2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 ：阅读理解 专题练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 ：阅读理解 专题练习（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-11 22:18:49 | ||
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Passage 1
Keeping a language alive can strengthen people's sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album (唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2，000 fluent speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year.
The album, tilted DOAP oaV and pronounced ‘Ah’ ‘Nuh’ ‘Duh’ ‘Nah’ ‘Lees’ ‘Gi’， means “Performers” in English. It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. With a planned release date of Labor Day weekend, the record company is using the platform of the National Cherokee Holiday to give this album as much exposure as possible.
Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the “music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. Featuring 12 Cherokee artists ranging from ages 14 to 50, you can see how this album is going to do a lot for the promotion of Cherokee music and can inspire people of any age to make music that connects with their heritage (遗产).
The youngest contributor on the album, Lillian Charles, is only in 8th grade but had a major contribution to the Goth pop song “Circus”—a song she wrote at the age of 12. It originally written in English, she worked with translators Bobbie Smith and Kathy Sierra to be able to fully express herself in Cherokee.
Projects like the DOAP oaV album bring a modern approach to revitalizing language and culture and encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language. On average, a native language is lost forever every two weeks, and these people want to make sure that the Cherokee language isn't one of them.
1．What can we learn about the album from Paragraph 2
A．It has various musical styles.
B．It is titled Performers in English.
C．It sings high praise of Labor Day.
D．It was exposed to the public by chance.
2．What's Jeremy Charles's expectation of the album
A．It will make a huge profit for the record company.
B．It can help the 12 artists rise to fame overnight.
C．It will satisfy the fans' demand for pop music.
D．It can fuel the youth's interest in Cherokee language.
3．Which can best replace the underlined word “revitalizing” in the last paragraph
A．Translating. B．Reviewing.
C．Restoring. D．Creating.
4．What's the best title of the text
A．Alarming! The Cherokee Language Is Dying
B.Amazing! An 8th Grader Is Releasing an Album
C.Bringing Music to Life with Modern Technology
D．Preserving a Language Through the Power of Music
Passage 2
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping__technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children's development, both academically and emotionally. Modern parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.
A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣)，clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. Domestic helpers were also not the norm then, hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities, common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors, rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.
There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.
5．What does the underlined word “tapping” mean in paragraph 1
A．Employing. B．Tracking.
C．Monitoring. D．Identifying.
6．What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting
A．Flexible. B．Efficient.
C．Conventional. D．Overinvolved.
7．What do we know about parents in the past
A．They educated kids in a rigid way.
B．They overestimated their kids' independence．
C.They afforded kids more space for self growth.
D.They tended to stay away from social activities.
8．What does the text mainly tell us
A．How to raise all round children.
B．How to enhance parent child bonds.
C．How parenting modes have shifted over the years.
D．How information technology boosts people's lifestyles.
Passage 3
Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don't eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet
Pandas today don't eat meat. However, they've kept much of their meat eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low metabolic (新陈代谢的)，lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return.
The giant panda's shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change.
Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this,__they have developed a long “fake thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize object such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda's tongue is different. While other bears and many meat eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (凸出物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo.
Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals.
9．Why are the numbers mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.To illustrate the variety of food.
B．To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas.
C．To describe the changes of living environment.
D.To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system.
10．What caused pandas' change in diet
A．The low metabolic ability.
B．The amino acids in meat.
C．The Taslrl gene's inactivation.
D．The supplies of bamboo.
11．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Seizing bamboo shoots.
B．The low energy return.
C．Developing more fingers.
D．The vegetarian diet.
12．Which aspect of pandas does Paragraph 4 focus on
A．The preference for bamboo.
B．The evolutionary feature in eating.
C．The unique lifestyle.
D．The special appearance.
Passage 4
Crossing Phoenix, Arizona, are 180 miles of canals. In 1867, the city's founding father, Jack Swilling saw the remains of irrigation (灌溉) channels wandering across the landscape. He realized that, centuries before, some society had farmed this desert. Soon after, Swilling began clearing the blocked canals to bring agriculture back to the region.
Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals. “A great race once lived here and another great race will live here in the future，” he considered. “I predict that a new city will spring, phoenix like, from the ruins and ashes of the old.”
