2024年冲刺重庆一诊英语考试阅读理解15篇集训试题（原卷版+解析版）

2024年冲刺重庆一诊英语考试阅读理解15篇集训试题解析版
专题 阅读理解
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）Every day after school, I usually spend time on a very popular app called Keep. Every time I open it, four words come into sight: Self discipline (自律) Brings Me Freedom.
However, self discipline for many people means suffering (痛苦) rather than pleasure. Some people are influenced by some videos to form “perfectly” shaped bodies in a strict way. And then they decide to be as self disciplined as people in these videos. But life doesn’t go the way most of us expected. For example, when the cold hits, people have to give up their exercise plans for a while. There are many difficulties preventing us from being self disciplined. Every step towards our goals brings us suffering. And sometimes the pressure we have put on ourselves only keeps making us feel worse.
I used to be sad about this, too. Later, through tries and mistakes, I found a perfect way to solve this problem: setting short term goals and going step by step. After thinking about different tasks that could make me give up, I realized that most of them shared the same thing—they brought more suffering than joy.
Why not divide a “huge” task into smaller ones to solve the problem For example, it’s hard to lose 20 kilograms in a short time. But what about 2 kilos This seems much easier to achieve and brings us less pressure. We can finally achieve the same goal. What’s more, we will get much pleasure through everyday progress. In this way, self discipline has never been suffering for me. Instead, it has become my own power.
1．For many people, self discipline will bring them ________.
A．pain B．pleasure C．experience D．freedom
2．After feeling the pressure, the writer ________.
A．shared her problems and asked for help B．tried her best to get through it
C．gave up the task for a while D．decided to lose 20 kilograms
3．The writer’s main purpose of writing the passage is to ________．
A．help us lose weight step by step B．encourage us to find more pleasure
C．ask us to keep self discipline in our life D．teach us to overcome our difficulties
4．How does the writer develop this passage
A．Express ideas→give examples→share experiences→show ways.
B．Give examples→share experiences→show ways→express ideas.
C．Share experiences→show ways→give examples→express ideas.
D．Express ideas→share experiences→give examples→show ways.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章首先以人们受一些网络视频影响尝试变得非常自律却很痛苦的现象引入，然后作者结合自己的亲身经历，介绍如何克服自律中的痛苦问题，最后文章告诉我们如果可以将大的目标切分成一个个小目标，就可以减轻痛苦，循序渐进，最终获得成功。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, self discipline for many people means suffering (痛苦) rather than pleasure.”可知，自律对很多人来说意味着痛苦而不是快乐。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Later, through tries and mistakes, I found a perfect way to solve this problem: setting short term goals and going step by step.”可知，在感到压力之后作者并没有放弃，而是经过不断试错最终解决问题。故选B。
3．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，作者主要通过文章教会我们如何克服在实现目标的过程中所遇到的困难以及如何实现目标。故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，文章首先表明观点；然后以人们受一些网络视频影响尝试变得自律却很痛苦的现象引入；接下来作者结合自己的亲身经历；介绍如何克服自律中的痛苦问题；最后文章告诉我们如果可以将大的目标切分成一个个小目标就可以减轻痛苦感受，循序渐进，最终获得成功。故选A。
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）Coffee is popular around the world. Many people like drinking coffee to make them feel energetic. But from an environmental point of view, making coffee causes more carbon emissions (碳排放).
As we all know, climate (气候) change is a big problem. Cutting down carbon emissions is one of the most important ways to deal with it. A German company called PROBAT hopes that its newly developed hydrogen- fueled roasters (氢能烘焙机) could help to deal with carbon emissions in the coffee industry.
Thomas Koziorowski, the CTO of PROBAT, said, “The traditional making process of coffee produces a lot of CO2, and it is difficult for the coffee industry to cut down its bad influence on the environment.” __▲__, the company has been working on inventing a kind of machine that uses clean energy for years. And the company believes that green hydrogen (氢气) is the future of coffee roasting because it is the clean energy with near- zero carbon emissions.
Using hydrogen- fueled roasters is one of the best ways for the coffee industry to cut down carbon emissions. However, there are also some challenges. For example, the machine uses hydrogen from renewable energy like wind power. But whether there will be enough renewable energy to make hydrogen is a big problem. After all, the more hydrogen is needed, the more renewable energy is needed to produce green hydrogen. Therefore, we should use more clean energy and protect the environment.
5．The hydrogen- fueled roasters are developed to ________．
A．save more energy B．make less carbon emissions
C．change the way of making coffee D．improve the taste of coffee
6．Which of the following can be put in the __▲__
A．To increase different kinds of fuels
B．To cut down the cost of making coffee
C．To let their products become more famous
D．To solve the environmental problem
7．The underlined word “renewable” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．可替代的 B．可储存的 C．可依赖的 D．可再生的
8．You may read the passage in the ________ part of a newspaper.
A．culture B．health C．science D．business
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了PROBAT公司开发的氢能烘焙机可以降低碳排放并减少咖啡行业对环境的影响，但仍面临着一些挑战。
5．细节理解题。根据“Cutting down carbon emissions is one of the most important ways to deal with it. A German company called PROBAT hopes that its newly developed hydrogen -fueled roasters (氢能烘焙机) could help to deal with carbon emissions in the coffee industry.”可知氢能烘焙机可以降低碳排放，故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据“it is difficult for the coffee industry to cut down its bad influence on the environment”以及“the company has been working on inventing a kind of machine that uses clean energy for years.”可知空处应描述为了解决对环境产生坏的影响，选项D“为了解决环境问题”符合，故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据“wind power”可知是风能，因此renewable意思是“可再生的”，故选D。
8．推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了PROBAT公司开发的氢能烘焙机可以降低碳排放并减少咖啡行业对环境的影响，因此可以在报纸的科学部分看到。故选C。
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）A “slow train” in southwest China with its own study room has attracted (吸引) much attention on the Internet. The “slow train” No. 5609/5610, which runs between Chongqing and Xiushan, provides students with a good learning environment while enjoying the beautiful views along the way.
In the carriages (车厢), some seats have been replaced by desks and chairs next to the windows to turn them into “study carriages” for passengers in need.
In addition to No. 5609/5610, other “slow trains” have been improved with “study carriages”, too. People from nearby schools often take the trains between schools and homes. They are the children’s best choice, and many students use the travel time to finish their homework.
On the train No. Z150, a new “book bar” carriage has been welcomed by college students. There are nearly 400 schools along the line, making the train No. Z150 the first choice for most students from those schools. Since 2015, the train’s dining car has been open for free at night to provide returning students with free tea and other services. These small but kind actions are a welcome comfort for students in need of a relaxing place to continue their studies.
9．The main passengers of the “slow trains” are ________.
A．visitors B．students C．foreigners D．officers
10．The seats have been changed into desks and chairs to ________.
A．make good use of the space B．attract passengers’ attention
C．provide places for learning D．make the space comfortable
11．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”.
A．the beautiful views B．the study carriages
C．the slow trains D．the nearby schools
12．Which of following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The train No. Z150 is popular among college students.
B．No. 5609/5610 runs between Chengdu and Xiushan.
C．The “slow trains” are the best trains for students to take.
D．The dining car of No. Z150 provides free meals for passengers.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种新型的开设在火车上的“移动自习室”，这种自习室不仅有学习的地方，而且在晚上还提供免费的餐饮服务，为来往的学生们提供了很大便利。
9．细节理解题。根据“provides students with a good learning environment while enjoying the beautiful views along the way”可知，“慢火车”的主要乘客是学生。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据“In the carriages (车厢), some seats have been replaced by desks and chairs next to the windows to turn them into ‘study carriages’ for passengers in need.”可知，在车厢里，一些座位被窗边的桌椅取代，变成了“学习车厢”，供有需要的乘客使用。所以是为了提供学习场所给乘客，故选C。
11．代词指代题。根据“In addition to No. 5609/5610, other “slow trains” have been improved with “study carriages”, too. People from nearby schools often take the trains between schools and homes. They are the children’s best choice, and many students use the travel time to finish their homework.”可知，附近学校的人经常“慢火车”往返于学校和家之间，它们是孩子们最好的选择，许多学生利用旅行时间来完成作业。所以此处They指的是“慢火车”，故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据“On the train No. Z150, a new ‘book bar’carriage has been welcomed by college students.”可知，在Z150火车上，一种新型的“书吧”车厢，受到了大学生们的欢迎。所以“Z150火车在大学生中很流行”表述正确，故选A。
（23-24九年级下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）If you’ve ever walked through fog (雾), you might have noticed that your skin and hair get wet. This is because fog is made of tiny water drops. Scientists are helping people collect these drops to make drinking water.
