第二讲 分层突破,巧解完形
完形填空首句一般不设空,设空均匀分布,设题为句内、句组、语篇三个层次。
句内层次题:考查数量6个左右。完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础题目,也就是句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意再结合句内信息顺势答出。随着一个个空缺被填充,文章被还原,文意也就越来越明朗,做题也就会越来越顺手。所以做完形填空第一步的正确做法是能填的尽量填一填,把残缺的信息补全。
句组层次题:考查数量7个左右,句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不能填,可在空格前后再找信息源。
语篇层次题:考查数量2个左右。解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合思考再做判定。
一、句内和句组层次题
利用语义复现
语义复现是做完形填空题时常用的解题技巧。语义复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现等。
[典例1]
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41(memories) are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little.Once,we 42 along Chalk Creek.
( )42.A.camped B.drove
C.walked D.cycled
答案及剖析:A 根据上一段的“wonderful camping experiences”可知,作者一家是在Chalk Creek岸边露营。camping与camped属于原词复现。
[典例2]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 47 .George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 48(hard) for him,having to leave his dog to a 49(stranger) and trust that everything would 50(work out).
( )47.A.confused B.nervous
C.annoyed D.curious
答案及剖析:B 根据下文“George,the husband,was trying to be calm”可知,当“我”见到Tiffy的主人时,他们看起来很紧张。calm和nervous是反义词,故选B。
利用逻辑关系
利用逻辑关系解题是完形填空最基本也是最重要的方法,因为语篇都是以一定的逻辑关系衔接的。逻辑关系主要有条件、因果、时间、转折、并列、递进、解释等。
[典例1]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was 53 ,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
( )53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected
C.unavoidable D.uneventful
答案及剖析:D 根据“and”后的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,前句讲的是“很顺利”的事情:这次飞行平安无事。and前后是并列逻辑关系。故选D。
[典例2]
(2023·全国甲卷)
...It was a very nice 45(gesture) for him to make.But when we looked at the tomatoes,we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice,round,47(shiny) things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy,in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.
( )46.A.worried B.moved
C.thrilled D.bored
答案及剖析:A 根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知,西红柿形状不规则,所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。此处为因果关系。故选A。
利用习惯搭配和固定结构
完形填空中偶尔会考查一些习惯搭配、固定句式。这时考生就可以运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例]
(2023·全国甲卷)
Many years ago,I bought a house in the Garfagnana,where we still go every summer.The first time we 41(stayed) there,we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42 its way down the hill toward us.It was a 43(neighbor) called Mario,coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.
( )42.A.making B.searching
C.squeezing D.feeling
答案及剖析:A 根据后文“coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知,邻居骑着摩托车过来给我们送东西。所以make one’s way符合语境,为固定搭配,意为“前往”。故选A。
利用文化背景和生活常识
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情以及生活常识等方面的知识。考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,同时,运用生活常识也会节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例]
(2023·全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best.She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach,where she loved to 44(ride) waves on her board.
( )42.A.take up B.pack up
C.clean up D.do up
( )43.A.goodbye B.hello
C.thanks D.no
答案及剖析:42.B 43.A 根据上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best”和常识可知,Gabby Douglas要离开熟悉的一切,所以要收拾卧室,与两只狗和海滩告别。所以42题选B,43题选A。
二、语篇层次题
利用语境暗示
完形填空中有部分题目都是通过语境暗示来完成的。考生务必仔细体会句意,句与句之间的含义以及整个段落或者整篇文章的含义。这种题目往往是只能意会不能言传。
[典例]
(2023·全国乙卷)
As it turned out,Douglas did 50(exactly) what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51(defeated) two Russians.The Chinese coach 52(transformed) Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53(world),helping her skyrocket from an 54(average) member of the national team to the top of the sport.By 55(winning) the Olympic all-around title,she became the first black woman to do so.She 56(led) the competition from beginning to end.She said she had felt 57(confident) all along that she would win.
...