Gary Huckleberry, a researcher, said, “In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it's over distributed. We've got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that I think there's something to be learned by looking at past societies who managed water for thousands of years.”
That great society was the Hohokam. Between 100 and 1450 AD, they constructed 1，000 miles of canals. As the Hohokam expanded their network, they constantly repaired, cleaned and diverted the canals. “It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it，” Henderson, a scientist, said. “Users would have to agree to certain conditions to keep the entire system going.” The Hohokam committed to sharing water and put themselves on timetables.
The Hohokam used canal irrigation for 3，000 years. “That, to me, is the definition of sustainable development，” Huckleberry said. “They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble. I think one of the key lessons is that you don't put all your eggs in one basket.”
13．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The reconstruction of canals.
B．The origin of the city's name Phoenix.
C．The discovery of the irrigation channels.
D．The agricultural development in the settlement.
14．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The source of water.
B．The climate change.
C．The population growth.
D．The over distribution of water.
15．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam
A．They were expert in farming.
B．They were poor at time management.
C．They had a strong sense of team spirit.
D．They fought for their rights to use water.
16．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with
A．Canal irrigation is out of date.
B．Sustainable development matters.
C．Farming can solve current trouble.
D．The loss of soils is worse than before.
Passage 5
Quantum theory (量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever. Yet, a century after its birth, something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory. It does not tell us how physical systems behave. Instead, it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later. What happens in between The theory simply doesn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on. Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory. Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else. Perhaps this is precisely what “properties” are: the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup's surface. Its being “a teacup” refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn't know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then, it comes with a lesson. We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human kind faces as a whole.
17．What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text
A．How physical systems behave.
B．How to treat physical systems.
C．What effects one has on itself.
D．What the structure of reality is.
18．How does the author explain “the effects of interactions”？
A．By giving an example.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By quoting a scientist.
D．By conducting a survey.
19．What does “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The consequence we bear.
B．The theory in classic games.
C．The fortunes individuals have.
D．The way to measure success.
20．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To clarify a physics theory.
B．To draw attention to interaction.
C．To challenge a popular idea.
D．To present reflections on games.
Passage 6
When 76 year old Antoinette Marie Williams played 17 year old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time, she__gave__Daniels__a__run__for__his__money. Paired through DOROT, a New York organization which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels' relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common.
Since its founding, DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults, in services specific to the person's needs and interests, with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.
Loneliness has been recognized as a significant social issue for many years, but the classification of loneliness as an epidemic (流行病) has emerged only in recent years. In 2018, the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness, highlighting the increasing concern around the issue. This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission, which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue.
Fortunately, there are ways to battle loneliness, including the intervention in the lives of isolated seniors by organizations like DOROT. It advocates building a support network by reaching out to family and friends, joining a community or social group, or volunteering to connect with like minded people. The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these inter generational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants, young and old.
Another way to battle loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations. Practicing self care is also encouraged, as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create.
21．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph l probably mean
A．She had a running race with Daniels.
B．Daniels felt disappointed.
C．Daniels had a tough win.
D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting.
22．What is the purpose of DOROT
A．To make technological innovation.
B．To enhance the living standards of the elderly.
C．To offer job opportunities for people of all ages.
D.To provide seniors with inter generational connection.
23．What does the author try to stress in Paragraph 3
A．The solution to loneliness.
B．The root cause of loneliness.
C．The classification of loneliness.
D．The growing attention to loneliness.
24．In which section of a newspaper does this passage probably come from
A．Society Watch. B．News Express.
C．Page Turner. D．Science Study.
Passage 7
If I have a goal in life, it isn't to be driving a Rolls Royce. It's to be giving away more than $1，000，000 a year and having an impact on people's lives. I have the success today because I always had to work for what I wanted. I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.
In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face. The world's economy was in a bad state, so I knew I would have to do__a__little__spinning__of__my__own．
Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can't” wasn't in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start up sums, I didn't make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven't looked back. Only ahead.
I'm now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500，000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places.
I have always been someone who can see the big picture and have never been distracted by things that get in the way. There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.
25．Which of the following about the author is true
A．He donated a lot of money to improve his company's image.
