，并举例说明新的购物模式Loop是如何运作的。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“For customers, the process is designed to be as easy as possible”可知，对于客户来说，流程设计得尽可能简单，所以Loop的设计便于客户接受。故选A。
33．标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了为解决一次性塑料问题，出现的环保购物新模式——Loop，在这个模式中，用可重复使用的容器来代替一次性包装物，来购买物品，即文章的标题可为“从丢弃到再利用”。故选C。
34．B 35．D 36．C 37．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过一系列实验表明，当人们在等待或无聊的时候应该给予自己时间自由思考任何吸引我们眼球的事情——并同样享受自己。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even in a dark room with no stimulation, they ended up being more engaged and interested than they’d expected.”可知，参与者感到比他们预期的更感兴趣。故选B。
35．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“ Before entering the room, they were asked to predict how much they’d enjoy waiting and thinking, how interesting or boring it would be, and how much it would engage them so that they would lose themselves in it and forget the time. ”可知，在进入房间之前，他们被要求预测他们会多么喜欢等待和思考，这会有多有趣或无聊，以及这会在多大程度上吸引他们，让他们迷失在其中，忘记时间；可推测出“engage”意为“吸引”，与“attract”意思相近。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“This suggests that it’s not necessarily a culturally-driven phenomenon, though more research would need to be done to check that.”以及通读全段可知，第五段主要讲的是低估等待的乐趣可能与文化无关。故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Instead, we might benefit from having a moment to think freely about whatever catches our fancy—and enjoy ourselves just as much.”可知，我们可能会从有时间自由思考任何吸引我们眼球的事情——并同样享受自己；可推断出作者写这篇文章的目的是为了建议我们在没事的时候自由思考。故选D。
(中考真题+名校最新真题)
（2023·北京·中考真题）When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn’t have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn’t bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult — you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It’s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
1．You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ________.
A．buy expensive shoes B．order a delicious meal
C．talk with friends for new ideas D．sit quietly in front of a television
2．What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A．Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D．Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
3．The words “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ________.
A．attention B．interest C．ability D．knowledge
4．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B．feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C．a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D．pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
（2023·北京·中考真题）Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
5．According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A．The problem of worldwide hunger. B．A big increase in food production.
C．The speed-up of climate change. D．A sudden drop in population.
6．What can we learn from the passage
A．Food recycling has been hugely successful. B．Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C．Stores should train people to make delicious dishes. D．Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
7．What is the passage mainly about
A．Benefits of reducing food waste. B．Solutions to the food waste problem.
C．The importance of fighting food waste. D．The attitude to the food waste problem.
（2022·北京·中考真题）What does it mean to be green Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind.
The materials of a product are usually our first focus (关注). What is it made of Are there any harmful chemicals in it Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health.
Packaging is important. How is a product packaged Is it over packaged We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled (回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible.
Location (地点) matters. Where was a product produced Where are we buying it Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order
directly from local farmer, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car.
Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural” but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.
The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy.
8．The writer would suggest choosing a product that is ________.
A．over packaged B．delivered from abroad
C．locally produced D．made of unnatural materials
9．The words “be taken with a grain of in salt” Paragraph 5 probably mean “________”.
A．be easily understood B．not be completely believed
C．be widely spread D．not be quickly forgotten
10．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Buying Green B．Recycling Waste
C．Keeping Healthy D．Reducing Energy Use
（2020·北京·中考真题）
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let’s start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the
doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it .There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine . It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to —and care about—their journey story, which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
11．According to the passage, how does technology help health care
A．It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites
B．It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis
C．It improves relations between doctors and patients.
D．It provides an opportunity to build a medical team
12．The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means______.
A．an ability to understand B．an interesting experience
C．a chance to win D．a fair decision
13．What do you know about techno-health care from the passage
A．Patient websites require trust from doctors.
B．Talented companies can give medical advice.
C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients.
D．Medical equipment collects patients’ stories.
14．The writer probably agrees that_____.
A．technology can deal with unexpected effects.
B．telemedicine can take the place of usual health care.
C．it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age.
D．techno-health care should take humanity into consideration.
（2024·北京·一模）Many people have taken part into lots of virtual (虚拟的) meetings these years. Some research shows this might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.
In the study, 602 participants were paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by their total number of ideas, as well as those ideas’ degree of creativity, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, while face-to-face interaction gave more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ determination to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate (创新) with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.”
