第二讲 词汇线索
为了表达同一主题,作者在文章中会使用一些相同、相近或反义词汇从不同角度组织表达,还会使用代词指代前面提到的名词,从而服务于主题,这就给我们解答七选五题目暗设了一条线索。抓住这些词汇线索,就能快速且准确地匹配一些选项。
原词复现
[典例]
(2022·全国乙卷)
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.37. .There are alternatives to constant written communication,such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
...
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
答案及剖析:E 上文中的“what method works best for you both”与E项中“their preferred methods”对应,且下文中 的“communication”和E项中的“communication”呼应,为原词复现,上下文语义连贯。故选E。
同/近义词复现
[典例]
(2021·浙江1月卷)
If there are three lines in the store,delays will happen randomly at different registers.Think about the probability:33. So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
A.Why does this always seem to happen to you
B.So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines
C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
...
答案及剖析:D 空前的probability与D项中的chances呼应,同时D项与空后一句“So it’s not just in your mind:Another line probably is moving faster.”呼应,符合语境。
反义词复现
[典例]
(2021·全国甲卷)
Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.37. , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that,and it becomes uncontrollable.
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
...
答案及剖析:A 分析本句的结构可知,后半句中的“more than that ...”和空处所填应形成意义相反对比关系;分析各选项可知,A项Less people than that中的that与more than that 中的that均指代该段首句中的Invite 5-10 people;less和more是反义词复现。故A项正确。
派生词复现
[典例]
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
You and your partner will probably have different skills.40. Over time,both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
...
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
答案及剖析:F 根据上文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.”可知,你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能;再根据空后“Over time,both of you will benefit ...”可知,随着时间的推移,你和你的伙伴都会受益。由此可以推断出,F项“请接受你们的不同,并学会彼此合作”承上启下,符合语境,且选项中的differences是上文中different的派生词。故选F。
代词指代
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.39. That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
...
答案及剖析:C 根据空后“That way,you could exchange thoughts...your personality that shine through.”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见。选项C“他们甚至可能想尝试做这个练习”符合语境,C项中的“they”与空前的“a friend or family member”一致,同时选项C和下文中的“this”一致。故选C。
综合运用演练
Passage 1
With the digital revolution,people’s lives are being transformed.The mobile phone is a symbol of this development.Nearly everyone uses mobile phones,as they allow us to complete modern tasks conveniently and effectively.1.
Mobile phones are a threat to our health.2. This will cause overweight and some other problems.Mobile phones have a particularly great impact on children’s health,even affecting the normal development of their brain and body.
It’s also true that too much use of mobile phones can make us cold and distant.How many times have you noticed that people sit with each other,but don’t interact Our dependence on phones reduces our opportunities for face-to-face communication.3.
Mobile phones also take up much of our time that could be better used in other things.They may include learning,playing sports,going sightseeing and so on.4. On the contrary,the only result after a long time spent on mobile phones,like playing video games or watching video clips is that we may not only feel tired,but empty in mind.
5. It is certainly convenient,but it also encourages us to be lazy about our physical health and our relationships with the people closest to us.Wouldn’t it be a good idea,once in a while,to turn off the phone and step out into the country,to enjoy the scenery and in the meantime get some exercise with the people we love
A.It will cause our interpersonal communicating skills to suffer.
B.However,we should not overlook their bad influences.
C.All in all,the mobile phone has positives and negatives.
D.Anyway,the convenience of mobile phones can’t be ignored.
E.Mobiles are also used by students or learners to cheat in the exams.
F.The activities are mentally and physically beneficial to us.