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said.“I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
( )60.A.shine B.fly
C.dance D.score
答案及剖析:A 整篇文章都在讲述体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军而奋力拼搏,同时由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知,Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人,即自己会发光,影响到很多人,故选A。
综合运用演练
(2023·重庆七校高三模拟)
Middle and high school students in Minneapolis are engaged in volunteering every Monday.They help make sure their neighbours have a positive experience when 1 donations.Micah,13,is one of these teens 2 giving up a few evenings to 3 physical labor.“It’s not that hard,” she says.“It’s 4 and it feels good to volunteer and help.” Darrick Granison says the youth undertake a variety of 5 .“With the young people,we help them to box up some of the food we get,”he says.“These boxes are pretty 6 .The boxes are like 50 or 60 pounds.”
The food is 7 from several Minneapolis grocery stores,including fresh meat,vegetables,milk and more.“We just try to give people what we would 8 if we were in their 9 ,” he said.
This week was Micah’s first time to volunteer.“I was really 10 ,”she says,“but it wasn’t as hard as I thought.I’m just happy that I’m able to 11 .”
Middle schooler Noel is learning some valuable 12 .“We build up our confidence,know our 13 ,and realise how important we are to the world,” he said.
At just 13 years old,he has some experience in volunteering.He urges other kids to get 14 too.“It feels great.I mean,ever since I was younger,I’ve always loved 15 people,” he said.
( )1.A.receiving B.making
C.giving D.raising
( )2.A.sadly B.regretfully
C.enthusiastically D.reluctantly
( )3.A.go through B.take on
C.prepare for D.look for
( )4.A.slow B.natural
C.little D.easy
( )5.A.ideas B.tasks
C.plans D.problems
( )6.A.beautiful B.heavy
C.expensive D.light
( )7.A.cooked B.delivered
C.distributed D.donated
( )8.A.eat B.require
C.possess D.use
( )9.A.way B.home
C.position D.restaurant
( )10.A.generous B.polite
C.nervous D.bored
( )11.A.work B.exercise
C.rest D.volunteer
( )12.A.facts B.lessons
C.tips D.hobbies
( )13.A.secret B.faith
C.worth D.attitude
( )14.A.involved B.educated
C.awarded D.challenged
( )15.A.meeting B.praising
C.helping D.understanding
语篇解读:主题语境——人与社会 话题——志愿者服务 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了一群年轻人在明尼阿波利斯做志愿者,帮助当地社区的捐赠食品店给穷人们分发食物的故事。
[语篇脉络]
答案及剖析:
1.A 根据下文的“The food is...from several Minneapolis grocery stores”可知,他们帮助邻居们在接受(receiving)捐赠的时候,有一个愉快的经历。
2.C 根据下文的“it feels good to volunteer and help”可知,她是一个充满热情的(enthusiastically)志愿者。
3.B 结合后面的“physical labor”和“It’s not that hard”可知,她承担(take on)一些体力方面的劳动。
4.D 与前面的“not that hard”呼应,故选D。
5.B 根据后面的“box up some of the food”可知,这些年轻人承担各种各样的任务(tasks)。
6.B 根据后面的“The boxes are like 50 or 60 pounds.”可知,这些箱子非常重(heavy)。
7.D 根据第一段的“donations”可知,这些食物是几个杂货店捐赠的(donated)。
8.A 根据前面的“We just try to give people what we would”和“food”可知,此处指我们吃的(eat)东西。
9.C 结合语境可知。此处表示在他们的处境(position)中。
10.C 根据前面的“first time”和后面的“but it wasn’t as hard”可知,这是Micah第一次做志愿者,所以有点紧张(nervous)。
11.D 根据前面的“This week was Micah’s first time to volunteer.”可知,她非常高兴能做志愿者(volunteer)。
12.B 根据后面的“build up our confidence”等可知,这是Noel从志愿活动中学到的经验(lessons)。
13.C 结合后面的“realise how important we are to the world”可知,此处表示通过志愿活动知道了自己的价值(worth)。
14.A 根据前面的“He urges other kids”可知,他敦促其他的孩子积极参与(involved)志愿活动。
15.C 根据前面的内容以及全文的中心可知,Noel喜欢帮助(helping)其他的人。
易错防范,避免失误丢分
完形填空突出词汇语境化的命题原则,强调学生通读短文,掌握文章大意,考查学生综合运用词汇等知识以及对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力。学生主要失分原因为词汇选择脱离语境,缺乏从整体掌握语篇的意识。具体表现在:1.熟词生义/一词多义想不到;2.难词僻义未掌握;3.构词知识记不牢;4.文章主线理不清。
1.熟词生义/一词多义想不到
[典例1]
(2023·全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best.She had to 42(pack up) her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 43(goodbye) to her two dogs and to the beach,where she loved to 44 waves on her board.But it was 45(time) to take the leap (飞跃),however 46(heartbreaking) it would be.
