2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题练习（有答案解析
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| 名称 | 2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题练习（有答案解析 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-11 21:44:40 | ||
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Passage 1
A few years ago, when I was caring for my seriously ill father, I lost my voice. At first, I just sounded hoarse when I was having difficult conversations about Dad's condition. But before long, I couldn't even say “Yes please” to a cup of tea without sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse. After consulting an ear, nose and throat specialist, I was told that I had lost my voice due to stress.
We're all familiar with the muscle tightening that comes with the body's natural response to stress. The muscles in and around the voice box are no exception, and a long period of stress can lead to lasting damage to the vocal cords(声带). Perhaps the most obvious thing you can do to protect your voice is to give it a rest. That doesn't mean you have to keep silent. Just try to avoid places, such as noisy bars and restaurants, where you have to speak up or shout to be heard, and move closer to people so you can talk in your normal voice. While some of the advice seems like common sense, there are a few surprises. It's important to resist the urge to cough or clear your throat before attempting to speak, for example. Coughing pushes the vocal cords together with force, which can increase the risk of losing your voice. Instead, experts suggest taking a few big yawns, making sure to breathe deeply from the bottom of your lungs. Yawning helps create more space in your throat and relaxes the muscles.
Whispering may seem the obvious way to communicate when your voice is failing, but for most of us, it causes more problems. It's far better, the researchers advise to aim to speak softly in your normal voice.
Interestingly, a University of Missouri study found that introverts(内向者) are more likely to suffer from speech related stress reactions, which affect their vocal control. Simply taking a deep breath before you speak can go a long way towards calming the nerves, says study lead author Professor Maria Dietrich.
In my case seeking more support with Dad's care helped me sound more like myself and less like Minnie within weeks.
1．What does the underlined word “hoarse” mean in the first paragraph
A．Unable to speak.
B．Unable to express oneself.
C．(Sounding) sweet and smooth.
D．(Sounding) rough and unpleasant.
2．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To make the article interesting.
C．To share the author's personal experience.
D．To offer evidence for the author's argument.
3．According to the text, what is a good way to protect your vocal cords
A．Whispering in a noisy environment.
B．Avoiding big yawns before speaking.
C．Shortening the distance from others.
D．Coughing softly to make your voice clear.
4．Why is it more likely for introverts to have vocal cord problems
A．They have difficulty in vocal control.
B．They always whisper, which may cause more problems.
C．They are probably under more pressure when speaking.
D．They always forget to take a deep breath before talking.
Passage 2
Wild animals are human's friends, an important part of the natural ecosystem, and valuable natural resources endowed(赋予)by nature.
Indian elephants, a subspecies of Asian elephants, have been considered endangered since 1986. There are only an estimated 20，000 to 25，000 Indian elephants left in the wild, and the global population is believed to be decreasing.
Habitat loss is widely considered a direct threat to Indian elephants. Recent economic growth and subsequent increased development in Asia are the main causes of this habitat loss. From expanding human settlements and mining to converting land to plantations and infrastructure(基础建设), many activities can block migratory elephant routes and drive them into smaller sub populations. When animals are forced into smaller pockets of populations, they risk losing genetic diversity and have a higher chance of dying from disease and natural disasters.
In India, elephants have faced a 70% population decline over the last 60 years. When accounting for climate change projections, scientists predict that the elephant population in the country could lose over 40% of its habitat by 2070.
As elephants lose their habitats to human settlements and development, interactions between humans and elephants also rise. Elephant populations, especially those living outside of protected areas, wander into agricultural lands in search of food and cause crop or property loss. Even worse, these impacts may cause farmers and residents to retaliate against the elephants if they believe their assets are in danger. Poison or other deadly methods have been used.
Although countries like India, Vietnam, and Myanmar have completely banned the capture of wild elephants for any purpose, illegal hunting still happens in those and other nations where Indian elephants live.
