2024年高考英语（概要写作）模拟真题 (上海专用)（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语（概要写作）模拟真题 (上海专用)（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-11 20:28:21 | ||
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2024年高考英语（概要写作）模拟真题 (上海专用)
1．（2023上·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Instagram Concerns
Although the popular social media APP Instagram can be used in many positive ways, there are significant risks to your child that all parents should be aware of.
Many Instagram users are known for their perfectly posed and edited photos of delicate life. The line between reality and what is posted on social media is often vague. Teens often find it impossible not to compare their appearance, belongings, status, and lifestyle to the lives of those they follow. It is so easy for a child to become consumed by this constant comparison. If your child has gathered a large Instagram following or does not have proper settings turned on, shared information may be public for all to see. Although content showed in your child's Instagram feed is tailored toward their browsing history and interests, it is possible they could encounter potentially inappropriate subject matter.
Feeling concerned or worried Rather than banning your child from the platform entirely, you might consider the following:
When a child spends too much time viewing life through the images of others, they can forget to take the time to truly live their own life. Encourage your child to incorporate plenty of screen-free and Instagram-free time into their daily lives. One way you can influence your child to develop a healthy relationship with social media is by demonstrating one yourself. Set aside your own screen-free time each day. Also, it is crucial that, as a parent, you understand your child's social media presence and have open and honest conversations about the dangers of self-comparison and oversharing on Instagram. If you notice your child is constantly experiencing the side effects of Instagram-despite your best efforts-take the steps necessary to protect your child. For some, this may mean locking the app on your child's phone until a compromise can be reached.
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2．（2023·上海·南洋中学校考三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment
The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.
First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops.
The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms.
Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!
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3．（2023·上海徐汇·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main
point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option
The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. Plastic does not decompose, but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles. It threatens our nature as well as our health. One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics. In the UK, supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles, in which the food is displayed loose, and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.
Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether. One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic, they are protected and preserved, helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost. It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.
Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward, mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties. For example, glass products are a potential alternative, but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health. Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag. If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment. However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
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4．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Stay Healthy in Autumn
In recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn.
However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.
Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.
Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.
Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.
Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.
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5．（2023·上海黄浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why you’re more creative in coffee shops
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan – whether they’re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a café.
There are many ways coffee shops activate our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of
Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.
Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
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6．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Kangaroos can “talk” to us
Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.
Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos
actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added.
It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
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7．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands,
visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
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8．（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
With the rise of urbanism (城市化), and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfocused. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (注意力缺陷多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor (感觉运动) development, according to the scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact with nature: outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage
children to play in the dirt.
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9．（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Home sweet home - this phrase arouses all sorts of images and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, an apartment, a tent or any of a countless variety of places. But did you know that the condition of your living space can have an impact on your emotions and even on your mental health By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood. If the lighting is too weak, it can have a negative effect on your emotions, and your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial light may not do the trick, however. It is better to open your curtains because natural sunlight makes your whole day brighter.
You have to do more than just remove poisonous substances from your home. To ensure good mental health, surround yourself with nature. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean. Somehow stuff just tends to pile up. But this problem involves more than just aesthetics (美感). It doesn’t just look terrible: it makes you feel terrible. A cluttered room both reveals stress and causes stress. Disorder can indicate that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a mess can lead to more stress. Straightening up doesn’t have to take all day - just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You’ll be surprised how much better you’ll feel.
The color palette (用色风格) of your environment does more than passively reflect your color preferences. It also has an active influence on your mood and even your mental health. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
The sky is the limit to ways you can make your environment beneficial to good mental health. You could put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
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10．（2023·上海·模拟预测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Cities in the Sea
They may be small, but they build big things! Coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live in the warm, shallow parts of the Earth’s oceans, are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone. Slowly, they build up a hard skeleton (骨架) around their bodies. When polyps die, their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs (珊瑚礁).
Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats―there are nearly a thousand coral species. Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures, like fish, crabs, turtles, and sharks.
Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them. Reefs create jobs for people in the fishing industry and other related businesses. Coral reefs are also popular for divers一many countries benefit from the tourists that they attract. Lastly, chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines, which help doctors treat different illnesses.
Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs. About half of the remaining reefs are dying, and experts believe all of Earth’s coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.
Why are the reefs in such trouble For one thing, people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water. Even air pollution hurts coral reefs. Global warming causes warmer ocean water, which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae. Without that algae, coral turns white. This is called "bleaching”，and if it continues, the coral dies.
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参考答案：
1．Instagram use may cause teenagers’ anxiety because they feel dwarfed by the comparison with the fancy posts by the influencers. Privacy leak and inappropriate content exposition are underlying risks. Parents can set screen-free time, set a good example themselves in properly using Instagram. They can have open conversations about their concerns and intervene when it’s necessary.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍说，尽管流行的社交媒体APP Instagram可以有很多积极的用途，但所有父母都应该意识到，这对你的孩子来说有很大的风险，文章也介绍了降低或克服这种风险的一些措施。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Many Instagram users are known for their perfectly posed and edited photos of delicate life. The line between reality and what is posted on social media is often vague. Teens often find it impossible not to compare their appearance, belongings, status, and lifestyle to the lives of those they follow.
②If your child has gathered a large Instagram following or does not have proper settings turned on, shared information may be public for all to see.
③One way you can influence your child to develop a healthy relationship with social media is by demonstrating one yourself. Set aside your own screen-free time each day.
④Also, it is crucial that, as a parent, you understand your child's social media presence and have open and honest conversations about the dangers of self-comparison and oversharing on Instagram. If you notice your child is constantly experiencing the side effects of Instagram-despite your best efforts-take the steps necessary to protect your child.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Teenagers feel dwarfed by the comparison with the fancy posts by the Instagram influencers, which is the reason why Instagram use may cause teenagers’ anxiety. There are underlying risks which include privacy leak and inappropriate content exposition. Parents can set screen-free time, which means they set a good example themselves in properly using Instagram. They can have open conversations that are about their concerns and intervene when it’s necessary.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Teenagers feel dwarfed by the comparison with the fancy posts by the Instagram influencers, which is the reason why Instagram use may cause teenagers’ anxiety.(运用了which引导的非限制性
定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] There are underlying risks which include privacy leak and inappropriate content exposition.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
2．There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述幼儿环境对儿童的学习和发展有着非常关键的两方面的作用。
【详解】1 要点摘录① In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.②First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development.③The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.④When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!
2.缜密构思全文是“总-分-总”的结构。以上四句话分别描述每一段的主旨大意，因此概括全文内容可以使用它们的组合。3.遣词造句①Because children’s developments are created by education, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on them.②Many people spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in playing mobile phones.③Believing that every effort will create a miracle can transform the way we understand ourselves.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. 其中两个that引导的定语从句，while连词功能连接两个有从句的分句，表示对比关系，该表达很高级。
[高分句型2]：The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.用that引导定语从句修饰reason并且在主句中作主语，且is后面接because of连接的名词性短语，表达非常高级。
3．参考答案
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health. Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money. Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料垃圾会对自然和我们的健康造成很大的危害。禁止使用一次性塑料，虽然是出于好意，但并不是最好的解决方案。替代材料可能没有理想的性能，并可能对环境造成更大的危害。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. It threatens our nature as well as our health.
②One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.
③Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether.
④ One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost.
⑤If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
⑥However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
2.缜密构思将第1要点单独概括，将2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health.
Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.
Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段后半部分和第二段进行了概括。其中省略的although引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句表达非常高级。
[高分句型2]：Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.用文章纽带连接副词Besides对第三段和第四段进行了概括，运用了并列连词and连接谓语，表达高级。
4．People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh
fruits. Third, have a good sleep. Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.(54 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍秋天如何保持健康。
【详解】1.要点摘录 （1）People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.（2）Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.（3）Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen(牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. （4）Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. （5）Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity.