( )44.A.cause B.observe
C.ride D.strike
答案及剖析:C 由下文“waves on her board”可知,此处表示冲浪,ride waves意为“冲浪”。 考生只知ride 有“骑车”之意而不知道有“航行,(在水中)漂浮”之意。
[典例2]
(2023·全国甲卷)
It was a 43(neighbor) called Mario,coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.It was a very nice 45 for him to make.
( )45.A.choice B.comment
C.promise D.gesture
答案及剖析:D 根据前文“coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知,马里奥给作者一家带来一盒西红柿和一瓶酒,所以是好的姿态。gesture意为“姿态”。故选D。
2.难词僻义未掌握
[典例1]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was 53 ,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 55(thankful) and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
( )53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected
C.unavoidable D.uneventful
答案及剖析:D 根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,这次飞行平安无事(uneventful)。故选D。此处考查uneventful“太平无事的”这一难词僻义。
[典例2]
(2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 44(interpreted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.But our45(surprising)research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
( )46.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
答案及剖析:C 根据上文信息“长期以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的‘自我中心的’生物的证据。”和本句中的 But 一词可知,本句意为“我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾”。再结合选项可判断出C项 contradicted “与……矛盾”正确。此处考查的是“contradict(与……矛盾)”这一难词僻义。
3.构词知识记不牢
[典例1]
(2023·全国乙卷)
...But it was 45(time) to take the leap (飞跃),however 46 it would be.Even at 14,Douglas knew that.So she 47(went off) about 1,200 miles away from home,to 48(train) with a coach from China.She lived with a family she had never 49(met) and everything was new to her.
( )46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking
C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
答案及剖析:B 由上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知,放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心的(heartbreaking),利用构词法可看出heart+breaking的意思是“令人心碎的,令人伤心的”。故选B。
[典例2]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
In April last year,I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41(budget).They could not afford to pay for 42(transportation) for their dog,Tiffy,and 43 wanted to take her with them.
( )43.A.desperately B.temporarily
C.secretly D.originally
答案及剖析:A 根据“wanted to take her with them”可知,这家人非常(desperately)想把狗一起带走。此处利用构词法可看出desperately是由desperate(渴望的)+-ly词缀构成的副词(非常,拼命地),故选A。
4.文章主线理不清
[典例1]
(2023·浙江1月卷)
It was too 52(early) to collect the honey.A cool summer had delayed 53(hatch).Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).The adult bees were 54(angry) and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.He had to wait for the right 55 to go back up.
( )55.A.moment B.equipment
C.person D.order
答案及剖析:A 根据上文可知,凉爽的夏天推迟了孵化。小蜜蜂还在蜂巢里。当Ziyad从树上逃离时,成年蜜蜂愤怒地继续攻击。此刻不是采集蜂蜜的好时机,因此养蜂人需要等到合适的时机(moment)再来采集。如果考生不能确切地领悟文章大意,而一味地认为文章最后都是美好的结局,那就有可能误选B项。
[典例2]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was 53(uneventful),and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 55 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
( )55.A.thankful B.generous
C.proud D.sympathetic
答案及剖析:A 通读全文,再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可推知,此处指对于作者的帮忙,George非常感激(thankful)。如果考生不能确切地领悟文章大意,可能会认为这是一件骄傲的事情,而误选C项。(共62张PPT)
第二讲 分层突破,巧解完形
完形填空首句一般不设空,设空均匀分布,设题为句内、句组、语篇三个层次。
句内层次题:考查数量6个左右。完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础题目,也就是句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意再结合句内信息顺势答出。随着一个个空缺被填充,文章被还原,文意也就越来越明朗,做题也就会越来越顺手。所以做完形填空第一步的正确做法是能填的尽量填一填,把残缺的信息补全。
句组层次题:考查数量7个左右,句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不能填,可在空格前后再找信息源。
语篇层次题:考查数量2个左右。解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合思考再做判定。
一、句内和句组层次题
利用语义复现
语义复现是做完形填空题时常用的解题技巧。语义复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现等。
[典例1]
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41(memories) are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little.Once,we 42 along Chalk Creek.
