2024年中考英语（阅读理解之说明文）题型练习(安徽专用)（含解析）

阅读理解之说明文
(中考真题+名校最新真题)
（2023·安徽·中考真题）What makes you fall asleep The main cause is your body clock, a time-keeper inside your body. But how to control and use your body clock Scientists suggested having a shower before bed. Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better.
A warm shower helps you relax, and then after it warms you up, your core（核心）body temperature drops. This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly.
A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep. After people lie down, most of them take about 20 minutes to fall asleep. However, if you have a shower one to two hours before going to bed, you will fall asleep 10 minutes earlier.
Core body temperature drops naturally before you sleep, then drops further during the night. It rises again as you wake up. It is thought that taking a warm shower will speed up the drop in temperature before bed, as it brings blood to the surface of the body, and then the heat is given off.
1．What did scientists suggest people do before bed to sleep better
A．Sleep an hour earlier. B．Jump into bed.
C．Have a warm shower. D．Set a time clock.
2．What does the underlined word “soundly” probably mean
A．Deeply. B．Poorly. C．Kindly. D．Slowly.
3．Which water temperature produces the best-quality sleep according to the study
A．44.2℃ B．41.5℃ C．36.4℃ D．32.4℃
4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the text
A．Art. B．Weather. C．History. D．Health.
（2023·安徽·中考真题）
In Dengfeng today, there are more than 50,000 students learning kung fu, a traditional art in China. They come to learn it for many reasons. Some hope to become film stars. Others come to learn skills that will help them
get good jobs in future. A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work.
“Attracting （吸引）new students to traditional kung fu has become a problem,” says Hu Zhengsheng, who teaches it at a small school in Dengfeng. Hu fears that his art will soon die out. “It’s hard to convince（说服）kids to spend many years here, because the life of kung fu learners is not easy or interesting,” he says.
Hu’s students have to sleep in unheated rooms and keep training hard outside whatever the temperature. To learn kung fu well they must have a strong will and learn respect（尊重）as well.
For old traditions to live on, the young must learn and pass them down. Recently, to attract new students, Hu has brought some changes into his kung fu lessons to make them lively and interesting. Hopefully, more and more students will show interest in learning kung fu.
5．What does “it” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to（指的是）
A．Kung fu. B．Film. C．Self-control. D．Chinese.
6．What does Hu Zhengsheng fear
A．His students don’t respect him. B．He cannot work at a large school.
C．His art cannot be passed down. D．There aren’t enough kung fu teachers.
7．What has Hu done to attract new students’
A．He has offered better living conditions. B．He has given jobs to their parents.
C．He has promised them a better future. D．He has made changes in his lessons.
（2022·安徽·中考真题）
The night sky is our earliest library. There, we stored our knowledge, and passed it down around the fire, before we invented the written word.
I remember going to the local university for an astronomy (天文学) night when I was a child. That night, I saw Saturn, one of the planets, and its rings with my own eyes for the first time. The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head. It was right there, and you were a part of it. That moment is priceless.
While starlight is good, light pollution here on Earth can be a real problem. For the past 200 years or so, we
have used too much electricity (电) to make the night brighter. However, brighter doesn’t usually mean better, especially when a lot of that light shines up into the sky where no one needs it.
Luckily, some cities have taken actions, like setting up new downward-directing lights along the streets. I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting, so that more of us can watch the night sky in a way humans have for thousands of years.
8．What is the night sky compared to
A．A book. B．The earth. C．A library. D．The universe.
9．How did the writer find the astronomy night
A．It opened his eyes. B．It controlled his mind.
C．It was a real problem. D．It took him too much time.
10．What does the writer hope for
A．A brighter night. B．Less use of lighting.
C．More personal space. D．A better education.
（2022·安徽·中考真题）A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.
It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.
Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants.
“It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr Benz Kotzen, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.”
11．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指的是)
A．The future. B．The project. C．The land. D．The planet.
12．What makes it difficult to farm on Mars
A．Ice below the surface. B．Too much fish waste.
C．The missing of living things. D．The poor land condition.
13．How does Dr Benz Kotzen feel about Feeding Mars
A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Funny.
