(共42张PPT)
专题三 完形填空
2022—2023高考完形填空语篇及题型分析表
年份 卷别 文体 主题 语境 语篇 话题 考查词类
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2023 新高考 Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 越野赛 跑中 救助受伤对手 5 8 2 0 0
新高考 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 宠物公益航班 7 3 4 1 0
全国 甲卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与 自我 透过表面, 感受内在 8 4 7 0 1
全国 乙卷 记叙文 人与 自我 奥运体操冠军Gabby Douglas的成长故事 12 3 3 2 0
2022 新高考 Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与自我 野营经历 5 5 3 1 1
新高考 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与自我 环球旅行 4 7 3 1 0
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与社会 透过对待宠物的方式看人品 8 7 1 3 1
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与社会 从捉迷藏中 了解儿童心理 7 7 4 2 0
考 情 分 析 1.选材:选材广泛,体现时代气息,语言地道,涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,启迪性强。
2.热点:凸显以文化人的价值导向作用,例如,2023年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空选取一名越野赛跑运动员在比赛中将受伤的运动员背至终点就医的语篇,旨在引导学生关注体育与身心健康,提高运动意识,在体育锻炼中锤炼意志,涵养体育精神。
3.考查方式:考查仍以实词为主,突出考查考生的连贯性思维能力和对语境的理解能力。
4.变化:
(1)篇幅相对稳定,但语篇信息含量减少,信息综合幅度减小,试题的整体难度下降;
(2)段内段间都有明确的逻辑线,条理清晰、紧凑,选项词语辨识度低。
第一讲 速读文章,整体把握
高考英语完形填空题是一种立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它全面地测试了考生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。
它要求考生能够领悟一篇残缺的文章的语篇大意并选词填空,使文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
完形填空失分,在很大程度上不是语言能力不足所致,而是由于没有真正读懂文章,文意理解偏离主题,因此要快速准确把握文章大意。
读文章首先要克服一个错误心态——必须厘清弄明每个单词和细节。对于一篇挖出15个空格的短文,再加上考场时间的紧迫性,要完成这样的细读任务几乎是不可能的。初读文章只要明白了大意(who,when,where,what),掌握了梗概,总体把握了文章内容、结构、时态和语态变化、情节的展开、结果的形成,就达到了目的,完成了任务。
那么具体应该怎样读完形填空呢 下面以2023年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空真题为例来分析:
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On October 11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did.Her 42 came because she was carrying a
43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She
45 to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.
Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn’t.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there,Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey,she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 .“She was just crying.I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ,they’ve since become friends.
Neither won the race,but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
( )41.A.designed B.followed
C.changed D.finished
( )42.A.delay B.chance
C.trouble D.excuse
( )43.A.judge B.volunteer
C.classmate D.competitor
( )44.A.race B.school
C.town D.training
( )45.A.agreed B.returned
C.stopped D.promised
( )46.A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
( )47.A.went away B.stood up
C.stepped aside D.bent down
( )48.A.medical B.public
C.constant D.equal
( )49.A.interrupted B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
( )50.A.hunger B.pain
C.cold D.tiredness
( )51.A.worried B.ashamed
C.confused D.discouraged
( )52.A.game B.problem
C.lesson D.deal
( )53.A.leave B.cure
C.bother D.understand
( )54.A.ride B.test
C.meet D.show
( )55.A.secret B.display
C.benefit D.exchange
一、抓住首句,探寻大意
首句完整,线索清楚。一般来说,完形填空文章首句不设空,这是为了给考生提供清晰完整的背景信息。记叙文一般在文章的第一句交代人物的身份、事件发生的时间、地点等,然后再介绍事件的发展过程和结果。要充分利用首句,获取更多信息。从本篇文章的第一句“On October 11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.”中我们可以得到以下信息:
who—hundreds of runners
when—On October 11
what—a cross-country race
where—in Minnesota
由上可知,本文讲的是跑步者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛的故事。
二、速读全文,整体感知
答题前,应先越过设空处,通览全文,把握人物关系、情绪变化和故事情节。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空是对考生的英语能力要求较高的一个题型。只有在此基础上才能掌握文章的主旨要义,厘清上下文逻辑关系,对文章的细节和主旨进行有效推理判断,理解作者的观点和写作意图。
快速浏览全文后,可知本篇完形的主要人物为Melanie Bailey和另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue。文章讲述了Melanie Bailey背着Danielle Lenoue过终点线并帮她接受医疗检查。只有理顺了故事发展的脉络,才能选出正确答案。
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ,they’ve since become friends.
