(共68张PPT)
第二讲 推理判断题
[命题特点]
推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题。一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过分析语篇的逻辑关系和细节的提示,作出一定的判断和推理。该题型在高考阅读中难度较大,考生得分率低。其考点主要有隐含意义推断题、观点态度题、推断物件特点、人物性格题、写作目的题和推断文章出处题。
[题型解读]
隐含意义推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节,但却要求考生依据原文对具体信息进行推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
[设问方式]
题目设问主要涉及以下动词:learn (学到),infer(推断),
indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(建议;暗示),
conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
1.What does the author suggest readers do with the
practices offered in part two
2.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5
3.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends
to Devil’s Lake
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·全国乙卷,B篇片段)
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake,Wisconsin,
to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks,we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However,we did not mark the route
(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with
friends to Devil’s Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the
sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than
expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
√
答案及剖析:C 隐含意义推断题。通过本段第五句“However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.”可推知,作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中,到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
[题型解读]
观点态度题旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或者态度的理解能力,要求考生在理解文意的基础上进行推理判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为四大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观和其他类。作者的感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。
解答此类题目应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
[设问方式]
1.What is the author’s attitude towards Navajas’
studies
2.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
3.How does the author find his photos taken at
Devil’s Lake
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷,D篇片段)
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”.Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’
studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
√
答案及剖析:D 观点态度题。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”提到,尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推断作者对于Navajas的研究持赞许和支持态度。故选D。
[题型解读]
推断物件特点、人物性格题旨在考查学生对文章出现的物件特点、人物性格等的综合分析和推断能力。考生要特别关注涉及物件的具体事实信息或有关人物的语言、情感、行为、心理、事迹等语句,充分利用说明物件实际作用或未来前景的词语或表达感彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语来推断物件特点或人物性格。
解答此类题时,首先要把握文章的主要思想,抓住列举的具体事实,然后根据与物件或人物相关的语句进行推断。记住常用的有关物件特点或人物性格的词语是解题的关键之一。
[设问方式]
1.Which best describes cookery programme on
British TV
2.How does the author find his photos taken at
Devil’s Lake
3.Which of the following best describes Mrs.
Calloway
4.What does the author think of himself
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,B篇片段)
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,”
Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes
the impact of the program
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
√
答案及剖析:A 推断物件特点题。根据节选的第二段可知,这个菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养,而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成功。由此推断,该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
[题型解读]
写作目的题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
[设问方式]
1.What is the purpose of this text
2.The author writes this passage in order to
.
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷,C篇)
In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
( )11.What is the purpose of this text
A.To introduce a book.
B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer.
D.To recommend a travel destination.
√
答案及剖析:A 写作目的题。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景,从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价,即全文围绕着这本书展开,目的就是向读者介绍这本书,故选A。
[题型解读]
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的文体和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
[设问方式]
1.Which of the following books is the text most
likely selected from
2.Where is the text most probably taken from
3.Where can the text be found
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷,C篇)
Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading,
we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”,artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.
Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can allrelate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智),wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press,books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently,as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway,artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers,pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view,the printed book is certainly ancient,
but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.
To serve its function,a book must be activated by a user:the cover opened,the pages parted,the contents reviewed,perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked,a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,“off-line” activity.
( )28.Where is the text most probably taken
from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
√
答案及剖析:A 推断文章出处题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers...from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’,...”可知,本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知,本书最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
A
(2023·山东泰安高三模拟)
Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a 32,000-kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina.In early January,2023,he finally finished his trip,17 months after he started.
综合运用演练
Liam,an experienced cyclist,had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco.He made short videos of that trip,and shared them on social media app,some of which became quite popular.After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins,who biked from Oregon to Argentina,Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay,Alaska,the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road,to Ushuaia,Argentina,
the southernmost point of South America.
Liam set out on August 1,2021.At first Liam’s parents weren’t too happy about him taking such a long bike trip by himself though it wouldn’t take that much money.But as he carried on,his parents became his strongest supporters.
