(共53张PPT)
第三讲 主旨大意题
[命题特点]
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章的主旨,推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意的能力,即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查阅读理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类,即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。这类试题除了要归纳文章大意之外,还要考虑标题的特点,难度较大。考生在解答主旨大意题时要把握三个度,即从深度上理解文章,从高度上把握主旨,从简度上归纳大意。
[题型解读]
标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。
[设问方式]
1.What can be a suitable title for the text
2.Which of the following is the best title for
the text
3.Which is the most suitable title for the text
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷,B篇)
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental awareness,
and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,
most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes,at two middle schools and two high schools,include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection,tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
( )27.What can be a suitable title for the
text
A.Rescuing School Gardens
B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers
D.Changing Local Landscape
√
答案及剖析:C 标题归纳题。文章先是介绍两位老师发起的学校菜园项目Urban Sprouts及其目的,然后介绍了起初一些学生不喜欢,后来越来越多的学生爱上蔬菜种植,并开始种植自己的菜园。因此,C选项Growing Vegetable Lovers符合文意,最适合作本文标题。
[题型解读]
文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[设问方式]
1.What is the text mainly about
2.What does the text mainly talk about
[技巧归纳]
1.主题句的位置
(1)主题句位于首段:其特点是开门见山地提出主题,再分别说明。
(2)主题句位于尾段:其特点是归纳式,即细节在前,概括在后。
(3)主题句位于中间段落:其特点是引出话题——论述主
题——解释。
了解这些特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。
2.主题句的特征
(1)举例子的句子不是主题句,前后句可能是主题句。
(2)问句不是主题句,回答句可能是主题句。
(3)首段转折处常为文章的主题句。
(4)主题句常包含文章的主题词。
(5)主题句常包含主次之分的表达(A rather than B等)。
(6)主题句常包含时间提示词(recently、today等)。
(7)定义型的句子(be called as、be known as等)。
(8)强调型的句子(stress、focus等)。
(9)总结型的句子(research indicates/shows、a new study suggests等)。
[典例]
(2022·全国甲卷,C篇)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“ I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
( )31.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
√
答案及剖析:B 文章大意题。本文开篇即介绍了Ginni抵达南极洲开启了她终生难忘的旅行,下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等。因此,“一次难忘的经历”能概括文章文旨,故选B。
[题型解读]
段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般体现在某个句子(即主题句)中,主题句具有明显的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首,但也可以位于段中、段尾或者段首、段尾前后呼应。提炼关键信息,把握好段落的主题句是解答此类题的关键。
[设问方式]
1.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
2.What is the first paragraph mainly about
3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷,D篇片段)
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
( )32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly
about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
√
答案及剖析:B 主旨大意题。本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
A
When the phone finally stopped ringing and the house lay still with grief,I filled my home with the sweet smell of peach pie to mask the scent of worry that still lingered.
综合运用演练
At the weekend after Dad’s diagnosis (诊断),Mom sent the same text to each concerned relative and friend:Jay was diagnosed with Pick’s disease.We were going back to the doctor for more information.Then Mom put down the phone,rubbed her forehead,and suggested that we go for a drive.On the interstate,we passed a board with clear red letters:“Fredericksburg peaches,the best fruit you can find in Central Texas.” Mom went to negotiate with the stand owner.
Now in our kitchen,the sweet smell of peach juice drifted into the living room and pulled Dad away from the football game on TV.
“Oh! You got peaches ” he eyed the fruit with childish glee (欢喜).
“Here,” I handed him a knife.“We’re making peach pie.”
I showed him how to peel the skin off.As I made pie dough,he asked questions:How long does it take to bake
Are you adding sugar How many peaches What should I do with the seeds Showing him how to slice,measure and mix them in a calm,firm voice,I suddenly felt grown-up.
The summer had reversed our roles.Now,I was the adult.
I stayed home all summer,cooked dinner for him,washed his T-shirts and helped him make phone calls.I stayed up late thinking about him and monitored him like an anxious caretaker.
The same day,before the afternoon drive and peach pie,I had held back my tears as I read the diagnosis for Pick’s disease:four to ten years,depending on how fast the damaged proteins overpower Dad’s brain.I decided then that I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad,enough for him to see me become an adult for real.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——父亲确诊为皮克氏病后作者的变化 本文是记叙文。父亲被确诊为皮克氏病后,家里被悲伤的氛围笼罩着,作者正在用妈妈买的桃子做桃子派,父亲被香味吸引过来了,作者给他展示做桃子派的一系列过程,忽然之间,作者感觉自己长
大了。
( )1.Why did Mom propose a ride
A.To purchase fruit.
