2024年高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第一讲　细节理解题 课件（共50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
2022—2023高考真题语篇及题型分析表
年份 卷别 篇目 文体 主题语境 语篇话题 题型
细节 理解题 推理 判断题 主旨 大意题 词义
猜测题
2023 新高考 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 MacBike自行车租赁和带导游的城市游览项目 7 6 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 生态设计
C 说明文 人与自我 数字极简主义
D 说明文 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应新发现
新高考 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 美国黄石国家公园护林员项目介绍 6 7 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自我 学校菜园项目
C 说明文 人与社会 《阅读的艺术》书籍介绍
D 说明文 人与自然 城市中的自然场所有益于健康
全国 甲卷 A 应用文 人与社会 曼谷的四家美食餐厅 9 5 0 1
B 记叙文 人与自我 DIY
C 说明文 人与社会 《苏格拉底快车》
D 说明文 人与自然 美国灰熊生存环境和状况
全国 乙卷 A 应用文 人与社会 四位杰出的女性医生 5 8 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自我 摄影经历
C 说明文 人与社会 英国人饮食和烹饪方式的变化
D 说明文 人与社会 讲述历史需结合实物
2022 新高考 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与自我 课程评分规则 6 7 1 1
B 夹叙 夹议文 人与自然 减少粮食浪费
C 记叙文 人与社会 关爱养老院老人的养鸡项目
D 说明文 人与社会 人类语音的发展与人 类饮食变化之间的关系
新高考 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 儿童博物馆团体游 7 5 1 2
B 夹叙 夹议文 人与社会 孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑
C 说明文 人与社会 Textalyzer
D 说明文 人与自然 锻炼对于心脏的好处
全国 甲卷 A 应用文 人与社会 Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所 8 3 3 1
B 说明文 人与自然 会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉
C 记叙文 人与社会 71岁的Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲旅程
D 夹叙 夹议文 人与社会 悉尼发展中新旧文化的 冲突
全国 乙卷 A 应用文 人与社会 为纪念画家Henry Raeburn进行的展览的相关情况 9 4 1 1
B 应用文 人与社会 对Dorothy Wickenden的书籍进行的介绍和评价
C 说明文 人与社会 高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用
D 说明文 人与社会 英国政府对软饮料征收糖税来降低儿童肥胖率
考情 分析 1.选材:取材广泛,话题新颖,坚持“方向是核心,平稳是关键”的原则,深化基础性,考查关键能力,发挥高考育人和积极导向的作用。
2.热点:融入中国优秀传统文化,引导学生坚定理想信念,增强文化自信,培养考生自信自强的品质。
3.变化
(1)和百姓生活息息相关,倡导健康生活,如2023年新高考Ⅰ卷B篇讲述了John Todd从小就热爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
(2)与新时代生活同频,提高学生的核心素养。如2023年新高考Ⅰ卷C篇介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点,倡导简单的数字生活方式。
(3)语篇用词更加地道、灵活、巧妙、丰富,生词少,长难句不
多;越来越注重细节理解题和推理判断题的考查。
第一讲　细节理解题
[命题特点]
细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节的理解,该题型在高考英语阅读中占了较大的比重,考点主要有直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题。细节理解题对细节进行提问,考查学生的跳读能力以及对文章相关内容的理解能力。细节理解题的答题依据是文章内容本身。
[题型解读]
直接信息题一般都能在文中直接找到明确的信息,往往只考查文章中的个别事实,通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。
题目相对比较简单,但由于命题人会把文中语言(词汇或结构)“改头换面”来表达相同的意思,因此还需考生进行更进一步地理解和比对才能得出答案。
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷,A篇片段)
　　Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum,Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
(　　)23.Where does the guided city tour start
A.The Gooyer Windmill.
B.The Skinny Bridge.
C.Heineken Brewery.
D.Dam Square.
√
答案及剖析:D　直接信息题。根据题干中的关键词“the guided city tour”“where”“start”定位到该段的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour”。由此可知,有导游的城市观光每天从Dam Square出发。
[题型解读]
间接信息题答案的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷,D篇片段)
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study.
(　　)35.What should be done before we can
interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study.
B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education.
D.Intercultural communication.
√
答案及剖析:B　间接信息题。首先根据题干中的关键词“according to Kahn”“before we can interact with nature”定位到本段Kahn说的话,锁定“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”,比对选项,B项“Environmental conservation”与原文中的“protect nature”是同义复现,故选B。
[题型解读]
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说,从数学的角度讲,计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度讲,理解文中相应复杂句是解答这类题的关键。
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷,A篇片段)
　　Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake,
No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
(　　)22.How much do you pay for renting a bike
with hand brake and three gears for two
days
A. 15.75. B. 19.50.
C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
√
答案及剖析:C　数字计算题。根据题干信息定位到该定价表,可知,租一辆带手刹的三档自行车一天需要14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹的三档自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
A
(2023·张家口高三5月模拟)
Sewing is an art.It is one that takes patience,time,and true talent.Julia,a woman from Chicago,is the definition of a talented tailor.
Julia’s inspiration for her designs comes from her grandma’s sketches (草图) from the 1940s.Julia’s grandma went to fashion school in her late teens and dropped out but she kept many of her sketches.Grandma showed Julia the designs she made back in fashion school,and Julia’s mind was blown.
综合运用演练
When Grandma expressed her regret for not having the opportunity to see her sketches come to life,Julia
decided not to have Grandma wait to witness it.
After sewing her grandma’s designs,Julia has been posting the final products on social media one by one,which has made popular.One of the most excellent designs she made was a beautiful gold cocktail dress,
which took Julia about two months to finish.