In some towns, there is no fresh water. People there have to use trucks to carry fresh water. It is expensive.
Since rain falls to the ground, it can easily be collected into tanks (冰箱). But the water drops that make up fog don’t hit the ground. Instead, they float (漂浮) in the air. To turn fog into water, you have to catch the water drops.
A fog catcher is made of nets with two posts. The nets are usually set up on a hilltop. As fog passes by, the nets catch the water drops. The drops run down the nets and into channels. The channels lead the water into large tanks where it can be stored. A fog catcher can collect 10,000 liters of water a day. Scientists have helped set up fog catchers for towns in Chile, Nepal and Mexico.
Fog catchers are a great way for people in small and lonely towns to have their own fresh water. Centuries before scientists created fog-catching nets, nature was making fog into water on its own. As fog passed through the mountains, large leaves got the drops just like the nets do. People learned to drink the water collected on the leaves. Thanks to modern fog catchers, enough water can be made for a whole town!
13．What does the world “It” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Trucks’ carrying. B．Rain collecting.
C．Fog catching. D．Water collecting.
14．What is a fog catcher made of
A．Tanks. B．Leaves. C．Nets. D．Posts.
15．Centuries ago people learned to drink the water collected ________.
A．in channels B．on the nets C．on the leaves D．in trucks
16．Where might the passage come from
A．A storybook. B．A science magazine.
C．A travel book. D．A crime fiction.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．C 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述了数百年前人们如何取水和科学家们发明了现代的雾捕捉器可以收集水滴，为其提供足够的水，大大方便了城镇的人生活的故事。
13．词句猜测题。根据第二段“People there have to use trucks to carry fresh water”人们必须使用卡车来运淡水，可知“it”指的是卡车运输的费用。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A fog catcher is made of nets with two posts.”可知，雾收集器是由网制成的。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Centuries before scientists created fog-catching nets…People learned to drink the water collected on the leaves”可知，数个世纪以前，人们学会了喝树叶上收集的水。故选C。
16．推理判断题。全文主要讲述了数百年前人们如何取水和科学家们发明了现代的雾捕捉器可以收集水滴，为其提供足够的水，大大方便了城镇的人生活的故事。可推测，这篇文章最有可能出现在科普类杂志上。故选B。
（23-24九年级下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Having a picnic is one of the great pleased activities in summer. There are somethings you should think about.
Packing (打包) your foods
Before you set off, check if your foot box is shut closely. If it’s a hot summer’s day, then a cool box will be useful for keeping your picnic foods. Don’t forget to pack cups or bottles for drinks.
Food safety
You should keep things like meat pies, fish and dairy dishes in cold boxes. You’d better keep your food on ice for as long as possible before you eat them. Finally, carry some hand sanitizers (洗手液). Make sure that everyone’s hands are clean before they touch the food.
Delicious snacks
After you have prepared the main dishes, it’s time to pack some snacks. Chips, chocolate candies and cookies are considered great picnic snacks. They’re very delicious, of course, but be careful not to eat too much of them.
17．What should you do first before going out for a picnic from the article
A．Eat sandwiches. B．Carry some hand sanitizers. C．Make sure the food boxes shut closely.
18．What do you pack for drinks
A．Cups. B．Boxes. C．Chopsticks.
19．What is the article mainly about
A．Making a picnic. B．Enjoying a picnic. C．Preparing a picnic.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些为野餐准备的相关建议。
17．细节理解题。根据“Before you set off, check if your foot box is shut closely.”可知，在你出发之前，检查你的食品盒是否关紧了，故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据“Don’t forget to pack cups or bottles for drinks.”可知，别忘了带饮料的杯子或瓶子，故选A。
19．主旨大意题。根据“Having a picnic is one of the great pleased activities in summer. There are somethings you should think about.”和通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些为野餐准备的的相关建议，故选C。
（23-24九年级下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Throughout China’s National Day holiday of 2023, about 50,000 tourists gathered daily in the fish village of Xunpu in Fujian. They dressed themselves in different kinds of costumes, ranging from horse-face skirts to Dai ethnic clothing, yet all of them wore colorful flowers.
The tradition of wearing flowers has been a part of Xunpu women’s lives since the Tang and Yuan dynasties. The locals believe that if you “put flowers in your hair in this life, and you’ll also be pretty in the after-life”.
▲ Children aged eight to twelve wear flowers on both sides of their temples (太阳穴). Teenagers, around the age of thirteen, decorate their round bun-like hair with fresh flowers. Middle-aged women usually style their hair in a spiral bun (螺旋发髻) with both flowers and gold hair decorations (装饰). When it comes to elderly women, a red headscarf, alongside red flowers and head decorations, is preferred. The tradition of flower-wearing among Xunpu women has been recognized as part of China’s intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Even though the tradition in Xunpu is believed to come from foreign countries, the flower decoration culture has deep roots in China. The earliest record can be found in the Record on Travel to Nanyue (南越行纪) by Lu Jia from the Han Dynasty, which mentioned women in the state of Nanyue used to adorn themselves with threaded jasmine (茉莉花).
In addition to its decoration purpose, flower decoration carries a deeper meaning of blessing. During the Han dynasty, people, including men, wore cornels (山茱萸) as a means to get rid of bad spirits and wish for long life during the Double Ninth Festival, a tradition Chinese festival that celebrates the elders.
The culture to wear flowers changes with historical development, the flower-wearing traditions of Xunpu women have remained to the present day, symbolizing Xunpu women’s hopes for a better life.
20．What does the word “adorn” mean in Paragraph 4
A．喜爱 B．装扮 C．描绘 D．馈赠
21．Which sentence can be put into ▲
A．How to wear flowers is different according to the wearer’s age.
B．However, the custom of men wearing flowers did not last long.
C．Competitions for women in designing flower hairstyles are popular.
D．Xunpu locals traditionally send out invitation cards with beautiful flowers.
22．Who wears flowers properly according to the passage
A．Lily, 8 years old, decorates her round bun-like hair with fresh flowers.
B．Jenny, 15 years old, wears flowers on both sides of their temples.
C．Anna, 30 years old, decorates her spiral bun with flowers.
D．Amy, 65 years old, wears red headscarf with golden flowers.
23．What can you infer from the passage
A．Both men and women could wear flowers in the past.
B．Xunpu women may keep the tradition of wearing flowers in the future.
C．Xunpu is the first place to have the tradition of flower decoration.
D．The earliest record of flower decoration can date back to Tang dynasty.
【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．B
【导语】本文主要介绍蟳埔渔村妇女佩戴鲜花的传统。
20．词句猜测题。根据“The earliest record can be found in the Record on Travel to Nanyue (南越行纪) by Lu Jia from the Han Dynasty, which mentioned women in the state of Nanyue used to adorn themselves with threaded jasmine (茉莉花).”可知，书中提到南越国的妇女用丝线的茉莉花来装扮自己，此处adorn的意思是“装扮”，故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据“Children aged eight to twelve wear flowers on both sides of their temples (太阳穴). Teenagers, around the age of thirteen, decorate their round bun-like hair with fresh flowers. Middle-aged women usually style their hair in a spiral bun (螺旋发髻) with both flowers and gold hair decorations (装饰). When it comes to elderly women, a red headscarf, alongside red flowers and head decorations, is preferred.”可知，介绍不同年龄佩戴鲜花的方式，选项A“佩戴鲜花的方式根据佩戴者的年龄而不同”符合语境，故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据“Middle-aged women usually style their hair in a spiral bun (螺旋发髻) with both flowers and gold hair decorations (装饰).”可知，中年妇女通常把头发扎成一个螺旋发髻，上面有花和金色的发饰。选项C“30岁的安娜用鲜花装饰着她的螺旋发髻”表述正确，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“the flower-wearing traditions of Xunpu women have remained to the present day, symbolizing Xunpu women’s hopes for a better life”可知，蟳埔妇女穿花的传统一直保留至今，象征着蟳埔妇女对美好生活的希望，由此推测蟳埔妇女今后可能会保留佩戴鲜花的传统。故选B。
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）①Do you know the dragon and Kun I think most of you must know the dragon, because it is one of the symbols of China. But probably very few people know about the Kun. It is a fish from ancient Chinese stories. The fish is huge and lives in the northern sea. Kunlong AG600, the Chinese made large amphibious aircraft (水陆两栖飞机), was named after these two symbols. The meaning of the name is to fly into the high sky like a dragon and go down to the deep sea like a Kun.