When some objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than looking around the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the objects were closely connected with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. We don’t see around. “Looking away might come across as rude, so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person.”
Like most educators, Brucks has taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of
the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.
Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
15．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Shake. B．Reconsider.
C．Challenge. D．Strengthen.
16．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.
A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communication
B．participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C．the feedback from companies seems questionable
D．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
17．What can we learn about Brucks’ class
A．Her students have less anxiety by speaking up.
B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning.
D．Her students showed their talent for public speaking.
18．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation
B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C．Grouping Properly Increases Productivity
D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity
（2024·北京·一模）In the past decade, the use of social media has grown in a way that no one could have guessed. It has turned some teenagers into celebrities (名人) and turned the famous into the infamous, overnight.
A key feature (特征) of social media, however, is its volatility. Trends (趋向，动向) come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared.
Short video apps such as TikTok and its Chinese equivalent (对应词) Douyin, took the world by storm.
TikTok was once ranked 8th on Apple’s App Store, and Douyin had more than 300 million domestic monthly active users.
Why are these short videos, which are rarely (罕有) longer than a few minutes, so popular Jiang Yige, Singapore-based analyst at FengHe Fund Management, has a theory. “Short videos are just right to fill in the little gaps in our busy schedules,” he told CNBC．
These videos, apart from being very convenient, are important to teenagers because they allow them to express themselves, according to Teen Vogue.
Liza Koshy, a user of the US app Musical, who has over 2 million followers, said, “The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing (有吸引力的) feature.”
Live streaming (直播) is a feature of our social media life that now seems as, natural as sunrise. It’s a pretty neat idea: You can watch anyone, anywhere, live However, China has taken live streaming to a whole new level. In China, millions of viewers monthly watch a live streaming video. Forbes thought that a number of factors had led to the popularity of the live streaming. Among them is viewers’ ability to interact with unknown names.
However, the quick development of social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it causes. Materials shared on these platforms are often not checked for accuracy (准确，精确). The most basic content (内容) can be false and can mislead users one way or another. We use social media all the time, which doesn’t mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its powerful effect on our minds.
19．What does the underlined word “volatility” in Paragraph 2 possibly mean
A．Being changeable. B．Being valuable.
C．Being comfortable. D．Being international.
20．According to Liza Koshy, why are short video apps very popular
A．They are very convenient.
B．They help people kill time.
C．They provide a sense of community.
D．They allow people to express themselves.
21．What do we know about social media
A．Live streaming is the most popular way of our social media life.
B．People can’t communicate with each other without social media.
C．There is still much room for social media to make improvement.
D．Taking short videos is the best way for teenagers to express themselves.
22．What does the writer want to tell us in the passage
A．Short video apps will take the world by storm in the future.
B．Social media can help you turn into celebrities very quickly.
C．People can share any interesting materials on the platforms without checking.
D．It’s wise to think over both the time and the effect when we use social media.
（2024·北京顺义·一模）When Helen Keller was nineteen months old, a brief illness made her both deaf and blind. With such limitations, how could Keller ever be expected to find happiness
Because happiness has been considered a personal concept, it is difficult to define (定义). Many people throughout history have tried. Greek scientist and philosopher Aristotle wrote, “Happiness depends upon ourselves,” which is not a definition but an observation that individuals are responsible for their own happiness. Roman statesman and philosopher Lucius Seneca wrote of a particular quality of happiness, saying, “True happiness is to enjoy the present, without anxious dependence upon the future.”
Is there a scientific basis (基础) for happiness Researcher suggests happiness is a matter of perspective: “Truly happy individuals construe life events and daily situations in ways that seem to maintain their happiness, while unhappy individuals construe (理解) experiences in ways that seem to reinforce unhappiness”. Basically, this means the way you choose to remember events and situations affects your happiness.
Some research concludes happiness is made up of three parts: pleasure, engagement and meaning. Pleasure involves things that give physical and emotional joy, such as playing a sport or seeing beautiful art. Engagement involves positive interactions (互动) with other people, such as studying or working with people whose company you enjoy. Meaning relates to feeling that your work is useful and important to others.
Even with scientific rationalization (合理化), questions remain. For example, are younger people happier than older people In fact, the opposite seems to be true. This may be because younger people tend to experience higher levels of negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger. The young also have less control over their lives because they lack both independence and the ability to make many of their own decisions.