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Many people believe sex (性别) influences interests and jobs. For example, boys do math better than girls, while girls are better at learning languages. We usually think this is because of the difference in how boys’and girls’ brains work. But is it really true
According to past studies, some parts of our brains can be different in size. Scientists used to think these differences might influence how well men and women think and do things. They found this by scanning (扫描) people’s brains. However, in most of the studies, researchers only scanned a few people. In fact, to make such research believable, you would have to scan the brains of 1,000 people at least.
In 2021, the UK Biobank scanned the brains of 40,000 people in the UK, providing new ideas.“It showed differences between men and women in the size of certain brain parts. However, these differences were very small. We could not get a real result from them.”Camillie Williams from the University of Texas, told New Scientist.
Also, our brains might change in size according to our life experiences. For example, if part of a man’s brain which is for doing math, is larger than that of a woman. It is possibly because he takes jobs that often use math skills. So brain differences between men and women could be a result of different roles in life and society. So, what can we do to make our brains work better
14．In many people’s opinion, what influences interests and jobs
A．Sex. B．Education. C．Health. D．Language.
15．What does the writer think of the past studies
A．The methods in the studies were wrong.
B．The number of scanned brains is not enough.
C．They help men and women know themselves better.
D．The results from the past studies were very believable.
16．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．Differences in the brain greatly influence people’s lives.
B．Some parts of our brains ean be totally different in their sizes.
C．The UK Biobank has done the best study and provided new ideas.
D．Different brain sizes of people aren’t big enough to make a difference.
17．What will the writer talk about next
A．Advice of making brains work better.
B．Different opinions about the study result.
C．Influences of the different life experiences.
D．Future development of the UK Biobank research.
（2024·安徽六安·一模）An apology (道歉) means one person has realized that an action was wrong and hurtful. No matter what they are apologizing for, if they hurt someone, then saying sorry is the first step. Teaching kids how to apologize is an important skill.
Why should we teach our kids to say sorry
Since everyone makes mistakes, learning to apologize is one necessary part of growing up. There are many reasons why this is so important:
◆Saying sorry is a valuable social skill.
◆It helps kids know their mistakes.
◆It helps them feel better about themselves.
Why do kids find it difficult to apologize
There are several reasons why kids may find it difficult to apologize:
◆Lack of understanding.
◆Feeling ashamed or embarrassed.
Should we force a kid to apologize
When it comes to forcing your children to apologize, it probably won’t solve anything. In fact, forcing kids to apologize is training them to lie. Think about your own mistakes. If someone forced you to apologize, would you want to Children are the same way.
Don’t force children to apologize. When something that needs an apology happens, ask open-ended questions to help them come to a conclusion (结论) on their own.
18．Which of the following isn’t the reason why we should teach our kids to apologize
A．It is a valuable social skill. B．It helps kids know their mistakes.
C．It makes kids feel embarrassed. D．It helps kids feel better about themselves.
19．How does the writer tell us not to force kids to apologize
A．By explaining the differences. B．By comparing.
C．By listing numbers. D．By telling one of his/her own stories.
20．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Teaching kids how to apologize. B．Saying sorry bravely.
C．Communicating with kids. D．Forcing kids to say sorry.
（2024·安徽合肥·二模）The Double Ninth Festival, also named the “Chong Yang Festival”, is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.
There are some traditional activities on the Double Ninth Festival in ancient times. People usually climbed mountains, because they believed that it could help them avoid disaster and illness. People also enjoyed the beauty of chrysanthemum (菊花) and drank chrysanthemum wine on that day. The ninth lunar month is the time when chrysanthemums are in full bloom, and chrysanthemums symbolize long lives. Cornel (茱萸), famous in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is widely planted in the north and south of China. Ancient people believed that wearing cornel twigs on the Double Ninth Festival could help prevent illnesses and avoid disasters.
Since then, to avoid evil spirits and bad luck, climbing mountains, drinking chrysanthemum wine and wearing cornel twigs have been the traditional activities on the Double Ninth Festival. In 1989, the Chinese government set the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors’ Day (老年节), encouraging people to respect, take good care of and love the seniors around the country.
Nowadays, the Double Ninth Festival is also a time to get together with the family, do some exercise and enjoy the autumn scenery with friends.
