2024届高考英语考前最后一课学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语考前最后一课学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-12 18:12:14 | ||
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目录
考前技能篇
【考前技能篇1】听力理解的解题技巧……P2
【考前技能篇2】阅读理解的解题技巧….P26
【考前技能篇3】完形填空的解题技巧….P59
【考前技能篇4】语法填空的解题技巧...P68
【考前技能篇5】七选五试题解题技巧….P88
【考前技能篇6】 短文改错的解题技巧.P112
【考前技能篇7】 应用文写作解题技巧.P122
【考前技能篇8】读后续写的解题技巧.P135
知识梳理篇
【知识梳理1】2014-2023高考已考过的词形转换79例.............................................P147
【知识梳理2】2024年高考可能考的名词词形转换109例…………………………………P150
【知识梳理3】2024年高考可能考的形容词词形转换70例………………………………P152
【知识梳理4】2024年高考可能考的阅读高频词120例………………………………….P154
【知识梳理5】2024年高考可能考的熟词生义100词……………………………………P156
【知识梳理6】2024年高考熟词生义18例…………………………………………….P165
【知识梳理7】2023年高考熟词生义33例……………………………………………..P168
【知识梳理8】2022年高考熟词生义25例……………………………………………….P172
【知识梳理9】2021年高考熟词生义29例………………….……………………….P176
【知识梳理10】2020年高考熟词生义20例……………………….…………………….P180
【知识梳理11】2018-2023高考派生词合成词108例…………….………………………P182
临考心理篇
【临考心理篇1】冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备考...............................P192
【临考心理篇2】高考倒计时即将清零，要有怎样的心理准备…………………………..P195
考场注意篇
【考场注意篇】做好万全准备，决胜考场.............................................P196
考后疏导篇
【考后疏导篇1】七种方法舒缓高考后心理压力............................................P200
【考后疏导篇2】高考结束适当娱乐可以放松不可放纵............................................P206
终极押题篇
【终极押题】2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（新课标卷）…P210
易错梳理篇
【考前技能篇1】听力理解的解题技巧
高中英语听力测试部分在整套试题中占有重要地位。它要求大家从头到尾按顺序往下听，在有限的时间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的余地。因此大家学习一些应试技巧和解题的基本方法是很有必要的。
一、听力应试策略
听前：略读题目，切入话题，划出重点，预测内容（确定人物身份）
听中：捕捉信息，速记要点，有的放矢，去伪存真（短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H）【when，where，what/which，who，why，how】
听后：连贯记忆，前后联系，综合考虑，一锤定音。
二、快速记录能力
心记：这种能力对于解决听力第1节的问题非常适用。笔记：
1)运用速记符号例如：↑up↓down ←left →right =equal
2)发明并运用字母的缩写形式Ex—expensive lg—large eq—earthquake
三、听力预测技巧
1.对话预测：在听取对话，尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation时，考生可以按照下例wh-问题进行预测：
Who are the two speakers
What is the possible Relationships between them
When did they have the conversation
Where did the conversation take place
Why do they have the conversation
What did they plan to do
2.语篇预测：了解讲话者已提供和未提供的信息
What facts did the speaker offer
What facts did the speaker fail to offer
依靠开篇句预测：英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题，所以大家要善于抓住听力材料的首句信息。例如：Americans have a popular saying“Time is money。”
从这一句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围：
1)这是一篇关于时间的话题。
2)涉及对象是美国人。
四、听力高分应试策略
[题材特点] 听力材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。
[考查热点]
1.语境判断：对话者身份、所处地点、情绪、天气状况等。
2.数字推算：电话号码、出生日期、金钱数字、路程距离、时间长短等。
3.行为预测：对话者谈话的主题，以及将要去干什么。
4,细节推断：事情发生的时间、地点、原因、经过、结果等。
5.对话涉及话题：计划打算、工作学习、购物、旅游、看病、生日、体育、求助等
1.领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：
What’s the passage mainly about
What’s the topic of the passage
What are the two speakers doing
What are the two speakers talking about
What is the dialogue/conversation about
2.捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：
Where is the woman going
How does the man pay for the tickets
What’s wrong with the girl
When does the woman plan to arrive
What’s the man’s house number
How many hours does Tom sleep a day
Why does the man thank the woman
Which of the following is true
3.推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：
Where does this conversation take place
Where is the woman speaking
Where did the conversation most likely happen
When does the dialogue take place
Who do you think the woman probably is
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
4.领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers
What can we know /learn about the woman
What does the man mean
What does the speakers want to tell us
What is the probable result of the conversation
五、常见高考听力考点归纳和总结
1.数字
许多听力材料中涉及数字，例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等，并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分比等形式出现，这就要求大家辨别各种形式的数字，还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如：
减价：20%off，special offer，special price，25% discount，sale
原价：regular price，normal price
增长：10% increase in 1/3 climb in
下降：23% fall in 5.5% decrease in
提示1：如对电话号码、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等，大家可采取听写记录所需数字。
提示2：对判断类数字题需要在听到的两个或两个以上数字中判断符合题意的数字。
提示3：对推断类数字题则通常涉及到简单的数学四则运算，需稍加计算，才能得出正确答案。
2.地点
地点型试题主要考查地点，该项内容的考查多为以where开头的特殊疑问句，如：Where does the conversation most probably take place (这段对话最可能发生在什么场合 )解这类试题时，我们需要有一些积累和推断。
提示1：熟悉、积累常用地名，如国家、首都、大城市、著名的标志性建筑以及山川河流的名称等
提示2：熟悉、积累与各个地点场所有关的单词、短语、句型和场景。
3.推断
推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点，还常考查学生对人物身份、关系，人物态度、情感以及事件原因的推断。一般来说，此类题通常出现在短对话中。
提示1：平时熟悉、积累不同人物身份及人物关系所对应的单词、短语、句型和场景，测试时根据对话内容所提供的称呼语、关键词，结合生活常识进行判断。
提示2：熟悉、积累不同语音语调所表达的不同意思，以及特定单词、短语和句型所表达的隐含信息，进行准确判断。
提示3：认真听清事件发生的全部过程及前因后果，去粗取精，去伪存真，才能找出事件发生的真正原因。
六、听力题型应试对策
1.场景型问题
解题技巧：分析选项目, 预测可能出现的词汇,短语,句子.