Perhaps the most important question is whether you can change how happy you are. Studies of identical twins suggest that genetics forms about half of your happiness level. Your quality of life influences about 10 percent of your happiness. That means about 40 percent of your happiness is determined by your choices and actions.
From this explanation we can see that one way you can make yourself happier is to set goals. Keller had a definition of happiness in keeping with this idea. She felt happiness did not come from simply trying to satisfy your own desires but rather by contributing your time and skills to improve the world in some way.
Even if you are unable to achieve a goal that makes the world better in some small way, simply trying will likely give your life meaning and, at the same time, happiness.
23．Why does the writer mention the words of Aristotle and Seneca
A．To show what is the definition of happiness.
B．To suggest that we should enjoy the present.
C．To explain why we can choose to be happy or not.
D．To stress that people have different ideas about happiness.
24．What can you learn from the passage
A．People should communicate with others positively.
B．The young may prefer to make decisions on their own.
C．Your happiness influences the way to understand your life.
D．Your happiness largely depends on your situation of your life.
25．According to Helen Keller, you may feel happier when you ______.
A．choose your dream school B．do clean-up in your neighborhood
C．watch your favorite movie D．talk with your closest friends
26．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．A Special Quality of Happiness B．The Positive Effect of Happiness
C．The True Meaning of Happiness D．A Scientific Basis of Happiness
（2024·北京房山·一模）Can you see the glass as half full, rather than half empty Are you always looking on the bright side of life If so, you might be an optimist.
An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen. A number of studies have shown that optimists enjoy higher levels of happiness, better sleep, lower stress and even better cardiovascular (心血管的) health and immune (免疫的) function. And now, a study connects being an optimist with a longer life.
Researchers followed the lifespan (寿命) of some 160, 000 women aged 50 to 79 for 26 years. They were divided into two groups by completing a self-report measure of optimism. Women with the highest scores were
considered optimists. Those with the lowest scores were considered pessimists. Then, the researchers followed up with the study. They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer. So why is it that optimists live longer
One possible reason is that it could be related with their healthier lifestyles. For example, research from several studies has found that optimism is related with eating a healthy diet, staying physically active and being less likely to smoke cigarettes. These healthy behaviors are well known to improve heart health and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Accepting a healthy lifestyle is also important for reducing the risk of other potentially deadly diseases, such as cancer.
Another possible reason could be the way optimists manage stress. When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps. They use methods to solve the source of the stress, or look at the situation in a less stressful way. For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.
In short, the ways optimists deal with stress might help protect them somewhat against its harmful effects. Be the person who looks at the glass half full. Appreciate the little things in your life and face your problems with a smile and a take-charge attitude. Optimism is the best tool when it comes to changing your outlook on life.
27．According to the passage, who is probably an optimist
A．Tom is upset on rainy or snowy days.
B．Lucy is unwilling to ask others for support.
C．Chris keeps volunteering at the Nursing Home.
D．Marry believes she can solve the problem she meets.
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．People who see half-empty glass are more hopeful.
B．Healthy lifestyle will help treat cardiovascular disease.
C．Optimism is related with being likely to smoke cigarettes.
D．Optimists may enjoy longer lifespan than the less optimistic ones.
29．The word “boost” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．share B．increase C．lose D．limit
30．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To call on people to be optimistic towards life.
B．To give suggestions on how to deal with stress.
C．To show the results of a study on healthy lifestyles.
D．To tell the effects of being optimistic among women.
（2024·北京房山·一模）Microplastics (微塑料) are in our soil, our water, our air, getting into our bodies and causing health problems. Plastics are everywhere, and they’re not going away. Now, that may be changing.
A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was created. For example, in this model, you are able to buy ice cream in a reusable container (容器). When you’re done eating the ice cream, you’ll throw the container in your personal reuse bin. The containers are then picked up by a delivery service, cleaned and refilled, and shipped out to consumers again. In other words, it’s the 21st century milkman to save the world from single-use plastics. This shopping model is called Loop. Already, two large retailers (零售商) are Loop partners and more may join the project.
