2024届高考英语 二轮复习： 阅读理解 专题练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习： 阅读理解 专题练习（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-11 20:24:28 | ||
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Passage 1
These science themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences.
London's sites of scientific interest
Explore London's notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.
Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy.
The science history of Scotland
Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow's most famous scientific thinkers, and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards.
Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm.
Pre Historic Southwest England
Involve yourself in the early human periods: the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.
Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.
1．Which site can you visit along the River Thames
A．Maiden Castle.
B．The Falkirk Wheel.
C．The Wetland Centre.
D．The Salisbury museums.
2．What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at
A．A closer look at the past.
B．A brief exposure to nature.
C．A new view about mysteries.
D．A deeper understanding of art.
3．What can visitors expect during all the three trips
A．Talks with experts.
B．Visits to museums.
C．History explorations.
D．Scientific research.
Passage 2
Whether you're moving across the country or across the world, it's important to choose a moving company that's the right fit for your exact needs or budget. Read about the top packing and moving companies with our guide covering pros and cons, offerings, and customer reviews.
With over 90 years of experience, the moving company has finished over 750，000 moves in different states in the U．S. in the last 15 years alone.
Pros and Cons
√Available for local, long distance and international moves
√Great customer service
×Discount information is not readily available
AVL focuses on providing highly experienced and skillful movers to your packing services. The moving company provides its services in every state.
Pros and Cons
√Highly skilled movers with an average of 10 years of experience
√Promises to match or beat the price if the same service is found at a lower cost
×An up front deposit is required
×Limited pricing information online
IVL provides its packing and moving services for both local and long distance moves in all 50 states, as well as 180 countries. And the company allows you to have control over your packing experience.
Pros and Cons
√Specialty services for difficult items such as artwork, antiques and pianos
√Protection plans with an adjustable coverage cap
×Customer reviews mention the difficulty in communication at times
This full service moving company has more than 80 years of moving experience and a network of more than 500 locations nationwide.
Pros and Cons
√Online shipment tracking
√Moving containers available for interstate moves
×Service and experience may vary by agent
×No instant online quotes
4．Which of the following companies rates highest
A．Allied.
B．American Van Lines.
C．International Van Lines.
D．North American Moving Services.
5．What is the advantage of American Van Lines
A．It gives pricing information online.
B．It is experienced in packing expensive items.
C．It has moving containers for interstate moves.
D．It guarantees the lowest price of the same service.
6．What do the four companies have in common according to the text
A．They feature highly skilled movers.
B．They have over 80 years of experience.
C．They can provide moving services nationwide.
D．They can offer services for customized packing.
Passage 3
Invasive Species Management
Placencia, Belize
Make a difference by removing lion fish, an invasive species destroying reef ecosystems of the Caribbean. Learn to dive while removing lion fish. Each week/day will differ but you will be participating in the following areas: Removing Invasive Lion fish; Whale Shark Observation (if spotted); Biodiversity Identification Dive; Beach Clean ups.
Marine Research Expedition
Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
You will join an international crew aboard a sailboat to work for the protection of our seas. And you will learn to collect data, organize and enjoy the sea at its best! Experience the sailing life in one of the world's best spots for Water sports. Gain experience in Marine Research in the field(Under water).Get close up to dolphins and whales in the wild.
Wildlife Supporter
Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Volunteer at a Game Reserve that hosts the Big 5 and support the local staff in monitoring the animals. Work up close with the famous Big 5! Join our reserve for orphaned and injured non dangerous animals. Make a difference in the rescue, rehabilitation (康复) and release of wildlife giving them a second chance at being free and wild again.
Climate and Environmentalist Supporter
Hanga Roa, Chile
Be a volunteer on the amazing Easter Island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and get involved in climate and nature protection. Responsibilities include: Teamwork in the climate protection program; Collection of plant seeds; Control of seed settlement on the plantation; Conservation of native seeds and plants; Reforestation work.
7．What activity will volunteers do depending on good luck
A．Clean dolphins stuck on the beach.
B．Dive under water to see lion fish.
C．Collect data on a marine animal.
D．Monitor whale sharks carefully.
8．What is Tyrrhenian Sea famous for
A．Its marine life in deep water.
B．Its perfect place for sailing.
C．Its wild dolphins and whales.
D．Its best spot for marine researches.
9．Which activity is suitable for volunteers with medical experiences
A．Wildlife Supporter.
B．Marine Research Expedition.