仔细辨认对话中的语境相关词,特别是场景词汇及习惯用语.
2.人物关系及身份题
解题技巧：仔细辨认对话中的职业相关词,抓住其相关的关键词进行答题。
在听人物之间关系的题目时，说话人之间的语气尤其重要，如果是上司跟下属之间的关系，语气一般较强硬，有命令的意味；而如果是夫妻之间，则语气较为甜蜜，随意；朋友之间较亲切；服务员对顾客一般较尊敬。
关键词 人际关系
dear, darling, sweetheart, my love, cook, TV, dinner husband and wife
size, color, try on, discount, Can I help you assistant and customer
trouble, check, pain, fever, prescription, dentist doctor and patient
professor, subject, homework, questions, major(专业), hand in, teacher and student
3.数字型问题
解题技巧：数字、时间类题可分为直接信息型和间接信息型两种。
对于直接信息型的题，答案在录音中直接给出, 大家可以很容易地选出;
而间接信息型的题是录音中出现至少两个数字/时间, 需要听清这些数字/时间, 并搞清楚它们之间的关系, 有时需要用简单的加减乘除运算来确定答案。
要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等。
无论是哪种计算，其特点是计算都较简单，一般不会超出口算和心算的范围。在做题的过程当中,最好做简要的笔记。这类题的特点是学生听到什么就选什么往往会错。
4. 推理判断题
解题技巧：该题型在高考听力试题中所占比例较大。判断原因有时很容易, 往往在录音中有 because, because of, for, as, since, now that, due to, owing to, that’s why ... 等暗示信息。而有时要通过上下文来进行逻辑推理。做这类题时要把握好关键词、句, 审好题干, 做好听前预测, 边听边记录。
1．捕捉“弦外之音“，如降调表示赞同肯定；升调表示怀疑、惊讶或否定。
2．侧重but词后的信息，这些词后的信息往往比较重要。
3．注意一些语法结构的运用，如虚拟语气表示与事实相反；否定比较级结构表示最高级；
I wish I could be in 2 places at once.
It couldn’t be better.
I couldn’t agree more.
You can never/not be too careful
I have never seen a better film.
听力中要特别注意but 后的内容。因为but前的往往是婉转的客套话，而后面的才是真正的心里话，在口语表达中更常见的还有以下几个连接标志：to be honest, to tell the truth, in fact, as a matter of fact,actually等
I’d like…, but…
I was planning to…, but…
I’m sorry to hear that, but…
That’s great, but…
5.观点态度题
说话者的意图、观点或态度也和具体语言环境有关，只有结合具体语境进行归纳或推理，才能理解说话者真正的意图、观点或态度。
解题技巧：注意对话中肯定与否定回答.
肯定回答: Yes/Absolutely/ I agree with you… ;
否定回答: I’m sorry, I’m busy now，I’m afraid I can’t……
常见语气词:well—委婉否定
6.主旨大意题
这类题不仅要求大家能够听懂对话或独白, 而且要求具有较高的概括能力。
七、听力场景词汇总结
高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的，有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思，还要知道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的，掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式，也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的关键。
1.餐馆场景
order点菜；serve上菜；change零钱；Keep the change!不用找零钱了！tip小费；treat请客(This is my treat!我请客!)；go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) ；steak牛排；cheese奶酪；sandwich三明治；bacon腌肉；soup汤；plain water自来水(西餐中洗手用的)；dessert甜品，水果(作为正餐的最后一道)；go out for dinner / dinner out出去吃饭；snack bar小吃街，大排挡；hamburger汉堡包；coke可口可乐；French fries炸薯条；dining hall食堂；coffee shop咖啡店；restaurant餐馆；cafeteria自助餐厅或食堂；canteen食堂.
2. 邮局场景
stamp envelope package /parcel包裹；overweight超重；extra postage额外邮资；send / post / deliver a letter /mail寄/发信；express mail快件；airmail航空信件；surface mail陆地邮寄；open an account开一个账户。
3.图书馆场景
library card；borrow；lend；keep；renew续借；bookshelf；novel；science fiction科幻小说；magazine；periodical期刊；reference book；librarian图书管理员；pay a fine交罚款；Can I help you / What can I do for you
4.医院及健康场景
aspirin 阿司匹林；regular doctor私人医生；emergence department急诊室；ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房；treatment治疗手段；take one’s temperature / blood pressure测量体温/血压；medicine/pills /tablets药丸/药片；heart attack心脏病；cold / flu流感；have/ catch a cold；pain；headache；stomach-ache；backache；sore-throat喉咙痛；cough; fever；What’s up (多用于男生之间)How is it going How are you 回答：I’m fine. / I feel good/ terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me.好。I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. /I am not myself these days.不好。(注意听语气：身体好的时候，语调上扬，语气非常欢快；身体不好的时候，降调，语气非常郁闷。)
5.电话场景
operator接线员；Extension six two two six, please.请转 6226。The line is bad / busy / engaged. It kept a busy line.电话占线。long distance call长途电话；collect call对方付费的电话；put through接通电话；hold on / up；Hold the line, please. Hello! This is... speaking. Who’s speaking / who is this call / telephone / ring / phone sb.；give sb. a call / ring；I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again. I couldn’t get through. Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
6. 酒店场景
make a reservation预订房间；reception desk接待处；check in人住；check out结账；single room单间；suite 套间；Do you have a reservation, Sir Have you got any vacant room (=Is there any room available here )有空房间吗？All the room are occupied.房间已满。Can I have a suite please How much do you charge for that Smoking or no smoking Meals included.包括饮食。Can I show you your room / Can I carry your luggage
7.超速场景
speeding；May I see your license, please You will be fined by $20.