( )42.A.camped B.drove
C.walked D.cycled
答案及剖析:A 根据上一段的“wonderful camping experiences”可知,作者一家是在Chalk Creek岸边露营。camping与camped属于原词复现。
√
[典例2]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very
47 .George,the husband,was trying to be calm,
but I could tell this was 48(hard) for him,having to leave his dog to a 49(stranger) and trust that everything would 50(work out).
( )47.A.confused B.nervous
C.annoyed D.curious
答案及剖析:B 根据下文“George,the husband,was trying to be calm”可知,当“我”见到Tiffy的主人时,他们看起来很紧张。calm和nervous是反义词,故选B。
√
利用逻辑关系
利用逻辑关系解题是完形填空最基本也是最重要的方法,因为语篇都是以一定的逻辑关系衔接的。逻辑关系主要有条件、因果、时间、转折、并列、递进、
解释等。
[典例1]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was 53 ,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
( )53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected
C.unavoidable D.uneventful
答案及剖析:D 根据“and”后的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,前句讲的是“很顺利”的事情:这次飞行平安无事。and前后是并列逻辑关系。故选D。
√
[典例2]
(2023·全国甲卷)
...It was a very nice 45(gesture) for him to make.But when we looked at the tomatoes,we were
46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice,round,47(shiny) things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy,in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.
( )46.A.worried B.moved
C.thrilled D.bored
答案及剖析:A 根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知,西红柿形状不规则,所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。此处为因果关系。故选A。
√
利用习惯搭配和固定结构
完形填空中偶尔会考查一些习惯搭配、固定句式。这时考生就可以运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例]
(2023·全国甲卷)
Many years ago,I bought a house in the Garfagnana,where we still go every summer.The first time we 41(stayed) there,we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42 its way down the hill toward us.It was a 43(neighbor) called Mario,coming to
44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.
( )42.A.making B.searching
C.squeezing D.feeling
答案及剖析:A 根据后文“coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知,邻居骑着摩托车过来给我们送东西。所以make one’s way符合语境,为固定搭配,意为“前往”。故选A。
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利用文化背景和生活常识
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情以及生活常识等方面的知识。考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,同时,运用生活常识也会节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例]
(2023·全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best.She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach,where she loved to 44(ride) waves on her board.
( )42.A.take up B.pack up
C.clean up D.do up
( )43.A.goodbye B.hello
C.thanks D.no
答案及剖析:42.B 43.A 根据上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best”和常识可知,Gabby Douglas要离开熟悉的一切,所以要收拾卧室,与两只狗和海滩告别。所以42题选B,43题选A。
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二、语篇层次题
利用语境暗示
完形填空中有部分题目都是通过语境暗示来完成的。考生务必仔细体会句意,句与句之间的含义以及整个段落或者整篇文章的含义。这种题目往往是只能意会不能言传。
[典例]
(2023·全国乙卷)
As it turned out,Douglas did 50(exactly) what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51(defeated) two Russians.The Chinese coach 52(transformed) Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53(world),helping her skyrocket from an 54(average) member of the national team to the top of the sport.
By 55(winning) the Olympic all-around title,she became the first black woman to do so.She 56(led) the competition from beginning to end.She said she had felt 57(confident) all along that she would win.
...
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said.“I’m ready to 60 .” And shine
she did.
( )60.A.shine B.fly
C.dance D.score
√
答案及剖析:A 整篇文章都在讲述体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军而奋力拼搏,同时由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知,Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人,即自己会发光,影响到很多人,故选A。
综合运用演练
(2023·重庆七校高三模拟)
Middle and high school students in Minneapolis are engaged in volunteering every Monday.They help make sure their neighbours have a positive experience when 1 donations.Micah,
13,is one of these teens 2 giving up a few evenings to 3 physical labor.“It’s not that hard,” she says.