B．He often encountered difficulties in the process of growing up.
C．He started his own company together with a friend.
D．He changed jobs several times while in Los Angeles.
26．By saying “do__a__little__spinning__of__my__own” in the second paragraph, the author probably means he would________．
A．look for a part time job independently
B．make his contributions to the economy
C．give in to the disappointing reality
D．be self employed to develop his career
27．Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage
A．Perseverance. B．Optimism.
C．Innocence. D．Kindness.
28．Which one is probably the best title of the passage
A．Saying No to “Turning Back”
B．Tips for a Successful Business
C．Jumping over Economic Downturns
D．A Life time Pursuit of Dream
Passage 8
We have long been attracted by quick solutions that could increase our intelligence. Today, people's hopes lie in brain training apps, some of which claim to result in “smarter minds”. But is this quick solution all it is said to be
There are plenty of brain training apps, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术), memory tests and logic and pattern matching problems into quick games. Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini games, the smarter you will get. It is really a big promise.
Many of the apps say they are based on “science”， a claim I found surprising as a former neuroscientist (神经系统科学家). The concept that increasing intelligence would be as simple as practicing a few mini games every day flies__in__the__face__of what we have discovered about how humans think and learn.
After surveying thousands of users across a wide variety of apps, researchers at Western University in Canada discovered that brain training had no great effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the real world. The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little benefit to other skills.
If you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or make a complex computer program, I am afraid you will want to look elsewhere. Puzzle video games such as “Baba Is You” and “Return of the Obra Dinn”， see players apply their skill at logic, memory and concentration in a far more complex way than any brain training mini game.
29．What does the author say about brain training apps
A.They have scientific support.
B．They work in the form of games.
C．They require problem solving skills.
D．They are based on complex arithmetic.
30. What does the underlined part “flies in the face of” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Goes into details of.
B．Takes advantage of.
C．Goes against.
D．Comes from.
31．Which best describes the effects that brain training apps have on memory
A．Limited. B．Indirect.
C．Damaging. D．Far reaching.
32．What is the author's attitude to “Baba Is You”？
A．Doubtful. B．Intolerant.
C．Uninterested. D．Favorable.
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作了一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk.”可知，这张专辑中有各种各样的音乐风格。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the‘music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide’. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners.”可知，Jeremy Charles希望这张专辑可以激发年轻人对Cherokee语的兴趣。
3．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。由画线单词下文“encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language”可知，这些项目鼓励年轻观众开始学习Cherokee语，这说明这些项目能振兴语言和文化，即恢复语言和文化，由此可推知，画线单词revitalizing与C项“Restoring(恢复)”意思相近。
4．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言，D项“通过音乐的力量来保护语言”适合做文章标题，故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。
5．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices”可知，画线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用技术”。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children.”以及“They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters.”可知，“直升机式育儿”的方式，即在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。
7．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.”可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来育儿模式发生的变化。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了熊猫饮食方面的进化原因及特征。
9．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested.”可知，熊猫进食量很大，但是吸收量很小，通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The giant panda's shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat.”可知，熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。
11．答案与解析：A 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots.”可知，熊猫需要抓住又长又细的竹笋，结合下文中的“they have developed a long ‘fake thumb’ (伪拇指).”可知，熊猫为了抓住竹笋，所以长出了伪拇指，由此可判断，代词“this”指代的是“为了抓住竹笋”。
12．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots.”和“Researchers have found that the surface of the panda's tongue is different. While other bears and many meat eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down food.”可知，为了应对新的饮食方式的改变，熊猫的爪子进化出“伪拇指”，同时研究也发现，熊猫的舌头表面为了进食，进化出很多微小的突起物，由此可以推断，第四段主要介绍的是熊猫饮食进化为了吃竹子这种饮食习惯而具备的进化特点。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运河，19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运河，城市的名称由此而来，更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建造并维护运河，以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。