While recycling is very important, it is not going to solve waste at the root (根本的) cause. “Our company collects the ocean plastics and puts them into products making,” says Tom Szaky, CEO of TerraCycle, a company that is known for recycling hard-to-recycle materials. “But every day, more and more gets put in the ocean, so no matter how much we clean the ocean, we’re never going to solve the problem. That’s really where Loop came out. To us, the root cause of waste is not plastic, it’s using things once, and that’s really what Loop tries to change as much as possible.”
For customers, the process is designed to be as easy as possible. “The goal isn’t as much to get you to change, it’s instead to create systems that don’t make you change—but have you then solve the problem in the process,” Szaky says. “Making customers change is difficult. So the first question we asked in developing the model was ‘Why did throwing rubbish win ’ I think it did because throwing rubbish is convenient and affordable.” If the solutions are not convenient, people will not accept them. Loop aims to be as convenient as throwing something in the bin. You don’t even need to wash the container, so it’s simpler than recycling.
Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace said, “Greenpeace welcomes
the aim of the Loop to move away from throwaway culture.” But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models. Anyway, this is an effort to change the problem of plastics and hopefully this model will work.
31．The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．what customers should do to solve waste problem
B．what benefits the retailers can get from Loop
C．how the new shopping model Loop works
D．how the milkman picks up the containers
32．What can we learn from the passage
A．Loop is designed to be convenient for customers to accept.
B．Companies worldwide are using the shopping model Loop.
C．Ocean plastics can be cleaned up by the shopping model Loop.
D．Customers have to clean the containers under the new model Loop.
33．What is the best title of the passage
A．Making Plastics into Products B．Recycling: A Falling Industry
C．From Throwing Away to Reusing D．Plastics: Hard-to-recycle Materials
（2024·北京丰台·一模）If you are on a bus or train, you’ve probably noticed that most people spend the ride looking at their cell phones. No doubt, they think doing nothing but sit there would be boring, so they prefer distracting themselves. This squares (一致) with past research showing people will do almost anything to avoid boredom.
But results from new research suggest we should rethink that choice. We are probably underestimating (低估) how enjoyable and interesting it is to do nothing but pay attention to wherever our thoughts take us.
In a series of experiments, researchers brought Japanese university students into a lab and told them that they would soon go into a room without their belongings to wait and do nothing but sit for 20 minutes. While waiting, they could think about anything, but were not allowed to sleep, walk, or exercise; look at a smartphone; or check a watch. Before entering the room, they were asked to predict how much they’d enjoy waiting and thinking, how interesting or boring it would be, and how much it would engage them so that they would lose themselves in it and forget the time. Then, they went in the room to wait. Afterward, they reported how waiting actually felt—how engaging, pleasurable, interesting, or boring it was. In some variations of the experiment, they
waited in a dark room without any stimulation (刺激). Either way, researchers found that the participants (参与者) were not good at predicting how much they’d enjoy doing nothing but think. Even in a dark room with no stimulation, they ended up being more engaged and interested than they’d expected.
“People don’t recognize the real value of waiting/thinking,” says researcher Kou Murayama of the Motivation Science Lab at the University of Tübingen in Germany and coauthor of the study. “Once they engage in it, though, they appreciate it.” Spontaneous (自发的) thinking often involves mind-wandering, daydreaming, thinking about the future, or recollecting memories, all of which can have upsides. For example, daydreaming and mind-wandering have been found to improve our mood, creativity, goal-setting, and job performance.
Though it’s hard to know if these results with students would apply (适用) to the rest of us, Murayama did at least compare German students to Japanese students and found both groups underestimated the pleasure of waiting to a similar degree. This suggests that it’s not necessarily a culturally-driven phenomenon (现象), though more research would need to be done to check that.
Overall, says Murayama, the results suggest we rethink whipping out our cell phones every time we are waiting or bored. Instead, we might benefit from having a moment to think freely about whatever catches our fancy—and enjoy ourselves just as much.
34．What can we learn from the experiments mentioned in the passage
A．Participants could sleep when they stayed in the lab.
B．Participants felt more interested than they had expected.
C．Participants could enter the dark room with their watches.
D．Participants predicted they would enjoy waiting and thinking.
35．The word “engage” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.
A．upset B．surprise C．confuse D．attract
36．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us
A．More studies are needed to support the findings.
B．Both Germans and Japanese undervalued the pleasure of waiting
C．Underestimating the pleasure of waiting may not be related to culture.
D．The study results with students would be able to apply to the rest of us.
37．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To present the results of new research.
B．To introduce a culturally-driven phenomenon.