Countries around the world are taking action to protect Indian elephants. In parts of Myanmar, teams of rangers work to protect and co manage wild elephant populations with the Wildlife Conservation Society. They use the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool(SMART), a geographic information systems based software to systematically collect, manage, analyze, and report data collected from forests. With SMART, park managers can deploy rangers strategically in hotpots for illegal hunting or other illegal activities, manage efforts, and organize resources.
5．What is the immediate cause of the decline of Indian elephant's number
A．The growth of economy.
B．The loss of their habitat.
C．The change of the climate.
D．The increase of illegal hunting.
6．What do the figures in Paragraph 4 show
A．The main change of ecosystem.
B．The main features of Indian elephants.
C．The problems caused by Indian elephants.
D．The severity of Indian elephants' situation.
7．How does the SMART work
A．By completely preventing hunting.
B．By collecting and reporting data collected from forests.
C.By founding the Wildlife Conservation Society.
D．By counting the population of wildlife.
8. What's the purpose of this text
A．To advertise for Indian elephants.
B．To attract tourists to watch Indian elephants.
C．To appeal to people to protect Indian elephants.
D．To introduce Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool.
Passage 3
Why do we choose to help one another There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.
Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand. And a surprising new set of research studies have found that sleep loss may affect our generosity at different levels.
Researchers at University of California, Berkley, led three small studies to explore generosity. In one study, they exposed a group of healthy adults to a night of 8 hours of sleep and a night with no sleep. Researchers scanned the participants' brains after each night. After a sleepless night, areas of the brain involved in empathy and helping behavior were less active. In fact, when the study participants were sleepless at night, 78% of them demonstrated a reduction in the desire to help others.
In the next study, researchers tracked 136 people through online questionnaires and sleep diaries for a few days. They wanted to see if nightly variations in sleep affected their desire to help others. They found that, when sleep quality worsened from one night to the next, there was a major decrease in “helping choices” and vice versa.
The third study looked at how sleep loss affected generosity on a larger scale. The researchers analyzed data from over 3 million charitable donations made in the U．S.. They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time (DST) in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.
Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks.This drop wasn't seen in regions that didn't observe the time change. It showed that insufficient sleep triggered by the time change impacted donation behavior.
All these results suggest that insufficient sleep makes us less compassionate and helpful. Throughout the world, more than half of adults don't get enough sleep during the workweek, but we should all start valuing adequate sleep rather than treating it like something optional or unproductive. If so, it will enable us to be more helpful and to be the best versions of ourselves.
9．What's the writing purpose of the first paragraph
A．To start a heated discussion.
B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To present a social phenomenon.
D．To show the author's conclusion.
10．What does the underlined word “alacrity” mean in the second paragraph
A．Understanding. B．Ability.
C．Awareness. D．Eagerness.
11．What can we infer from the three studies
A．People observing DST are likely to donate less.
B．People change their clocks to have more empathy.
C．Sleep quality determines the desire to give a hand.
D．Sleep loss can severely affect helping behavior.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Sleep Triggers Behavior
B．Adequate Sleep: A Healthy Person
C．Sleep Influences Generosity
D．Sound Sleep: A Productive Person
Passage 4
My son's seventh birthday is approaching, so conversation at my house has naturally turned to organizing his party.
For his sixth birthday, we booked the local trampoline(蹦床) park. This worked out well. But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds. This year, I'm trying to convince him that the dinosaur themed park down the road offers just as much fun—and you don't even need to wear special socks! This will be cheaper, because we aren't required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.
But I still keep pondering over one thing—party bags. Why should a bunch of seven year olds, who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar, also be handed a bag full of pound shop gifts for simply bothering to show up
Party bags are an environmental disaster. I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year, and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance, which means 400 plastic bags in total. Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys, almost all of which fall apart on the journey home and then get__binned instantly. The waste is shocking, and I don't want to be part of it.
I know there are some party bag alternatives: one couple I know covered a table with Mr.Men books and got the kids to choose one each. At another party, I saw the hosts fill a bucket with soft toys and crumpled newspaper, and do a lucky dip (抽奖). Admirable efforts.