Neither won the race,but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
通读全文后,我们知道虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前彼此是陌生人,但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛,但展示出的人类的善良赢得了胜利。故54题选C,55题选B。
综合运用演练
(2023·山东泰安高三模拟)
If you’ve never experienced the embarrassment of having your card declined at a grocery store checkout,
consider yourself very lucky.
Jason Boudreaux was not so 1 during a recent trip to Cade’s Market.Jason,a former 2 who now works as a sales manager,had just deposited(储存) his paycheck an hour before he 3 at the store to pick up some seafood.
4 with depositing checks,Jason didn’t realise that the funds wouldn’t be available right away.Just before it was his 5 at the register,he’d been 6 with the man behind him.When his card got declined for the $30 purchase,the man he talked with paid for him.
Jason 7 a photo of him and the man on a social networking website, 8 by the touching words,“This gentleman said ‘I got you.’ I said ‘No,you don’t have to.’ He 9 ,‘No problem.I got you.’”
Jason was so excited about the man’s 10
that he didn’t manage to catch his hero’s 11 .
Jason’s post continued,“This guy just 12 for a complete stranger.He should be 13 .”
Jason said he was fully 14 to put on his detective hat and spend time tracking the man down,but with a friend’s help,he found the man
15 .The man is Kevin Jones,a father-of-three who drives a truck for a living.Now,they’re friends who feel as close as family.
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——善行义举 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了Jason Boudreaux在食品杂货店遭遇无法支付的尴尬,一位陌生男士挺身而出帮他付了钱。他很感激,将照片和信息发布到社交网站上,并在朋友的帮助下很快找到了好心人。
[语篇脉络]
( )1.A.proud B.confident
C.fortunate D.happy
√
答案及剖析:
1.C 与前文“lucky”相呼应,这里应是同义词“fortunate”,用在句中表达“Jason Boudreaux同样遭遇了尴尬,即没有那么幸运”。故选C。
( )2.A.manager B.salesman
C.detective D.headmaster
答案及剖析:
2.C 根据后文“put on his detective hat and spend time tracking the man down”可知,他之前是一名侦探(detective)。故选C。
√
( )3.A.rested B.ate
C.disappeared D.stopped
√
答案及剖析:
3.D Jason以前是一名侦探,现在是一名销售经理,他刚存入他的薪水,一个小时后他就在商店停下来(stopped)买了一些海鲜。 “stop at+某地”,固定短语,意为“停在某处”。故选D。
( )4.A.Impatient B.Unfamiliar
C.Careful D.Strict
答案及剖析:
4.B 根据后文“Jason didn’t realise that the funds wouldn’t be available right away”可知,他对存款不熟悉(Unfamiliar)。故选B。
√
( )5.A.turn B.attempt
C.chance D.effort
√
答案及剖析:
5.A 就在他在收银台前结账之前,他一直在和他后面的人聊天。 分析可知,“it is/was one’s turn (to do)”意为“轮到某人……”。故选A。
( )6.A.competing B.comparing
C.meeting D.chatting
答案及剖析:
6.D 与后文“talked with”相呼应,这里应是“chatting”。故选D。
√
( )7.A.found B.posted
C.selected D.developed
答案及剖析:
7.B 根据后文“on a social networking website(在社交网站上)”可知,他将自己和这位男士的照片发布到(posted)社交网站上。故选B。
√
( )8.A.accompanied B.clarified
C.confirmed D.simplified
答案及剖析:
8.A 分析可知,“the touching words”是与照片一起发布出来的。accompanied 意为“连同,配上”。故选A。
√
( )9.A.predicted B.interrupted
C.responded D.complained
答案及剖析:
9.C 后文“No problem.I got you.”是这位男士当时的回答(responded)。故选C。
√
( )10.A.courage B.kindness
C.honesty D.honor
答案及剖析:
10.B 根据前文“the man he talked with paid for him”可知,这位男士主动帮助了Jason,Jason为他的善良(kindness)而感动。故选B。