②On February 25, 2023, the fourth AG600M firefighting aircraft prototype (消防飞机原型机), belonging to the AG600 large amphibious aircraft family, carried out its first flight (飞行) in Zhuhai. During the 17 -minute flight, the aircraft carried out some planned flight test subjects. And it performed very well. The successful flight of the aircraft showed the start of test flights of all four AG600M aircraft prototypes.
③As a member of the AG600 aircraft family, the AG600M has been developed as a piece of important aeronautical equipment (航空设备) to make China’s ability to save people in dangerous situations stronger. It can be used in putting out forest fires, doing sea search and other tasks.
④The AG600 aircraft family made great progress in 2022, especially both aircraft development and market exploration (开拓). The year of 2023 is the key to the development of aircraft. A number of flight tests and ground tests are planned this year to make sure that the AG600M is able to put out fires.
⑤It will be useful for emergency saving and prevention systems. Let’s wait and see.
24．The name of Kunlong has a meaning of ________ like a Kun.
A．living in the southern sea B．flying into the high sky
C．swimming in the river D．going down to the deep sea
25．The aircraft prototype’s first flight took place in ________.
A．Fujian Province B．Guangdong Province
C．Hainan Province D．Guangxi Province
26．We can infer from this passage that ________.
A．the AG600M can be used for emergency saving and prevention systems
B．it was difficult for the AG600M to carry out its first flight
C．the AG600 belongs to the AG600M amphibious aircraft family
D．the AG600 aircraft family made great progress three years ago
27．The structure (结构) of the passage is ________.
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从名字的由来、目前的进展、使用目的以及未来展望等方面介绍了灭火飞机鲲龙AG600。
24．细节理解题。根据“The meaning of the name is to fly into the high sky like a dragon and go down to the deep sea like a Kun.”可知，人们将这架飞机命名为鲲龙是希望它可以像鲲和龙一样拥有上天入海的能力。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据“On February 25, 2023, the fourth AG600M firefighting aircraft prototype (消防飞机原型机), belonging to the AG600 large amphibious aircraft family, carried out its first flight (飞行) in Zhuhai.”可知，飞机原型机的第一次飞行是在珠海市，根据地理知识可知珠海市位于广东省。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据“the AG600M has been developed as a piece of important aeronautical equipment (航空设备) to make China’s ability to save people in dangerous situations stronger. It can be used in putting out forest fires, doing sea search and other tasks.”及第五段中“It will be useful for emergency saving and prevention systems.”可知，AG600M可用于紧急救援和预防系统。故选A。
27．篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知，第一段介绍了AG600的相关背景从而引出文章的主题；第二、三、四段分别从目前的进展、使用目的等方面介绍了鲲龙AG600；最后一段介绍了对AG600的未来展望。故选C。
（23-24九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets The lions dance to the beat of a drum (鼓). Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costumes (服饰). Lion dancing first started in China centuries ago. It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year.
Usually, a lion is made up of two dancers. One dancer controls the head. The other controls the tail.
“I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really lifts me up,” he says.
In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. LionDanceMe is a lion dancing group in San Francisco, California. There are boys and girls on its team. They dance together. “Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl.
Lion dancing will continue to evolve. But a team’s sense of community will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs. ”
28．Why do people perform lion dancing
A．To sell lion-dancing costumes. B．To protect the lions in the wild.
C．To wish for a lucky new year. D．To show skills of playing the drum.
29．Which role does Anthony play in lion dancing
A．The lion’s head. B．The lion’s tail. C．The drummer. D．The dresser.
30．What does the underlined word “evolve” mean
A．延期 B．模仿 C．举办 D．演变
31．What can we infer (推断) from Ananda’s words “We call it a family” in the last paragraph
A．They bring happiness to the family. B．They call lion dancing a family game.
C．They support each other like a family. D．They live together in a big family.
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．D 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的传统舞狮，它在不断地演变，也获得了很多人的喜爱。
28．细节理解题。根据“It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year.”可知舞狮意在来年带来好运。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head”可知他扮演狮头。故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据“In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today”以及“Lion dancing will continue to evolve”可知舞狮过去只有男性扮演，现在男性和女性都可以，说明舞狮在不断地演变，故此处划线部分意为“演变”。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs”可知他们把它叫作家庭，因为他们总是互相支持。故选C。
（23-24九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）You are running around in the park. But then suddenly, you fall and hurt yourself. “Ow!” you cry. This sound is very familiar to us all. Crying out when we get hurt is a natural reaction. But what is it about this sound that makes us shout it out
Scientists from the National University of Singapore now believe they’ve found the answer. The effort of shouting the word “ow” actually interferes (干预) with pain messages traveling to the brain. So by shouting it out, it distracts us from the feeling of pain.
The scientists tested how long volunteers could hold their hands in very cold water. There were five rounds of the test. In the first round, they were allowed to shout “ow” when they felt pain. In another round, they had to stay silent.
The results showed that volunteers were able to keep their hands in the cold water for longer when they were allowed to shout out. They managed around 30 seconds on average, five seconds more than when they had to remain silent.
“We found that a simple vocal act such as saying ‘ow’ helps individuals deal with pain,” the report from the scientists stated.
What’s more, expressions of pain are shared among languages. While cries of “ow” or “ouch” are heard in English, South Africans yell “eina”, Italians shout “ahia” and Chinese “aiyo”.
Scientists said in the report: “Shared among these languages is a sound during which the mouth simply opens, the tongue lies flat (水平的) and the lips unrounded. It is a simple sound that requires little control while maximizing (充分利用) the volume.” So these sounds are useful to shout if we feel pain.
32．What does the underlined word “distracts” mean in Paragraph 2
A．表达 B．分散 C．增加 D．消失
33．According to the passage, the scientists found ________.
A．pain messages don’t travel to the brain
B．a simple sound such as saying “ow” makes people happy
C．people in different countries express pain in the same language
D．shouting out “ow” reduces the feeling of pain
34．What do we know about the test
A．Volunteers were allowed to shout out in every round.
B．Volunteers felt less pain when they weren’t allowed to shout out.
C．Volunteers stayed longer in cold water in the first round than in the second.
D．Volunteers all shouted the “ow” sound out in the test.
35．What is the passage mainly about
A．Any language is more exciting when we feel pain.
B．Shouting out is useful and helpful if you feel pain.
C．We should shout every day to stay healthy.
D．People shout to better express their feelings.
【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一些有助于减缓疼痛的简单声音及它们减缓疼痛的原因。
32．词句猜测题。根据“The effort of shouting the word ‘ow’ actually interferes with pain messages traveling to the brain. So by shouting it out, it distracts us from the feeling of pain.”可知，喊出“哦”这个词实际上会干扰疼痛信息传递到大脑，即大声喊出来会分散我们对疼痛感的注意力，可推测distract表示“分散”。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据“We found that a simple vocal act such as saying ‘ow’ helps individuals deal with pain”可知，科学家们发现简单的发声行为，例如说“哦”，可以帮助人们应对疼痛，可推测当我们喊出“哦”时，可以减轻疼痛感。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“In the first round, they were allowed to shout ‘ow’ when they felt pain. In another round, they had to stay silent. The results showed that volunteers were able to keep their hands in the cold water for longer when they were allowed to shout out. They managed around 30 seconds on average, five seconds more than when they had to remain silent.”可知，第一轮实验志愿者允许大声喊“哦”，第二轮必须保持沉默，实验结果显示，当志愿者被允许大声喊叫时，他们的手能够在冷水中停留更长时间，他们平均坚持了30秒左右，比必须保持沉默时多了5秒，即实验中志愿者第一轮在冷水中停留的时间比第二轮更长。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。根据全文通篇主要介绍了一些有助于减缓疼痛的简单声音及它们减缓疼痛的原因，即如果您感到疼痛，大声喊叫是有用且有帮助的。故选B。
（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Candy is smart, talented and really nice. As a team leader, she wishes Frank, a member of her politics project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize （批评） him, only to find that Frank kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, while Frank himself complained that he was not treated fairly.