21．What did people usually do in ancient times on the Double Ninth Festival
A．Making wine. B．Climbing mountains.
C．Enjoying cornel. D．Planting chrysanthemum.
22．Why did the Chinese government set the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors’ Day
A．To encourage people to enjoy the beauty of nature.
B．To encourage people to talk with old people.
C．To encourage people to love and care about old people.
D．To encourage people to get together with the family.
23．In which part of the newspaper can you read this passage
A．Culture. B．Sports. C．Travel. D．Nature.
（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Harbin, located in northeastern China, is known for its cold winters and ice sculptures. Over the years, the city has changed itself into a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world to its annual Ice and Snow Festival.
According to He Jing, the director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Harbin’s tourism achievement this year is not just a coincidence (巧合), but the result of careful preparation. Since the beginning of 2023, the city has been developing plans to improve the tourism industry and attract the attention online. She stated, “We stand in the shoes of tourists”. We pay special attention to the comments under the videos they post on the Internet. Whatever the tourists complain about, we take immediate action to improve.
He Jing said, “We want to meet the needs of tourists with all the small details”. For tourists who are not used to cold weather, Harbin has set up many warm places and provides free hot drinks and dumplings. Local food frozen pears are cut into flower shapes for easy consumption by tourists. The city even placed a large man-made moon above the Saint Sophia Cathedral (圣索菲亚大教堂) for tourists to take photos.
Touched by these small details, tourists share their heartwarming moments online, attracting more tourists to the city and taking Harbin to the top of hot topics on the Internet. These details have not only improved Harbin’s tourism industry but also allowed more tourists to experience the city’s charm and warmth.
24．What do you know from paragraph 2
A．Harbin’s tourism boom this year is just a coincidence.
B．Harbin makes efforts to attract tourists on the Internet.
C．Harbin prepares many shoes for tourists.
D．Harbin doesn’t pay attention to comments under the videos.
25．Why does Harbin pay attention to all the small details for tourists
A．To make them feel surprised. B．To let them enjoy the moon.
C．To attract them to take photos. D．To respect and satisfy them.
26．What local food in Harbin is mentioned in the passage
A．Hot drinks. B．Frozen flowers. C．Frozen pears. D．Dumplings.
27．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Harbin’s winter attractions. B．Harbin’s cold weather.
C．Harbin’s tourism industry growth. D．Harbin’s local food.
（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Do you feel lonely when your best friends are not around It’s common, but do you
know how to build new relationships with classmates around you Here’s some helpful advice to you.Adjust your mood
It’s hard when best friends aren’t by your side, maybe because they moved to different schools or different classes. You may feel left out during breaks or lunchtime. You want to make new friends, but how do you find them Maybe it seems like everybody else already has friends. But remember, there are always chances for you to make new friends.Take the first step to make new friends
Start by looking around your classroom. Think about which kids you’d like to play with during break. Look for chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Share something interesting or express your appreciation to them, which will make them happy. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here ” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, may I join you ” or just join in.Ask your teachers for help
If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching people up. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Being kind, being friendly, sharing, saying good things, giving help pretty soon, you’ll have one, two or even more new friends.
You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other again, you can share something you didn’t have before he or she left. You can introduce him or her to your new friends!
28．What does the writer advise doing when your best friends are not around
A．Making new friends. B．Asking teachers for help.
C．Going to visit them. D．Moving to a new school.
29．What does the underlined word “appreciation” probably mean
A．Praise. B．Surprise. C．Sadness. D．Anger.
30．Which is the good way to take the first step
A．Breaking others when they are talking. B．Joining others and play with them.
C．Inviting all the kids to have lunch. D．Introducing new friends to your parents.
31．Why does the writer write this passage
A．To help kids solve study problems. B．To advise kids to ask teachers for help.
C．To help kids create new relationships. D．To help kids keep in touch with best friends.
（2024·安徽滁州·二模）Why are some people successful and others aren’t What’s the secret of success
You can get the answers in Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers.
Gladwell thinks practice makes you good. The “10,000-hour rule” is central to the book. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours, about three hours a day for 10 years. For example, the Beatles practised playing music in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time.