Even if that is a nice try, and even if the contents in the party bags don't fall apart, so what Will our guests think more highly of our child because of the party bags from our party Will my child's ability to make and keep friends be improved
Well, the tradition for kid's party bags ends with me, and it ends here, and it ends now. Who's with me
13．Why does the author recommend the dinosaur themed park
A．Because it's more enjoyable.
B．Because it provides socks.
C．Because it can reduce cost.
D．Because it offers free tickets.
14．What may be put in party bags
A．Gifts brought by guests.
B．Gifts prepared by hosts.
C．Gifts distributed by parks.
D．Gift a donated by charities.
15．What is the author's attitude towards party bags
A．Intolerant. B．Objective.
C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.
16．What do the underlined words “get binned” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Be recycled. B．Be repaired.
C．Be thrown away. D．Be given away.
Passage 5
One summer midnight, standing outside a wooden house in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, I looked up. The sight of thousands of stars was almost enough to make me, a non believer, offer a word of gratitude up into the star filled sky. But to whom Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of TheDarknessManifesto．
A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two thirds of the churches in Sweden housed bat caves. Not any longer. “Today, this number has been reduced by a third due to light pollution, because the churches all glow brightly in the night.” he writes.
We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit. The night sky in Hong Kong is 1，200 times brighter than an unlit one. Citizens of some large cities, writes Eklof, have never allowed their eyes to adapt to true night vision. But we are only now beginning to understand the effects.
Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.
So how can we deal with the too much light In 2019, France passed laws limiting how much light can be sent into the sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city's lights are turned off at 11 p．m. Some measures, like artificial lights that do not reflect light upward, are already within our grasp. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don't want to, because darkness is not safe for everyone.” said Eklof in a recent interview. “So it's vital we find a middle way.”
Right now, it's hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by environmentally low impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.
17．What do we know about Eklofs work
A．It reduces light pollution.
B．It focuses on stars and sky.
C．It strengthens people's belief.
D．It requires a specific condition.
18．What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in Paragraph 3
A．Darkness. B．An unlit city.
C．Floodlighting. D．The night sky.
19．What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about regarding light pollution
A．Cause and damage.
B．Effect and solution.
C．Consequence and disadvantage.
D．Analysis and potential.
20．What is the writer's attitude toward lighting management
A．Balanced. B．Negative.
C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
Passage 6
For much of human history, ethical (道德的) behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule: do to others as you would have them do to you. But the rule is imperfect. What you want in a given situation may not be what another person desires at all.
In the medical field, making or influencing choices for others can make all the difference. Such choices impact people's quality of life and even their chances of survival. As health care becomes more individualized, the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the “platinum (白金) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov: do to others as they would want done to themselves.
Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year. He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen, who was severely disabled. The care doctor, after seeing her twisted (扭曲的) body, was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question: Did Ellen read magazines “The question was frightening.” Chochinov writes, “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen... but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life, but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor's sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule. “That's when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained.
Time is a limited resource in the health care system, and there's no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours. Still, Chochinov believes such investment is cost effective. There are benefits for doctors as well. “When they emotionally connect to their patients, they do a better job.”
In certain cases, doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule. But there is value in the effort: at the very least, their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices.
21．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field
A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment.
B．To help doctors acquire accurate information.
C．To increase chances of survival for patients.
D.To make person centered care accessible to patients．
22．What can we learn from Ellen's story
A．A health crisis caused her disability.
B．The doctor was curious about her hobby.
C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs.
D.Her brother sang high praises for the treatment.
23．Which statement might Chochinov agree with
A．Health care system needs investing.
B.Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding.
C.Trust between doctors and patients is important.
D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout.
24．What is the author's attitude towards the platinum rule
A．Objective. B．Favorable.
C．Careful. D．Unclear.