C．Invasive Species Management.
D．Climate and Environmentalist Supporter.
Passage 4
AI is considered to be transformative for a wide range of industries, but there's perhaps no other field where it provides more value than healthcare. Machine learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there's still this general impression that this is all done in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here to stay and it has already saved thousands of lives.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022 describing a machine learning based early detection tool for sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hospitals over a two year period. During this period, the AI was able to identify nearly 10，000 sepsis cases from patient records and helped doctors offer critical care about two hours, on average, earlier than when they didn't have access to the AI's warning. Thanks to this system, the patients were 20% less likely to die of sepsis, potentially saving thousands of lives across the U．S. if it is implemented (实施) nationwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is of critical importance. However, sepsis is not always apparent, so there are naturally some delayed diagnoses. But if the condition is not diagnosed in time, it can progress into septic shock, causing a significant drop in blood pressure, organ failure, and other serious consequences. Even with treatment, in some cases, there is nothing doctors can do to save the patient's life, which is why prevention is the name of the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI developed at Johns Hopkins, known as the Targeted Real time Early Warning System, is so important. In the two years the system had been online since 2018, during which it monitored 590，000 patients via their electronic health records, the AI was able to flag nearly 10，000 cases of sepsis. Its accuracy following diagnosis proved to be 38%, which might not sound like a lot, but earlier systems couldn't achieve more than 12%.
10．What's the general impression of AI in the healthcare industries
A．It is widely implemented to spot diseases.
B．It provides more value than in other fields.
C．It has had a limited impact.
D．It has failed to save lives.
11．What did researchers at Johns Hopkins University find about the AI tool for sepsis
A．It could update patient records.
B．It could be used to figure out how sepsis occurs.
C．It could uncover the reason for delayed diagnoses.
D．It could be applied to sepsis detection and timely caregiving.
12．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．The importance of sepsis prevention.
B．The difficulty of diagnosing sepsis.
C．The identification of septic shock.
D．The treatments for septic shock.
13．Why does the author present the data in the last paragraph
A．To introduce the downside of the studies.
B．To stress the effectiveness of the warning system.
C．To indicate the big number of patients with sepsis.
D．To call for the improvement of the tool's accuracy.
Passage 5
It's no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores, are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post fire. Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues，” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses？”
Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”， says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.
14．What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2
A．They could be killed by high heat.
B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles．
15．How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen
A．They might worsen lung diseases.
B．They will cause lung infections.
C．They will destroy living environments.
D．They might damage respiratory systems.
16．Why are low income people suffering more than others
A．They live in poor areas.
B．They drive to and from work.
C．They have suffered from lung disease.
D.They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
17．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Results of the new research.
B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.
C．Disagreements between the author and Chen.
D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.
Passage 6
It was eight o'clock on Christmas morning, and Uncle Tom said he wanted to listen to the news. My 11 year old self was wondering why grown ups would be interested in the news when there were important things to be done, such as handing out presents. However, while I was only half listening to the radio broadcast, I was confused that I had heard that report earlier.
My older brother, Colin, figured out what was happening. “Pete, it's a tape recorder! We've got our tape recorder！” This was one of those rare moments when my inside gave an involuntary lurch (倾斜). Colin and I had both been blind from birth. In the late 1950s, tape recorders were definitely the top choice for blind kids, especially with the rise of rock ‘n’ roll.
But it wasn't the first time I had been attracted to a tape recorder. I vividly remember walking into a room when I was four and hearing a child's beautiful singing. It turned out that my dad had borrowed a tape recorder for preparing his projects. And for the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people.
Then I became a broadcaster at school. I would wander around the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. But the biggest challenge was not finding things to do with the tape recorder but taking it away from Colin. His generosity on the first day we got it did not extend to handing it over to his brother at school. “You'll break it，” he would say.
But ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early explorations of the sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Eight years later, I presented my first report for BBC's SixO'ClockNews. I never thought that a Christmas present had changed my life.
18．Why did Uncle Tom probably listen to the news on Christmas morning
A．To keep up with the times.
B．To carry on the holiday tradition.
C．To create a happy festival mood.
D．To surprise Colin and the author.
19．What did the author feel when first hearing a tape recorder at four
A．His interest in music.
B．His love of broadcasting.
C．The real existence of himself.
D．An understanding of his father.
20．What was the author's biggest challenge as a school broadcaster
A．Learning the voice style of radio hosts.