B.To enjoy a trip.
C.To release sorrow.
D.To consult the doctor.
√
答案及剖析:
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mom sent the same text...rubbed her forehead”可知,爸爸被确诊为皮克氏病后,妈妈给亲戚朋友发完短信,放下电话,抚摸了自己的额头。由此可见,妈妈情绪低落,据此并结合常识可以推断,妈妈提议去开车兜风是为了排解内心的悲伤。故选C。
( )2.What can we learn about the family from
the passage
A.It takes years for Dad to recover.
B.The author enjoys the time with Dad.
C.Dad shows little interest in football
games.
D.The author gets annoyed by Dad’s
questions.
√
答案及剖析:
2.B 推理判断题。根据第六段中作者面对父亲的一连串问题的回应“Showing him how to slice,measure and mix them in a calm,firm voice”和最后一段中的“I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad”可以推断,作者很享受陪伴父亲的时光。故选B。
( )3.Which of the following can best describe
this summer for the author
A.Tough and confusing.
B.Boring but rewarding.
C.Annoying and struggling.
D.Painstaking but meaningful.
√
答案及剖析:
3.D 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I suddenly felt grown-up”和第七段中的“I stayed home all summer...like an anxious caretaker”可知,作者照顾确诊的爸爸很辛苦,但这个过程也让作者成长、让作者有了陪伴父亲的机会,这是很有意义的。故选D。
( )4.Which of the following can be a suitable
title for the passage
A.Peach Pie
B.Diagnosis for Dad
C.Father and Daughter
D.A Plain Summer Day
√
答案及剖析:
4.A 标题归纳题。本文以“filled my home with the sweet smell of peach pie”引入话题,下文讲到了买桃子、做桃子派等事情,且最后一段再次提到“peach pie” ,故A项最适合作本文的标题。
B
For years,David James,who studies insects at Washington State University,had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶).The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow.For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher,only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip,James says,and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely.Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts,but James had no way to figure it out—until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences.So James began working with prisoners to raise monarch butterflies through the whole process of their transformation.The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison.Over five years,nearly 10,000 monarch butterflies flew from the facility.Elsewhere in Washington,Oregon and Idaho,researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses,and soon after the first butterflies took off,James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them.
The butterflies,the reports confirmed,wintered in coastal California.Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz.Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies.It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners.
“They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies,” James says.Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men.“This butterfly changed,”James recalls prisoners telling him,“and maybe we can too.”
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自然 话题——对黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式的研究 本文是说明文。David James一直想研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式,但由于黑脉金斑蝶数量少,研究没有进展。直到和华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯们一起合作培养黑脉金斑蝶,他这才得以开展研究并发现黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的模式。在蝴蝶蜕变的过程中,囚犯们的内心也发生了变化。
( )5.What was hard for David to do in his
study
A.Gain financial support.
B.Hire qualified workers.
C.Build a new laboratory.
D.Find enough monarch butterflies.
√
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known...tag is unlikely.”可知,因为黑脉金斑蝶数量太少,所以人们难以跟踪,它们的路线几乎不为人所知。故选D。
( )6.Why were the butterflies tagged before
being released
A.To guarantee their safety.
B.To enable them to fly longer distances.
C.To track their travel routes.
D.To distinguish them from other species.
√
答案及剖析:
6.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The route the...to follow.”和第三段中的“The butterflies...Bolinas and Morro Bay.”可知,报告证实这些蝴蝶在加利福尼亚沿海过冬,12只在圣克鲁斯的Lighthouse Field State Beach降落。由此可知,在放飞之前,给蝴蝶打上标签是为了追踪它们的路线,故选C。
( )7.What makes the prisoners feel that they
can change
A.The patience the butterflies showed.
B.The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C.The transformation of the butterflies.
D.The devotion of James to the butterflies.
√
答案及剖析:
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Watching the monarch butterfly change...‘and maybe we can too.’”可知,蝴蝶的蜕变让囚犯们感觉自己也许可以改变。故选C。
( )8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The impact of the research.
B.The findings of James’ study.
C.The release of the prisoners.
D.The life cycle of the butterflies.