2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句 People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits. Third, have a good sleep by going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.运用倒装句且动词不定式作后置定语。
[高分句型2]Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。对最后一段进行了概括、总结。
[高分句型3]Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits.该句使用祈使句，对第四段进行了概括。
5．Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity. The seemingly distracting background noise, as long as at a proper volume, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making. Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明咖啡店是一个可以激发创造力的地方。那些看似让人分心的背景噪音，只要音量适当，都有助于你的创造性思维和决策。此外，那些在咖啡店努力工作的人也可以让你做同样的事情。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output.
②Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
③There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us,
which acts as a motivator.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research indicates that a café is a place that will stimulate creativity.
The seemingly distracting background noise, once a volume is proper, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making.
Also, people in the coffee shops who are working hard can promote you to do the same.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.用who 引导定语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans. Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals were found to turn to people using body language. The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study.
②The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
③Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box.
④It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans.
②Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language.
③The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language. 运用一个主从复合句对第二三段进行概括。运用了which引导的限定性定语从句。
[高分句型2]：The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them. 用improving现在分词表示自然而然的结果，对第三段部分内容和第四段进行总结。
7．Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍说，中国首都北京今年将再开一批博物馆。作为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，故宫博物院新分院的建设也拉开了序幕，在过去的几年里，随着博物馆热的日益高涨，中国的青少年越来越热衷于探索博物馆，在那里他们可以沉浸在现代科技和过去的文化中，为了吸引年轻游客，许多博物馆正在开展更多的线下活动，推出青少年专馆或创建青少年网站。
【详解】1 要点摘录：
①China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year.
②As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years.
③To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.
④Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers.
⑤Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The number of teenagers who visit increases each year.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers.用that引导限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
8．A possible version:
Urbanization and technology have made it difficult for children to be close to nature. Actually, outdoor play has many psychological benefits, such as recharging the brain and improving concentration, which is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD. Meanwhile, outdoor play can help children develop their sensorimotor skill through learning experience. Realizing these benefits, many organizations are offering outdoor activities.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说城市化和科技发展使得孩子们很难接近大自然。事实上，户外游戏有很多心理上的好处，比如给大脑充电，提高注意力，这对患有多动症的儿童尤其有益。同时，户外游戏可以帮助孩子通过学习体验发展他们的感觉运动技能。意识到这些好处，许多组织都提供户外活动。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①With the rise of urbanism (城市化), and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past.
②Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established.
③This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfocused. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (注意力缺陷多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area.
④Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor (感觉运动) development, according to the scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy.
⑤Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact with nature: outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage children to play in the dirt.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行简化重组，将第4个要点进行简化整合。
3.遣词造句Urbanization and technology have made it difficult for children to be close to nature. Actually, outdoor play has many psychological benefits, such as recharging the brain and improving concentration, which is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD. Meanwhile, outdoor play can help children develop their sensorimotor skill through learning experience. Realizing these benefits, many organizations are offering outdoor activities.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Actually, outdoor play has many psychological benefits, such as recharging the brain and improving concentration, which is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中动名词短语和which引导的非限定性定语从句等。。
[高分句型2] Realizing these benefits, many organizations are offering outdoor activities.运用现在分词作状语概括了第五段内容，用法比较高级。
9．One’s living environment can contribute to his health. For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood. Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. 57w
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是人们居住的空间状况会影响人们的情绪，甚至是心灵健康，通过改变一下家的一些可变音素能够让居住者拥有一个更加平静的生活。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
②It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood.
③Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
④Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean.
⑤Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
⑥Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
2.缜密构思将第②③两个要点进行整合，将第④⑤两个要点进行整合，①⑥两个要点重组。
3.遣词造句One’s living environment can contribute to his health.
Curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.
Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended.