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者通过一次失声的经历，讲述如何保护嗓子。
1．答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面一句中的“...I lost my voice.”以及下文的“...sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse.”可推断，作者的声音变得沙哑难听。故选D。
2．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了保护嗓子的方法。作者用自己的一段亲身经历开头，目的是为了引出文章的主体部分。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...and move closer to people so you can talk in your normal voice.”可知，可以通过缩短与谈话人的距离来降低说话的音量，从而达到保护嗓子的目的。故选C。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...introverts(内向者)are more likely to suffer from speech related stress reactions, which affect their vocal control.”可知，内向者跟人聊天时内心压力更大，声带受压力影响，更容易损坏。故选C。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍印度象濒临灭绝，各国正在积极采取措施保护印度象。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Habitat loss is widely considered a direct threat to Indian elephants.”可知，印度象数量下降的直接原因是它们栖息地的丧失。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段“In India, elephants have faced a 70% population decline over the last 60 years. When accounting for climate change projections, scientists predict that the elephant population in the country could lose over 40% of its habitat by 2070.”可推断，作者用数据表明印度象处境艰难。
7．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“They use the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool(SMART), a geographic information systems based software to systematically collect, manage, analyze, and report data collected from forests.”可知，SMART是一种软件，是通过收集和报告从森林收集的数据来工作的。
8．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Countries around the world are taking action to protect Indian elephants.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁大家保护印度象。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。
9．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Why do we choose to help one another There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.”可知，第一段提出了我们可能帮助别人的原因，第二段“Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings.”指出一项研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人类去帮助别人，这是文章的主题，由此可推知，第一段的写作目的是引出文章话题，故选B。
10．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand.”可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。换言之，良好的睡眠促使人们乐意去帮助别人，由此可推知，画线单词“alacrity”意为“乐意”，故选D。
11．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time(DST)in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.”和倒数第二段中“Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks.”可推知，用夏时制的人们可能会捐赠较少。故选A。
12．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand.”可知，文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。故选C。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者儿子的七岁生日快到了，作者打算今年在路边的恐龙主题公园为儿子过生日，因为这会节省很多钱，同时作者认为由主人给参加聚会的孩子准备的派对包是一种浪费，作者坚决抵制。
13．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds. ... This will be cheaper, because we aren't required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.”可知，作者推荐恐龙主题公园的原因是它可以降低成本，故选C。
14．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Why should a bunch of seven year olds, who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar, also be handed a bag full of pound shop gifts for simply bothering to show up？”和第四段中“I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year, and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance, which means 400 plastic bags in total.”和第五段中“I know there are some party bag alternatives: one couple I know covered a table with Mr. Men books and got the kids to choose one each.”可知，派对包里装有主人准备的礼物。
15．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Well, the tradition for kid's party bags ends with me, and it ends here, and it ends now. Who's with me？”可推知，作者不能忍受派对包，故选A。
16．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys, almost all of which fall apart on the journey home and then get__binned instantly.”和画线短语下文“The waste is shocking, and I don't want to be part of it.”可知，作者说派对包会被浪费掉，这说明派对包里的玩具在回家的路上都会散架，然后被扔掉，由此可推知，画线短语“get binned”意为“被扔掉”，故选C。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍光污染对动物造成的影响，以及当前的一些应对办法。
17．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light.”可知，Eklof 的工作需要特定的条件——没有光线污染的黑暗。
18．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据第三段的“We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit.”可知，晚上我们开车经过任何一个城市都会注意到空的地方都有强光。由此猜测，it指的是强力照明的情况。
19．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。第四段介绍了强力照明带来的影响；第五段主要介绍了应对光污染的方法。即四、五段是关于光污染的影响和解决方法。
20．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“middle way”有可能是让人们使用对环境影响小的灯照明，也可能让天空挂满了小月亮。由此推知，作者对解决光污染的方法持中立态度。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了医学领域实施的“白金法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。
21．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“As health care becomes more individualized, the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the ‘platinum (白金) rule’ proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov: do to others as they would want done to themselves.”可知，将“白金法则”引入医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。
22．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生很少考虑到她的需要。
23．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推断，乔奇诺夫认为花时间了解病人是值得的。
24．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In certain cases, doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule. But there is value in the effort: at the very least, their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices.”可知，作者认为“白金法则”虽然难以应用，但是努力是值得的，因为医生努力解决问题将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者支持“白金法则”。
A few years ago, when I was caring for my seriously ill father, I lost my voice. At first, I just sounded hoarse when I was having difficult conversations about Dad's condition. But before long, I couldn't even say “Yes please” to a cup of tea without sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse. After consulting an ear, nose and throat specialist, I was told that I had lost my voice due to stress.