8. 购物场景
store杂货店；department store百货商场；shopping center购物中心；
商品信息：size；color；style；price；What color/size/kind do you want 商品论贵贱：expensive, cheap；价格论高低：high, low；bargain便宜货；popular /fashionable流行的；in fashion流行，时尚；out of fashion过时的；brand品牌；counter柜台；pay in cash用现金支付；pay in check用支票支付；credit card 信用卡；shop assistant 商店营业员；out of stock脱销/缺货；in stock有货。
9. 天气场景
cloudy阴天；overcast多云；thunder打雷；strong/high wind大风；tornado龙卷风；typhoon台风；storm风暴；blizzard暴风雨；It rains cats and dogs. (=The rain is pouring.) 下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨；shower阵雨；clear up天空放晴；put away clothes下雨收衣服；weather in London / Seattle意指不好的天气；weather in California意指好天气；经常和天气相联系的情况：vacation和flight (航班)(be delayed/cancelled by the bad weather)
10. 机场场景
airport机场；flight航班；Welcome onboard.欢迎登机。bound for...飞往……方向去的；check in办理登机手续；behind schedule晚点；take off起飞；land降落。
11.人物关系
试题中常涉及到的人物关系对话中常涉及的人物关系包括：夫妻(husband-wife)、父子(father- son)、母女(mother -daughter)、师生(teacher-student)、同学(schoolmates/classmates)、同事(colleagues)、老板与秘书(boss - secretary)、雇主与雇员(employer-employee)、医生与病人 (doctor-patient) 、服务员与顾客 (waiter/waitress - customer) 、主人与客人 (host/hostess - guest)、警察与司机(policeman- driver)、管理员与借阅者(1ibrarian- reader)、房东与租房者(1andlord/1andlady-tenant)、接见者；采访者与被接见者，被访问者(interviewer-interviewee) 等。
八、2023年全国新高考I&II卷听力解析
1. 话题概述：
2023年高考英语新高考I、II卷中听力部分选材多样化，话题贴近日常生活，包括周末计划、结账、与朋友相约见面、上大学的感受等。选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题语境。本次听力考试突出显示英语的人际交往功能（包括陌生人之间、朋友之间、店主和顾客之间以及采访者和被采访者之间），实用性强，能够培养学生在人际交往中熟练地使用英语沟通的能力。
2. 亮点呈现：
Text 2向陌生人求助帮忙看包，显示了陌生人之间的信任关系；
Text 8意外获得姐姐（妹妹）的一本旧书，对话安排巧妙且有曲折，显现了浓厚的亲情关系；
Text 9采访一名学生的上学感受，贴近学生生活、关注学生情感；
Text 10推销一本生活杂志，提醒人们享受美好生活。
3. 设题规律：
本套题有10个事实细节题；8个推理判断题；1个主旨大意题；1个观点态度题。
疑问词分布相对均衡：12个what，1个when，3个why，2个where，1个how，1个who。
设题方面：题干设置灵活度高，且有难度。选项设置简短，干扰性强，更加注重考查学生对信息的推理、转换以及快速反应能力。
4. 播音特点
主播：英美组合，同2023年1月浙江卷/山东卷和2022年11月二级卷。
语速：约130词/分。原文单词量：860左右。
注意变化：第二节的结构是2-2-4-4-3，此前高考真题中从未出现过。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Jack probably do this weekend
A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film.
Text 1 【周末计划】词数:33
W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.
W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.
M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.
1. C。【解析】事实细节题。Jack说如果这周末天气晴朗，他和朋友就去露营。女士说天气预报说要下雨。根据Jack的话“In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.”可知，Jack这周末可能要去看电影。故选C。
背景知识 It depends. 视情况而定
2. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Take care of her bags. B. Pack the food for her. C. Check the train schedule.
Text 2 【求助】 词数:36
W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.
2. A。【解析】事实细节题。考查同义转换。根据女士的话“Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment ”可知，女士请求男士帮她看一下行李。故选A。原文中的mind转换成了take care of。
背景知识 mind 照看；留心（某人/某事物） convenience store 便利店
3. When will the man see Bob
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
Text 3 【计划与安排】 词数:37
W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
3. B。【解析】事实细节题。女士说Bob出院了，问男士去看望Bob了没。男士说他打算这周六去。女士问男士这周六不是要开会吗，男士说会议已经改到下周一。由此可知，男士这周六将去看望Bob。故选B。
背景知识 reschedule 重新安排
4. Why does the man apologize
A. For the terrible food. B. For the overcharge. C. For the waiter’s rudeness.
Text 4 【因算错账退顾客钱】词数:37
M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
4. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.”可知，服务员在结账时犯了一个严重的错误，所以男士把10美元还给女士。由此可以推断出，服务员多收了女士10美元，所以向她道歉。故选B。
背景知识 make a mistake (in) doing sth. 在做某事时犯错误 add up the bill 算账
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing a book. B. Holding a celebration. C. Buying a present.
Text 5 【新年礼物】词数:31
W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the New Year
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
5. C。【解析】主旨大意题。对话开头女士问男士是否应该给Steve买本书作为新年礼物。男士说书很好，但Steve不会接受随便的书。结合整个对话可知，说话者主要围绕给Steve买新年礼物这个话题展开对话的。故选C。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Sara make the phone call
A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange an outing. C. To cancel an appointment.
7. What does David want to do
A. Go to a dinner party. B. Talk to Sara in person. C. Work on the new case.
Text 6 【相约见面】词数:88
M: Hello, Sarah.
W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. (6) Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened
W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I’ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sarah, please. We need to talk. (7) It’s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone. (7)
M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. (7) How about tomorrow night
W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
6. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Sara的话“Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.”可知，她打电话告诉David今晚不能和他共进晚餐了。接着她说明了自己无法赴约的原因。由此可推断出，Sara打电话来是为了取消约会。故选C。
7. B。【解析】事实细节题。根据David的话“We need to talk. It’s about my job.”及Sara的话“Then tell me on the phone.”可知，David想找Sara谈谈他的工作，Sara建议在电话里说。结合David的话“No, it’s better if we do it in person.”可知，他想找Sara当面谈。故选B。
背景知识 in person 亲自 give sb. a call 给某人打电话
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where is Jim now
A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion
A. Going to the city center. B. Taking a short cut home. C. Meeting Jim in the park.
Text 7 【有客人拜访，着急赶回家】词数:99
W: Jeff will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes. (8)
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. (9) We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.(9)
M: Are you sure
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
8. A。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.”可知，Jim发来两条信息告诉男士说他已完成了工作、打上了出租车，还说他大约20分钟后到。由此可推断出，Jim现在在出租车上。故选A。
9. B。 【解析】推理判断题。根据女士的话“Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.”可知，她建议下车步行穿过公园回家，这样可以节省至少20分钟。由此可推断出，女士建议抄近路回家。故选B。
背景知识 call on 拜访；看望 be done with sth. 完成某事 a hundred percent 完全；百分之百
听第8段材料, 回答第10至13题。
10. What did Clara do at the weekend
A. She planted vegetables. B. She went to a yard sale. C. She visited her grandpa.
11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought
A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card.