13．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals.”可知，第二段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会讨论了起名方案，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。由此可知，B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。
14．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it's over distributed. We've got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that？”可知，因为人口增长和气候变化，水资源的问题愈发突出，需要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it's over distributed”，即水的分布过散。
15．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Henderson的话“It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it”可知，霍霍坎人在使用运河的时候共同合作，建造并维护运河，因此他们富有团队精神。
16．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Huckleberry的话“They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.”可知，霍霍坎人使用运河的方式恰恰体现了可持续发展的理念，这种方式是有价值的，可以帮助我们应对当今的问题。由此推知，Huckleberry会同意“可持续发展非常重要”的观点。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相互作用的影响。
17．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else.”可知，量子理论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。
18．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，作者举例说明解释“相互作用的影响”。
19．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes.”以及后文“misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence”可知，我们用个人的财富来衡量成功，这太愚蠢了，这种衡量成功的方法误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。故it指的是“衡量成功的方法”。
20．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，文章的主要目的是吸引人们对相互作用的注意。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT。
21．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.”可知，对于17岁的Emmett Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antoinette Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超，因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”故选C。
22．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross generational relationship that they both enjoy.”第二段“Since its founding, DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults, in services specific to the person's needs and interests, with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.”可知，DOROT从建立开始在老龄化服务领域就取得了卓越和创新的声誉，通过活动，帮助老人和年轻人建立了彼此都喜欢的跨代关系，即：其目的是为老年人提供代际联系，故选D。
23．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，英国政府通过任命专门人员来解决老年人孤独问题，突显了人们对这一问题的日益关注，因而作者在本段主要强调政府对老人孤独问题的关注。故选D。
24．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT，同时在第三段中也提到了政府对老人孤独问题的关注。因而文章主要描述的是老龄化的孤独问题，所以文章可能来自“社会关注”版块，故选A。
Passage 7
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以无论发生什么，都习惯了勇往直前。
25．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.”可知，B选项“他在成长过程中经常遇到困难”正确。
26．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face.”可知，当时世界经济状况很糟糕，所以作者要自主创业来发展自己的事业。由此推知，画线部分意思是“自主创业来发展自己的事业”。故选D。
27．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word ‘can't’ wasn't in my vocabulary.”以及倒数第二段中“I'm now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500，000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.”可知，作者单纯的品质在文章中没有表现出来。故选C。
28．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以习惯了勇往直前，无论发生什么。由此可知，A选项“拒绝‘回头’”最符合文章标题。
Passage 8
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了大脑训练应用程序在提高认知能力和智力方面的有效性，说明了虽然这些应用程序可以提高一些特定技能，例如算术和记忆能力，但对其他技能的益处有限，并且它们的整体有效性是值得怀疑的。作者还建议，解谜视频游戏可能提供了一种更复杂和有效的训练认知能力的方式。
29．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are plenty of brain training apps, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术), memory tests and logic and pattern matching problems into quick games.”可知，脑力训练应用程序的共同点是：把简单的算术、记忆测试、逻辑匹配等脑力练习变成了快速游戏，它们以游戏的形式发挥作用。
30．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini games, the smarter you will get. It is really a big promise.”可知，作者认为靠玩游戏变聪明是一个很大的承诺。结合第四段中“The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little benefit to other skills.”可知，通过玩游戏进行的脑力训练对认知功能等其他技能没有好处，故可知这一很大的承诺并不能达成。因此可推测作者认为脑力训练的理念违背了人类思考和学习的原理，并未达到预期效果。故可推测短语flies in the face of 意为“与……相反”，故选C。
31．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段“The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little benefit to other skills.”可知，已知的脑力训练的积极影响仅限于非常特定的一些小游戏和训练任务，但对其他技能几乎没有好处。由此推知，脑力训练对记忆力的提高具有局限性。
32．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puzzle video games such as ‘Baba Is You’ and ‘Return of the Obra Dinn’， see players apply their skill at logic, memory and concentration in a far more complex way than any brain training mini game.”可知，作者认为“Baba Is You”和“Return of the Obra Dinn”这类益智游戏更能激发玩家在逻辑、记忆和注意力方面的能力，其复杂程度远超过任何脑力训练小游戏。由此推知，作者对“Baba Is You”这类益智游戏持赞成态度。
Keeping a language alive can strengthen people's sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album (唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2，000 fluent speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year.