“It’s 4 and it feels good to volunteer and help.” Darrick Granison says the youth undertake a variety of 5 .“With the young people,we help them to box up some of the food we get,”he says.“These boxes are pretty
6 .The boxes are like 50 or 60 pounds.”
The food is 7 from several Minneapolis grocery stores,including fresh meat,vegetables,
milk and more.“We just try to give people what we would 8 if we were in their 9 ,” he said.
This week was Micah’s first time to volunteer.“I was really 10 ,”she says,“but it wasn’t as hard as I thought.I’m just happy that I’m able to 11 .”
Middle schooler Noel is learning some valuable 12 .“We build up our confidence,
know our 13 ,and realise how important we are to the world,” he said.
At just 13 years old,he has some experience in volunteering.He urges other kids to get
14 too.“It feels great.I mean,ever since I was younger,I’ve always loved 15 people,” he said.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与社会 话题——志愿者服务 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了一群年轻人在明尼阿波利斯做志愿者,帮助当地社区的捐赠食品店给穷人们分发食物的故事。
[语篇脉络]
( )1.A.receiving B.making
C.giving D.raising
√
答案及剖析:
1.A 根据下文的“The food is...from several Minneapolis grocery stores”可知,他们帮助邻居们在接受(receiving)捐赠的时候,有一个愉快的经历。
( )2.A.sadly B.regretfully
C.enthusiastically D.reluctantly
答案及剖析:
2.C 根据下文的“it feels good to volunteer and help”可知,她是一个充满热情的(enthusiastically)志愿者。
√
( )3.A.go through B.take on
C.prepare for D.look for
√
答案及剖析:
3.B 结合后面的“physical labor”和“It’s not that hard”可知,她承担(take on)一些体力方面的
劳动。
( )4.A.slow B.natural
C.little D.easy
答案及剖析:
4.D 与前面的“not that hard”呼应,故选D。
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( )5.A.ideas B.tasks
C.plans D.problems
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答案及剖析:
5.B 根据后面的“box up some of the food”可知,这些年轻人承担各种各样的任务(tasks)。
( )6.A.beautiful B.heavy
C.expensive D.light
答案及剖析:
6.B 根据后面的“The boxes are like 50 or 60 pounds.”可知,这些箱子非常重(heavy)。
√
( )7.A.cooked B.delivered
C.distributed D.donated
答案及剖析:
7.D 根据第一段的“donations”可知,这些食物是
几个杂货店捐赠的(donated)。
√
( )8.A.eat B.require
C.possess D.use
答案及剖析:
8.A 根据前面的“We just try to give people what we would”和“food”可知,此处指我们吃的(eat)东西。
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( )9.A.way B.home
C.position D.restaurant
答案及剖析:
9.C 结合语境可知。此处表示在他们的处境(position)中。
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( )10.A.generous B.polite
C.nervous D.bored
答案及剖析:
10.C 根据前面的“first time”和后面的“but it wasn’t as hard”可知,这是Micah第一次做志愿者,所以有点紧张(nervous)。
√
( )11.A.work B.exercise
C.rest D.volunteer
答案及剖析:
11.D 根据前面的“This week was Micah’s first time to volunteer.”可知,她非常高兴能做志愿者(volunteer)。
√
( )12.A.facts B.lessons
C.tips D.hobbies
答案及剖析:
12.B 根据后面的“build up our confidence”等可知,这是Noel从志愿活动中学到的经验(lessons)。
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( )13.A.secret B.faith
C.worth D.attitude
答案及剖析:
13.C 结合后面的“realise how important we are to the world”可知,此处表示通过志愿活动知道了自己的价值(worth)。
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( )14.A.involved B.educated
C.awarded D.challenged
答案及剖析:
14.A 根据前面的“He urges other kids”可知,他敦促其他的孩子积极参与(involved)志愿活动。
√
( )15.A.meeting B.praising
C.helping D.understanding
答案及剖析:
15.C 根据前面的内容以及全文的中心可知,Noel喜欢帮助(helping)其他的人。
√
易错防范,避免失误丢分
完形填空突出词汇语境化的命题原则,强调学生通读短文,掌握文章大意,考查学生综合运用词汇等知识以及对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力。学生主要失分原因为词汇选择脱离语境,缺乏从整体掌握语篇的意识。具体表现在:1.熟词生义/一词多义想不到;2.难词僻义未掌握;3.构词知识记不牢;4.文章主线理不清。
1.熟词生义/一词多义想不到
[典例1]
(2023·全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual
(个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best.She had to 42(pack up) her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 43(goodbye) to her two dogs and to the beach,where she loved to
44 waves on her board.But it was 45(time) to take the leap (飞跃),however 46(heartbreaking) it would be.