12. Where does Mark live
A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia.
13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley
A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
Text 8 【意外获得姐姐的一本旧书】词数:176
W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s.(10) He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012.(11) The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister.(13) In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago.(12) Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
10. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Clara的话“I went to my grandpa’s.”可知，她去了祖父家。故选项C。选项A很具有干扰性，注意录音中是pick vegetables（采摘蔬菜），而不是planted vegetables（种植蔬菜）。
11. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012.”可知，当他快速翻阅那本小说时，一张纸从里面掉出来了，那是一张2012年的机票。故选A。
12. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Mark的话“I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.”可知，他询问书商从哪里得到这本书的，书商说是从洛杉矶的二手书店买的。去年他们一家从洛杉矶搬到了费城。由此可推断出，Mark是在费城买到的这本书，他居住在费城。故选C。
点拨：此题有一定的难度，因为录音中没有直接表明Mark的居住地，而是通过书商的所在地来推测出来Mark的居住地的。此段出现了3个地名，学生在听录音时，需做好笔记，整体理解这段话，方可得出答案。
13. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“Ashley, my sister.”可知，他与Ashley是姐弟（兄妹）关系。故选A。
背景知识 drop by 偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问 yard sale 庭院拍卖 poetry collection 诗集 leaf through 迅速翻阅 second-hand 二手的
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. What is probably the woman
A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete.
15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team
A. Adapting himself to the intense training.
B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C. Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16. What does Victor say about the players on the team
A. They are of the same age.
B. They are similar in character.
C. They are from different countries.
17. How does Victor feel about his team now
A. It’s about to break up. B. It’s the best in Indiana. C. It’s getting stronger.
Text 9 【在印第安纳州上大学的感受】词数:166单词
W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indiana basketball player (15)
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day.(15) It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.(16) But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team. (17)
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
14. B。【解析】推理判断题。考查职业身份。女士以Victor在印第安纳州上大学的感受为提问的开始，接下来她又问了Victor作为篮球运动员的一些事项，最后她向Victor表达感谢和祝愿。由此可推断出，女士可能是一名记者。故选B。
15. 【解析】事实细节题。女士问Victor作为一名印第安纳州的篮球运动员有什么困难。根据Victor的回答“Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day... I’m just trying to get used to it.”可知，每天高强度的训练让他难以适应。故选A。
16. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Victor的话“I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.”可知，篮球队的成员来自不同的国家。故选C。
17. C。【解析】观点态度题。根据Victor的话“You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.”可知，他认为球员之间开始亲近、逐渐增强信任关系，他们的团队每天都在成长。故选C。
背景知识 meet deadlines 在规定的时间内完成任务或达到目标 weightlifting 举重 fit into 适应 get along with 与……和睦相处 bond 增强（与某人的）信任关系 fruitful 硕果累累的；成功的
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Who is Tom Hokinson
A. Founder of a magazine. B. Publisher of a novel. C. Editor of a newspaper.
19. What do we know about the content of The Idler
A. It’s old-fashioned. B. It’s wide-ranging. C. It’s student-targeted.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk
A. To do a promotion. B. To discuss an issue. C. To introduce a lecturer.
Text 10 【鼓励订阅杂志《闲人》】词数:160
W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities Do you want to live a full and happy life Today, I’m going to introduce you to a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993.(18) With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography.(19) You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free. (20)
18. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据“The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson, back in 1993.”可知，The Idler是一本杂志，由Tom Hokinson发起。故Tom Hokinson是杂志的创始人。故选A。
19. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据“In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping.”可知，每一期杂志都包含了有关生活、历史、哲学、艺术和时尚摄影等内容。你会发现很多有趣的东西，也会发现很多有用的东西，从制作培根的食谱到家政指南。由此可推断出，这本杂志的内容取材广泛。故选B。
20. A。【解析】推理判断题。说话者先介绍了杂志The Idler的创始人、创办时间和内容，最后推荐大家下载申请表、订阅杂志。故推断，说话者是为了推销这本杂志。故选A。
背景知识 The Ildler《闲人》 intention 目的 bimonthly 两月一次；一月两次 issue （杂志或报刊的）期 mix （事物或人的）混合；结合 read 读物；使人感兴趣的书 subscribe to 订阅
九、2023年全国甲&乙卷英语听力解析
语篇 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
Text 1 购物体验 问路 搭便车下车 问路指引
Text 2 音乐练习 商场购物 通宵赶项目 天气和季节
Text 3 组织聚会 办公室对话 寻找安静谈话地点 周末计划
Text 4 度假计划 旅行的选择 糟心的邻居家的狗 询问某人的近况
Text 5 驱车机场 判断位置 饭店订桌 谈论学生会和社团活动
Text 6 抱歉电话 观看比赛 晚上聚餐安排 对比、挑选公寓
Text 7 离职计划 医生建议 公司搬迁计划 电台采访
Text 8 赛后采访 安慰朋友 艺术家采访 求职面试
Text 9 新租公寓 美国老人的恐惧 平衡打工与学习 作家分享自己读书历程
Text 10 英式足球 母女关系 一个运动员的经历自述 音乐比赛与艺术追求
听力概述与复习备考建议
语 音：美音
词 数： 861
语 速： 138词 / 分
考 点：事实细节13个，推理判断: 3个，主旨要义题 2个，观点和态度题 2个
材料特征：话题具有多样性，文学艺术方面话题涉及的专业词汇较多，人名地名比较复 杂且设了题，增加了难度，话语流畅，贴近真实语境
备考建议：1. 积累同义词，能够在听力中运用同义转述解题
2. 关注熟词新义
3. 积累话题词汇
4. 能够进行简单的推理判断
5. 独白近几年常考体美劳方面内容，要多关注
6. 整体语速138w/m相比去年要快，尤其前五题141-163w/m，比去年101-138w/m要快很多。6-20题相差不大。建议要适应不同语速的材料，前五题要加强练习。
7. 整体难度比去年要难，要重视听力，适应不同主播，不同口音。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the book store. B. In the register office. C. In the dorm building.