Gladwell also thinks that intelligence (智力) alone will not lead to success. Christopher Langan, who is mentioned in the book, got an IQ of between 195 and 210. As a boy at school, Langan passed an exam in a foreign language after looking through a text book for three minutes. But Langan never made any achievements his whole life. This shows that besides intelligence, you need hard work, support and chances.
However, it isn’t just a question of time and support. According to the book, you still need luck. Of course, many people say that you can create your own “luck” if you’re active enough.
So, are you putting in the hours Carry on! You could get lucky!
32．Why did the writer ask questions in the first paragraph
A．To ask others for help. B．To list some examples.
C．To draw readers’ attention. D．To introduce successful people.
33．How long do you need to practise something in order to succeed
A．3 hours. B．10 years. C．4 years. D．10,000 hours.
34．What can we learn from Christopher Langan
A．Intelligence alone will not lead to success.
B．Success has nothing to do with hard work.
C．Whether we will succeed depends on our IQ.
D．We can learn a foreign language well in minutes.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了控制和使用的生物钟的一个方法——在睡觉前一小时左右洗一个热水澡能帮助人们睡觉。
1．细节理解题。根据“Jumping into the shower around an hour before bed could mean you sleep better”可知，建议睡觉前冲个澡，故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据“This encourages you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly.”可知，能让你更快地入睡，睡得更香，所以划线单词与deeply词义相近，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“A study in 2019 said that a water temperature of 40℃ to 42. 4℃ produces the best-quality（最优质的）sleep”可知，40到42℃的水温能产生最优质的睡眠，故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了在睡觉前一小时左右洗一个热水澡能帮助人们睡觉，与健康有关，故选D。
5．A 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文主要学生们学习功夫的原因，以及吸引学生们来学习传统功夫成了一个问题，以及想出的解决办法。
5．词义猜测题。根据“In Dengfeng today, there are more than 50,000 students learning kung fu, a traditional art in China. They come to learn it for many reasons”可知，此处指学习功夫的原因有很多，所以it指代Kung fu，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据“Hu fears that his art will soon die out”可知，担心他的艺术很快就会消亡，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“Recently, to attract new students, Hu has brought some changes into his kung fu lessons to make them lively and interesting”可知，为了吸引新学员，在功夫课上做了一些改变，使其生动有趣，故选D。
8．C 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了现在夜晚灯光太多，造成了光污染，作者希望人们能够采取行动，减少不必要灯光，减少光污染。
8．细节理解题。根据“The night sky is our earliest library”可知作者把夜空比作了图书馆。故
选C。
9．推理判断题。根据“The rings shone bright against the blackness of space and suddenly the universe (宇宙) wasn’t something that you only read about or imagined in your head”可知这些光环在黑暗的太空中闪耀着光芒，突然之间，宇宙不再是只能在脑海中阅读或想象的东西，由此可推知那天晚上拓宽了作者的视野。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“I hope that more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting”可知作者希望更多的城市加入并继续控制不必要的照明。故选B。
11．B 12．D 13．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍“喂养火星”这一项目。
11．推理判断题。根据“The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.”可知，这个项目被称为“喂养火星”，它试图利用水、鱼和鱼的废物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。 此处it指的是“喂养火星”这个项目，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need”可知，火星上的土地缺少生物所需的营养物质，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本茨·科岑博士认为人们预计可以在火星上种植很多食物，甚至可以捕鱼，所以他认为这个项目是非常有前景和希望的。故选A。
14．A 15．B 16．D 17．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于大脑性别差异的一些研究及结论。
14．细节理解题。根据“Many people believe sex (性别) influences interests and jobs.”可知，许多人认为性别会影响兴趣和工作。故选A。
15．观点态度题。根据“However, in most of the studies, researchers only scanned a few people. In fact, to make such research believable, you would have to scan the brains of 1,000 people at least.”可知，在大多数研究中，研究人员只扫描了少数人；事实上，要使这样的研究可信，至少需要扫描1000人的大脑。由此推知作者认为研究扫描的大脑数量是不够的。故选B。