√
答案及剖析:
8.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“The work helps researchers identify ideal...the gentler side of some of the prisoners.”可知,这项工作有助于研究人员确定种植乳草属植物和其他对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶生命周期很重要的植物的理想地点。同时也让囚犯们的内心发生了变化。故最后一段主要说明这项研究的影响。故选A。第三讲 主旨大意题
[命题特点]
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章的主旨,推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意的能力,即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查阅读理解能力,又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类,即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。这类试题除了要归纳文章大意之外,还要考虑标题的特点,难度较大。考生在解答主旨大意题时要把握三个度,即从深度上理解文章,从高度上把握主旨,从简度上归纳大意。
[题型解读]
标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。
[设问方式]
1.What can be a suitable title for the text
2.Which of the following is the best title for the text
3.Which is the most suitable title for the text
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷,B篇)
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes,at two middle schools and two high schools,include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection,tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
( )27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens
B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers
D.Changing Local Landscape
答案及剖析:C 标题归纳题。文章先是介绍两位老师发起的学校菜园项目Urban Sprouts及其目的,然后介绍了起初一些学生不喜欢,后来越来越多的学生爱上蔬菜种植,并开始种植自己的菜园。因此,C选项Growing Vegetable Lovers符合文意,最适合作本文标题。
[题型解读]
文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[设问方式]
1.What is the text mainly about
2.What does the text mainly talk about
[技巧归纳]
1.主题句的位置
(1)主题句位于首段:其特点是开门见山地提出主题,再分别说明。
(2)主题句位于尾段:其特点是归纳式,即细节在前,概括在后。
(3)主题句位于中间段落:其特点是引出话题——论述主题——解释。
了解这些特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。
2.主题句的特征
(1)举例子的句子不是主题句,前后句可能是主题句。
(2)问句不是主题句,回答句可能是主题句。
(3)首段转折处常为文章的主题句。
(4)主题句常包含文章的主题词。
(5)主题句常包含主次之分的表达(A rather than B等)。
(6)主题句常包含时间提示词(recently、today等)。
(7)定义型的句子(be called as、be known as等)。
(8)强调型的句子(stress、focus等)。
(9)总结型的句子(research indicates/shows、a new study suggests等)。
[典例]
(2022·全国甲卷,C篇)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“ I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
( )31.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案及剖析:B 文章大意题。本文开篇即介绍了Ginni抵达南极洲开启了她终生难忘的旅行,下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等。因此,“一次难忘的经历”能概括文章文旨,故选B。
[题型解读]
段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般体现在某个句子(即主题句)中,主题句具有明显的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首,但也可以位于段中、段尾或者段首、段尾前后呼应。提炼关键信息,把握好段落的主题句是解答此类题的关键。
[设问方式]
1.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
2.What is the first paragraph mainly about
3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷,D篇片段)
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
( )32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
答案及剖析:B 主旨大意题。本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
综合运用演练
A
When the phone finally stopped ringing and the house lay still with grief,I filled my home with the sweet smell of peach pie to mask the scent of worry that still lingered.
At the weekend after Dad’s diagnosis (诊断),Mom sent the same text to each concerned relative and friend:Jay was diagnosed with Pick’s disease.We were going back to the doctor for more information.Then Mom put down the phone,rubbed her forehead,and suggested that we go for a drive.On the interstate,we passed a board with clear red letters:“Fredericksburg peaches,the best fruit you can find in Central Texas.” Mom went to negotiate with the stand owner.
Now in our kitchen,the sweet smell of peach juice drifted into the living room and pulled Dad away from the football game on TV.
“Oh! You got peaches ” he eyed the fruit with childish glee (欢喜).
“Here,” I handed him a knife.“We’re making peach pie.”
I showed him how to peel the skin off.As I made pie dough,he asked questions:How long does it take to bake Are you adding sugar How many peaches What should I do with the seeds Showing him how to slice,measure and mix them in a calm,firm voice,I suddenly felt grown-up.
The summer had reversed our roles.Now,I was the adult.I stayed home all summer,cooked dinner for him,washed his T-shirts and helped him make phone calls.I stayed up late thinking about him and monitored him like an anxious caretaker.
The same day,before the afternoon drive and peach pie,I had held back my tears as I read the diagnosis for Pick’s disease:four to ten years,depending on how fast the damaged proteins overpower Dad’s brain.I decided then that I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad,enough for him to see me become an adult for real.
( )1.Why did Mom propose a ride
A.To purchase fruit.
B.To enjoy a trip.
C.To release sorrow.