After about three months,Liam had crossed the US,going south along the West Coast.By early December,he had reached Mexico,from which his parents came to the US many years ago.“So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me,” Liam explained emotionally.But Liam also faced challenges in Mexico.
He was robbed in Mexico,and at one point,he considered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely difficult.In all,he was robbed five times on the trip.He got very sick more than once.In Colombia,he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery.In spite of it all,he kept going through rain,sun,heat,cold,
deserts and mountains.
Liam finally arrived in his destination on January 10,2023 — 527 days after he started.He had travelled through 14 countries along the way.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——Liam Gamer的冒险骑行之旅 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了一名经验丰富的自行车手——Liam Gamer在2021年8月1日开始他的冒险骑行之旅,从阿拉斯加到阿根廷,沿途游历了14个国家,历经艰难险阻,在2023年1月初终于完成了他的旅行。
( )1.What contributed to Liam’s decision to
bike through 14 countries
A.His previous related experiences.
B.His parents’ encouragement.
C.A desire to shoot short videos.
D.A book by Jedidiah Jenkins.
√
答案及剖析:
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins...
the southernmost point of South America.”可知,
Liam是在阅读了Jedidiah Jenkins的书之后,开始骑行之旅的。故选D。
( )2.Why did Liam feel special in Mexico
A.He went there for the first time.
B.He found his family tree’s roots.
C.He biked there as scheduled.
D.He had to speak another language.
√
答案及剖析:
2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“By early December,he had reached Mexico...Liam explained emotionally.”可知,Liam的家乡是墨西哥,骑行到此,可以接触到家乡的语言和文化。由此推知,Liam觉得在墨西哥很特别是因为他找到了家族的根源。故选B。
( )3.What can we say about Liam’s bike trip
from Alaska to Argentina
A.It’s eventful. B.It’s pleasant.
C.It’s costly. D.It’s romantic.
√
答案及剖析:
3.B 推理判断题。第一段提到,Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32 000千米自行车之旅;在2023年1月初,在他开始17个月之后,他终于完成了他的旅行。以及第三段提到,Liam于2021年8月1日出发;起初,Liam的父母对他独自进行这么长的自行车旅行并不太高兴,尽管这不会花那么多钱;但随着他的坚持,他的父母成了他最坚定的支持者。可知,Liam在完成自己的一个心愿,由此推知,他从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的旅行是愉快的。故选B。
( )4.What is the author’s purpose in writing
the text
A.To inspire our love for nature.
B.To promote low-carbon travel.
C.To encourage us to see our strengths.
D.To call on us to learn a kind of spirit.
√
答案及剖析:
4.D 写作目的题。通读全文可知,Liam历经艰难险阻完成旅行。由此推知,本文写作的目的是号召我们学习一种不畏艰难,勇敢坚持的精神。故选D。
B
(2023·江苏盐城高三模拟)
Both humans and animals possess the ability to cry out for help when endangered or threatened.Plants,as it turns out,can too.
“We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound,” researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings,published in one scientific journal.“While undetectable to the human ear,the sounds emitted by plants can probably be heard by various animals,
such as bats,mice,and insects.”
Stressors like dehydration (脱水) and damage to leaves gave rise to the plants’ high-pitched (尖声的) cries,which ranged from 20 to 250 kHz.The bigger the danger,the more frequent a plant’s signals.“Unstressed plants emitted less than one sound per hour,on average,” researcher Lilach Hadany said,“while the stressed plants — both dehydrated and injured — emitted dozens of sounds every hour.”
To catch these sounds,Hadany’s team surrounded tomato and tobacco plants with super-sensitive microphones.They then fed the data into an artificial intelligence program that could tell the difference between the species of plant and the types of sounds produced.
“Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds,and that these sounds contain information,” Hadany wrote.She added that to translate that information,we just need the “right tools such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering.”