In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.（运用一个并列句将两个段落的要点连接起来，同时使用动名词短语作主语使得句式结构更丰富）。
[高分句型2]：Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. （运用被动语态使句子表达不单一，使用并列连词and连接两个要点使内容更简洁，表达非常高级）
[高分句型3]：In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. （运用in addition将最后一个要点连接，使得更连贯，句子使用动名词短语作主语的形式）
10．One possible version:
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures. They provide humans with jobs, scenery and medicines. However, reefs aren’t well protected. One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. Fishing and diving do harm to them; water pollution and air pollution are to blame too.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的成因及对人类的益处以及珊瑚礁受到威胁的各种各样的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs
②Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats.
③Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them.
④Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs.
⑤people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
⑥Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5、6三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Coral reefs consists of skeletons of coral polyps, being home to marine species and sea creatures.
We benefit a lot from them.
However, we don’t take care of them because they are threatened by environmental problems, fishing, diving and pollution.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures.( 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中where引导的非限制性定语从句，built过去分词作的后置定语等表达高级)
[高分句型2]
One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. (运用了现在完成时表示已经造成的结果，对第四段进行了概括，due to表示原因，表达恰当)
1．（2023上·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Instagram Concerns
Although the popular social media APP Instagram can be used in many positive ways, there are significant risks to your child that all parents should be aware of.
Many Instagram users are known for their perfectly posed and edited photos of delicate life. The line between reality and what is posted on social media is often vague. Teens often find it impossible not to compare their appearance, belongings, status, and lifestyle to the lives of those they follow. It is so easy for a child to become consumed by this constant comparison. If your child has gathered a large Instagram following or does not have proper settings turned on, shared information may be public for all to see. Although content showed in your child's Instagram feed is tailored toward their browsing history and interests, it is possible they could encounter potentially inappropriate subject matter.
Feeling concerned or worried Rather than banning your child from the platform entirely, you might consider the following:
When a child spends too much time viewing life through the images of others, they can forget to take the time to truly live their own life. Encourage your child to incorporate plenty of screen-free and Instagram-free time into their daily lives. One way you can influence your child to develop a healthy relationship with social media is by demonstrating one yourself. Set aside your own screen-free time each day. Also, it is crucial that, as a parent, you understand your child's social media presence and have open and honest conversations about the dangers of self-comparison and oversharing on Instagram. If you notice your child is constantly experiencing the side effects of Instagram-despite your best efforts-take the steps necessary to protect your child. For some, this may mean locking the app on your child's phone until a compromise can be reached.
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2．（2023·上海·南洋中学校考三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment
The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.
First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops.
The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms.
Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!
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3．（2023·上海徐汇·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main
point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option
The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. Plastic does not decompose, but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles. It threatens our nature as well as our health. One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics. In the UK, supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles, in which the food is displayed loose, and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.
Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether. One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic, they are protected and preserved, helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost. It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.
Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward, mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties. For example, glass products are a potential alternative, but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health. Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag. If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment. However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
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4．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to Stay Healthy in Autumn
In recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn.
However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.
Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.
Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.
Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.
Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.
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5．（2023·上海黄浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why you’re more creative in coffee shops
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. Pablo Picasso, JK Rowling, Bob Dylan – whether they’re painters, writers or singer-songwriters, people across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity working away at a table in a café.
There are many ways coffee shops activate our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t. Some of us stick in our earbuds as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But a 2012 study published in the Journal of
Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if you’re very slightly distracted from the task at hand by background noise, it enhances your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.
Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as a motivator. A 2016 study backed up this idea when researchers asked participants sitting next to each other in front of a computer to do a task on the same screen. The study showed that “simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”. One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
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6．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Kangaroos can “talk” to us
Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.
Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos
actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added.
It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
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7．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands,
visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
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8．（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
With the rise of urbanism (城市化), and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt.
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfocused. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (注意力缺陷多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor (感觉运动) development, according to the scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact with nature: outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage
children to play in the dirt.