How did poor Candy get into this mess The primary reason was that Candy failed in a key part of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback（反馈）for team members. This isn’t simply a duty but a correctness.
Failing to question or criticize Frank’s work, Candy was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Frank. They’re just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Candy didn’t bring out a gift in Frank.
A leader had better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback to help solve someone’s best fit in their job or in the organization. This method also avoids surprises. It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. Maybe it serves them right, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard （猝不及防） because they would have been receiving open, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.
Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback People always like to be liked, so they avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness. But that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. If you just only like to be liked, the chance of being respected is really low. However, you have a chance of being liked. Of course, the most difficult part for a nice leader is criticizing someone.
Back to Candy’s case. Not telling Frank how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have led her team to success and have been a likeable and critical leader.
36．The word “gift” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ________”.
A．present B．ability C．pride D．praise
37．According to this article, what is necessary between leaders and team members
A．Being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect.
B．Criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader.
C．Open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members.
D．Praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance.
38．Based on the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．Candy should patiently encourage Frank to try his best.
B．Candy should gradually kick Frank off her team.
C．Candy should politely show Frank the improvement he made.
D．Candy should clearly tell Frank her judgment of his performance.
39．What is the best title of the passage
A．Become a Good Leader B．Set a Good Team
C．Frank’s problem D．Cindy’s Worry
【答案】36．B 37．C 38．D 39．A
【导语】本文以坎迪的例子说明，优秀的领导者要为团队成员提供明确的反馈。
36．词义猜测题。根据前句“What they really need is feedback from their leaders.”可知，他们真正需要的是来自领导的反馈，坎迪并没有激发弗兰克的天赋，即能力。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据第四段“But with a different mindset, she could have led her team to success and have been a likeable and critical leader.”可知，领导者和团队之间需要进行坦诚的沟通，故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Failing to question or criticize Frank’s work, Candy was in fact unkind.”以及最后一段“Back to Candy’s case. Not telling Frank how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse.”可知，不告诉弗兰克他在团队里的情况只会使情况变得更糟，坎迪应该清楚地告诉弗兰克她对他的表现的评价。故选D。
39．最佳标题题。根据第四段“A leader had better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback to help solve someone’s best fit in their job or in the organization.”以及通读全文可知，优秀的领导者要为团队成员提供明确的反馈。所以本文的最佳标题是“成为一名优秀的领导者”。故选A。
（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Do you have good friends Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you
It turns out that this isn’t just an expression. A study has found that you and your friends have more genes （基因） in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.
1% of genes may not sound like much to us, but to geneticists it is a larger number. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution （进化） that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility （易感性）, giving them a better chance to stay alive.
Among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With these findings, researchers have developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”.
It can help tell how likely two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance （提前） who your friends are going to be.
40．What does the author mean by saying “It turns out that this isn’t just an expression”
A．Friends look like our cousin.
B．Friends share 1% of genes with us.
C．Friends feel close to our family.
D．Friends can help us when we feel cold.
41．The writer takes the example of ancient people in Paragraph 5 to ________.
A．study how ancient people dealt with the cold
B．predict that similar environments lead to friendship
C．prove that it is evolution that brings friends together
D．explain why ancient people gave each other chance to keep alive
42．According to this passage, what is the right relationship
A．Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes → Become friends
B．Same Genes → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Become friends
C．Same Genes → Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies
D．Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes
43．You decide to use the “friendship score” described in the article to make an App based on the purpose of the score. What’s the best name for your new App
A．Hello Gene! B．Gene Test C．Green Finder D．Gene Friends
【答案】40．B 41．C 42．B 43．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了基因与朋友之间的关系。
40．细节理解题。根据“They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.”可知，研究发现朋友有1%的基因匹配。故选B。
41．推理判断题。根据“So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.”可知，事实上，是进化让你们走到了一起。所以第五段列举古人的例子是为了证明是进化使朋友聚在一起，故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据“Among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.”可知，正确的关系为：相同的基因→发展相同的技能和爱好→成为朋友，故选B。
43．标题归纳题。根据“A study has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do.”可知，根据分数的目的制作应用程序，新应用程序的最佳名称应该是“基因之友”，故选D。
（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）
If you can keep your friends when all about you are losing theirs and wondering why;
If you can believe in yourself when others don’t, and believe in your friends too;
If you can be patient and learn to wait, but not force others to wait for you;
If you can listen to the advice of others, △;
If you can see problems as things that can improve, and meet them without fear;
If you can speak the truth always, and give those you love your help;
If you can learn from the times you have won, but learn too from the times you lost;
If you spend time making things right for others, and let them help you in return.
If you can stay true to your friends in the face of trouble, yours will be a truly wonderful life,
Because you will have the comfort that you did for your friends and made the best of the friends you had.
I was given the idea to write this poem by the very famous poem IF by Rudyard Kipling. Considered one of the great English writers, Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born in India in 1865 and educated in England but returned to India in 1882. At the time of his birth, his parents, just arrived in India from British Empire. The family lived well, and Kipling was especially close to his mother. However, Kipling’s life was torn (撕裂) apart when his mother, wanting her son to receive a formal British education, sent him to Southern, England where he attended school and lived with a foster (收养的) family. He was beaten and treated badly by his foster mother. In later life two of his children died. All these events affected Kipling deeply. But they made him a stronger and better person. He wanted to overcome these problems and not let them overcome him. He must have been a very good friend to have.
In 1907 he accepted the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first Englishman to be so honored.
44．Which of the following can be probably put in △
A．yet decide for yourself what is right
B．and accept them without thinking twice
C．but never accept others’ opinion
D．and always turn them down at once
45．This writer wrote this poem most probably to ________.
A．give people some advice B．remember Rudyard Kipling
C．introduce Rudyard Kipling’s poem D．show us how to write a poem
46．Kipling’s parents sent him away because ________.
A．his parents just arrived in India
B．his mother wanted him to get British education
C．his parents found him a great foster family
D．they moved back to England
47．What words can we use to describe Kipling
A．Unlucky but open-minded. B．Happy and strong.
C．Unlucky but strong-minded. D．Stronger and better.
【答案】44．A 45．A 46．B 47．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者受一位著名诗人Rudyard Kipling的作品《IF》的影响所写的一首诗，也介绍了Rudyard Kipling的生平故事。
44．推理判断题。根据“If you can listen to the advice of others,”可知，上文是听取别人的建议，推测下文讲自己做决定，故选A。
45．推理判断题。通读文章中的这首诗的内容可知，这首诗是写给人们的建议，故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据“However, Kipling’s life was torn (撕裂) apart when his mother, wanting her son to receive a formal British education, sent him to Southee, England where he attended school and lived with a foster (收养的) family.”可知，Rudyard Kipling的母亲希望儿子接受正规的英国教育，所以把他送走了。故选B。
47．推理判断题。根据“He was beaten and treated badly by his foster mother. In later life two of his children died. All these events affected Kipling deeply. But they made him a stronger and better person. He wanted to overcome these problems and not let them overcome him.”可知，Rudyard Kipling虽然命运坎坷，但是他想克服这些问题，而不是让它们克服他，所以他是一位不幸但意志坚强的人，故选C。
（2023·重庆大渡口·二模）①Walking around the city, you will see girls wearing hanfu on the underground or people wearing T-shirt with Chinese characters in the streets. A new trend（潮流）is getting popular in China. It’s guochao or China-Chic. Guochao adds traditional Chinese culture into products, and it shows the rise of China’s native fashion（时尚）.
②Guochao got people’s attention in 2018. Before that, the market was controlled by foreign companies. There were few Chinese brands. To win the market share, many Chinese brands followed the footsteps of these western brands. In 2018, Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning made changes to the situation. It introduced its Wu Dao collection to the world. The collection not only looked fashionable, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It quickly caught people’s attention at home and abroad. And it created amazing sales.