Doing so,researchers noted,may allow farmers to judge exactly when and where to water crops.Saving water,
increasing harvests,and lowering stress for both plant and humankind.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自然 话题——植物会发声 本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于植物会发声的研究。
( )5.What did researchers from Tel Aviv University in
Israel find
A.Creatures tend to cry out for help when in
danger.
B.Plants can give off sounds when they are stressed.
C.Plant sounds can be heard by both animals and
humans.
D.Plants make the same sound whatever type of
stress they have.
√
答案及剖析:
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,以色列特拉维夫大学的研究人员发现植物在有压力时会发出声音。故选B。
( )6.What does the author want to show in Paragraph 3
A.The influence of stress on plants.
B.The urgency of relieving stress of plants.
C.The possibility of plants emitting sounds.
D.The importance of conducting the research.
√
答案及剖析:
6.A 推理判断题。第三段介绍了植物在不同压力状况中发声的频率不同,可推知,作者在第三段主要想介绍压力对植物的影响。故选A。
( )7.Why was an artificial intelligence
program used in the research
A.To help get rid of plant stress.
B.To identify the types of stress.
C.To collect sounds emitted by plants.
D.To analyze the collected sounds of
plants.
√
答案及剖析:
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“ They then fed the data into...and the types of sounds produced.”可知,在研究中使用人工智能是为了分析收集到的植物声音。故选D。
( )8.What can we learn from Hadany’s words
in the last paragraph
A.The research is of practical value.
B.It’s difficult to understand plant
sounds.
C.Further research is needed in the future.
D.It’s as easy as pie for farmers to grow
crops.
√
答案及剖析:
8.A 推理判断题。最后一段“She added that to translate...lowering stress for both plant and humankind.”提到,利用合适的工具翻译这些信息可以让农民准确地判断何时何地给作物浇水。节约用水,增加收成,减轻植物和人类的压力。可推知,Hadany的话表明该研究具有一定的实用价值。故选A。
[长难句分析]
“We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound,” researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings,published in one scientific journal.
分析:这是一个复合句。主句主干:主语是researchers, 谓语是wrote,宾语是直接引语。过去分词published in one scientific journal是后置定语,修饰findings。直接引语中句子主干是We found that 从句和and that从句,两个that从句都是found的宾语。
译文:以色列特拉维夫大学的研究人员在一本科学杂志上发表的研究结果中写道:“我们发现,植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音,每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的可识别的声音有关。”第二讲 推理判断题
[命题特点]
推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题。一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过分析语篇的逻辑关系和细节的提示,作出一定的判断和推理。该题型在高考阅读中难度较大,考生得分率低。其考点主要有隐含意义推断题、观点态度题、推断物件特点、人物性格题、写作目的题和推断文章出处题。
[题型解读]
隐含意义推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节,但却要求考生依据原文对具体信息进行推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
[设问方式]
题目设问主要涉及以下动词:learn (学到),infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(建议;暗示),conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
1.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
2.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5
3.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·全国乙卷,B篇片段)
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake,Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks,we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
答案及剖析:C 隐含意义推断题。通过本段第五句“However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.”可推知,作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中,到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
[题型解读]
观点态度题旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或者态度的理解能力,要求考生在理解文意的基础上进行推理判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为四大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观和其他类。作者的感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。
解答此类题目应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
[设问方式]
1.What is the author’s attitude towards Navajas’ studies
2.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
3.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷,D篇片段)
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”.Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
答案及剖析:D 观点态度题。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”提到,尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推断作者对于Navajas的研究持赞许和支持态度。故选D。
[题型解读]
推断物件特点、人物性格题旨在考查学生对文章出现的物件特点、人物性格等的综合分析和推断能力。考生要特别关注涉及物件的具体事实信息或有关人物的语言、情感、行为、心理、事迹等语句,充分利用说明物件实际作用或未来前景的词语或表达感彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语来推断物件特点或人物性格。
解答此类题时,首先要把握文章的主要思想,抓住列举的具体事实,然后根据与物件或人物相关的语句进行推断。记住常用的有关物件特点或人物性格的词语是解题的关键之一。
[设问方式]
1.Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
2.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
3.Which of the following best describes Mrs.Calloway
4.What does the author think of himself
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,B篇片段)
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
答案及剖析:A 推断物件特点题。根据节选的第二段可知,这个菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养,而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成功。由此推断,该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
[题型解读]
写作目的题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
[设问方式]
1.What is the purpose of this text
2.The author writes this passage in order to .