Text 1 【问路指引】词数:32;用时:11.8”;语速:163词/分。
W: Could you please tell me how I can get to the student dorm building
M: Sure. Turn left when you walk out of this register office, pass the bookstore and you'll see it.
1.答案是B。事实细节题。依据答语“Turn left when you walk out of this register office”推断对话是在登记处进行的。故选B。
背景知识 register office: 登记处
2. What is the weather like now
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
Text2 【天气和季节】词数:37:用时:14”;语速:159词/分。
M: We couldn't ask for a better day, could we, Barbara
W: I know, Steve. There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year.
M: Me too. The flowers are beautiful but calling for rain though.
2. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据答语“There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year”推断天空没有云层，天气晴朗。故选A。
背景知识 call for: 需要
3. What does the man want to do on the weekend
A. Do some gardening. B. Have a barbecue. C. Go fishing.
Text 3 【周末计划】词数:27;用时:10.9”;语速:149词/分。
M: We got any plans this weekend
W: We might start with our vegetable garden then the barbecue.
M: Sounds fun, but I still want to go fishing with Georg.
3. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据答语“but I still want to go fishing with Georg”推断男士周末想去钓鱼。英语听力对话注意转折之后爱出题。故选C。
背景知识 start with:从……开始 barbecue: n.(户外)烧烤
4. What are the speakers talking about
A. A new office. B. A change of their jobs. C. A former colleague.
Text 4 【询问近况】词数:41;用时:107”;语速:168词/分。
M: Lisa, I saw Jack this morning.
W: You mean the former designer of our company What’s he doing these days
M: He said he's got a new job as an art reporter.
4. 答案是C。主旨大意题。依据内容得知，第一波提及Jack，第二波提及Jack是公司以前的员工，第三波提及Jack最近找到一份新工作，由此推断本对话围绕一名以前同事展开。故选C。
背景知识 an art reporter:一名艺术记者
5. What do we know about Andrew
A. He’s optimistic. B. He’s active. C. He’s shy.
Text 5 【学生会活动】词数:33; 用时:14.4”; 语速:138词/分。
W: Do you often go to the student union, Andrew
M: Pretty much. Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or associations.
5. 答案是B。推理判断题。依据内容得知，依据答语知道Andrew经常去学生会，花费很多时间组织俱乐部活动-，由此推断Andrew非常活跃。故选B。
背景知识 the student union: 学生会
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Which of the following does the woman dislike
A. The bedroom. B. The sitting room. C. The kitchen.
7. What does the woman suggest they do next
A. Go to another agency. B. See some other flats. C. Visit the neighbours.
Text 6 【公寓比选】词数:61;用时:23.7”;语速:154词/分。
W: What do you think, Terry
M: Well, it has one more bedroom than the last flat and the sitting room is big.
W: But there is not enough cupboard space in the kitchen.(6)
M: It's cheaper than the last one we saw and it is in a good neighborhood.
W: Well, maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us. (7)
6. 答案是C。观点态度题。依据第二波对话得知，男士对卧室和客厅满意，但女士认为厨房橱柜空间不够，由此推断她对厨房不满意。故选C。
7. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us.得知女士希望中介再推荐其他单元房。故选B。
背景知识 agent n.(房产)中介
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man doing
A. He’s making a phone call.
B. He’s chairing a meeting.
C. He’s hosting a program.
9. What makes Mrs. Johnson worried about her daughter in Africa
A. Lack of medical support.
B. Inconvenience of communication.
C. Poor transportation system.
Text 7【电台采访】词数:85;用时:38.5”;语速:132词/分。
M: Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you’ve shared with our listeners.（8） Now, please tell us do you sometimes feel worried about your daughter, now that she's grown up
W: Oh I worry about her like all parents do. After she graduated from medical school, she went to volunteer medical service in Africa.
M: Wow.
W: That's okay if communication was fine. But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.（9）
8. 答案是C。主旨要义题。依据Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you’ve shared with our listeners.得知，男士在主持一档访谈节目。故选C。
9. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.得知有时候没有网络或电话信号，甚至两周不通电话。说明通讯不便引起女士担忧。故选B。
背景知识 volunteer medical service:自愿参加医疗服务 go(two weeks)without:(两周)没有……也行
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What position does the man apply for
A. A salesperson. B. An engineer. C. An accountant.
11. Which aspect of the company appeals to the man
A. The company culture. B. The free accommodations. C. The competitive pay.
12. What is difficult for the man to deal with
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Quality-quantity balance. C. Unplanned happenings.
Text 8 【求职面试】词数:149;用时:66.8”;语速:134词/分。
W: Now sell yourself in a minute please.
M: I graduated from university two years ago and have since been working in an accounting company. (10)
W: Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers. I have a large amount of experience working with big data. I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here. (10)
W: Good! Why did you choose this company
M: Peterson has been my dream company all along. You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive. (11)
W: Ah huh. What do you think is your biggest weakness
M: Well, when I work, I often concentrate so much on what I'm doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly. (10) That may be annoying to some people.
W: All right. Thank you very much.
10. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据have since been working in an accounting company.和I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here.得知，男士在申请会计师这个职位。故选C。
11. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive.得知，公司重视进步，关注工作质量，弹性工作时间和在家工作都很吸引求职者。说明男士喜欢公司文化。故选A。
12. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly.得知，男士在处理意外事情方面有些困难。故选C。
背景知识 sell yourself:介绍自己;推销自己 work from home:居家办公
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does Robert sound when speaking of his being a writer
A. Hopeful. B. Grateful. C. Doubtful.
14. What was Robert like before he was 9 years old
A. He had wild imagination. B. He enjoyed sports. C. He loved science.
15. What did Robert’s father do
A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A librarian.