C．To discuss the true meaning of waiting and thinking.
D．To advise us to think freely when we have nothing to do.
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
1．推理判断题。根据“Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had.”可知打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different.”可知有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据“As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention.”可知正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychic energy与attention意思相近。故选A。
4．观点态度题。根据“Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement.”以及“Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.”可知作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。
5．C 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
5．细节理解题。根据“In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据“One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“What can we do to solve this food waste problem ”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
8．C 9．B 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。
8．推理判断题。根据“Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, ...”可知，作者建议选择当地生产的产品，故选C。
9．词句猜测题。分析“So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.”可知，公司试图让我们相信他们的产品对环境负责，但是我们应该秉持一个怀疑的态度，此处“be taken with a grain of salt”的意思是“不被完全相信”，故选B。
10．最佳标题题，本文作者通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。选项A“Buying Green”符合主题，故选A。
11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D
【分析】本文讲述了技术进步给健康医疗领域带来的机遇和挑战。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home. 远程医疗可以让病人不用离开家就可以使用技术在线看医生并得到诊断和指导。”，可知它为病人提供了一种方便的诊断方法，故选B。
12．词义猜测题。an ability to understand理解的能力；an interesting experience有趣的经历；a chance to win获胜的机会；a fair decision公平的决定。根据猜题所在句子中的such可知intuition指代的是上文中的“A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. 通常去看医生的时候会有一个前台接待员，他可以看到并告诉病人情况，这可能会影响治疗效果。”，可知猜题句是指“病人的网站不太可能有这样的理解能力”,所以intuition应指“理解的能力”，故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. ”，可知分享生活细节需要信任，所以选项A是错误的；根据第八段中“Very talented companies are working on it”，可知有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题，所以选项B是错误的；根据第七段中“When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also
great worry. 当一个没有医学学位的人在网站上看到一个没有任何解释的标记结果时，就会有各种各样的故事在他们脑海中形成，同时也会产生巨大的担忧。”，可知标记的结果可能会引起患者的担忧，所以选项C是正确的；根据第八段中“There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine .”，可知有医疗设备可以在家里通过远程医疗发送必要的信号和心脏声音，所以选项D是错的。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.”，可知技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果，所以选项A是错误的；选项B意为“远程医疗可以取代通常的医疗保健。”，文章中没有提及，所以排除；根据第八段中“So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it那么医学如何适应新技术时代呢 有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题。”，可知选项C是错误的；根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them. 技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果。让我们的人性不用成为其中一个。”，可知选项D符合原文。故选D。
15．D 16．C 17．C 18．D
【导语】本文讲述这些年来，很多人参加了很多虚拟的会议。一些研究表明，这一变化可能不会影响生产率。然而，一项新的研究提出了相反的建议。
15．词句猜测题。根据“The findings could stiffen employers’ determination to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.”这一发现可能……雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。结合所给词，应是使坚定。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据第三段可知公司反馈远程工作者更难创新，所以他们组织实验来进行验证，结果发现面对面交流和视频互动在创意产生方面有明显的差异，首席研究员感到吃惊，由此推断，起初首席研究员可能认为公司的反馈有问题。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据“Like most educators, Brucks has taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, for her students felt ‘freer’ and more creative when asked to do so.”可知布鲁斯的虚拟课堂上，学生轮流发言，连害羞的学生也能经常发言，由此推知他的学生能充分利用虚拟学习。故选C。
18．最佳标题题。本文讲述这些年来，很多人参加了很多虚拟的会议。一些研究表明，这一
变化可能不会影响生产率。然而，一项新的研究提出了相反的建议。他们认为虚拟会议不利于创新想法的产生。选项D“网上头脑风暴限制创造力”符合文章主旨。故选D。
19．A 20．C 21．C 22．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了短视频软件的流行原因以及社交媒体存在的弊端。