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9．（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Home sweet home - this phrase arouses all sorts of images and feelings. The place you call home might be a house, an apartment, a tent or any of a countless variety of places. But did you know that the condition of your living space can have an impact on your emotions and even on your mental health By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood. If the lighting is too weak, it can have a negative effect on your emotions, and your mood may end up matching the dark atmosphere. Artificial light may not do the trick, however. It is better to open your curtains because natural sunlight makes your whole day brighter.
You have to do more than just remove poisonous substances from your home. To ensure good mental health, surround yourself with nature. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean. Somehow stuff just tends to pile up. But this problem involves more than just aesthetics (美感). It doesn’t just look terrible: it makes you feel terrible. A cluttered room both reveals stress and causes stress. Disorder can indicate that you’re too busy to keep things tidy, but then looking at a mess can lead to more stress. Straightening up doesn’t have to take all day - just take 10 or 15 minutes and put a few things away. You’ll be surprised how much better you’ll feel.
The color palette (用色风格) of your environment does more than passively reflect your color preferences. It also has an active influence on your mood and even your mental health. Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
The sky is the limit to ways you can make your environment beneficial to good mental health. You could put up photos of your family and friends or post encouraging notes from people that show how much they love you. Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
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10．（2023·上海·模拟预测）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Cities in the Sea
They may be small, but they build big things! Coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live in the warm, shallow parts of the Earth’s oceans, are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone. Slowly, they build up a hard skeleton (骨架) around their bodies. When polyps die, their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs (珊瑚礁).
Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats―there are nearly a thousand coral species. Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures, like fish, crabs, turtles, and sharks.
Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them. Reefs create jobs for people in the fishing industry and other related businesses. Coral reefs are also popular for divers一many countries benefit from the tourists that they attract. Lastly, chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines, which help doctors treat different illnesses.
Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs. About half of the remaining reefs are dying, and experts believe all of Earth’s coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.
Why are the reefs in such trouble For one thing, people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water. Even air pollution hurts coral reefs. Global warming causes warmer ocean water, which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae. Without that algae, coral turns white. This is called "bleaching”，and if it continues, the coral dies.
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参考答案：
1．Instagram use may cause teenagers’ anxiety because they feel dwarfed by the comparison with the fancy posts by the influencers. Privacy leak and inappropriate content exposition are underlying risks. Parents can set screen-free time, set a good example themselves in properly using Instagram. They can have open conversations about their concerns and intervene when it’s necessary.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍说，尽管流行的社交媒体APP Instagram可以有很多积极的用途，但所有父母都应该意识到，这对你的孩子来说有很大的风险，文章也介绍了降低或克服这种风险的一些措施。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Many Instagram users are known for their perfectly posed and edited photos of delicate life. The line between reality and what is posted on social media is often vague. Teens often find it impossible not to compare their appearance, belongings, status, and lifestyle to the lives of those they follow.
②If your child has gathered a large Instagram following or does not have proper settings turned on, shared information may be public for all to see.
③One way you can influence your child to develop a healthy relationship with social media is by demonstrating one yourself. Set aside your own screen-free time each day.
④Also, it is crucial that, as a parent, you understand your child's social media presence and have open and honest conversations about the dangers of self-comparison and oversharing on Instagram. If you notice your child is constantly experiencing the side effects of Instagram-despite your best efforts-take the steps necessary to protect your child.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Teenagers feel dwarfed by the comparison with the fancy posts by the Instagram influencers, which is the reason why Instagram use may cause teenagers’ anxiety. There are underlying risks which include privacy leak and inappropriate content exposition. Parents can set screen-free time, which means they set a good example themselves in properly using Instagram. They can have open conversations that are about their concerns and intervene when it’s necessary.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Teenagers feel dwarfed by the comparison with the fancy posts by the Instagram influencers, which is the reason why Instagram use may cause teenagers’ anxiety.(运用了which引导的非限制性
定语从句、why引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] There are underlying risks which include privacy leak and inappropriate content exposition.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
2．There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述幼儿环境对儿童的学习和发展有着非常关键的两方面的作用。
【详解】1 要点摘录① In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.②First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development.③The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.④When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!