16. What helped Robert become a writer
A. Writing daily. B. Listening to stories. C. Reading extensively.
Text 9 【作家分享自己读书历程】词数:220单词;用时:96.4”;语速:137词/分。
W: So Robert I guess you must be well into your third decade as a writer. How is life treating you
M: Fourth decade as a writer. Hmm let me get my calculator out. Well, I guess I have been writing novels since the 1980s. So you're right. But I have been writing all of my life. And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently. (13)
W: Can I ask you about your childhood Were you a bookish child
M: In a strange way, I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn. (14) My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry. (15) And he was a big reader. He would bring books. back from his high school library. One day I read the last chapter of a book, the title of which I’ve long since forgotten. I liked it so much that I started reading the remainder. Interestingly, I read the chapters backwards until I got to the beginning. I really loved the experience and I soon became an eager reader. Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction. (16) I must add that I started reading the books from the start as opposed to working backwards.
13. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently.得知，男士在对于自己走上写作之路满是感激心情。故选B。
14. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn.得知，男士9岁前很少读书，倒是喜欢体育运动。故选B。
15. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry.得知，男士父亲是名教师。故选A。
16. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction.得知，男士把父亲带回来的小说细数阅读，最后成就一位作家。故选C。
背景知识 How is life treating you 生活待你如何 a bookish child:书呆子 a big reader:好读书的人
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where was Open Tchaikovsky Competition held in 1986
A. In Moscow. B. In Chelyabinsk. C. In Berlin.
18. What does Maxim say about the competition he attended at 10
A. It inspired many young musicians.
B. It was the music event of his dreams.
C. It was a life-changing experience.
19. Which kind of music are the young players required to play
A. Rock music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music.
20. What does Maxim value most in young players’ performance
A. Expressiveness. B. Smoothness. C. Completeness.
Text 10 【音乐比赛与艺术追求】词数:189;用时:878;词速:129词/分
M: Hello, I'm Maxim Vengarov and I'm very happy to share with you my connection with open Tchaikovsky competition. It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk. (17) This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world music festival in Berlin. And it was interesting to say that a kid made his breakthrough already at the age of ten. (18) And that was me. Now as a judge of the competition, I can see clearly the huge challenges facing the musicians in the competition. Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works and Russian traditional music before coming to the final stage (19) As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings. (20) So, what I’m really looking for in the competition is to meet someone who can touch me musically. I want to see the seed at least the seed of the great tree that can grow. I would go for this violinist. I would go for this musician.
17. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk.得知，该项比赛是在莫斯科进行的。故选A。
18. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world music festival in Berlin.得知，参加莫斯科比赛是作者人生的转折点。故选C。
19. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works得知，比赛要求选手演奏古典音乐作品。故选C。
20. 答案是A。主旨要义题。依据As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings.得知，作为一名音乐家，最看重年轻选手通过演奏表达自己的思想情感。故选A。
背景知识 open Tchaikovsky competition:柴可夫斯基公开赛 Chelyabinsk( 俄罗斯)车里雅宾斯克，位于乌拉尔南坡及外乌拉尔。
【考前技能篇2】阅读理解的解题技巧
一、细节理解型
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
【命题特点】
特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。
21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” （2024浙江1月卷）
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild （2024九省联考卷）
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks （2023新高考I卷）
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop （2023新高考II卷）
【命题规律】 正确选项规律
同义替换 (1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work (2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important变换成of importance (3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项
干扰选项规律
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
【常考类型】
考法一：直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
【真题示例】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A 篇23题)
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【解答思路】
第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词: for the July 10 photography workshop
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”
第三步：比对选项信息。7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A篇23题)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【解答思路】
一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay one week after the due date，
二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Work部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero”，
三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。
【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ ·A篇22题)
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
【解答思路】
第一步，读题干，确定lost property office为定位词。
第二步，用定位词在文中找到Lost property部分，由该部分第二句“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于罗马街车站。
第三步，对比各选项只有B项正确。
【学以致用2】 (2020年全国ⅠI ·A篇21题)
The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover
and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct).
House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct).
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A. 09.30—17.30. B. 10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D. 12.00—16.30.
第一步，读题干，确定由题干中的Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens可定位到第一个景点。
第二步，用定位词在文中找到由Open部分中House的开放信息House:11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). 可知，3月到9月期间，House在周日到周四的开放时间为11.15—16.00。
第三步，对比各选项7月在这个时间段内，故选C。
考法二：间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·B篇24题)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant.
D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
【解答思路】
第一步: 扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:What, know about, Abby Jaramillo
第二步: 根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. initiator和started是同义替换。
第三步: 根据关键词和定位信息可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。(间接信息题)
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·全国甲·B篇24题)
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
一读题干，锁定关键词，即How，get the nut；
二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”和“...the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to choose from. Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。
三定答案。根据同义替换，故选B。
【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·D篇33题)
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer
A. To detect plants’ lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
一读题干，锁定关键词，function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer。
二扫原文，锁定信息区间，由第二句 “These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they‘re short of water”可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。lack of water与be short of water同义。
三定答案。同义替换。lack of water与be short of water同义。故选A项，
考法三：数计算题题
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。
此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工,但此类试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力,故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·A篇22题)
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50.
【解答思路】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:How much, pay for, renting a bike, with hand brake and three gears, two days
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Prices...(表格)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第三段的表格中的中间一列,第一行含有题干中的hand brake和three gears,再联系第四行和第五行,一天是14.75欧元,再加一天是8欧元,所以是14.75+8= 22.75欧元。故选C。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·全国乙·A篇22题)
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.
一读题干寻找关键词a couple with two children under 12，
二在Admission部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free，
三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
【学以致用2】(2023·浙江1月卷·A篇23题)
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
一读题干寻找关键词。How many hours of class，altogether，register for a single week。
二依据原文信息加工。根据“ Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。
三合理计算定答案。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
二、猜测词义题
【命题特点】
猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to （2024浙江1月卷）
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean （2024九省联考卷）
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean （2023新高考I卷）
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean （2023新高考II卷）
【命题规律】
考法一：利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
【真题示例1】（2022 全国乙卷 C篇29题）
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。故选C。
考法二：利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
【真题示例2】（2016 全国II卷 B篇27题）
原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
解析：downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
考法三：利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。
【真题示例3】（2019 全国II卷 B篇25题）
原文：I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
【解析】由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal to feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。
考法四：利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。
【真题示例4】（2020 新高考卷Ⅰ D篇33题）
原文：According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。
考法五：利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
【真题示例5】（2022 新高考II卷，B篇24题）
原文：We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
考法六：利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。
【真题示例6】（2015 四川卷 D篇44题）
原文：And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.