16．段落大意题。根据“However, these differences were very small. We could not get a real result from them.”可知，男性和女性在大脑某些部位的大小上存在差异，但这些差异非常小，所以无法从这些细小的差异中得到真正的结果；由此推知本段说明了不同人的大脑大小并不大到足以产生差异。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据“So, what can we do to make our brains work better ”可知，我们能做些什么来让我们的大脑更好地工作呢；由此推知作者接下来会给出一些让大脑更好地工作的建议。故选A。
18．C 19．B 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小孩应该勇于为自己做错的事道歉。
18．细节理解题。根据“There are many reasons why this is so important:”可知，勇于道歉是一个非常珍贵的社交技能，它会帮助小孩认识到自己的错误，还能让孩子自己感觉舒服一点。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据“Think about your own mistakes. If someone forced you to apologize, would you want to Children are the same way.”可知，作者是通过比较来论述为什么不能强迫孩子去道歉。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。文章通篇在论述道歉对于小孩来说很重要，所以文章的主旨是勇于道歉。故选B。
21．B 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从几个方面介绍了“重阳节”。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are some traditional activities on the Double Ninth Festival in ancient times. People usually climbed mountains, because they believed that it could help them avoid disaster and illness.”可知，古代人们在重阳节通常爬山。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1989, the Chinese government set the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors’ Day (老年节), encouraging people to respect, take good care of and love the seniors around the country.”可知，中国政府将重阳节定为老年节，是为了鼓励全国人民尊重、照顾、爱护老年人。故选C。
23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要从几个方面介绍了中国的“重阳节”。传统节日属于文化的一部分，出自文化板块。故选A。
24．B 25．D 26．C 27．C
【导语】本文介绍了哈尔滨在一年一度的冰雪节中的旅游盛况和哈尔滨为旅游业发展做的努力，突显了哈尔滨旅游业的强劲增长。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since the beginning of 2023, the city has been developing plans to improve the tourism industry and attract the attention online.”可知，自2023年初以来，哈尔滨市一直在制定改善旅游业和吸引网络关注的计划，说明哈尔滨市着力利用互联网吸引游客。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“He Jing said, ‘We want to meet the needs of tourists with all the small details’. ”可知，我们希望从每一个小细节上满足游客的需求，之所以哈尔滨注重游客的各个小细节，是出于尊重并让游客满意。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Local food frozen pears are cut into flower shapes for easy consumption by tourists.”可知，文章里提到的当地的食物是冻梨。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了哈尔滨在一年一度的冰雪节中的旅游盛况和哈尔滨为旅游业发展做的努力，突显了哈尔滨旅游业的强劲增长。故文章大意为“哈尔滨旅游业增长”。故选C。
28．A 29．A 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文就如何交新朋友来摆脱旧友离开的失落给出了一些方法和建议。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you feel lonely when your best friends are not around It’s common, but do you know how to build new relationships with classmates around you ”可知，当好朋友不在身边时，要想办法交一些新朋友。故选A。
29．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Share something interesting or express your appreciation to them, which will make them happy.”可知，你需要分享一些有趣的事或表达你的欣赏，这将使他们高兴。故划线单词意为“欣赏”，与Praise意思相近。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据“When you’re at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say ‘Hi, may I join you ’ or just join in.”可知，在休息时，需主动上前询问是否可以加入并一起玩。故迈出第一步的好方法是加入并与他们一起玩。故选B。
31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文就如何交新朋友来摆脱旧友离开的失落给出了一些方法和建议。故作者之所以写这篇文章，是因为他想帮助孩子们建立新的关系。故选C。
32．C 33．D 34．A
【导语】本文介绍了Gladwell的《异类》一书中几种成功的秘诀。
32．推理判断题。根据“Why are some people successful and others aren’t What’s the secret of
success You can get the answers in Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers.”可知，作者在第一段中提出问题是为了引起读者的注意，故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据文中“It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours, about three hours a day for 10 years.”可知，如果你想成为世界上最好的人之一，你需要练习10000个小时，大约每天练习三个小时，持续10年，故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“ Christopher Langan, who is mentioned in the book, got an IQ of between 195 and 210. As a boy at school, ...This shows that besides intelligence, you need hard work, support and chances.”可知，只有智慧不会带来成功。故选A。