The album, tilted DOAP oaV and pronounced ‘Ah’ ‘Nuh’ ‘Duh’ ‘Nah’ ‘Lees’ ‘Gi’， means “Performers” in English. It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. With a planned release date of Labor Day weekend, the record company is using the platform of the National Cherokee Holiday to give this album as much exposure as possible.
Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the “music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. Featuring 12 Cherokee artists ranging from ages 14 to 50, you can see how this album is going to do a lot for the promotion of Cherokee music and can inspire people of any age to make music that connects with their heritage (遗产).
The youngest contributor on the album, Lillian Charles, is only in 8th grade but had a major contribution to the Goth pop song “Circus”—a song she wrote at the age of 12. It originally written in English, she worked with translators Bobbie Smith and Kathy Sierra to be able to fully express herself in Cherokee.
Projects like the DOAP oaV album bring a modern approach to revitalizing language and culture and encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language. On average, a native language is lost forever every two weeks, and these people want to make sure that the Cherokee language isn't one of them.
1．What can we learn about the album from Paragraph 2
A．It has various musical styles.
B．It is titled Performers in English.
C．It sings high praise of Labor Day.
D．It was exposed to the public by chance.
2．What's Jeremy Charles's expectation of the album
A．It will make a huge profit for the record company.
B．It can help the 12 artists rise to fame overnight.
C．It will satisfy the fans' demand for pop music.
D．It can fuel the youth's interest in Cherokee language.
3．Which can best replace the underlined word “revitalizing” in the last paragraph
A．Translating. B．Reviewing.
C．Restoring. D．Creating.
4．What's the best title of the text
A．Alarming! The Cherokee Language Is Dying
B.Amazing! An 8th Grader Is Releasing an Album
C.Bringing Music to Life with Modern Technology
D．Preserving a Language Through the Power of Music
Passage 2
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping__technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children's development, both academically and emotionally. Modern parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.
A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣)，clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. Domestic helpers were also not the norm then, hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities, common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors, rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.
There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.
5．What does the underlined word “tapping” mean in paragraph 1
A．Employing. B．Tracking.
C．Monitoring. D．Identifying.
6．What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting
A．Flexible. B．Efficient.
C．Conventional. D．Overinvolved.
7．What do we know about parents in the past
A．They educated kids in a rigid way.
B．They overestimated their kids' independence．
C.They afforded kids more space for self growth.
D.They tended to stay away from social activities.
8．What does the text mainly tell us
A．How to raise all round children.
B．How to enhance parent child bonds.
C．How parenting modes have shifted over the years.
D．How information technology boosts people's lifestyles.
Passage 3
Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives, such as the polar bear, pandas don't eat meat but survive on a diet of only bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet
Pandas today don't eat meat. However, they've kept much of their meat eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems have not changed much from their meat eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested. To survive, pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low metabolic (新陈代谢的)，lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return.
The giant panda's shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to their dietary change.
Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this,__they have developed a long “fake thumb” (伪拇指). So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which provides better support for them to seize object such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda's tongue is different. While other bears and many meat eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections (凸出物) on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo.
Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, go back to eating meat, or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds, we can be grateful that, for the time being, we get to share our planet with these adorable animals.
9．Why are the numbers mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.To illustrate the variety of food.
B．To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas.
C．To describe the changes of living environment.
D.To show the ineffectiveness of digestive system.
10．What caused pandas' change in diet
A．The low metabolic ability.
B．The amino acids in meat.
C．The Taslrl gene's inactivation.
D．The supplies of bamboo.
11．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Seizing bamboo shoots.
B．The low energy return.
C．Developing more fingers.
D．The vegetarian diet.
12．Which aspect of pandas does Paragraph 4 focus on
A．The preference for bamboo.
B．The evolutionary feature in eating.
C．The unique lifestyle.
D．The special appearance.
Passage 4
Crossing Phoenix, Arizona, are 180 miles of canals. In 1867, the city's founding father, Jack Swilling saw the remains of irrigation (灌溉) channels wandering across the landscape. He realized that, centuries before, some society had farmed this desert. Soon after, Swilling began clearing the blocked canals to bring agriculture back to the region.
Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals. “A great race once lived here and another great race will live here in the future，” he considered. “I predict that a new city will spring, phoenix like, from the ruins and ashes of the old.”