√
( )11.A.job B.face
C.age D.name
答案及剖析:
11.D 根据后文“This guy”可知,Jason还不知道这位男士的名字(name)。故选D。
√
( )12.A.stepped forward B.backed off
C.moved on D.set out
答案及剖析:
12.A 根据前文“the man he talked with paid for him”可知,这位男士主动帮助Jason,为了一个陌生人走上前来(stepped forward)帮忙付钱。back off “后退”;move on“继续前进”;set out“出发”,故选A。
√
( )13.A.trusted B.helped
C.recognised D.invited
答案及剖析:
13.C 根据前文“This guy just 12 for a complete stranger.”可知,Jason认为这位男士为陌生人“挺身而出”的善良行为值得大家的认可(recognised)。故选C。
√
( )14.A.satisfied B.prepared
C.careful D.curious
答案及剖析:
14.B Jason说,他已经做好了充分的准备,戴上侦探帽,花时间找到这名男士,而在朋友的帮助下,他很快找到了这名男士。 分析可知,“be fully prepared to do...”为固定短语,意为“做好充分的准备做某事”。故选B。
√
( )15.A.seriously B.secretly
C.randomly D.quickly
答案及剖析:
15.D 根据前文“spend time tracking the man down”可知,Jason都准备花费些时间找这个人了,而在朋友的帮助下,没有花费很多时间,很快(quickly)找到了他。故选D。
√
[疑难词汇解读]
1.embarrassment n.尴尬
2.decline vt.拒绝
3.paycheck n.工资支票,薪水
4.purchase n.购买,采购
5.track down 追踪2022—2023高考完形填空语篇及题型分析表
年份 卷别 文体 主题语境 语篇话题 考查词类
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2023 新高考 Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 越野赛跑中 救助受伤对手 5 8 2 0 0
新高考 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 宠物公益航班 7 3 4 1 0
全国 甲卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与自我 透过表面, 感受内在 8 4 7 0 1
全国 乙卷 记叙文 人与自我 奥运体操冠军Gabby Douglas的成长故事 12 3 3 2 0
2022 新高考 Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与自我 野营经历 5 5 3 1 1
新高考 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与自我 环球旅行 4 7 3 1 0
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与社会 透过对待宠物的方式看人品 8 7 1 3 1
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与社会 从捉迷藏中 了解儿童心理 7 7 4 2 0
考 情 分 析 1.选材:选材广泛,体现时代气息,语言地道,涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,启迪性强。 2.热点:凸显以文化人的价值导向作用,例如,2023年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空选取一名越野赛跑运动员在比赛中将受伤的运动员背至终点就医的语篇,旨在引导学生关注体育与身心健康,提高运动意识,在体育锻炼中锤炼意志,涵养体育精神。 3.考查方式:考查仍以实词为主,突出考查考生的连贯性思维能力和对语境的理解能力。 4.变化: (1)篇幅相对稳定,但语篇信息含量减少,信息综合幅度减小,试题的整体难度下降; (2)段内段间都有明确的逻辑线,条理清晰、紧凑,选项词语辨识度低。
第一讲 速读文章,整体把握
高考英语完形填空题是一种立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它全面地测试了考生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。
它要求考生能够领悟一篇残缺的文章的语篇大意并选词填空,使文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
完形填空失分,在很大程度上不是语言能力不足所致,而是由于没有真正读懂文章,文意理解偏离主题,因此要快速准确把握文章大意。
读文章首先要克服一个错误心态——必须厘清弄明每个单词和细节。对于一篇挖出15个空格的短文,再加上考场时间的紧迫性,要完成这样的细读任务几乎是不可能的。初读文章只要明白了大意(who,when,where,what),掌握了梗概,总体把握了文章内容、结构、时态和语态变化、情节的展开、结果的形成,就达到了目的,完成了任务。
那么具体应该怎样读完形填空呢 下面以2023年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空真题为例来分析:
[典例]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On October 11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did.Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn’t.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there,Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey,she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 .“She was just crying.I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ,they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race,but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