We're all familiar with the muscle tightening that comes with the body's natural response to stress. The muscles in and around the voice box are no exception, and a long period of stress can lead to lasting damage to the vocal cords(声带). Perhaps the most obvious thing you can do to protect your voice is to give it a rest. That doesn't mean you have to keep silent. Just try to avoid places, such as noisy bars and restaurants, where you have to speak up or shout to be heard, and move closer to people so you can talk in your normal voice. While some of the advice seems like common sense, there are a few surprises. It's important to resist the urge to cough or clear your throat before attempting to speak, for example. Coughing pushes the vocal cords together with force, which can increase the risk of losing your voice. Instead, experts suggest taking a few big yawns, making sure to breathe deeply from the bottom of your lungs. Yawning helps create more space in your throat and relaxes the muscles.
Whispering may seem the obvious way to communicate when your voice is failing, but for most of us, it causes more problems. It's far better, the researchers advise to aim to speak softly in your normal voice.
Interestingly, a University of Missouri study found that introverts(内向者) are more likely to suffer from speech related stress reactions, which affect their vocal control. Simply taking a deep breath before you speak can go a long way towards calming the nerves, says study lead author Professor Maria Dietrich.
In my case seeking more support with Dad's care helped me sound more like myself and less like Minnie within weeks.
1．What does the underlined word “hoarse” mean in the first paragraph
A．Unable to speak.
B．Unable to express oneself.
C．(Sounding) sweet and smooth.
D．(Sounding) rough and unpleasant.
2．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To make the article interesting.
C．To share the author's personal experience.
D．To offer evidence for the author's argument.
3．According to the text, what is a good way to protect your vocal cords
A．Whispering in a noisy environment.
B．Avoiding big yawns before speaking.
C．Shortening the distance from others.
D．Coughing softly to make your voice clear.
4．Why is it more likely for introverts to have vocal cord problems
A．They have difficulty in vocal control.
B．They always whisper, which may cause more problems.
C．They are probably under more pressure when speaking.
D．They always forget to take a deep breath before talking.
Passage 2
Wild animals are human's friends, an important part of the natural ecosystem, and valuable natural resources endowed(赋予)by nature.
Indian elephants, a subspecies of Asian elephants, have been considered endangered since 1986. There are only an estimated 20，000 to 25，000 Indian elephants left in the wild, and the global population is believed to be decreasing.
Habitat loss is widely considered a direct threat to Indian elephants. Recent economic growth and subsequent increased development in Asia are the main causes of this habitat loss. From expanding human settlements and mining to converting land to plantations and infrastructure(基础建设), many activities can block migratory elephant routes and drive them into smaller sub populations. When animals are forced into smaller pockets of populations, they risk losing genetic diversity and have a higher chance of dying from disease and natural disasters.
In India, elephants have faced a 70% population decline over the last 60 years. When accounting for climate change projections, scientists predict that the elephant population in the country could lose over 40% of its habitat by 2070.
As elephants lose their habitats to human settlements and development, interactions between humans and elephants also rise. Elephant populations, especially those living outside of protected areas, wander into agricultural lands in search of food and cause crop or property loss. Even worse, these impacts may cause farmers and residents to retaliate against the elephants if they believe their assets are in danger. Poison or other deadly methods have been used.
Although countries like India, Vietnam, and Myanmar have completely banned the capture of wild elephants for any purpose, illegal hunting still happens in those and other nations where Indian elephants live.
Countries around the world are taking action to protect Indian elephants. In parts of Myanmar, teams of rangers work to protect and co manage wild elephant populations with the Wildlife Conservation Society. They use the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool(SMART), a geographic information systems based software to systematically collect, manage, analyze, and report data collected from forests. With SMART, park managers can deploy rangers strategically in hotpots for illegal hunting or other illegal activities, manage efforts, and organize resources.