2.缜密构思全文是“总-分-总”的结构。以上四句话分别描述每一段的主旨大意，因此概括全文内容可以使用它们的组合。3.遣词造句①Because children’s developments are created by education, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on them.②Many people spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in playing mobile phones.③Believing that every effort will create a miracle can transform the way we understand ourselves.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. 其中两个that引导的定语从句，while连词功能连接两个有从句的分句，表示对比关系，该表达很高级。
[高分句型2]：The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.用that引导定语从句修饰reason并且在主句中作主语，且is后面接because of连接的名词性短语，表达非常高级。
3．参考答案
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health. Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money. Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料垃圾会对自然和我们的健康造成很大的危害。禁止使用一次性塑料，虽然是出于好意，但并不是最好的解决方案。替代材料可能没有理想的性能，并可能对环境造成更大的危害。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent. It threatens our nature as well as our health.
②One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.
③Such plans are well-intentioned, but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除) the use of single-use plastic altogether.
④ One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry. This is not just because of its low cost.
⑤If people respond by simply using other materials, a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
⑥However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
2.缜密构思将第1要点单独概括，将2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health.
Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.
Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Banning single-use plastic, although well-intentioned, is not the best solution, because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段后半部分和第二段进行了概括。其中省略的although引导的让步状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句表达非常高级。
[高分句型2]：Besides, the alternative materials may not have the desirable properties, and can cause more harm to the environment.用文章纽带连接副词Besides对第三段和第四段进行了概括，运用了并列连词and连接谓语，表达高级。
4．People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh
fruits. Third, have a good sleep. Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.(54 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍秋天如何保持健康。
【详解】1.要点摘录 （1）People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.（2）Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.（3）Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen(牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. （4）Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. （5）Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity.
2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句 People are more likely to get sick in autumn. Here are some tips to stay healthy. First, eat watery foods like pears, duck meat and easily digestible foods with nutrition. Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits. Third, have a good sleep by going to bed before 11 pm is good for health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.运用倒装句且动词不定式作后置定语。
[高分句型2]Going to bed before 11 pm is good for health. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。对最后一段进行了概括、总结。
[高分句型3]Second, take vitamin supplements or plenty of fresh fruits.该句使用祈使句，对第四段进行了概括。
5．Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity. The seemingly distracting background noise, as long as at a proper volume, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making. Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明咖啡店是一个可以激发创造力的地方。那些看似让人分心的背景噪音，只要音量适当，都有助于你的创造性思维和决策。此外，那些在咖啡店努力工作的人也可以让你做同样的事情。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But a 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that a low-to-moderate level of relaxing noise on all sides in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output.
②Another study from 2019 had similar findings, that is, the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making.
③There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us,
which acts as a motivator.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Research indicates that a café is a place that will stimulate creativity.
The seemingly distracting background noise, once a volume is proper, can benefit your creative thinking and decision making.
Also, people in the coffee shops who are working hard can promote you to do the same.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that a café is a place that will boost creativity.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Also, those in the coffee shops who are working hard can push you to do the same.用who 引导定语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans. Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals were found to turn to people using body language. The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study.
②The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.
③Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box.
④It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans.
②Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language.
③The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals, were found to turn to people using body language. 运用一个主从复合句对第二三段进行概括。运用了which引导的限定性定语从句。
[高分句型2]：The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them. 用improving现在分词表示自然而然的结果，对第三段部分内容和第四段进行总结。
7．Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍说，中国首都北京今年将再开一批博物馆。作为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，故宫博物院新分院的建设也拉开了序幕，在过去的几年里，随着博物馆热的日益高涨，中国的青少年越来越热衷于探索博物馆，在那里他们可以沉浸在现代科技和过去的文化中，为了吸引年轻游客，许多博物馆正在开展更多的线下活动，推出青少年专馆或创建青少年网站。
【详解】1 要点摘录：
①China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year.