( )41.A.designed B.followed
C.changed D.finished
( )42.A.delay B.chance
C.trouble D.excuse
( )43.A.judge B.volunteer
C.classmate D.competitor
( )44.A.race B.school
C.town D.training
( )45.A.agreed B.returned
C.stopped D.promised
( )46.A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
( )47.A.went away B.stood up
C.stepped aside D.bent down
( )48.A.medical B.public
C.constant D.equal
( )49.A.interrupted B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
( )50.A.hunger B.pain
C.cold D.tiredness
( )51.A.worried B.ashamed
C.confused D.discouraged
( )52.A.game B.problem
C.lesson D.deal
( )53.A.leave B.cure
C.bother D.understand
( )54.A.ride B.test
C.meet D.show
( )55.A.secret B.display
C.benefit D.exchange
一、抓住首句,探寻大意
首句完整,线索清楚。一般来说,完形填空文章首句不设空,这是为了给考生提供清晰完整的背景信息。记叙文一般在文章的第一句交代人物的身份、事件发生的时间、地点等,然后再介绍事件的发展过程和结果。要充分利用首句,获取更多信息。从本篇文章的第一句“On October 11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.”中我们可以得到以下信息:
who—hundreds of runners
when—On October 11
what—a cross-country race
where—in Minnesota
由上可知,本文讲的是跑步者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛的故事。
二、速读全文,整体感知
答题前,应先越过设空处,通览全文,把握人物关系、情绪变化和故事情节。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空是对考生的英语能力要求较高的一个题型。只有在此基础上才能掌握文章的主旨要义,厘清上下文逻辑关系,对文章的细节和主旨进行有效推理判断,理解作者的观点和写作意图。
快速浏览全文后,可知本篇完形的主要人物为Melanie Bailey和另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue。文章讲述了Melanie Bailey背着Danielle Lenoue过终点线并帮她接受医疗检查。只有理顺了故事发展的脉络,才能选出正确答案。
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ,they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race,but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
通读全文后,我们知道虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前彼此是陌生人,但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛,但展示出的人类的善良赢得了胜利。故54题选C,55题选B。
综合运用演练
(2023·山东泰安高三模拟)
If you’ve never experienced the embarrassment of having your card declined at a grocery store checkout,consider yourself very lucky.
Jason Boudreaux was not so 1 during a recent trip to Cade’s Market.Jason,a former 2 who now works as a sales manager,had just deposited(储存) his paycheck an hour before he 3 at the store to pick up some seafood.
4 with depositing checks,Jason didn’t realise that the funds wouldn’t be available right away.Just before it was his 5 at the register,he’d been 6 with the man behind him.When his card got declined for the $30 purchase,the man he talked with paid for him.
Jason 7 a photo of him and the man on a social networking website, 8 by the touching words,“This gentleman said ‘I got you.’ I said ‘No,you don’t have to.’ He 9 ,‘No problem.I got you.’”
Jason was so excited about the man’s 10 that he didn’t manage to catch his hero’s 11 .Jason’s post continued,“This guy just 12 for a complete stranger.He should be 13 .”
Jason said he was fully 14 to put on his detective hat and spend time tracking the man down,but with a friend’s help,he found the man 15 .The man is Kevin Jones,a father-of-three who drives a truck for a living.Now,they’re friends who feel as close as family.