5．What is the immediate cause of the decline of Indian elephant's number
A．The growth of economy.
B．The loss of their habitat.
C．The change of the climate.
D．The increase of illegal hunting.
6．What do the figures in Paragraph 4 show
A．The main change of ecosystem.
B．The main features of Indian elephants.
C．The problems caused by Indian elephants.
D．The severity of Indian elephants' situation.
7．How does the SMART work
A．By completely preventing hunting.
B．By collecting and reporting data collected from forests.
C.By founding the Wildlife Conservation Society.
D．By counting the population of wildlife.
8. What's the purpose of this text
A．To advertise for Indian elephants.
B．To attract tourists to watch Indian elephants.
C．To appeal to people to protect Indian elephants.
D．To introduce Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool.
Passage 3
Why do we choose to help one another There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.
Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand. And a surprising new set of research studies have found that sleep loss may affect our generosity at different levels.
Researchers at University of California, Berkley, led three small studies to explore generosity. In one study, they exposed a group of healthy adults to a night of 8 hours of sleep and a night with no sleep. Researchers scanned the participants' brains after each night. After a sleepless night, areas of the brain involved in empathy and helping behavior were less active. In fact, when the study participants were sleepless at night, 78% of them demonstrated a reduction in the desire to help others.
In the next study, researchers tracked 136 people through online questionnaires and sleep diaries for a few days. They wanted to see if nightly variations in sleep affected their desire to help others. They found that, when sleep quality worsened from one night to the next, there was a major decrease in “helping choices” and vice versa.
The third study looked at how sleep loss affected generosity on a larger scale. The researchers analyzed data from over 3 million charitable donations made in the U．S.. They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time (DST) in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.
Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks.This drop wasn't seen in regions that didn't observe the time change. It showed that insufficient sleep triggered by the time change impacted donation behavior.
All these results suggest that insufficient sleep makes us less compassionate and helpful. Throughout the world, more than half of adults don't get enough sleep during the workweek, but we should all start valuing adequate sleep rather than treating it like something optional or unproductive. If so, it will enable us to be more helpful and to be the best versions of ourselves.
9．What's the writing purpose of the first paragraph
A．To start a heated discussion.
B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To present a social phenomenon.
D．To show the author's conclusion.
10．What does the underlined word “alacrity” mean in the second paragraph
A．Understanding. B．Ability.
C．Awareness. D．Eagerness.
11．What can we infer from the three studies
A．People observing DST are likely to donate less.
B．People change their clocks to have more empathy.
C．Sleep quality determines the desire to give a hand.
D．Sleep loss can severely affect helping behavior.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Sleep Triggers Behavior
B．Adequate Sleep: A Healthy Person
C．Sleep Influences Generosity
D．Sound Sleep: A Productive Person
Passage 4
My son's seventh birthday is approaching, so conversation at my house has naturally turned to organizing his party.
For his sixth birthday, we booked the local trampoline(蹦床) park. This worked out well. But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds. This year, I'm trying to convince him that the dinosaur themed park down the road offers just as much fun—and you don't even need to wear special socks! This will be cheaper, because we aren't required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.
But I still keep pondering over one thing—party bags. Why should a bunch of seven year olds, who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar, also be handed a bag full of pound shop gifts for simply bothering to show up
Party bags are an environmental disaster. I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year, and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance, which means 400 plastic bags in total. Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys, almost all of which fall apart on the journey home and then get__binned instantly. The waste is shocking, and I don't want to be part of it.
I know there are some party bag alternatives: one couple I know covered a table with Mr.Men books and got the kids to choose one each. At another party, I saw the hosts fill a bucket with soft toys and crumpled newspaper, and do a lucky dip (抽奖). Admirable efforts.
Even if that is a nice try, and even if the contents in the party bags don't fall apart, so what Will our guests think more highly of our child because of the party bags from our party Will my child's ability to make and keep friends be improved
Well, the tradition for kid's party bags ends with me, and it ends here, and it ends now. Who's with me
13．Why does the author recommend the dinosaur themed park
A．Because it's more enjoyable.