G.Using them for too long tends to make us passive and ignore physical exercise.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与社会 话题——手机的危害 本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了手机带来方便的同时,也存在很多弊端。
答案及剖析:
1.B 空前“they allow us to complete modern tasks conveniently and effectively” 讲到了手机带来的好处,而下文主要讲手机带来的危害,因此空处会形成转折,B项“然而,我们不应忽略它们的负面影响”符合语境。
2.G 本段的主题句讲到了手机对健康的危害,空后在具体讲后果,因此空处讲到的应该也是手机对健康的危害,且空后的This与G项中的“Using them for too long”相呼应,故G项符合语境。
3.A 空处承接上一句“Our dependence on phones reduces our opportunities for face-to-face communication.”,应该会讲到这么做的危害,故A项符合语境。且A项中的“interpersonal communicating”与前一句中的“face-to-face communication”相呼应。
4.F 根据空后的“On the contrary”可知,空处紧跟上文,结合上文中的“They may include learning,playing sports,going sightseeing and so on.”可知,空处应该会讲到与这些活动相关的内容,故F项符合语境。
5.C 此处为全文最后一段首句,应该为一个总结句来总结全文,再结合空后的“It is certainly convenient,but it also encourages us to be lazy...”可知,总结句应既要提到好处,也要讲到坏处,故C项符合语境。
Passage 2
(2023·湖南衡阳高三联考)
Forming a new habit in the best of times can be difficult,let alone trying to make changes when you’re already spent.So what do you do if you find yourself exhausted but longing for a change Here is the pathway to sustainably building new habits.
Start with Sleep
If you’re super tired,then the key to greater productivity is to get enough sleep habitually.Start with an earlier bedtime.1. .Most people consider it as their first step,but it actually comes later in the process.Because when you get to bed on time and fall asleep quickly,getting up is so much easier.
Think About Nutrition
2. ,then you’ll have the capacity to work on other areas.Think about whether you’re getting enough nourishment.Some people get so absorbed in their work that they don’t have time to eat—or they simply forget to! If you find yourself in that situation,buy some very simple nutrition options like bars or protein shakes that you always keep at your desk.
3.
Exercise ultimately gives you more energy throughout the day instead of depleting it.It also has the added benefits of improving mood,sleep quality,and focus.If you do at least 25 minutes of vigorous cardio exercise at least three times a week,you can improve your overall wellness.
Pick a New Habit
Healthy habits will have improved your energy and focus during the day so that you have the capacity to take on your new habit.4. .For example,you may decide to focus on being on time,planning your week,or some other habits that you would like to master.Then focus on incremental (增量的) change.
The key to habit change,especially when you’re truly exhausted,is to take it slowly and steadily: You won’t be able to change all of your habits in a day.5. .
A.Get Moving
B.Improve your health
C.Choose just one to work on at a time
D.Once you give yourself enough time to rest
E.Then focus on getting up at a consistent time
F.You can pick other new habits to fold into your life
G.But with time,you can develop your new habits efficiently
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——养成好习惯 本文是说明文。文章介绍了养成好习惯的几种方法。
答案及剖析:
1.E 根据上下文可知,文中提到要早点睡觉,并描述了睡眠和起床之间的关系,因此E项“然后专注于在固定的时间起床” 符合题意,衔接上文,说明早睡有利于早起,引出下文二者关系的探讨。故选E。
2.D 下文“then you’ll have the capacity to work on other areas”说明了一种结果,故上文会说明引起该结果的原因或条件,结合上段谈论要有足够的睡眠可知,有了足够的休息就有能力在其他方面进行尝试,D项“ 一旦你给自己足够的时间休息” 符合题意。故选D。
3.A 空处是段落小标题。根据下文描述的是锻炼及锻炼带来的好处可知,本段的建议和锻炼有关。A项“动起来”可以概括本段内容。故选A。
4.C 根据下文两句可知,养成新的习惯不能一次过多,可以每次尝试一种,然后再增加,C项“每次只致力于一个习惯”符合题意,“work on at a time”照应下文“focus on”。故选C。
5.G 上文说明改变习惯不是一蹴而就的,需要时间,G项“但随着时间的推移,你可以有效地养成新习惯”衔接恰当。故选G。
[疑难词汇解读]
1.spent adj.筋疲力尽的
2.deplete v.(大量)减少,消耗
3.vigorous cardio exercise 剧烈有氧运动
4.consistent adj.一致的(共37张PPT)
第二讲 词汇线索
为了表达同一主题,作者在文章中会使用一些相同、相近或反义词汇从不同角度组织表达,还会使用代词指代前面提到的名词,从而服务于主题,这就给我们解答七选五题目暗设了一条线索。抓住这些词汇线索,就能快速且准确地匹配一些选项。
原词复现
[典例]
(2022·全国乙卷)
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.37. .There are alternatives to constant written communication,such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
...