44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A项。
考法七：利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
【真题示例7】（2020 江苏卷 C篇61题）
原文：For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
解析：此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
考法八：利用就近原则判指代
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。
【真题示例8】（2022·新高考II卷·C篇30题）
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】（2023 新高考I卷 C篇29题）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【学以致用2】（2023 新高考II卷 C篇30题）
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
30.
考前技能篇
【考前技能篇1】听力理解的解题技巧……P2
【考前技能篇2】阅读理解的解题技巧….P26
【考前技能篇3】完形填空的解题技巧….P59
【考前技能篇4】语法填空的解题技巧...P68
【考前技能篇5】七选五试题解题技巧….P88
【考前技能篇6】 短文改错的解题技巧.P112
【考前技能篇7】 应用文写作解题技巧.P122
【考前技能篇8】读后续写的解题技巧.P135
知识梳理篇
【知识梳理1】2014-2023高考已考过的词形转换79例.............................................P147
【知识梳理2】2024年高考可能考的名词词形转换109例…………………………………P150
【知识梳理3】2024年高考可能考的形容词词形转换70例………………………………P152
【知识梳理4】2024年高考可能考的阅读高频词120例………………………………….P154
【知识梳理5】2024年高考可能考的熟词生义100词……………………………………P156
【知识梳理6】2024年高考熟词生义18例…………………………………………….P165
【知识梳理7】2023年高考熟词生义33例……………………………………………..P168
【知识梳理8】2022年高考熟词生义25例……………………………………………….P172
【知识梳理9】2021年高考熟词生义29例………………….……………………….P176
【知识梳理10】2020年高考熟词生义20例……………………….…………………….P180
【知识梳理11】2018-2023高考派生词合成词108例…………….………………………P182
临考心理篇
【临考心理篇1】冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备考...............................P192
【临考心理篇2】高考倒计时即将清零，要有怎样的心理准备…………………………..P195
考场注意篇
【考场注意篇】做好万全准备，决胜考场.............................................P196
考后疏导篇
【考后疏导篇1】七种方法舒缓高考后心理压力............................................P200
【考后疏导篇2】高考结束适当娱乐可以放松不可放纵............................................P206
终极押题篇
【终极押题】2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（新课标卷）…P210
易错梳理篇
【考前技能篇1】听力理解的解题技巧
高中英语听力测试部分在整套试题中占有重要地位。它要求大家从头到尾按顺序往下听，在有限的时间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的余地。因此大家学习一些应试技巧和解题的基本方法是很有必要的。
一、听力应试策略
听前：略读题目，切入话题，划出重点，预测内容（确定人物身份）
听中：捕捉信息，速记要点，有的放矢，去伪存真（短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H）【when，where，what/which，who，why，how】
听后：连贯记忆，前后联系，综合考虑，一锤定音。
二、快速记录能力
心记：这种能力对于解决听力第1节的问题非常适用。笔记：
1)运用速记符号例如：↑up↓down ←left →right =equal
2)发明并运用字母的缩写形式Ex—expensive lg—large eq—earthquake
三、听力预测技巧
1.对话预测：在听取对话，尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation时，考生可以按照下例wh-问题进行预测：
Who are the two speakers
What is the possible Relationships between them
When did they have the conversation
Where did the conversation take place
Why do they have the conversation
What did they plan to do
2.语篇预测：了解讲话者已提供和未提供的信息
What facts did the speaker offer
What facts did the speaker fail to offer
依靠开篇句预测：英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题，所以大家要善于抓住听力材料的首句信息。例如：Americans have a popular saying“Time is money。”
从这一句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围：
1)这是一篇关于时间的话题。
2)涉及对象是美国人。
四、听力高分应试策略
[题材特点] 听力材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。
[考查热点]
1.语境判断：对话者身份、所处地点、情绪、天气状况等。
2.数字推算：电话号码、出生日期、金钱数字、路程距离、时间长短等。
3.行为预测：对话者谈话的主题，以及将要去干什么。
4,细节推断：事情发生的时间、地点、原因、经过、结果等。
5.对话涉及话题：计划打算、工作学习、购物、旅游、看病、生日、体育、求助等
1.领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：
What’s the passage mainly about
What’s the topic of the passage
What are the two speakers doing
What are the two speakers talking about
What is the dialogue/conversation about
2.捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：
Where is the woman going
How does the man pay for the tickets
What’s wrong with the girl
When does the woman plan to arrive
What’s the man’s house number
How many hours does Tom sleep a day
Why does the man thank the woman
Which of the following is true
3.推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：
Where does this conversation take place
Where is the woman speaking
Where did the conversation most likely happen
When does the dialogue take place
Who do you think the woman probably is
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
4.领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers
What can we know /learn about the woman
What does the man mean
What does the speakers want to tell us
What is the probable result of the conversation
五、常见高考听力考点归纳和总结
1.数字
许多听力材料中涉及数字，例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等，并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分比等形式出现，这就要求大家辨别各种形式的数字，还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如：
减价：20%off，special offer，special price，25% discount，sale
原价：regular price，normal price
增长：10% increase in 1/3 climb in
下降：23% fall in 5.5% decrease in
提示1：如对电话号码、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等，大家可采取听写记录所需数字。
提示2：对判断类数字题需要在听到的两个或两个以上数字中判断符合题意的数字。
提示3：对推断类数字题则通常涉及到简单的数学四则运算，需稍加计算，才能得出正确答案。
2.地点
地点型试题主要考查地点，该项内容的考查多为以where开头的特殊疑问句，如：Where does the conversation most probably take place (这段对话最可能发生在什么场合 )解这类试题时，我们需要有一些积累和推断。
提示1：熟悉、积累常用地名，如国家、首都、大城市、著名的标志性建筑以及山川河流的名称等
提示2：熟悉、积累与各个地点场所有关的单词、短语、句型和场景。
3.推断
推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点，还常考查学生对人物身份、关系，人物态度、情感以及事件原因的推断。一般来说，此类题通常出现在短对话中。
提示1：平时熟悉、积累不同人物身份及人物关系所对应的单词、短语、句型和场景，测试时根据对话内容所提供的称呼语、关键词，结合生活常识进行判断。
提示2：熟悉、积累不同语音语调所表达的不同意思，以及特定单词、短语和句型所表达的隐含信息，进行准确判断。
提示3：认真听清事件发生的全部过程及前因后果，去粗取精，去伪存真，才能找出事件发生的真正原因。
六、听力题型应试对策
1.场景型问题
解题技巧：分析选项目, 预测可能出现的词汇,短语,句子.