B．Because it provides socks.
C．Because it can reduce cost.
D．Because it offers free tickets.
14．What may be put in party bags
A．Gifts brought by guests.
B．Gifts prepared by hosts.
C．Gifts distributed by parks.
D．Gift a donated by charities.
15．What is the author's attitude towards party bags
A．Intolerant. B．Objective.
C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.
16．What do the underlined words “get binned” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Be recycled. B．Be repaired.
C．Be thrown away. D．Be given away.
Passage 5
One summer midnight, standing outside a wooden house in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, I looked up. The sight of thousands of stars was almost enough to make me, a non believer, offer a word of gratitude up into the star filled sky. But to whom Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of TheDarknessManifesto．
A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two thirds of the churches in Sweden housed bat caves. Not any longer. “Today, this number has been reduced by a third due to light pollution, because the churches all glow brightly in the night.” he writes.
We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit. The night sky in Hong Kong is 1，200 times brighter than an unlit one. Citizens of some large cities, writes Eklof, have never allowed their eyes to adapt to true night vision. But we are only now beginning to understand the effects.
Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.
So how can we deal with the too much light In 2019, France passed laws limiting how much light can be sent into the sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city's lights are turned off at 11 p．m. Some measures, like artificial lights that do not reflect light upward, are already within our grasp. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don't want to, because darkness is not safe for everyone.” said Eklof in a recent interview. “So it's vital we find a middle way.”
Right now, it's hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by environmentally low impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.
17．What do we know about Eklofs work
A．It reduces light pollution.
B．It focuses on stars and sky.
C．It strengthens people's belief.
D．It requires a specific condition.
18．What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in Paragraph 3
A．Darkness. B．An unlit city.
C．Floodlighting. D．The night sky.
19．What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about regarding light pollution
A．Cause and damage.
B．Effect and solution.
C．Consequence and disadvantage.
D．Analysis and potential.
20．What is the writer's attitude toward lighting management
A．Balanced. B．Negative.
C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
Passage 6
For much of human history, ethical (道德的) behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule: do to others as you would have them do to you. But the rule is imperfect. What you want in a given situation may not be what another person desires at all.
In the medical field, making or influencing choices for others can make all the difference. Such choices impact people's quality of life and even their chances of survival. As health care becomes more individualized, the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the “platinum (白金) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov: do to others as they would want done to themselves.
Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year. He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen, who was severely disabled. The care doctor, after seeing her twisted (扭曲的) body, was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question: Did Ellen read magazines “The question was frightening.” Chochinov writes, “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen... but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life, but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor's sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule. “That's when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained.
Time is a limited resource in the health care system, and there's no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours. Still, Chochinov believes such investment is cost effective. There are benefits for doctors as well. “When they emotionally connect to their patients, they do a better job.”
In certain cases, doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule. But there is value in the effort: at the very least, their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices.
21．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field
A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment.
B．To help doctors acquire accurate information.
C．To increase chances of survival for patients.
D.To make person centered care accessible to patients．
22．What can we learn from Ellen's story
A．A health crisis caused her disability.
B．The doctor was curious about her hobby.
C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs.
D.Her brother sang high praises for the treatment.
23．Which statement might Chochinov agree with
A．Health care system needs investing.
B.Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding.
C.Trust between doctors and patients is important.
D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout.
24．What is the author's attitude towards the platinum rule
A．Objective. B．Favorable.
C．Careful. D．Unclear.