Julia taught herself how to sew and has no professional training.Every month or so Julia continues to make her grandma’s designs a reality.Julia says,“She was very happy.I think she loves getting to connect with me and have something to do because she’s at a stage in life where,you know,many people don’t have many things to do.I think she is really proud and excited that I have completed it.”
From the social media,Julia has even gotten offers from people willing to buy her dresses,
Julia is very pleased,but she claims since she isn’t an expert,she doesn’t feel comfortable selling them.However,seeing Julia teach herself how to sew with social media videos and design these dresses is giving her viewers the confidence to attempt something of their own!
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我　话题——Julia让奶奶的设计成为现实　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Julia自学缝纫,把奶奶设计的时装制作出来,发布到网上,受到观众欢迎的故事。
(　　)1.How did Julia like Grandma’s sketches
A.She was excited about them.
B.She thought they were out of fashion.
C.She felt regretful for their poor
preservation.
D.She thought they were inspirational to
other designers.
√
答案及剖析:
1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“ Grandma showed Julia the designs...Julia’s mind was blown.”可知,Julia对奶奶的设计图感到激动。故选A。
(　　)2.Why did Julia do sewing
A.To prove her talent.
B.To test her patience.
C.To attract people’s attention.
D.To help realize Grandma’s wish.
√
答案及剖析:
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,Julia要帮助奶奶实现愿望,所以学缝纫。故选D。
(　　)3.How did Julia learn sewing
A.She consulted professionals.
B.She attended a fashion school.
C.She learned from social media videos.
D.She followed Grandma’s instructions.
√
答案及剖析:
3.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“However,
seeing Julia teach herself how to sew...attempt something of their own!”可知,她是从社交媒体视频中学习缝纫的。故选C。
(　　)4.What is the viewers’ attitude towards
Julia’s posts on social media
A.Doubtful. B.Admiring.
C.Indifferent. D.Grateful.
√
答案及剖析:
4.B　推理判断题。第四段第一句提到,在缝制完奶奶的设计后,Julia把最终成品一个接一个地发布在社交媒体上,这很受欢迎;最后一段中提到从社交媒体上,Julia甚至收到了愿意购买她的衣服的人的报价。可知,观众对Julia在社交媒体上发布的内容很赞赏。故选B。
[疑难词汇解读]
1.one’s mind was blown 某人感到震撼或惊奇
2.offer n.报价
3.cocktail dress (正式社交场合穿的)短裙
4.claim vt.宣称,声称
B
(2023·湖北武汉部分学校高三调研)
　　Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger,or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues (色调) of sweet treats If so,you are in good company.Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting,we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value.
Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号) on food consumption and enjoyment,and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior.They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案) on taste and food enjoyment.
They note that pink food on a white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate.Apparently,we consume food with more of our senses than we realize.
So when we’re faced with so many appealing food choices and given the rainbow of colors around us,is there any way to control our appetite Thankfully,some research says yes.
Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less,colors impact consumption.They specifically researched the effect of the color red.They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate,as opposed to white or blue,
and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup.They suggested that the color red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal.
But when it comes to healthy eating,instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues,consider the value of discipline.Healthy eating involves intentional choices,not mindless responses to sensory cues.
And before you invest in much red tableware to slim down,remember that what goes onto the plates is much more important.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与社会　话题——色彩与食欲的关系　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了颜色对人的胃口有影响,同时在文章最后一段作者就健康饮食给出了建议。
(　　)5.What may be a major reason for us to
refuse eye-catching food
A.The shortage of nutrition.
B.The rich color of fine foods.
C.The doctor’s instructions.
D.Advertisements everywhere.
√
答案及剖析:
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ Unless we are...the lack of nutritional value.”可知,人们之所以可以拒绝诱人的食物,很大的原因在于有医嘱或进食限制,故选C。
(　　)6.What might be dealt with in A Review of
Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food
Acceptance and Consumption
A.Benefits of different color schemes.
B.Interesting examples of food service.
C.The potential to promote food
consumption.
D.Effects of sensory cues on eating
behavior.
√
答案及剖析:
6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption recognize...promote healthy eating behavior”可知,A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption可能讨论感官信号对饮食行为有什么影响,故选D。
(　　)7.What does the author suggest people do
in the last paragraph
A.Follow the sensory response.
B.Make food choices sensibly.
C.Wear sunglasses to block colors.
D.Avoid colorful food intentionally.
√
答案及剖析:
7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy eating involves intentional choices,not mindless responses to sensory cues...remember that what goes onto the plates is much more important.”可以看出,作者建议人们明智地做出食物选择,故选B。
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the text
A.How Can People Control Their Appetite
B.How Are People Tricked by Color
Schemes
C.How Do Colors Impact Food’s Appeal
and Appetite
D.How Do Bright Colors Make Food More
Appealing
√
答案及剖析:
8.C　标题归纳题。文章第一段引入话题,讲述了人们可能会被颜色艳丽的食物激起食欲;第二段援引研究发现证实色彩会对人的饮食行为产生影响;第三段将话题过渡到一些研究表明我们是可以控制食欲的;第四段以红色为例具体阐释颜色对进食会产生什么影响;最后一段作者就人们的饮食行为给出了建议。故C项“颜色如何影响食物的吸引力和食欲”最适合作本文的标题。
[长难句分析]
Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger,or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues (色调) of sweet treats
分析:featuring...是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰billboard;displaying a window...也是现在分词短语作后置定语,其中的形容词短语full of lively shades and hues (色调) of sweet freats作后置定语。
译文:你有没有因为匆匆看了一眼高速公路广告牌上色彩鲜艳的芝士汉堡,就突然有了胃口,或者因为橱窗里满是鲜艳色彩和色调的甜食,就决定走进一家糖果店或冰激凌店呢