B．Getting the tape recorder from Colin.
C．Balancing broadcasting and study.
D．Finding fun things to record.
21．What helped build up the author's confidence in becoming a broadcast journalist
A．His experiences of exploring the sound.
B．His talent for recording.
C．His father's encouragement.
D．His rich broadcasting knowledge.
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了以科学为主题的旅行。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据London's sites of scientific interest中的第二段“Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory.”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观到湿地中心。
2．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Pre Historic Southwest England中的第一段“Involve yourself in the early human periods: the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是仔细看看过去。
3．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据London's sites of scientific interest中的第一段“Explore London's notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.”和The science history of Scotland中的第二段“Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙).”以及Pre Historic Southwest England中的第二段“Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.”可知，在这三次旅行中，游客可以听取专家的演讲。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四家顶级的包装和搬家公司，包括其服务、优缺点和评分等信息。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据四张图片中Allied的评分4.7/5、American Van Lines的评分4.5/5、International Van Lines的评分4.8/5、North American Moving Services的评分4.6/5可知，International Van Lines公司的评分最高。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据American Van Lines的Pros and Cons部分中“Promises to match or beat the price if the same service is found at a lower cost”可知，American Van Lines的优势在于保证了相同服务的最低价格。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Allied部分中“With over 90 years of experience, the moving company has finished over 750，000 moves in different states in the U．S. in the last 15 years alone.”、American Van Lines部分中“The moving company provides its services in every state.”、International Van Lines部分中“IVL provides its packing and moving services for both local and long distance moves in all 50 states, as well as 180 countries.”、North American Moving Services部分中“This full service moving company has more than 80 years of moving experience and a network of more than 500 locations nationwide.”可知，四家公司的共同点是可以提供全国范围内的搬家服务。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个志愿者项目的情况以及要求。
7．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Whale Shark Observation (if spotted).”可知，如果运气好，志愿者可以仔细观察鲸鲨。
8．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Experience the sailing life in one of the world's best spots for Water sports.”可知，第勒尼安海因是帆船运动的好地方而闻名。
9．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Wildlife Supporter部分中“Make a difference in the rescue, rehabilitation (康复) and release of wildlife giving them a second chance at being free and wild again.”可知，Wildlife Supporter适合有医疗经验的义工参加。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲的是现在，许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病，并发现新药。但人们仍然普遍认为，这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的，影响仍然很小。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Machine learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there's still this general impression that this is all done in a small way and the impacts are still minimal.”可知，人们对人工智能在医疗行业的总体印象是它的影响有限。
11．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现败血症的人工智能工具可用于败血症的检测和及时护理。
12．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。
13．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In the two years the system had been online since 2018, ... but earlier systems couldn't achieve more than 12%.”可知，作者在最后一段列出数据的目的是强调预警系统的有效性。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。
14．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post fire.”可知，从第二段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能繁殖。故选B。
15．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition.”可知，陈彼得博士认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。
16．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This is especially true for lower income populations, ...will inhale more smoke than those who drive.”可知，烟雾会传播疾病这件事对低收入的人群有更大的影响，是因为他们更多地直接接触被污染的空气。
17．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，最后一段主要陈述了应对被污染空气的建议。故选B。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和哥哥出生后就双目失明，幼时的一份圣诞礼物——录音机，帮助自己获得了信心，并最终成为了一名播音员。
18．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, while I was only half listening to the radio broadcast, I was confused that I had heard that report earlier.”可知，作者的叔叔说要听新闻，但作者发现报道已经播放过了，再根据第二段“My older brother, Colin, figured out what was happening. ‘Pete, it's a tape recorder! We've got our tape recorder！’ This was one of those rare moments when my inside gave an involuntary lurch (倾斜).”可推断出，作者的叔叔提出想听新闻是想把圣诞礼物——录音机作为惊喜送给作者兄弟。
19．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，作者四岁时第一次听到录音机时就被其所吸引，第一次感受到自己是一个独立的人。
20．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the biggest challenge was not finding things to do with the tape recorder but taking it away from Colin.”可知，作为学校广播员，作者面临的最大挑战是从科林那里拿到录音机。
21．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early explorations of the sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist.”可知，作者对于成为一名广播记者的信心源自于自己探索声音的经历。
These science themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences.
London's sites of scientific interest
Explore London's notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.
Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy.
The science history of Scotland
Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow's most famous scientific thinkers, and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards.
Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm.