( )1.A.proud B.confident
C.fortunate D.happy
( )2.A.manager B.salesman
C.detective D.headmaster
( )3.A.rested B.ate
C.disappeared D.stopped
( )4.A.Impatient B.Unfamiliar
C.Careful D.Strict
( )5.A.turn B.attempt
C.chance D.effort
( )6.A.competing B.comparing
C.meeting D.chatting
( )7.A.found B.posted
C.selected D.developed
( )8.A.accompanied B.clarified
C.confirmed D.simplified
( )9.A.predicted B.interrupted
C.responded D.complained
( )10.A.courage B.kindness
C.honesty D.honor
( )11.A.job B.face
C.age D.name
( )12.A.stepped forward B.backed off
C.moved on D.set out
( )13.A.trusted B.helped
C.recognised D.invited
( )14.A.satisfied B.prepared
C.careful D.curious
( )15.A.seriously B.secretly
C.randomly D.quickly
语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我 话题——善行义举 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了Jason Boudreaux在食品杂货店遭遇无法支付的尴尬,一位陌生男士挺身而出帮他付了钱。他很感激,将照片和信息发布到社交网站上,并在朋友的帮助下很快找到了好心人。
[语篇脉络]
答案及剖析:
1.C 与前文“lucky”相呼应,这里应是同义词“fortunate”,用在句中表达“Jason Boudreaux同样遭遇了尴尬,即没有那么幸运”。故选C。
2.C 根据后文“put on his detective hat and spend time tracking the man down”可知,他之前是一名侦探(detective)。故选C。
3.D Jason以前是一名侦探,现在是一名销售经理,他刚存入他的薪水,一个小时后他就在商店停下来(stopped)买了一些海鲜。 “stop at+某地”,固定短语,意为“停在某处”。故选D。
4.B 根据后文“Jason didn’t realise that the funds wouldn’t be available right away”可知,他对存款不熟悉(Unfamiliar)。故选B。
5.A 就在他在收银台前结账之前,他一直在和他后面的人聊天。 分析可知,“it is/was one’s turn (to do)”意为“轮到某人……”。故选A。
6.D 与后文“talked with”相呼应,这里应是“chatting”。故选D。
7.B 根据后文“on a social networking website(在社交网站上)”可知,他将自己和这位男士的照片发布到(posted)社交网站上。故选B。
8.A 分析可知,“the touching words”是与照片一起发布出来的。accompanied 意为“连同,配上”。故选A。
9.C 后文“No problem.I got you.”是这位男士当时的回答(responded)。故选C。
10.B 根据前文“the man he talked with paid for him”可知,这位男士主动帮助了Jason,Jason为他的善良(kindness)而感动。故选B。
11.D 根据后文“This guy”可知,Jason还不知道这位男士的名字(name)。故选D。
12.A 根据前文“the man he talked with paid for him”可知,这位男士主动帮助Jason,为了一个陌生人走上前来(stepped forward)帮忙付钱。back off “后退”;move on“继续前进”;set out“出发”,故选A。
13.C 根据前文“This guy just 12 for a complete stranger.”可知,Jason认为这位男士为陌生人“挺身而出”的善良行为值得大家的认可(recognised)。故选C。
14.B Jason说,他已经做好了充分的准备,戴上侦探帽,花时间找到这名男士,而在朋友的帮助下,他很快找到了这名男士。 分析可知,“be fully prepared to do...”为固定短语,意为“做好充分的准备做某事”。故选B。
15.D 根据前文“spend time tracking the man down”可知,Jason都准备花费些时间找这个人了,而在朋友的帮助下,没有花费很多时间,很快(quickly)找到了他。故选D。
[疑难词汇解读]
1.embarrassment n.尴尬
2.decline vt.拒绝
3.paycheck n.工资支票,薪水
4.purchase n.购买,采购
5.track down 追踪