19．词义猜测题。根据“Trends come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared”可知，社交媒体的一个主要特点是它变化无常，某种趋势很快出现又很快消失，由此可知“volatility”的意思为“changeable”，表示“变化无常的”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing feature.”可知，Liza Koshy认为短视频软件受用户欢迎的原因是它可以让用户有社区的归属感。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据“However, the quick development of social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it…can be false and can mislead users one way or another.”可知社交媒体发展迅速，但也带来一些副作用，如虚假消息会误导用户，由此推知社交媒体还有很大的改善，提升空间。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据“We use social media all the time, which doesn’t mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its powerful effect on our minds.”并结合全文内容可知社交媒体会有一些负面影响，所以作者是想告诉我们要理智地使用社交媒体。故选D。
23．D 24．A 25．B 26．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了不同的人对幸福的不同理解以及幸福的真正意义。
23．细节理解题。根据“Greek scientist and philosopher Aristotle wrote, ‘Happiness depends upon ourselves,’ which is not a definition but an observation that individuals are responsible for their own happiness.”和“Roman statesman and philosopher Lucius Seneca wrote of a particular quality of happiness, saying, ‘True happiness is to enjoy the present, without anxious dependence upon the future.’”可知，亚里士多德认为“幸福取决于我们自己”，塞涅卡则认为“真正的幸福是享受现在，而不焦虑地依赖未来”，所以引用二人的话是为了强调人们对幸福有不同的看法。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据“Some research concludes happiness is made up of three parts: pleasure,
engagement and meaning.”以及“Engagement involves positive interactions (互动) with other people, such as studying or working with people whose company you enjoy.”可知，人们应该积极地与他人交流。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据“She felt happiness did not come from simply trying to satisfy your own desires but rather by contributing your time and skills to improve the world in some way.”可知，幸福不是来自于简单地满足自己的欲望，而是通过贡献你的时间和技能来以某种方式改善世界，因此当你在社区做大扫除的时候你会感到更幸福。故选B。
26．标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了不同的人对幸福的不同理解以及幸福的真正意义，因此选项C“幸福的真谛”适合作为文章标题。故选C。
27．D 28．D 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因并呼吁人们成为乐观主义者。
27．推理判断题。根据“An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen...For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.”可知，乐观主义者是指对未来充满希望，并倾向于期望好事会发生的人，例如，乐观主义者会计划处理这件事的方法，呼吁他人支持，或者试图在紧张的情况下找到希望，可推测D选项 “玛丽相信她能解决她遇到的问题。”与文章对乐观主义者的解释相符。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据“They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer..”可知，乐观的人寿命更长。故选D。
29．词句猜测题。根据“When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps.”可知，当面临压力时，乐观主义者会降低压力水平，即增加采取措施的能力，可推测boost表示 “使增长”，increase表示“增加，使增长”与其意思相符。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因并呼吁人们成为乐观主义者，可推测作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人们对生活保持乐观。故选A。
31．C 32．A 33．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为解决一次性塑料问题，出现的环保购物新模式——Loop。
31．主旨大意题。根据第二段整段可知，第二段介绍了一种新的环保购物模式——Loop，并举例说明新的购物模式Loop是如何运作的。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“For customers, the process is designed to be as easy as possible”可知，对于客户来说，流程设计得尽可能简单，所以Loop的设计便于客户接受。故选A。
33．标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了为解决一次性塑料问题，出现的环保购物新模式——Loop，在这个模式中，用可重复使用的容器来代替一次性包装物，来购买物品，即文章的标题可为“从丢弃到再利用”。故选C。
34．B 35．D 36．C 37．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过一系列实验表明，当人们在等待或无聊的时候应该给予自己时间自由思考任何吸引我们眼球的事情——并同样享受自己。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even in a dark room with no stimulation, they ended up being more engaged and interested than they’d expected.”可知，参与者感到比他们预期的更感兴趣。故选B。
35．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“ Before entering the room, they were asked to predict how much they’d enjoy waiting and thinking, how interesting or boring it would be, and how much it would engage them so that they would lose themselves in it and forget the time. ”可知，在进入房间之前，他们被要求预测他们会多么喜欢等待和思考，这会有多有趣或无聊，以及这会在多大程度上吸引他们，让他们迷失在其中，忘记时间；可推测出“engage”意为“吸引”，与“attract”意思相近。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“This suggests that it’s not necessarily a culturally-driven phenomenon, though more research would need to be done to check that.”以及通读全段可知，第五段主要讲的是低估等待的乐趣可能与文化无关。故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Instead, we might benefit from having a moment to think freely about whatever catches our fancy—and enjoy ourselves just as much.”可知，我们可能会从有时间自由思考任何吸引我们眼球的事情——并同样享受自己；可推断出作者写这篇文章的目的是为了建议我们在没事的时候自由思考。故选D。
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料