Gary Huckleberry, a researcher, said, “In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it's over distributed. We've got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that I think there's something to be learned by looking at past societies who managed water for thousands of years.”
That great society was the Hohokam. Between 100 and 1450 AD, they constructed 1，000 miles of canals. As the Hohokam expanded their network, they constantly repaired, cleaned and diverted the canals. “It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it，” Henderson, a scientist, said. “Users would have to agree to certain conditions to keep the entire system going.” The Hohokam committed to sharing water and put themselves on timetables.
The Hohokam used canal irrigation for 3，000 years. “That, to me, is the definition of sustainable development，” Huckleberry said. “They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble. I think one of the key lessons is that you don't put all your eggs in one basket.”
13．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The reconstruction of canals.
B．The origin of the city's name Phoenix.
C．The discovery of the irrigation channels.
D．The agricultural development in the settlement.
14．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The source of water.
B．The climate change.
C．The population growth.
D．The over distribution of water.
15．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam
A．They were expert in farming.
B．They were poor at time management.
C．They had a strong sense of team spirit.
D．They fought for their rights to use water.
16．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with
A．Canal irrigation is out of date.
B．Sustainable development matters.
C．Farming can solve current trouble.
D．The loss of soils is worse than before.
Passage 5
Quantum theory (量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever. Yet, a century after its birth, something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory. It does not tell us how physical systems behave. Instead, it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later. What happens in between The theory simply doesn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on. Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory. Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else. Perhaps this is precisely what “properties” are: the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup's surface. Its being “a teacup” refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn't know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then, it comes with a lesson. We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human kind faces as a whole.
17．What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text
A．How physical systems behave.
B．How to treat physical systems.
C．What effects one has on itself.
D．What the structure of reality is.
18．How does the author explain “the effects of interactions”？
A．By giving an example.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By quoting a scientist.
D．By conducting a survey.
19．What does “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The consequence we bear.
B．The theory in classic games.
C．The fortunes individuals have.
D．The way to measure success.
20．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To clarify a physics theory.
B．To draw attention to interaction.
C．To challenge a popular idea.
D．To present reflections on games.
Passage 6
When 76 year old Antoinette Marie Williams played 17 year old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time, she__gave__Daniels__a__run__for__his__money. Paired through DOROT, a New York organization which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels' relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common.
Since its founding, DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults, in services specific to the person's needs and interests, with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.
Loneliness has been recognized as a significant social issue for many years, but the classification of loneliness as an epidemic (流行病) has emerged only in recent years. In 2018, the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness, highlighting the increasing concern around the issue. This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission, which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue.
Fortunately, there are ways to battle loneliness, including the intervention in the lives of isolated seniors by organizations like DOROT. It advocates building a support network by reaching out to family and friends, joining a community or social group, or volunteering to connect with like minded people. The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these inter generational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants, young and old.
Another way to battle loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations. Practicing self care is also encouraged, as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create.
21．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph l probably mean
A．She had a running race with Daniels.
B．Daniels felt disappointed.
C．Daniels had a tough win.
D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting.
22．What is the purpose of DOROT
A．To make technological innovation.
B．To enhance the living standards of the elderly.
C．To offer job opportunities for people of all ages.
D.To provide seniors with inter generational connection.
23．What does the author try to stress in Paragraph 3
A．The solution to loneliness.
B．The root cause of loneliness.
C．The classification of loneliness.
D．The growing attention to loneliness.
24．In which section of a newspaper does this passage probably come from
A．Society Watch. B．News Express.
C．Page Turner. D．Science Study.
Passage 7
If I have a goal in life, it isn't to be driving a Rolls Royce. It's to be giving away more than $1，000，000 a year and having an impact on people's lives. I have the success today because I always had to work for what I wanted. I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.
In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face. The world's economy was in a bad state, so I knew I would have to do__a__little__spinning__of__my__own．
Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can't” wasn't in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start up sums, I didn't make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven't looked back. Only ahead.
I'm now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500，000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places.
I have always been someone who can see the big picture and have never been distracted by things that get in the way. There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.
25．Which of the following about the author is true
A．He donated a lot of money to improve his company's image.