③Later, many Chinese brands, from food, drinks and clothing to mobile phones and cars, started to add Chinese culture into their products. Even the film and music industries made every effort to create Chinese styles. “We want our products to be the ones that young people would like to share”, they said.
④These brands got what they wanted. Young people gradually converted their attention from western culture to guochao. They accepted it with pleasure. What’s more they started to develop interest in traditional Chinese art and literature. Now they wear traditional clothes, practice Chinese calligraphy（书法）and play Chinese musical instruments. Some of them are working together to spread Chinese culture to people around the world.
⑤At the same time, people of different ages start to choose products “made in China”. According to a survey, 68% Chinese people prefer Chinese brands. Among them, 62% say they are open to international brands, but local brands remain the first choice.
⑥No matter how guochao develops, there is one thing that won’t change—people’s confidence in our country’s development and culture is growing.
48．What can we learn about Chinese brand Li Ning from Paragraph 2
A．It increased the world market share before 2018.
B．It always followed the footsteps of foreign brands.
C．It started the trend of guochao around the world.
D．It spent lots of time creating products with Chinese elements.
49．The underlined word “converted” can be replaced by “________”.
A．changed B．developed C．started D．improved
50．Which is the structure of the passage
A．①-②-③④⑤-⑥ B．①-②③-④⑤-⑥
C．①-②③④-⑤-⑥ D．①-②③④-⑤⑥
51．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Guochao, A New Fashion Trend B．Young People’s Special Love
C．The Advantages of Local Brands D．The Development of Chinese Brands
【答案】48．C 49．A 50．D 51．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国国潮的兴起。
48．细节理解题。根据“To win the market share, many Chinese brands followed the footsteps of these western brands. In 2018, Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning made changes to the situation.”可知，为了赢得市场份额，许多中国品牌追随了这些西方品牌的脚步。2018年，中国运动服装品牌李宁改变了这一局面。也就是说李宁开启了国潮在全世界的潮流。故选C。
49．词句猜测题。根据“These brands got what they wanted.”以及“attention from western culture to guochao”可知，此处意为年轻人逐渐将注意力从西方文化转移到国潮，年轻人的关注对象发生了变化。故选A。
50．篇章结构题。根据“Guochao adds traditional Chinese culture into products, and it shows the rise of China’s native fashion.”可知，文章第一段引出国潮话题，第二三四段讲述了国潮的兴起，第五六段讲述了国潮的影响。故选D。
51．最佳标题题。通读全文可知文章介绍了中国国潮的兴起，所以选项A“国潮，一种新的时尚潮流”适合。故选A。
（2023·重庆大渡口·二模）Here’s a story: A man sees a butterfly. The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis（蛹）. Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help it. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. If the butterfly doesn’t try hard to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly! The difficulties develop the power in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly.
When people are young, meeting and overcoming challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful ones of them are those who have had to face the difficulties. One famous businessman who now owns many big supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Dennis. His father died when he was only twenty. His father’s death made him mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. Ho took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.
Sometimes challenges do not appear to us because we keep away from them. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams will not prepare a person for life. We must meet and overcome challenges. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. For countries to continue to be powerful, it is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them.
52．From the story we know that the butterfly can’t fly because ________.
A．the man helps it come out B．It tries to challenge itself
C．it gets out by itself D．the man feels sorry for it
53．In Paragraph 2, the writer tells us to overcome the difficulties by ________.
A．listing reasons B．giving examples C．showing numbers D．making comparison
54．The underlined word “them” in the passage refer to ________.
A．parents B．teachers C．successful people D．young people
55．What is the best title of this passage
A．Courage makes us powerful. B．Energy makes us strong.
C．Challenges bring out the best in us. D．Difficulties bring us achievement.
【答案】52．A 53．B 54．D 55．C
【导语】本文主要通过一个关于蝴蝶的故事，作者表达了困难能够激发年轻人的潜能，使他们成长和进步。
52．细节理解题。根据“He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. If the butterfly doesn’t try hard to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly!”可知，因为那个人的帮助导致蝴蝶没有经过破茧的努力，因此它不能飞，故选A。
53．细节理解题。根据“ One famous businessman who now owns many big supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Dennis”可知，第二段是通过举例说明当人们年轻时，应对和克服挑战会让他们强大而准备好面对生活，故选B。
54．词义猜测题。根据“They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on.”可知，可能会组织一些活动为年轻人提供挑战，所以“them”指代年轻人，故选D。
55．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章通过蝴蝶的故事说明年轻人需要经历挑战，激发他们的潜能，所以适合本文的标题是：挑战让我们展现最好的自己，故选C。
（2023·重庆大渡口·一模）Elephants are large animals. People have long been interested in elephants. There could be many reasons for this. They can grow over 10 feet tall and weigh as much as 14,000 pounds. These large animals eat grass, leaves and fruit. An elephant’s long teeth never stop growing. However, the most interesting thing of the elephant is its trunk.
An elephant’s trunk is strong and flexible and it can do many things. Scientists believe the elephant’s trunk may have over 40,000 muscles(肌肉). Elephants can use their trunks to pick up small pieces of fruit or move large trees. With their trunks, they can reach high up into trees to get the leaves.
Elephants use their trunks to smell. They also reach out to say hi to one another with their trunks. A baby elephant will sometimes use its trunk to hold on to its mother’s tail so it doesn’t get lost as they walk to find a new place. As it swims, an elephant can hold its trunk above the water to take in air.
Elephants can also use their trunks as straws(吸管). First, the elephant will take water into its trunk. Then, it puts the end of its trunk into its mouth to give itself a nice drink. Sometimes, elephants will use their trunks as showers. They can fill their trunks with water and spray(喷洒) themselves.
56．What does the underlined word “flexible” mean in Chinese
A．猛烈的 B．狡猾的 C．浪漫的 D．灵活的
57．Why does the elephant hold its trunk above the water according to Paragraph 3
A．To say hello to others. B．To get some water to drink.
C．To help itself breathe. D．To hold on to its mother’s tail.
58．Which of the following questions about the elephant CANNOT the passage answer
A．How heavy can the elephant grow up to B．How does the elephant shower itself
C．What can the elephant use its trunk to do D．How long are the elephant’s teeth
59．What’s the best title for the passage
A．How strong the elephant is! B．The world’s largest animal—elephant.
C．The elephant’s trunk. D．Elephant’s long and interesting teeth.
【答案】56．D 57．C 58．D 59．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了大象这种大型动物。包括它们吃什么、永远不会停止生长的象牙以及强壮和灵活鼻子，大象可以用鼻子做各种事。
56．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“…it can do many things.”及“Elephants can use their trunks to pick up small pieces of fruit or move large trees.”可知，大象能做很多事，它可以用鼻子摘很小的水果或移动很大的树木。说明大象的鼻子很灵活。从而推测划线单词的意思是“灵活的”。故选D。
57．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“As it swims, an elephant can hold its trunk above the water to take in air.”可知，大象游泳时可以把鼻子举到水面上是为了吸气。故选C。
58．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“An elephant’s long teeth never stop growing.”可知，大象的长牙永远不会停止生长，我们就不知道它的牙有多长，所以我们也就不能回答“大象的牙齿有多长？”这个问题。故选D。
59．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了大象这种大型动物。包括它们吃什么、永远不会停止生长的象牙以及强壮和灵活鼻子，大象可以用鼻子做各种事。故选B。
第II卷（非选择题）
请点击修改第II卷的文字说明2024年冲刺重庆一诊英语考试阅读理解15篇集训试题
专题 阅读理解
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）Every day after school, I usually spend time on a very popular app called Keep. Every time I open it, four words come into sight: Self discipline (自律) Brings Me Freedom.
However, self discipline for many people means suffering (痛苦) rather than pleasure. Some people are influenced by some videos to form “perfectly” shaped bodies in a strict way. And then they decide to be as self disciplined as people in these videos. But life doesn’t go the way most of us expected. For example, when the cold hits, people have to give up their exercise plans for a while. There are many difficulties preventing us from being self disciplined. Every step towards our goals brings us suffering. And sometimes the pressure we have put on ourselves only keeps making us feel worse.