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者通过一次失声的经历，讲述如何保护嗓子。
1．答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面一句中的“...I lost my voice.”以及下文的“...sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse.”可推断，作者的声音变得沙哑难听。故选D。
2．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了保护嗓子的方法。作者用自己的一段亲身经历开头，目的是为了引出文章的主体部分。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...and move closer to people so you can talk in your normal voice.”可知，可以通过缩短与谈话人的距离来降低说话的音量，从而达到保护嗓子的目的。故选C。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...introverts(内向者)are more likely to suffer from speech related stress reactions, which affect their vocal control.”可知，内向者跟人聊天时内心压力更大，声带受压力影响，更容易损坏。故选C。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍印度象濒临灭绝，各国正在积极采取措施保护印度象。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Habitat loss is widely considered a direct threat to Indian elephants.”可知，印度象数量下降的直接原因是它们栖息地的丧失。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段“In India, elephants have faced a 70% population decline over the last 60 years. When accounting for climate change projections, scientists predict that the elephant population in the country could lose over 40% of its habitat by 2070.”可推断，作者用数据表明印度象处境艰难。
7．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“They use the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool(SMART), a geographic information systems based software to systematically collect, manage, analyze, and report data collected from forests.”可知，SMART是一种软件，是通过收集和报告从森林收集的数据来工作的。
8．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Countries around the world are taking action to protect Indian elephants.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁大家保护印度象。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。
9．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Why do we choose to help one another There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.”可知，第一段提出了我们可能帮助别人的原因，第二段“Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings.”指出一项研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人类去帮助别人，这是文章的主题，由此可推知，第一段的写作目的是引出文章话题，故选B。
10．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand.”可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。换言之，良好的睡眠促使人们乐意去帮助别人，由此可推知，画线单词“alacrity”意为“乐意”，故选D。
11．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time(DST)in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.”和倒数第二段中“Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks.”可推知，用夏时制的人们可能会捐赠较少。故选A。
12．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand.”可知，文章主要讲述了睡眠与人们帮助他人的行为有关。事实上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。故选C。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者儿子的七岁生日快到了，作者打算今年在路边的恐龙主题公园为儿子过生日，因为这会节省很多钱，同时作者认为由主人给参加聚会的孩子准备的派对包是一种浪费，作者坚决抵制。
13．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds. ... This will be cheaper, because we aren't required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.”可知，作者推荐恐龙主题公园的原因是它可以降低成本，故选C。
14．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Why should a bunch of seven year olds, who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar, also be handed a bag full of pound shop gifts for simply bothering to show up？”和第四段中“I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year, and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance, which means 400 plastic bags in total.”和第五段中“I know there are some party bag alternatives: one couple I know covered a table with Mr. Men books and got the kids to choose one each.”可知，派对包里装有主人准备的礼物。
15．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Well, the tradition for kid's party bags ends with me, and it ends here, and it ends now. Who's with me？”可推知，作者不能忍受派对包，故选A。
16．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys, almost all of which fall apart on the journey home and then get__binned instantly.”和画线短语下文“The waste is shocking, and I don't want to be part of it.”可知，作者说派对包会被浪费掉，这说明派对包里的玩具在回家的路上都会散架，然后被扔掉，由此可推知，画线短语“get binned”意为“被扔掉”，故选C。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍光污染对动物造成的影响，以及当前的一些应对办法。
17．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light.”可知，Eklof 的工作需要特定的条件——没有光线污染的黑暗。
18．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据第三段的“We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit.”可知，晚上我们开车经过任何一个城市都会注意到空的地方都有强光。由此猜测，it指的是强力照明的情况。
19．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。第四段介绍了强力照明带来的影响；第五段主要介绍了应对光污染的方法。即四、五段是关于光污染的影响和解决方法。
20．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“middle way”有可能是让人们使用对环境影响小的灯照明，也可能让天空挂满了小月亮。由此推知，作者对解决光污染的方法持中立态度。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了医学领域实施的“白金法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。
21．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“As health care becomes more individualized, the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the ‘platinum (白金) rule’ proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov: do to others as they would want done to themselves.”可知，将“白金法则”引入医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。
22．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生很少考虑到她的需要。
23．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推断，乔奇诺夫认为花时间了解病人是值得的。
24．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In certain cases, doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule. But there is value in the effort: at the very least, their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices.”可知，作者认为“白金法则”虽然难以应用，但是努力是值得的，因为医生努力解决问题将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者支持“白金法则”。