B．He often encountered difficulties in the process of growing up.
C．He started his own company together with a friend.
D．He changed jobs several times while in Los Angeles.
26．By saying “do__a__little__spinning__of__my__own” in the second paragraph, the author probably means he would________．
A．look for a part time job independently
B．make his contributions to the economy
C．give in to the disappointing reality
D．be self employed to develop his career
27．Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage
A．Perseverance. B．Optimism.
C．Innocence. D．Kindness.
28．Which one is probably the best title of the passage
A．Saying No to “Turning Back”
B．Tips for a Successful Business
C．Jumping over Economic Downturns
D．A Life time Pursuit of Dream
Passage 8
We have long been attracted by quick solutions that could increase our intelligence. Today, people's hopes lie in brain training apps, some of which claim to result in “smarter minds”. But is this quick solution all it is said to be
There are plenty of brain training apps, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术), memory tests and logic and pattern matching problems into quick games. Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini games, the smarter you will get. It is really a big promise.
Many of the apps say they are based on “science”， a claim I found surprising as a former neuroscientist (神经系统科学家). The concept that increasing intelligence would be as simple as practicing a few mini games every day flies__in__the__face__of what we have discovered about how humans think and learn.
After surveying thousands of users across a wide variety of apps, researchers at Western University in Canada discovered that brain training had no great effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the real world. The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little benefit to other skills.
If you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or make a complex computer program, I am afraid you will want to look elsewhere. Puzzle video games such as “Baba Is You” and “Return of the Obra Dinn”， see players apply their skill at logic, memory and concentration in a far more complex way than any brain training mini game.
29．What does the author say about brain training apps
A.They have scientific support.
B．They work in the form of games.
C．They require problem solving skills.
D．They are based on complex arithmetic.
30. What does the underlined part “flies in the face of” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Goes into details of.
B．Takes advantage of.
C．Goes against.
D．Comes from.
31．Which best describes the effects that brain training apps have on memory
A．Limited. B．Indirect.
C．Damaging. D．Far reaching.
32．What is the author's attitude to “Baba Is You”？
A．Doubtful. B．Intolerant.
C．Uninterested. D．Favorable.
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作了一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk.”可知，这张专辑中有各种各样的音乐风格。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the‘music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide’. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners.”可知，Jeremy Charles希望这张专辑可以激发年轻人对Cherokee语的兴趣。
3．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。由画线单词下文“encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language”可知，这些项目鼓励年轻观众开始学习Cherokee语，这说明这些项目能振兴语言和文化，即恢复语言和文化，由此可推知，画线单词revitalizing与C项“Restoring(恢复)”意思相近。
4．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言，D项“通过音乐的力量来保护语言”适合做文章标题，故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。
5．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices”可知，画线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用技术”。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children.”以及“They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters.”可知，“直升机式育儿”的方式，即在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。
7．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.”可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来育儿模式发生的变化。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了熊猫饮食方面的进化原因及特征。
9．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo they eat in a single day, only about 17% of it is digested.”可知，熊猫进食量很大，但是吸收量很小，通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The giant panda's shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation of a specific gene Taslrl, which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat.”可知，熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。
11．答案与解析：A 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots.”可知，熊猫需要抓住又长又细的竹笋，结合下文中的“they have developed a long ‘fake thumb’ (伪拇指).”可知，熊猫为了抓住竹笋，所以长出了伪拇指，由此可判断，代词“this”指代的是“为了抓住竹笋”。