I used to be sad about this, too. Later, through tries and mistakes, I found a perfect way to solve this problem: setting short term goals and going step by step. After thinking about different tasks that could make me give up, I realized that most of them shared the same thing—they brought more suffering than joy.
Why not divide a “huge” task into smaller ones to solve the problem For example, it’s hard to lose 20 kilograms in a short time. But what about 2 kilos This seems much easier to achieve and brings us less pressure. We can finally achieve the same goal. What’s more, we will get much pleasure through everyday progress. In this way, self discipline has never been suffering for me. Instead, it has become my own power.
1．For many people, self discipline will bring them ________.
A．pain B．pleasure C．experience D．freedom
2．After feeling the pressure, the writer ________.
A．shared her problems and asked for help B．tried her best to get through it
C．gave up the task for a while D．decided to lose 20 kilograms
3．The writer’s main purpose of writing the passage is to ________．
A．help us lose weight step by step B．encourage us to find more pleasure
C．ask us to keep self discipline in our life D．teach us to overcome our difficulties
4．How does the writer develop this passage
A．Express ideas→give examples→share experiences→show ways.
B．Give examples→share experiences→show ways→express ideas.
C．Share experiences→show ways→give examples→express ideas.
D．Express ideas→share experiences→give examples→show ways.
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）Coffee is popular around the world. Many people like drinking coffee to make them feel energetic. But from an environmental point of view, making coffee causes more carbon emissions (碳排放).
As we all know, climate (气候) change is a big problem. Cutting down carbon emissions is one of the most important ways to deal with it. A German company called PROBAT hopes that its newly developed hydrogen- fueled roasters (氢能烘焙机) could help to deal with carbon emissions in the coffee industry.
Thomas Koziorowski, the CTO of PROBAT, said, “The traditional making process of coffee produces a lot of CO2, and it is difficult for the coffee industry to cut down its bad influence on the environment.” __▲__, the company has been working on inventing a kind of machine that uses clean energy for years. And the company believes that green hydrogen (氢气) is the future of coffee roasting because it is the clean energy with near- zero carbon emissions.
Using hydrogen- fueled roasters is one of the best ways for the coffee industry to cut down carbon emissions. However, there are also some challenges. For example, the machine uses hydrogen from renewable energy like wind power. But whether there will be enough renewable energy to make hydrogen is a big problem. After all, the more hydrogen is needed, the more renewable energy is needed to produce green hydrogen. Therefore, we should use more clean energy and protect the environment.
5．The hydrogen- fueled roasters are developed to ________．
A．save more energy B．make less carbon emissions
C．change the way of making coffee D．improve the taste of coffee
6．Which of the following can be put in the __▲__
A．To increase different kinds of fuels
B．To cut down the cost of making coffee
C．To let their products become more famous
D．To solve the environmental problem
7．The underlined word “renewable” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．可替代的 B．可储存的 C．可依赖的 D．可再生的
8．You may read the passage in the ________ part of a newspaper.
A．culture B．health C．science D．business
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）A “slow train” in southwest China with its own study room has attracted (吸引) much attention on the Internet. The “slow train” No. 5609/5610, which runs between Chongqing and Xiushan, provides students with a good learning environment while enjoying the beautiful views along the way.
In the carriages (车厢), some seats have been replaced by desks and chairs next to the windows to turn them into “study carriages” for passengers in need.
In addition to No. 5609/5610, other “slow trains” have been improved with “study carriages”, too. People from nearby schools often take the trains between schools and homes. They are the children’s best choice, and many students use the travel time to finish their homework.
On the train No. Z150, a new “book bar” carriage has been welcomed by college students. There are nearly 400 schools along the line, making the train No. Z150 the first choice for most students from those schools. Since 2015, the train’s dining car has been open for free at night to provide returning students with free tea and other services. These small but kind actions are a welcome comfort for students in need of a relaxing place to continue their studies.
9．The main passengers of the “slow trains” are ________.
A．visitors B．students C．foreigners D．officers
10．The seats have been changed into desks and chairs to ________.
A．make good use of the space B．attract passengers’ attention
C．provide places for learning D．make the space comfortable
11．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”.
A．the beautiful views B．the study carriages
C．the slow trains D．the nearby schools
12．Which of following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The train No. Z150 is popular among college students.
B．No. 5609/5610 runs between Chengdu and Xiushan.
C．The “slow trains” are the best trains for students to take.
D．The dining car of No. Z150 provides free meals for passengers.
（23-24九年级下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）If you’ve ever walked through fog (雾), you might have noticed that your skin and hair get wet. This is because fog is made of tiny water drops. Scientists are helping people collect these drops to make drinking water.
In some towns, there is no fresh water. People there have to use trucks to carry fresh water. It is expensive.
Since rain falls to the ground, it can easily be collected into tanks (冰箱). But the water drops that make up fog don’t hit the ground. Instead, they float (漂浮) in the air. To turn fog into water, you have to catch the water drops.
A fog catcher is made of nets with two posts. The nets are usually set up on a hilltop. As fog passes by, the nets catch the water drops. The drops run down the nets and into channels. The channels lead the water into large tanks where it can be stored. A fog catcher can collect 10,000 liters of water a day. Scientists have helped set up fog catchers for towns in Chile, Nepal and Mexico.
Fog catchers are a great way for people in small and lonely towns to have their own fresh water. Centuries before scientists created fog-catching nets, nature was making fog into water on its own. As fog passed through the mountains, large leaves got the drops just like the nets do. People learned to drink the water collected on the leaves. Thanks to modern fog catchers, enough water can be made for a whole town!
13．What does the world “It” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Trucks’ carrying. B．Rain collecting.
C．Fog catching. D．Water collecting.
14．What is a fog catcher made of
A．Tanks. B．Leaves. C．Nets. D．Posts.
15．Centuries ago people learned to drink the water collected ________.
A．in channels B．on the nets C．on the leaves D．in trucks
16．Where might the passage come from
A．A storybook. B．A science magazine.
C．A travel book. D．A crime fiction.
（23-24九年级下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Having a picnic is one of the great pleased activities in summer. There are somethings you should think about.
Packing (打包) your foods
Before you set off, check if your foot box is shut closely. If it’s a hot summer’s day, then a cool box will be useful for keeping your picnic foods. Don’t forget to pack cups or bottles for drinks.
Food safety
You should keep things like meat pies, fish and dairy dishes in cold boxes. You’d better keep your food on ice for as long as possible before you eat them. Finally, carry some hand sanitizers (洗手液). Make sure that everyone’s hands are clean before they touch the food.
Delicious snacks
After you have prepared the main dishes, it’s time to pack some snacks. Chips, chocolate candies and cookies are considered great picnic snacks. They’re very delicious, of course, but be careful not to eat too much of them.
17．What should you do first before going out for a picnic from the article
A．Eat sandwiches. B．Carry some hand sanitizers. C．Make sure the food boxes shut closely.
18．What do you pack for drinks
A．Cups. B．Boxes. C．Chopsticks.
19．What is the article mainly about
A．Making a picnic. B．Enjoying a picnic. C．Preparing a picnic.
（23-24九年级下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Throughout China’s National Day holiday of 2023, about 50,000 tourists gathered daily in the fish village of Xunpu in Fujian. They dressed themselves in different kinds of costumes, ranging from horse-face skirts to Dai ethnic clothing, yet all of them wore colorful flowers.
The tradition of wearing flowers has been a part of Xunpu women’s lives since the Tang and Yuan dynasties. The locals believe that if you “put flowers in your hair in this life, and you’ll also be pretty in the after-life”.
▲ Children aged eight to twelve wear flowers on both sides of their temples (太阳穴). Teenagers, around the age of thirteen, decorate their round bun-like hair with fresh flowers. Middle-aged women usually style their hair in a spiral bun (螺旋发髻) with both flowers and gold hair decorations (装饰). When it comes to elderly women, a red headscarf, alongside red flowers and head decorations, is preferred. The tradition of flower-wearing among Xunpu women has been recognized as part of China’s intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Even though the tradition in Xunpu is believed to come from foreign countries, the flower decoration culture has deep roots in China. The earliest record can be found in the Record on Travel to Nanyue (南越行纪) by Lu Jia from the Han Dynasty, which mentioned women in the state of Nanyue used to adorn themselves with threaded jasmine (茉莉花).