Pre Historic Southwest England
Involve yourself in the early human periods: the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.
Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.
1．Which site can you visit along the River Thames
A．Maiden Castle.
B．The Falkirk Wheel.
C．The Wetland Centre.
D．The Salisbury museums.
2．What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at
A．A closer look at the past.
B．A brief exposure to nature.
C．A new view about mysteries.
D．A deeper understanding of art.
3．What can visitors expect during all the three trips
A．Talks with experts.
B．Visits to museums.
C．History explorations.
D．Scientific research.
Passage 2
Whether you're moving across the country or across the world, it's important to choose a moving company that's the right fit for your exact needs or budget. Read about the top packing and moving companies with our guide covering pros and cons, offerings, and customer reviews.
With over 90 years of experience, the moving company has finished over 750，000 moves in different states in the U．S. in the last 15 years alone.
Pros and Cons
√Available for local, long distance and international moves
√Great customer service
×Discount information is not readily available
AVL focuses on providing highly experienced and skillful movers to your packing services. The moving company provides its services in every state.
Pros and Cons
√Highly skilled movers with an average of 10 years of experience
√Promises to match or beat the price if the same service is found at a lower cost
×An up front deposit is required
×Limited pricing information online
IVL provides its packing and moving services for both local and long distance moves in all 50 states, as well as 180 countries. And the company allows you to have control over your packing experience.
Pros and Cons
√Specialty services for difficult items such as artwork, antiques and pianos
√Protection plans with an adjustable coverage cap
×Customer reviews mention the difficulty in communication at times
This full service moving company has more than 80 years of moving experience and a network of more than 500 locations nationwide.
Pros and Cons
√Online shipment tracking
√Moving containers available for interstate moves
×Service and experience may vary by agent
×No instant online quotes
4．Which of the following companies rates highest
A．Allied.
B．American Van Lines.
C．International Van Lines.
D．North American Moving Services.
5．What is the advantage of American Van Lines
A．It gives pricing information online.
B．It is experienced in packing expensive items.
C．It has moving containers for interstate moves.
D．It guarantees the lowest price of the same service.
6．What do the four companies have in common according to the text
A．They feature highly skilled movers.
B．They have over 80 years of experience.
C．They can provide moving services nationwide.
D．They can offer services for customized packing.
Passage 3
Invasive Species Management
Placencia, Belize
Make a difference by removing lion fish, an invasive species destroying reef ecosystems of the Caribbean. Learn to dive while removing lion fish. Each week/day will differ but you will be participating in the following areas: Removing Invasive Lion fish; Whale Shark Observation (if spotted); Biodiversity Identification Dive; Beach Clean ups.
Marine Research Expedition
Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
You will join an international crew aboard a sailboat to work for the protection of our seas. And you will learn to collect data, organize and enjoy the sea at its best! Experience the sailing life in one of the world's best spots for Water sports. Gain experience in Marine Research in the field(Under water).Get close up to dolphins and whales in the wild.
Wildlife Supporter
Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Volunteer at a Game Reserve that hosts the Big 5 and support the local staff in monitoring the animals. Work up close with the famous Big 5! Join our reserve for orphaned and injured non dangerous animals. Make a difference in the rescue, rehabilitation (康复) and release of wildlife giving them a second chance at being free and wild again.
Climate and Environmentalist Supporter
Hanga Roa, Chile
Be a volunteer on the amazing Easter Island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and get involved in climate and nature protection. Responsibilities include: Teamwork in the climate protection program; Collection of plant seeds; Control of seed settlement on the plantation; Conservation of native seeds and plants; Reforestation work.
7．What activity will volunteers do depending on good luck
A．Clean dolphins stuck on the beach.
B．Dive under water to see lion fish.
C．Collect data on a marine animal.
D．Monitor whale sharks carefully.
8．What is Tyrrhenian Sea famous for
A．Its marine life in deep water.
B．Its perfect place for sailing.
C．Its wild dolphins and whales.
D．Its best spot for marine researches.
9．Which activity is suitable for volunteers with medical experiences
A．Wildlife Supporter.
B．Marine Research Expedition.
C．Invasive Species Management.
D．Climate and Environmentalist Supporter.