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷,C篇)
In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
( )11.What is the purpose of this text
A.To introduce a book.
B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer.
D.To recommend a travel destination.
答案及剖析:A 写作目的题。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景,从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价,即全文围绕着这本书展开,目的就是向读者介绍这本书,故选A。
[题型解读]
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的文体和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
[设问方式]
1.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
2.Where is the text most probably taken from
3.Where can the text be found
[技巧归纳]
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷,C篇)
Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”,artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can allrelate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智),wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press,books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently,as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway,artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers,pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view,the printed book is certainly ancient,but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function,a book must be activated by a user:the cover opened,the pages parted,the contents reviewed,perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked,a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,“off-line” activity.
( )28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
答案及剖析:A 推断文章出处题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers...from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’,...”可知,本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知,本书最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
综合运用演练
A
(2023·山东泰安高三模拟)
Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a 32,000-kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina.In early January,2023,he finally finished his trip,17 months after he started.
Liam,an experienced cyclist,had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco.He made short videos of that trip,and shared them on social media app,some of which became quite popular.After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins,who biked from Oregon to Argentina,Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay,Alaska,the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road,to Ushuaia,Argentina,the southernmost point of South America.
Liam set out on August 1,2021.At first Liam’s parents weren’t too happy about him taking such a long bike trip by himself though it wouldn’t take that much money.But as he carried on,his parents became his strongest supporters.
After about three months,Liam had crossed the US,going south along the West Coast.By early December,he had reached Mexico,from which his parents came to the US many years ago.“So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me,” Liam explained emotionally.But Liam also faced challenges in Mexico.
He was robbed in Mexico,and at one point,he considered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely difficult.In all,he was robbed five times on the trip.He got very sick more than once.In Colombia,he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery.In spite of it all,he kept going through rain,sun,heat,cold,deserts and mountains.
Liam finally arrived in his destination on January 10,2023 — 527 days after he started.He had travelled through 14 countries along the way.
( )1.What contributed to Liam’s decision to bike through 14 countries
A.His previous related experiences.
B.His parents’ encouragement.
C.A desire to shoot short videos.
D.A book by Jedidiah Jenkins.
( )2.Why did Liam feel special in Mexico
A.He went there for the first time.
B.He found his family tree’s roots.
C.He biked there as scheduled.
D.He had to speak another language.
( )3.What can we say about Liam’s bike trip from Alaska to Argentina
A.It’s eventful. B.It’s pleasant.
C.It’s costly. D.It’s romantic.
( )4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To inspire our love for nature.
B.To promote low-carbon travel.
C.To encourage us to see our strengths.
D.To call on us to learn a kind of spirit.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——Liam Gamer的冒险骑行之旅 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了一名经验丰富的自行车手——Liam Gamer在2021年8月1日开始他的冒险骑行之旅,从阿拉斯加到阿根廷,沿途游历了14个国家,历经艰难险阻,在2023年1月初终于完成了他的旅行。
答案及剖析:
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins...the southernmost point of South America.”可知,Liam是在阅读了Jedidiah Jenkins的书之后,开始骑行之旅的。故选D。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“By early December,he had reached Mexico...Liam explained emotionally.”可知,Liam的家乡是墨西哥,骑行到此,可以接触到家乡的语言和文化。由此推知,Liam觉得在墨西哥很特别是因为他找到了家族的根源。故选B。
3.B 推理判断题。第一段提到,Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32 000千米自行车之旅;在2023年1月初,在他开始17个月之后,他终于完成了他的旅行。以及第三段提到,Liam于2021年8月1日出发;起初,Liam的父母对他独自进行这么长的自行车旅行并不太高兴,尽管这不会花那么多钱;但随着他的坚持,他的父母成了他最坚定的支持者。可知,Liam在完成自己的一个心愿,由此推知,他从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的旅行是愉快的。故选B。
4.D 写作目的题。通读全文可知,Liam历经艰难险阻完成旅行。由此推知,本文写作的目的是号召我们学习一种不畏艰难,勇敢坚持的精神。故选D。
B
(2023·江苏盐城高三模拟)
Both humans and animals possess the ability to cry out for help when endangered or threatened.Plants,as it turns out,can too.