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick
to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of
communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through
social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left
behind
√
答案及剖析:E 上文中的“what method works best for you both”与E项中“their preferred methods”对应,且下文中 的“communication”和E项中的“communication”呼应,为原词复现,上下文语义连贯。故选E。
同/近义词复现
[典例]
(2021·浙江1月卷)
If there are three lines in the store,delays will happen randomly at different registers.
Think about the probability:33. So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
A.Why does this always seem to happen to you
B.So why don’t most places encourage serpentine
lines
C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for
almost an hour.
D.The chances of your line being the fastest are
only one in three.
...
√
答案及剖析:D 空前的probability与D项中的chances呼应,同时D项与空后一句“So it’s not just in your mind:Another line probably is moving faster.”呼应,符合语境。
反义词复现
[典例]
(2021·全国甲卷)
Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.37. , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that,and it becomes uncontrollable.
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
...
√
答案及剖析:A 分析本句的结构可知,后半句中的“more than that ...”和空处所填应形成意义相反对比关系;分析各选项可知,A项Less people than that中的that与more than that 中的that均指代该段首句中的Invite 5-10 people;less和more是反义词复现。故A项正确。
派生词复现
[典例]
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
You and your partner will probably have different skills.40. Over time,both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
...
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your
favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking a training
partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work
with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should
include such information.
√
答案及剖析:F 根据上文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.”可知,你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能;再根据空后“Over time,both of you will benefit ...”可知,随着时间的推移,你和你的伙伴都会受益。由此可以推断出,F项“请接受你们的不同,并学会彼此合作”承上启下,符合语境,且选项中的differences是上文中different的派生词。故选F。
代词指代
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.39. That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about
yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the
exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some
forgiveness.
...
√
答案及剖析:C 根据空后“That way,you could exchange thoughts...your personality that shine through.”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见。选项C“他们甚至可能想尝试做这个练习”符合语境,C项中的“they”与空前的“a friend or family member”一致,同时选项C和下文中的“this”一致。故选C。
Passage 1
With the digital revolution,people’s lives are being transformed.The mobile phone is a symbol of this development.Nearly everyone uses mobile phones,as they allow us to complete modern tasks conveniently and effectively.1.
综合运用演练
However,we should not overlook their bad influences.
Mobile phones are a threat to our health.
2. .
This will cause overweight and some other problems.Mobile phones have a particularly great impact on children’s health,even affecting the normal development of their brain and body.
Using them for too long tends to make us passive and ignore physical exercise.
It’s also true that too much use of mobile phones can make us cold and distant.How many times have you noticed that people sit with each other,but don’t interact Our dependence on phones reduces our opportunities for face-to-face communication.3.
It will cause our interpersonal communicating skills to suffer.
Mobile phones also take up much of our time that could be better used in other things.They may include learning,playing sports,going sightseeing and so on.4.
On the contrary,the only result after a long time spent on mobile phones,like playing video games or watching video clips is that we may not only feel tired,but empty in mind.
The activities are mentally and physically beneficial to us.
5. .
It is certainly convenient,but it also encourages us to be lazy about our physical health and our relationships with the people closest to us.Wouldn’t it be a good idea,once in a while,to turn off the phone and step out into the country,to enjoy the scenery and in the meantime get some exercise with the people we love
All in all,the mobile phone has positives and negatives.
A.It will cause our interpersonal communicating
skills to suffer.
B.However,we should not overlook their bad
influences.
C.All in all,the mobile phone has positives and
negatives.
D.Anyway,the convenience of mobile phones can’t
be ignored.
E.Mobiles are also used by students or learners
to cheat in the exams.
F.The activities are mentally and physically
beneficial to us.