②As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years.
③To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.
④Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers.
⑤Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The number of teenagers who visit increases each year.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers.用that引导限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
8．A possible version:
Urbanization and technology have made it difficult for children to be close to nature. Actually, outdoor play has many psychological benefits, such as recharging the brain and improving concentration, which is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD. Meanwhile, outdoor play can help children develop their sensorimotor skill through learning experience. Realizing these benefits, many organizations are offering outdoor activities.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说城市化和科技发展使得孩子们很难接近大自然。事实上，户外游戏有很多心理上的好处，比如给大脑充电，提高注意力，这对患有多动症的儿童尤其有益。同时，户外游戏可以帮助孩子通过学习体验发展他们的感觉运动技能。意识到这些好处，许多组织都提供户外活动。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①With the rise of urbanism (城市化), and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past.
②Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established.
③This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfocused. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (注意力缺陷多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area.
④Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor (感觉运动) development, according to the scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy.
⑤Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact with nature: outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage children to play in the dirt.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行简化重组，将第4个要点进行简化整合。
3.遣词造句Urbanization and technology have made it difficult for children to be close to nature. Actually, outdoor play has many psychological benefits, such as recharging the brain and improving concentration, which is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD. Meanwhile, outdoor play can help children develop their sensorimotor skill through learning experience. Realizing these benefits, many organizations are offering outdoor activities.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Actually, outdoor play has many psychological benefits, such as recharging the brain and improving concentration, which is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中动名词短语和which引导的非限定性定语从句等。。
[高分句型2] Realizing these benefits, many organizations are offering outdoor activities.运用现在分词作状语概括了第五段内容，用法比较高级。
9．One’s living environment can contribute to his health. For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood. Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. 57w
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是人们居住的空间状况会影响人们的情绪，甚至是心灵健康，通过改变一下家的一些可变音素能够让居住者拥有一个更加平静的生活。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①By controlling some of these variables, you can help to achieve a more peaceful life.
②It goes without saying that the lighting in your room or in your house can affect your mood.
③Numerous studies have demonstrated that the presence of green plants in your home can improve your mood.
④Let’s all admit it: We have trouble keeping our space clean.
⑤Choosing colors that create a calm atmosphere can be a type of therapy.
⑥Just remember: Your surroundings can make your “home sweet home” even sweeter.
2.缜密构思将第②③两个要点进行整合，将第④⑤两个要点进行整合，①⑥两个要点重组。
3.遣词造句One’s living environment can contribute to his health.
Curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.
Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended.
In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A For example, curtains should be drawn to let in more sunlight and adding more green plants will bring better mood.（运用一个并列句将两个段落的要点连接起来，同时使用动名词短语作主语使得句式结构更丰富）。
[高分句型2]：Also, tidy and clean space can help reduce pressure and appropriate color is highly recommended. （运用被动语态使句子表达不单一，使用并列连词and连接两个要点使内容更简洁，表达非常高级）
[高分句型3]：In addition, putting up photos or positive posts can be beneficial to mental health. （运用in addition将最后一个要点连接，使得更连贯，句子使用动名词短语作主语的形式）
10．One possible version:
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures. They provide humans with jobs, scenery and medicines. However, reefs aren’t well protected. One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. Fishing and diving do harm to them; water pollution and air pollution are to blame too.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的成因及对人类的益处以及珊瑚礁受到威胁的各种各样的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs
②Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats.
③Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them.
④Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs.
⑤people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
⑥Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5、6三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Coral reefs consists of skeletons of coral polyps, being home to marine species and sea creatures.
We benefit a lot from them.
However, we don’t take care of them because they are threatened by environmental problems, fishing, diving and pollution.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures.( 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中where引导的非限制性定语从句，built过去分词作的后置定语等表达高级)
[高分句型2]
One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. (运用了现在完成时表示已经造成的结果，对第四段进行了概括，due to表示原因，表达恰当)