Passage 4
AI is considered to be transformative for a wide range of industries, but there's perhaps no other field where it provides more value than healthcare. Machine learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there's still this general impression that this is all done in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here to stay and it has already saved thousands of lives.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University published two studies in July 2022 describing a machine learning based early detection tool for sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hospitals over a two year period. During this period, the AI was able to identify nearly 10，000 sepsis cases from patient records and helped doctors offer critical care about two hours, on average, earlier than when they didn't have access to the AI's warning. Thanks to this system, the patients were 20% less likely to die of sepsis, potentially saving thousands of lives across the U．S. if it is implemented (实施) nationwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is of critical importance. However, sepsis is not always apparent, so there are naturally some delayed diagnoses. But if the condition is not diagnosed in time, it can progress into septic shock, causing a significant drop in blood pressure, organ failure, and other serious consequences. Even with treatment, in some cases, there is nothing doctors can do to save the patient's life, which is why prevention is the name of the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI developed at Johns Hopkins, known as the Targeted Real time Early Warning System, is so important. In the two years the system had been online since 2018, during which it monitored 590，000 patients via their electronic health records, the AI was able to flag nearly 10，000 cases of sepsis. Its accuracy following diagnosis proved to be 38%, which might not sound like a lot, but earlier systems couldn't achieve more than 12%.
10．What's the general impression of AI in the healthcare industries
A．It is widely implemented to spot diseases.
B．It provides more value than in other fields.
C．It has had a limited impact.
D．It has failed to save lives.
11．What did researchers at Johns Hopkins University find about the AI tool for sepsis
A．It could update patient records.
B．It could be used to figure out how sepsis occurs.
C．It could uncover the reason for delayed diagnoses.
D．It could be applied to sepsis detection and timely caregiving.
12．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．The importance of sepsis prevention.
B．The difficulty of diagnosing sepsis.
C．The identification of septic shock.
D．The treatments for septic shock.
13．Why does the author present the data in the last paragraph
A．To introduce the downside of the studies.
B．To stress the effectiveness of the warning system.
C．To indicate the big number of patients with sepsis.
D．To call for the improvement of the tool's accuracy.
Passage 5
It's no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores, are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post fire. Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues，” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses？”
Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”， says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.
14．What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2
A．They could be killed by high heat.
B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles．
15．How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen
A．They might worsen lung diseases.
B．They will cause lung infections.
C．They will destroy living environments.
D．They might damage respiratory systems.
16．Why are low income people suffering more than others
A．They live in poor areas.
B．They drive to and from work.
C．They have suffered from lung disease.
D.They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
17．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Results of the new research.
B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.
C．Disagreements between the author and Chen.
D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.
Passage 6
It was eight o'clock on Christmas morning, and Uncle Tom said he wanted to listen to the news. My 11 year old self was wondering why grown ups would be interested in the news when there were important things to be done, such as handing out presents. However, while I was only half listening to the radio broadcast, I was confused that I had heard that report earlier.
My older brother, Colin, figured out what was happening. “Pete, it's a tape recorder! We've got our tape recorder！” This was one of those rare moments when my inside gave an involuntary lurch (倾斜). Colin and I had both been blind from birth. In the late 1950s, tape recorders were definitely the top choice for blind kids, especially with the rise of rock ‘n’ roll.
But it wasn't the first time I had been attracted to a tape recorder. I vividly remember walking into a room when I was four and hearing a child's beautiful singing. It turned out that my dad had borrowed a tape recorder for preparing his projects. And for the first time, in the same way that a sighted child might react to seeing themselves in a mirror or a photograph, I got the sense of myself as a separate person who existed outside my head and was experienced by other people.
Then I became a broadcaster at school. I would wander around the school with my microphone, recording my thoughts in the style of the voices I heard on the radio. But the biggest challenge was not finding things to do with the tape recorder but taking it away from Colin. His generosity on the first day we got it did not extend to handing it over to his brother at school. “You'll break it，” he would say.
But ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early explorations of the sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist. Eight years later, I presented my first report for BBC's SixO'ClockNews. I never thought that a Christmas present had changed my life.
18．Why did Uncle Tom probably listen to the news on Christmas morning
A．To keep up with the times.
B．To carry on the holiday tradition.
C．To create a happy festival mood.
D．To surprise Colin and the author.
19．What did the author feel when first hearing a tape recorder at four
A．His interest in music.
B．His love of broadcasting.
C．The real existence of himself.
D．An understanding of his father.
20．What was the author's biggest challenge as a school broadcaster
A．Learning the voice style of radio hosts.
B．Getting the tape recorder from Colin.
C．Balancing broadcasting and study.