G.Using them for too long tends to make us
passive and ignore physical exercise.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与社会 话题——手机的危害 本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了手机带来方便的同时,也存在很多弊端。
答案及剖析:
1.B 空前“they allow us to complete modern tasks conveniently and effectively” 讲到了手机带来的好处,而下文主要讲手机带来的危害,因此空处会形成转折,
B项“然而,我们不应忽略它们的负面影响”符合语境。
2.G 本段的主题句讲到了手机对健康的危害,空后在具体讲后果,因此空处讲到的应该也是手机对健康的危害,且空后的This与G项中的“Using them for too long”相呼应,故G项符合语境。
3.A 空处承接上一句“Our dependence on phones reduces our opportunities for face-to-face communication.”,应该会讲到这么做的危害,故A项符合语境。且A项中的“interpersonal communicating”与前一句中的“face-to-face communication”相呼应。
4.F 根据空后的“On the contrary”可知,空处紧跟上文,结合上文中的“They may include learning,playing sports,going sightseeing and so on.”可知,空处应该会讲到与这些活动相关的内容,故F项符合语境。
5.C 此处为全文最后一段首句,应该为一个总结句来总结全文,再结合空后的“It is certainly convenient,
but it also encourages us to be lazy...”可知,总结句应既要提到好处,也要讲到坏处,故C项符合语境。
Passage 2
(2023·湖南衡阳高三联考)
Forming a new habit in the best of times can be difficult,let alone trying to make changes when you’re already spent.So what do you do if you find yourself exhausted but longing for a change Here is the pathway to sustainably building new habits.
Start with Sleep
If you’re super tired,then the key to greater productivity is to get enough sleep habitually.Start with an earlier bedtime.1. .
.Most people consider it as their first step,but it actually comes later in the process.Because when you get to bed on time and fall asleep quickly,
getting up is so much easier.
Then focus on getting up at a consistent time
Think About Nutrition
2. ,then you’ll have the capacity to work on other areas.
Think about whether you’re getting enough nourishment.
Some people get so absorbed in their work that they don’t have time to eat—or they simply forget to! If you find yourself in that situation,buy some very simple nutrition options like bars or protein shakes that you always keep at your desk.
Once you give yourself enough time to rest
3.
Exercise ultimately gives you more energy throughout the day instead of depleting it.It also has the added benefits of improving mood,
sleep quality,and focus.If you do at least 25 minutes of vigorous cardio exercise at least three times a week,you can improve your overall wellness.
Get Moving
Pick a New Habit
Healthy habits will have improved your energy and focus during the day so that you have the capacity to take on your new habit.4. .
.For example,you may decide to focus on being on time,planning your week,or some other habits that you would like to master.Then focus on incremental (增量的) change.
Choose just one to work on at a time
The key to habit change,especially when you’re truly exhausted,is to take it slowly and steadily: You won’t be able to change all of your habits in a day.5. .
.
A.Get Moving
B.Improve your health
C.Choose just one to work on at a time
D.Once you give yourself enough time to rest
E.Then focus on getting up at a consistent time
F.You can pick other new habits to fold into your life
But with time,you can develop your new habits efficiently
G.But with time,you can develop your new habits
efficiently
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——养成好习惯 本文是说明文。文章介绍了养成好习惯的几种方法。
答案及剖析:
1.E 根据上下文可知,文中提到要早点睡觉,并描述了睡眠和起床之间的关系,因此E项“然后专注于在固定的时间起床” 符合题意,衔接上文,说明早睡有利于早起,引出下文二者关系的探讨。故选E。
2.D 下文“then you’ll have the capacity to work on other areas”说明了一种结果,故上文会说明引起该结果的原因或条件,结合上段谈论要有足够的睡眠可知,有了足够的休息就有能力在其他方面进行尝试,D项“ 一旦你给自己足够的时间休息” 符合题意。故选D。
3.A 空处是段落小标题。根据下文描述的是锻炼及锻炼带来的好处可知,本段的建议和锻炼有关。A项“动起来”可以概括本段内容。故选A。
4.C 根据下文两句可知,养成新的习惯不能一次过多,可以每次尝试一种,然后再增加,C项“每次只致力于一个习惯”符合题意,“work on at a time”照应下文“focus on”。故选C。
5.G 上文说明改变习惯不是一蹴而就的,需要时间,G项“但随着时间的推移,你可以有效地养成新习惯”衔接恰当。故
选G。
[疑难词汇解读]
1.spent adj.筋疲力尽的
2.deplete v.(大量)减少,消耗
3.vigorous cardio exercise 剧烈有氧运动
4.consistent adj.一致的