“We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound,” researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings,published in one scientific journal.“While undetectable to the human ear,the sounds emitted by plants can probably be heard by various animals,such as bats,mice,and insects.”
Stressors like dehydration (脱水) and damage to leaves gave rise to the plants’ high-pitched (尖声的) cries,which ranged from 20 to 250 kHz.The bigger the danger,the more frequent a plant’s signals.“Unstressed plants emitted less than one sound per hour,on average,” researcher Lilach Hadany said,“while the stressed plants — both dehydrated and injured — emitted dozens of sounds every hour.”
To catch these sounds,Hadany’s team surrounded tomato and tobacco plants with super-sensitive microphones.They then fed the data into an artificial intelligence program that could tell the difference between the species of plant and the types of sounds produced.
“Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds,and that these sounds contain information,” Hadany wrote.She added that to translate that information,we just need the “right tools such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering.”Doing so,researchers noted,may allow farmers to judge exactly when and where to water crops.Saving water,increasing harvests,and lowering stress for both plant and humankind.
( )5.What did researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel find
A.Creatures tend to cry out for help when in danger.
B.Plants can give off sounds when they are stressed.
C.Plant sounds can be heard by both animals and humans.
D.Plants make the same sound whatever type of stress they have.
( )6.What does the author want to show in Paragraph 3
A.The influence of stress on plants.
B.The urgency of relieving stress of plants.
C.The possibility of plants emitting sounds.
D.The importance of conducting the research.
( )7.Why was an artificial intelligence program used in the research
A.To help get rid of plant stress.
B.To identify the types of stress.
C.To collect sounds emitted by plants.
D.To analyze the collected sounds of plants.
( )8.What can we learn from Hadany’s words in the last paragraph
A.The research is of practical value.
B.It’s difficult to understand plant sounds.
C.Further research is needed in the future.
D.It’s as easy as pie for farmers to grow crops.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自然 话题——植物会发声 本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于植物会发声的研究。
答案及剖析:
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,以色列特拉维夫大学的研究人员发现植物在有压力时会发出声音。故选B。
6.A 推理判断题。第三段介绍了植物在不同压力状况中发声的频率不同,可推知,作者在第三段主要想介绍压力对植物的影响。故选A。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“ They then fed the data into...and the types of sounds produced.”可知,在研究中使用人工智能是为了分析收集到的植物声音。故选D。
8.A 推理判断题。最后一段“She added that to translate...lowering stress for both plant and humankind.”提到,利用合适的工具翻译这些信息可以让农民准确地判断何时何地给作物浇水。节约用水,增加收成,减轻植物和人类的压力。可推知,Hadany的话表明该研究具有一定的实用价值。故选A。
[长难句分析]
“We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound,” researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings,published in one scientific journal.
分析:这是一个复合句。主句主干:主语是researchers, 谓语是wrote,宾语是直接引语。过去分词published in one scientific journal是后置定语,修饰findings。直接引语中句子主干是We found that 从句和and that从句,两个that从句都是found的宾语。
译文:以色列特拉维夫大学的研究人员在一本科学杂志上发表的研究结果中写道:“我们发现,植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音,每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的可识别的声音有关。”