D．Finding fun things to record.
21．What helped build up the author's confidence in becoming a broadcast journalist
A．His experiences of exploring the sound.
B．His talent for recording.
C．His father's encouragement.
D．His rich broadcasting knowledge.
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了以科学为主题的旅行。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据London's sites of scientific interest中的第二段“Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory.”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观到湿地中心。
2．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Pre Historic Southwest England中的第一段“Involve yourself in the early human periods: the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是仔细看看过去。
3．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据London's sites of scientific interest中的第一段“Explore London's notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.”和The science history of Scotland中的第二段“Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙).”以及Pre Historic Southwest England中的第二段“Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.”可知，在这三次旅行中，游客可以听取专家的演讲。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四家顶级的包装和搬家公司，包括其服务、优缺点和评分等信息。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据四张图片中Allied的评分4.7/5、American Van Lines的评分4.5/5、International Van Lines的评分4.8/5、North American Moving Services的评分4.6/5可知，International Van Lines公司的评分最高。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据American Van Lines的Pros and Cons部分中“Promises to match or beat the price if the same service is found at a lower cost”可知，American Van Lines的优势在于保证了相同服务的最低价格。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Allied部分中“With over 90 years of experience, the moving company has finished over 750，000 moves in different states in the U．S. in the last 15 years alone.”、American Van Lines部分中“The moving company provides its services in every state.”、International Van Lines部分中“IVL provides its packing and moving services for both local and long distance moves in all 50 states, as well as 180 countries.”、North American Moving Services部分中“This full service moving company has more than 80 years of moving experience and a network of more than 500 locations nationwide.”可知，四家公司的共同点是可以提供全国范围内的搬家服务。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个志愿者项目的情况以及要求。
7．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Whale Shark Observation (if spotted).”可知，如果运气好，志愿者可以仔细观察鲸鲨。
8．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Experience the sailing life in one of the world's best spots for Water sports.”可知，第勒尼安海因是帆船运动的好地方而闻名。
9．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Wildlife Supporter部分中“Make a difference in the rescue, rehabilitation (康复) and release of wildlife giving them a second chance at being free and wild again.”可知，Wildlife Supporter适合有医疗经验的义工参加。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲的是现在，许多医院都在使用机器学习程序来发现癌症和其他疾病，并发现新药。但人们仍然普遍认为，这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的，影响仍然很小。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Machine learning programs are now being used in many hospitals to spot cancer and other diseases and discover new drugs, but there's still this general impression that this is all done in a small way and the impacts are still minimal.”可知，人们对人工智能在医疗行业的总体印象是它的影响有限。
11．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现败血症的人工智能工具可用于败血症的检测和及时护理。
12．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。
13．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In the two years the system had been online since 2018, ... but earlier systems couldn't achieve more than 12%.”可知，作者在最后一段列出数据的目的是强调预警系统的有效性。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。
14．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post fire.”可知，从第二段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能繁殖。故选B。
15．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition.”可知，陈彼得博士认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。
16．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This is especially true for lower income populations, ...will inhale more smoke than those who drive.”可知，烟雾会传播疾病这件事对低收入的人群有更大的影响，是因为他们更多地直接接触被污染的空气。
17．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，最后一段主要陈述了应对被污染空气的建议。故选B。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和哥哥出生后就双目失明，幼时的一份圣诞礼物——录音机，帮助自己获得了信心，并最终成为了一名播音员。
18．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“However, while I was only half listening to the radio broadcast, I was confused that I had heard that report earlier.”可知，作者的叔叔说要听新闻，但作者发现报道已经播放过了，再根据第二段“My older brother, Colin, figured out what was happening. ‘Pete, it's a tape recorder! We've got our tape recorder！’ This was one of those rare moments when my inside gave an involuntary lurch (倾斜).”可推断出，作者的叔叔提出想听新闻是想把圣诞礼物——录音机作为惊喜送给作者兄弟。
19．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，作者四岁时第一次听到录音机时就被其所吸引，第一次感受到自己是一个独立的人。
20．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the biggest challenge was not finding things to do with the tape recorder but taking it away from Colin.”可知，作为学校广播员，作者面临的最大挑战是从科林那里拿到录音机。
21．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But ten years later, I drew on the confidence gained from those early explorations of the sound and walked into a radio station, in the hopes of selling myself as a broadcast journalist.”可知，作者对于成为一名广播记者的信心源自于自己探索声音的经历。