12．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots.”和“Researchers have found that the surface of the panda's tongue is different. While other bears and many meat eating animals have smooth tongues, pandas have evolved tiny projections on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down food.”可知，为了应对新的饮食方式的改变，熊猫的爪子进化出“伪拇指”，同时研究也发现，熊猫的舌头表面为了进食，进化出很多微小的突起物，由此可以推断，第四段主要介绍的是熊猫饮食进化为了吃竹子这种饮食习惯而具备的进化特点。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运河，19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运河，城市的名称由此而来，更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建造并维护运河，以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。
13．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals.”可知，第二段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会讨论了起名方案，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。由此可知，B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。
14．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it's over distributed. We've got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that？”可知，因为人口增长和气候变化，水资源的问题愈发突出，需要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it's over distributed”，即水的分布过散。
15．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Henderson的话“It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it”可知，霍霍坎人在使用运河的时候共同合作，建造并维护运河，因此他们富有团队精神。
16．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Huckleberry的话“They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.”可知，霍霍坎人使用运河的方式恰恰体现了可持续发展的理念，这种方式是有价值的，可以帮助我们应对当今的问题。由此推知，Huckleberry会同意“可持续发展非常重要”的观点。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相互作用的影响。
17．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else.”可知，量子理论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。
18．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，作者举例说明解释“相互作用的影响”。
19．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes.”以及后文“misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence”可知，我们用个人的财富来衡量成功，这太愚蠢了，这种衡量成功的方法误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。故it指的是“衡量成功的方法”。
20．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，文章的主要目的是吸引人们对相互作用的注意。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT。
21．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.”可知，对于17岁的Emmett Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antoinette Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超，因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”故选C。
22．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross generational relationship that they both enjoy.”第二段“Since its founding, DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults, in services specific to the person's needs and interests, with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.”可知，DOROT从建立开始在老龄化服务领域就取得了卓越和创新的声誉，通过活动，帮助老人和年轻人建立了彼此都喜欢的跨代关系，即：其目的是为老年人提供代际联系，故选D。
23．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，英国政府通过任命专门人员来解决老年人孤独问题，突显了人们对这一问题的日益关注，因而作者在本段主要强调政府对老人孤独问题的关注。故选D。
24．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT，同时在第三段中也提到了政府对老人孤独问题的关注。因而文章主要描述的是老龄化的孤独问题，所以文章可能来自“社会关注”版块，故选A。
Passage 7
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以无论发生什么，都习惯了勇往直前。
25．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.”可知，B选项“他在成长过程中经常遇到困难”正确。
26．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face.”可知，当时世界经济状况很糟糕，所以作者要自主创业来发展自己的事业。由此推知，画线部分意思是“自主创业来发展自己的事业”。故选D。
27．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word ‘can't’ wasn't in my vocabulary.”以及倒数第二段中“I'm now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500，000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.”可知，作者单纯的品质在文章中没有表现出来。故选C。
28．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以习惯了勇往直前，无论发生什么。由此可知，A选项“拒绝‘回头’”最符合文章标题。
Passage 8
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了大脑训练应用程序在提高认知能力和智力方面的有效性，说明了虽然这些应用程序可以提高一些特定技能，例如算术和记忆能力，但对其他技能的益处有限，并且它们的整体有效性是值得怀疑的。作者还建议，解谜视频游戏可能提供了一种更复杂和有效的训练认知能力的方式。
29．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are plenty of brain training apps, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术), memory tests and logic and pattern matching problems into quick games.”可知，脑力训练应用程序的共同点是：把简单的算术、记忆测试、逻辑匹配等脑力练习变成了快速游戏，它们以游戏的形式发挥作用。
30．答案与解析：C 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini games, the smarter you will get. It is really a big promise.”可知，作者认为靠玩游戏变聪明是一个很大的承诺。结合第四段中“The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little benefit to other skills.”可知，通过玩游戏进行的脑力训练对认知功能等其他技能没有好处，故可知这一很大的承诺并不能达成。因此可推测作者认为脑力训练的理念违背了人类思考和学习的原理，并未达到预期效果。故可推测短语flies in the face of 意为“与……相反”，故选C。
31．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段“The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini games and tasks that users are trained on, such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers, or perform mental arithmetic, with little benefit to other skills.”可知，已知的脑力训练的积极影响仅限于非常特定的一些小游戏和训练任务，但对其他技能几乎没有好处。由此推知，脑力训练对记忆力的提高具有局限性。
32．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puzzle video games such as ‘Baba Is You’ and ‘Return of the Obra Dinn’， see players apply their skill at logic, memory and concentration in a far more complex way than any brain training mini game.”可知，作者认为“Baba Is You”和“Return of the Obra Dinn”这类益智游戏更能激发玩家在逻辑、记忆和注意力方面的能力，其复杂程度远超过任何脑力训练小游戏。由此推知，作者对“Baba Is You”这类益智游戏持赞成态度。