( )44.A.cause B.observe
C.ride D.strike
√
答案及剖析:C 由下文“waves on her board”可知,此处表示冲浪,ride waves意为“冲浪”。 考生只知ride 有“骑车”之意而不知道有“航行,(在水中)漂浮”之意。
[典例2]
(2023·全国甲卷)
It was a 43(neighbor) called Mario,coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.It was a very nice 45 for him to make.
( )45.A.choice B.comment
C.promise D.gesture
√
答案及剖析:D 根据前文“coming to 44(bring) us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知,马里奥给作者一家带来一盒西红柿和一瓶酒,所以是好的姿态。gesture意为“姿态”。故选D。
2.难词僻义未掌握
[典例1]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was 53 ,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
He was so 55(thankful) and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
( )53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected
C.unavoidable D.uneventful
√
答案及剖析:D 根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,这次飞行平安无事(uneventful)。故选D。此处考查uneventful“太平无事的”这一难词
僻义。
[典例2]
(2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 44(interpreted) as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.But our45(surprising)research results in child developmental psychology
46 that idea.
( )46.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
答案及剖析:C 根据上文信息“长期以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的‘自我中心的’生物的证据。”和本句中的 But 一词可知,本句意为“我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾”。再结合选项可判断出C项 contradicted “与……矛盾”正确。此处考查的是“contradict
(与……矛盾)”这一难词僻义。
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3.构词知识记不牢
[典例1]
(2023·全国乙卷)
...But it was 45(time) to take the leap (飞跃),however 46 it would be.Even at 14,
Douglas knew that.So she 47(went off) about 1,200 miles away from home,to 48(train) with a coach from China.She lived with a family she had never 49(met) and everything was new to her.
( )46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking
C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
答案及剖析:B 由上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知,放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心的(heartbreaking),利用构词法可看出heart+
breaking的意思是“令人心碎的,令人伤心的”。故选B。
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[典例2]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
In April last year,I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.
They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41(budget).They could not afford to pay for 42(transportation) for their dog,Tiffy,
and 43 wanted to take her with them.
( )43.A.desperately B.temporarily
C.secretly D.originally
答案及剖析:A 根据“wanted to take her with them”可知,这家人非常(desperately)想把狗一起带走。此处利用构词法可看出desperately是由desperate(渴望
的)+-ly词缀构成的副词(非常,拼命地),故选A。
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4.文章主线理不清
[典例1]
(2023·浙江1月卷)
It was too 52(early) to collect the honey.A cool summer had delayed 53(hatch).Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).The adult bees were 54(angry) and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.He had to wait for the right 55 to go back up.
( )55.A.moment B.equipment
C.person D.order
答案及剖析:A 根据上文可知,凉爽的夏天推迟了孵化。小蜜蜂还在蜂巢里。当Ziyad从树上逃离时,成年蜜蜂愤怒地继续攻击。此刻不是采集蜂蜜的好时机,因此养蜂人需要等到合适的时机(moment)再来采集。如果考生不能确切地领悟文章大意,而一味地认为文章最后都是美好的结局,那就有可能误选B项。
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[典例2]
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was 53(uneventful),and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 55 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
( )55.A.thankful B.generous
C.proud D.sympathetic
答案及剖析:A 通读全文,再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可推知,此处指对于作者的
帮忙,George非常感激(thankful)。如果考生不能确切地领悟文章大意,可能会认为这是一件骄傲的事情,而误
选C项。
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