D.To consult the doctor.
( )2.What can we learn about the family from the passage
A.It takes years for Dad to recover.
B.The author enjoys the time with Dad.
C.Dad shows little interest in football games.
D.The author gets annoyed by Dad’s questions.
( )3.Which of the following can best describe this summer for the author
A.Tough and confusing.
B.Boring but rewarding.
C.Annoying and struggling.
D.Painstaking but meaningful.
( )4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage
A.Peach Pie
B.Diagnosis for Dad
C.Father and Daughter
D.A Plain Summer Day
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——父亲确诊为皮克氏病后作者的变化 本文是记叙文。父亲被确诊为皮克氏病后,家里被悲伤的氛围笼罩着,作者正在用妈妈买的桃子做桃子派,父亲被香味吸引过来了,作者给他展示做桃子派的一系列过程,忽然之间,作者感觉自己长大了。
答案及剖析:
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mom sent the same text...rubbed her forehead”可知,爸爸被确诊为皮克氏病后,妈妈给亲戚朋友发完短信,放下电话,抚摸了自己的额头。由此可见,妈妈情绪低落,据此并结合常识可以推断,妈妈提议去开车兜风是为了排解内心的悲伤。故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第六段中作者面对父亲的一连串问题的回应“Showing him how to slice,measure and mix them in a calm,firm voice”和最后一段中的“I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad”可以推断,作者很享受陪伴父亲的时光。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I suddenly felt grown-up”和第七段中的“I stayed home all summer...like an anxious caretaker”可知,作者照顾确诊的爸爸很辛苦,但这个过程也让作者成长、让作者有了陪伴父亲的机会,这是很有意义的。故选D。
4.A 标题归纳题。本文以“filled my home with the sweet smell of peach pie”引入话题,下文讲到了买桃子、做桃子派等事情,且最后一段再次提到“peach pie” ,故A项最适合作本文的标题。
B
For years,David James,who studies insects at Washington State University,had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶).The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow.For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher,only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip,James says,and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely.Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts,but James had no way to figure it out—until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences.So James began working with prisoners to raise monarch butterflies through the whole process of their transformation.The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison.Over five years,nearly 10,000 monarch butterflies flew from the facility.Elsewhere in Washington,Oregon and Idaho,researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses,and soon after the first butterflies took off,James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them.The butterflies,the reports confirmed,wintered in coastal California.Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz.Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies.It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners.“They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies,” James says.Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men.“This butterfly changed,”James recalls prisoners telling him,“and maybe we can too.”
( )5.What was hard for David to do in his study
A.Gain financial support.
B.Hire qualified workers.
C.Build a new laboratory.
D.Find enough monarch butterflies.
( )6.Why were the butterflies tagged before being released
A.To guarantee their safety.
B.To enable them to fly longer distances.
C.To track their travel routes.
D.To distinguish them from other species.
( )7.What makes the prisoners feel that they can change
A.The patience the butterflies showed.
B.The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C.The transformation of the butterflies.
D.The devotion of James to the butterflies.
( )8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The impact of the research.
B.The findings of James’ study.
C.The release of the prisoners.
D.The life cycle of the butterflies.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自然 话题——对黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式的研究 本文是说明文。David James一直想研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式,但由于黑脉金斑蝶数量少,研究没有进展。直到和华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯们一起合作培养黑脉金斑蝶,他这才得以开展研究并发现黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的模式。在蝴蝶蜕变的过程中,囚犯们的内心也发生了变化。
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known...tag is unlikely.”可知,因为黑脉金斑蝶数量太少,所以人们难以跟踪,它们的路线几乎不为人所知。故选D。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The route the...to follow.”和第三段中的“The butterflies...Bolinas and Morro Bay.”可知,报告证实这些蝴蝶在加利福尼亚沿海过冬,12只在圣克鲁斯的Lighthouse Field State Beach降落。由此可知,在放飞之前,给蝴蝶打上标签是为了追踪它们的路线,故选C。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Watching the monarch butterfly change...‘and maybe we can too.’”可知,蝴蝶的蜕变让囚犯们感觉自己也许可以改变。故选C。
8.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“The work helps researchers identify ideal...the gentler side of some of the prisoners.”可知,这项工作有助于研究人员确定种植乳草属植物和其他对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶生命周期很重要的植物的理想地点。同时也让囚犯们的内心发生了变化。故最后一段主要说明这项研究的影响。故选A。