In addition to its decoration purpose, flower decoration carries a deeper meaning of blessing. During the Han dynasty, people, including men, wore cornels (山茱萸) as a means to get rid of bad spirits and wish for long life during the Double Ninth Festival, a tradition Chinese festival that celebrates the elders.
The culture to wear flowers changes with historical development, the flower-wearing traditions of Xunpu women have remained to the present day, symbolizing Xunpu women’s hopes for a better life.
20．What does the word “adorn” mean in Paragraph 4
A．喜爱 B．装扮 C．描绘 D．馈赠
21．Which sentence can be put into ▲
A．How to wear flowers is different according to the wearer’s age.
B．However, the custom of men wearing flowers did not last long.
C．Competitions for women in designing flower hairstyles are popular.
D．Xunpu locals traditionally send out invitation cards with beautiful flowers.
22．Who wears flowers properly according to the passage
A．Lily, 8 years old, decorates her round bun-like hair with fresh flowers.
B．Jenny, 15 years old, wears flowers on both sides of their temples.
C．Anna, 30 years old, decorates her spiral bun with flowers.
D．Amy, 65 years old, wears red headscarf with golden flowers.
23．What can you infer from the passage
A．Both men and women could wear flowers in the past.
B．Xunpu women may keep the tradition of wearing flowers in the future.
C．Xunpu is the first place to have the tradition of flower decoration.
D．The earliest record of flower decoration can date back to Tang dynasty.
（2024·重庆彭水·一模）①Do you know the dragon and Kun I think most of you must know the dragon, because it is one of the symbols of China. But probably very few people know about the Kun. It is a fish from ancient Chinese stories. The fish is huge and lives in the northern sea. Kunlong AG600, the Chinese made large amphibious aircraft (水陆两栖飞机), was named after these two symbols. The meaning of the name is to fly into the high sky like a dragon and go down to the deep sea like a Kun.
②On February 25, 2023, the fourth AG600M firefighting aircraft prototype (消防飞机原型机), belonging to the AG600 large amphibious aircraft family, carried out its first flight (飞行) in Zhuhai. During the 17 -minute flight, the aircraft carried out some planned flight test subjects. And it performed very well. The successful flight of the aircraft showed the start of test flights of all four AG600M aircraft prototypes.
③As a member of the AG600 aircraft family, the AG600M has been developed as a piece of important aeronautical equipment (航空设备) to make China’s ability to save people in dangerous situations stronger. It can be used in putting out forest fires, doing sea search and other tasks.
④The AG600 aircraft family made great progress in 2022, especially both aircraft development and market exploration (开拓). The year of 2023 is the key to the development of aircraft. A number of flight tests and ground tests are planned this year to make sure that the AG600M is able to put out fires.
⑤It will be useful for emergency saving and prevention systems. Let’s wait and see.
24．The name of Kunlong has a meaning of ________ like a Kun.
A．living in the southern sea B．flying into the high sky
C．swimming in the river D．going down to the deep sea
25．The aircraft prototype’s first flight took place in ________.
A．Fujian Province B．Guangdong Province
C．Hainan Province D．Guangxi Province
26．We can infer from this passage that ________.
A．the AG600M can be used for emergency saving and prevention systems
B．it was difficult for the AG600M to carry out its first flight
C．the AG600 belongs to the AG600M amphibious aircraft family
D．the AG600 aircraft family made great progress three years ago
27．The structure (结构) of the passage is ________.
A． B．
C． D．
（23-24九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets The lions dance to the beat of a drum (鼓). Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costumes (服饰). Lion dancing first started in China centuries ago. It is meant to bring good luck in the coming year.
Usually, a lion is made up of two dancers. One dancer controls the head. The other controls the tail.
“I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club. Anthony performs (表演) as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really lifts me up,” he says.
In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. LionDanceMe is a lion dancing group in San Francisco, California. There are boys and girls on its team. They dance together. “Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl.
Lion dancing will continue to evolve. But a team’s sense of community will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says, “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs. ”
28．Why do people perform lion dancing
A．To sell lion-dancing costumes. B．To protect the lions in the wild.
C．To wish for a lucky new year. D．To show skills of playing the drum.
29．Which role does Anthony play in lion dancing
A．The lion’s head.B．The lion’s tail. C．The drummer. D．The dresser.
30．What does the underlined word “evolve” mean
A．延期 B．模仿 C．举办 D．演变
31．What can we infer (推断) from Ananda’s words “We call it a family” in the last paragraph
A．They bring happiness to the family. B．They call lion dancing a family game.
C．They support each other like a family. D．They live together in a big family.
（23-24九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）You are running around in the park. But then suddenly, you fall and hurt yourself. “Ow!” you cry. This sound is very familiar to us all. Crying out when we get hurt is a natural reaction. But what is it about this sound that makes us shout it out
Scientists from the National University of Singapore now believe they’ve found the answer. The effort of shouting the word “ow” actually interferes (干预) with pain messages traveling to the brain. So by shouting it out, it distracts us from the feeling of pain.
The scientists tested how long volunteers could hold their hands in very cold water. There were five rounds of the test. In the first round, they were allowed to shout “ow” when they felt pain. In another round, they had to stay silent.
The results showed that volunteers were able to keep their hands in the cold water for longer when they were allowed to shout out. They managed around 30 seconds on average, five seconds more than when they had to remain silent.
“We found that a simple vocal act such as saying ‘ow’ helps individuals deal with pain,” the report from the scientists stated.
What’s more, expressions of pain are shared among languages. While cries of “ow” or “ouch” are heard in English, South Africans yell “eina”, Italians shout “ahia” and Chinese “aiyo”.
Scientists said in the report: “Shared among these languages is a sound during which the mouth simply opens, the tongue lies flat (水平的) and the lips unrounded. It is a simple sound that requires little control while maximizing (充分利用) the volume.” So these sounds are useful to shout if we feel pain.
32．What does the underlined word “distracts” mean in Paragraph 2
A．表达 B．分散 C．增加 D．消失
33．According to the passage, the scientists found ________.
A．pain messages don’t travel to the brain
B．a simple sound such as saying “ow” makes people happy
C．people in different countries express pain in the same language
D．shouting out “ow” reduces the feeling of pain
34．What do we know about the test
A．Volunteers were allowed to shout out in every round.
B．Volunteers felt less pain when they weren’t allowed to shout out.
C．Volunteers stayed longer in cold water in the first round than in the second.
D．Volunteers all shouted the “ow” sound out in the test.
35．What is the passage mainly about
A．Any language is more exciting when we feel pain.
B．Shouting out is useful and helpful if you feel pain.
C．We should shout every day to stay healthy.
D．People shout to better express their feelings.
（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Candy is smart, talented and really nice. As a team leader, she wishes Frank, a member of her politics project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize （批评） him, only to find that Frank kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, while Frank himself complained that he was not treated fairly.
How did poor Candy get into this mess The primary reason was that Candy failed in a key part of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback（反馈）for team members. This isn’t simply a duty but a correctness.
Failing to question or criticize Frank’s work, Candy was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Frank. They’re just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Candy didn’t bring out a gift in Frank.
A leader had better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback to help solve someone’s best fit in their job or in the organization. This method also avoids surprises. It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. Maybe it serves them right, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard （猝不及防） because they would have been receiving open, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.
Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback People always like to be liked, so they avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness. But that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. If you just only like to be liked, the chance of being respected is really low. However, you have a chance of being liked. Of course, the most difficult part for a nice leader is criticizing someone.
Back to Candy’s case. Not telling Frank how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have led her team to success and have been a likeable and critical leader.
36．The word “gift” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ________”.
A．present B．ability C．pride D．praise
37．According to this article, what is necessary between leaders and team members
A．Being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect.
B．Criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader.
C．Open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members.
D．Praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance.
38．Based on the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．Candy should patiently encourage Frank to try his best.
B．Candy should gradually kick Frank off her team.
C．Candy should politely show Frank the improvement he made.
D．Candy should clearly tell Frank her judgment of his performance.
39．What is the best title of the passage
A．Become a Good Leader B．Set a Good Team
C．Frank’s problem D．Cindy’s Worry
（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Do you have good friends Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you
It turns out that this isn’t just an expression. A study has found that you and your friends have more genes （基因） in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.
1% of genes may not sound like much to us, but to geneticists it is a larger number. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution （进化） that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility （易感性）, giving them a better chance to stay alive.
Among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With these findings, researchers have developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”.
It can help tell how likely two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance （提前） who your friends are going to be.
40．What does the author mean by saying “It turns out that this isn’t just an expression”
A．Friends look like our cousin.
B．Friends share 1% of genes with us.
C．Friends feel close to our family.
D．Friends can help us when we feel cold.
41．The writer takes the example of ancient people in Paragraph 5 to ________.
A．study how ancient people dealt with the cold
B．predict that similar environments lead to friendship
C．prove that it is evolution that brings friends together
D．explain why ancient people gave each other chance to keep alive
42．According to this passage, what is the right relationship
A．Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes → Become friends
B．Same Genes → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Become friends
C．Same Genes → Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies
D．Become friends → Evolve same skills and hobbies → Same Genes
43．You decide to use the “friendship score” described in the article to make an App based on the purpose of the score. What’s the best name for your new App
A．Hello Gene! B．Gene Test C．Green Finder D．Gene Friends
（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）
If you can keep your friends when all about you are losing theirs and wondering why;
If you can believe in yourself when others don’t, and believe in your friends too;
If you can be patient and learn to wait, but not force others to wait for you;
If you can listen to the advice of others, △;
If you can see problems as things that can improve, and meet them without fear;
If you can speak the truth always, and give those you love your help;
If you can learn from the times you have won, but learn too from the times you lost;
If you spend time making things right for others, and let them help you in return.
If you can stay true to your friends in the face of trouble, yours will be a truly wonderful life,
Because you will have the comfort that you did for your friends and made the best of the friends you had.
I was given the idea to write this poem by the very famous poem IF by Rudyard Kipling. Considered one of the great English writers, Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born in India in 1865 and educated in England but returned to India in 1882. At the time of his birth, his parents, just arrived in India from British Empire. The family lived well, and Kipling was especially close to his mother. However, Kipling’s life was torn (撕裂) apart when his mother, wanting her son to receive a formal British education, sent him to Southern, England where he attended school and lived with a foster (收养的) family. He was beaten and treated badly by his foster mother. In later life two of his children died. All these events affected Kipling deeply. But they made him a stronger and better person. He wanted to overcome these problems and not let them overcome him. He must have been a very good friend to have.
In 1907 he accepted the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first Englishman to be so honored.
44．Which of the following can be probably put in △
A．yet decide for yourself what is right
B．and accept them without thinking twice
C．but never accept others’ opinion
D．and always turn them down at once
45．This writer wrote this poem most probably to ________.
A．give people some advice B．remember Rudyard Kipling
C．introduce Rudyard Kipling’s poem D．show us how to write a poem
46．Kipling’s parents sent him away because ________.
A．his parents just arrived in India
B．his mother wanted him to get British education
C．his parents found him a great foster family
D．they moved back to England
47．What words can we use to describe Kipling
A．Unlucky but open-minded. B．Happy and strong.
C．Unlucky but strong-minded. D．Stronger and better.
（2023·重庆大渡口·二模）①Walking around the city, you will see girls wearing hanfu on the underground or people wearing T-shirt with Chinese characters in the streets. A new trend（潮流）is getting popular in China. It’s guochao or China-Chic. Guochao adds traditional Chinese culture into products, and it shows the rise of China’s native fashion（时尚）.
②Guochao got people’s attention in 2018. Before that, the market was controlled by foreign companies. There were few Chinese brands. To win the market share, many Chinese brands followed the footsteps of these western brands. In 2018, Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning made changes to the situation. It introduced its Wu Dao collection to the world. The collection not only looked fashionable, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It quickly caught people’s attention at home and abroad. And it created amazing sales.
③Later, many Chinese brands, from food, drinks and clothing to mobile phones and cars, started to add Chinese culture into their products. Even the film and music industries made every effort to create Chinese styles. “We want our products to be the ones that young people would like to share”, they said.
④These brands got what they wanted. Young people gradually converted their attention from western culture to guochao. They accepted it with pleasure. What’s more they started to develop interest in traditional Chinese art and literature. Now they wear traditional clothes, practice Chinese calligraphy（书法）and play Chinese musical instruments. Some of them are working together to spread Chinese culture to people around the world.
⑤At the same time, people of different ages start to choose products “made in China”. According to a survey, 68% Chinese people prefer Chinese brands. Among them, 62% say they are open to international brands, but local brands remain the first choice.
⑥No matter how guochao develops, there is one thing that won’t change—people’s confidence in our country’s development and culture is growing.
48．What can we learn about Chinese brand Li Ning from Paragraph 2
A．It increased the world market share before 2018.
B．It always followed the footsteps of foreign brands.
C．It started the trend of guochao around the world.
D．It spent lots of time creating products with Chinese elements.
49．The underlined word “converted” can be replaced by “________”.
A．changed B．developed C．started D．improved
50．Which is the structure of the passage
A．①-②-③④⑤-⑥ B．①-②③-④⑤-⑥
C．①-②③④-⑤-⑥ D．①-②③④-⑤⑥
51．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Guochao, A New Fashion Trend B．Young People’s Special Love
C．The Advantages of Local Brands D．The Development of Chinese Brands
（2023·重庆大渡口·二模）Here’s a story: A man sees a butterfly. The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis（蛹）. Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help it. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. If the butterfly doesn’t try hard to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly! The difficulties develop the power in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly.
When people are young, meeting and overcoming challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful ones of them are those who have had to face the difficulties. One famous businessman who now owns many big supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Dennis. His father died when he was only twenty. His father’s death made him mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. Ho took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.
Sometimes challenges do not appear to us because we keep away from them. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams will not prepare a person for life. We must meet and overcome challenges. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. For countries to continue to be powerful, it is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them.
52．From the story we know that the butterfly can’t fly because ________.
A．the man helps it come out B．It tries to challenge itself
C．it gets out by itself D．the man feels sorry for it
53．In Paragraph 2, the writer tells us to overcome the difficulties by ________.
A．listing reasons B．giving examples C．showing numbers D．making comparison
54．The underlined word “them” in the passage refer to ________.
A．parents B．teachers C．successful people D．young people
55．What is the best title of this passage
A．Courage makes us powerful. B．Energy makes us strong.
C．Challenges bring out the best in us. D．Difficulties bring us achievement.
（2023·重庆大渡口·一模）Elephants are large animals. People have long been interested in elephants. There could be many reasons for this. They can grow over 10 feet tall and weigh as much as 14,000 pounds. These large animals eat grass, leaves and fruit. An elephant’s long teeth never stop growing. However, the most interesting thing of the elephant is its trunk.
An elephant’s trunk is strong and flexible and it can do many things. Scientists believe the elephant’s trunk may have over 40,000 muscles(肌肉). Elephants can use their trunks to pick up small pieces of fruit or move large trees. With their trunks, they can reach high up into trees to get the leaves.
Elephants use their trunks to smell. They also reach out to say hi to one another with their trunks. A baby elephant will sometimes use its trunk to hold on to its mother’s tail so it doesn’t get lost as they walk to find a new place. As it swims, an elephant can hold its trunk above the water to take in air.
Elephants can also use their trunks as straws(吸管). First, the elephant will take water into its trunk. Then, it puts the end of its trunk into its mouth to give itself a nice drink. Sometimes, elephants will use their trunks as showers. They can fill their trunks with water and spray(喷洒) themselves.
56．What does the underlined word “flexible” mean in Chinese
A．猛烈的 B．狡猾的 C．浪漫的 D．灵活的
57．Why does the elephant hold its trunk above the water according to Paragraph 3
A．To say hello to others. B．To get some water to drink.
C．To help itself breathe. D．To hold on to its mother’s tail.
58．Which of the following questions about the elephant CANNOT the passage answer
A．How heavy can the elephant grow up to B．How does the elephant shower itself
C．What can the elephant use its trunk to do D．How long are the elephant’s teeth
59．What’s the best title for the passage
A．How strong the elephant is! B．The world’s largest animal—elephant.
C．The elephant’s trunk. D．Elephant’s long and interesting teeth