仔细辨认对话中的语境相关词,特别是场景词汇及习惯用语.
2.人物关系及身份题
解题技巧：仔细辨认对话中的职业相关词,抓住其相关的关键词进行答题。
在听人物之间关系的题目时，说话人之间的语气尤其重要，如果是上司跟下属之间的关系，语气一般较强硬，有命令的意味；而如果是夫妻之间，则语气较为甜蜜，随意；朋友之间较亲切；服务员对顾客一般较尊敬。
关键词 人际关系
dear, darling, sweetheart, my love, cook, TV, dinner husband and wife
size, color, try on, discount, Can I help you assistant and customer
trouble, check, pain, fever, prescription, dentist doctor and patient
professor, subject, homework, questions, major(专业), hand in, teacher and student
3.数字型问题
解题技巧：数字、时间类题可分为直接信息型和间接信息型两种。
对于直接信息型的题，答案在录音中直接给出, 大家可以很容易地选出;
而间接信息型的题是录音中出现至少两个数字/时间, 需要听清这些数字/时间, 并搞清楚它们之间的关系, 有时需要用简单的加减乘除运算来确定答案。
要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等。
无论是哪种计算，其特点是计算都较简单，一般不会超出口算和心算的范围。在做题的过程当中,最好做简要的笔记。这类题的特点是学生听到什么就选什么往往会错。
4. 推理判断题
解题技巧：该题型在高考听力试题中所占比例较大。判断原因有时很容易, 往往在录音中有 because, because of, for, as, since, now that, due to, owing to, that’s why ... 等暗示信息。而有时要通过上下文来进行逻辑推理。做这类题时要把握好关键词、句, 审好题干, 做好听前预测, 边听边记录。
1．捕捉“弦外之音“，如降调表示赞同肯定；升调表示怀疑、惊讶或否定。
2．侧重but词后的信息，这些词后的信息往往比较重要。
3．注意一些语法结构的运用，如虚拟语气表示与事实相反；否定比较级结构表示最高级；
I wish I could be in 2 places at once.
It couldn’t be better.
I couldn’t agree more.
You can never/not be too careful
I have never seen a better film.
听力中要特别注意but 后的内容。因为but前的往往是婉转的客套话，而后面的才是真正的心里话，在口语表达中更常见的还有以下几个连接标志：to be honest, to tell the truth, in fact, as a matter of fact,actually等
I’d like…, but…
I was planning to…, but…
I’m sorry to hear that, but…
That’s great, but…
5.观点态度题
说话者的意图、观点或态度也和具体语言环境有关，只有结合具体语境进行归纳或推理，才能理解说话者真正的意图、观点或态度。
解题技巧：注意对话中肯定与否定回答.
肯定回答: Yes/Absolutely/ I agree with you… ;
否定回答: I’m sorry, I’m busy now，I’m afraid I can’t……
常见语气词:well—委婉否定
6.主旨大意题
这类题不仅要求大家能够听懂对话或独白, 而且要求具有较高的概括能力。
七、听力场景词汇总结
高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的，有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思，还要知道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的，掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式，也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的关键。
1.餐馆场景
order点菜；serve上菜；change零钱；Keep the change!不用找零钱了！tip小费；treat请客(This is my treat!我请客!)；go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) ；steak牛排；cheese奶酪；sandwich三明治；bacon腌肉；soup汤；plain water自来水(西餐中洗手用的)；dessert甜品，水果(作为正餐的最后一道)；go out for dinner / dinner out出去吃饭；snack bar小吃街，大排挡；hamburger汉堡包；coke可口可乐；French fries炸薯条；dining hall食堂；coffee shop咖啡店；restaurant餐馆；cafeteria自助餐厅或食堂；canteen食堂.
2. 邮局场景
stamp envelope package /parcel包裹；overweight超重；extra postage额外邮资；send / post / deliver a letter /mail寄/发信；express mail快件；airmail航空信件；surface mail陆地邮寄；open an account开一个账户。
3.图书馆场景
library card；borrow；lend；keep；renew续借；bookshelf；novel；science fiction科幻小说；magazine；periodical期刊；reference book；librarian图书管理员；pay a fine交罚款；Can I help you / What can I do for you
4.医院及健康场景
aspirin 阿司匹林；regular doctor私人医生；emergence department急诊室；ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房；treatment治疗手段；take one’s temperature / blood pressure测量体温/血压；medicine/pills /tablets药丸/药片；heart attack心脏病；cold / flu流感；have/ catch a cold；pain；headache；stomach-ache；backache；sore-throat喉咙痛；cough; fever；What’s up (多用于男生之间)How is it going How are you 回答：I’m fine. / I feel good/ terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me.好。I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. /I am not myself these days.不好。(注意听语气：身体好的时候，语调上扬，语气非常欢快；身体不好的时候，降调，语气非常郁闷。)
5.电话场景
operator接线员；Extension six two two six, please.请转 6226。The line is bad / busy / engaged. It kept a busy line.电话占线。long distance call长途电话；collect call对方付费的电话；put through接通电话；hold on / up；Hold the line, please. Hello! This is... speaking. Who’s speaking / who is this call / telephone / ring / phone sb.；give sb. a call / ring；I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again. I couldn’t get through. Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
6. 酒店场景
make a reservation预订房间；reception desk接待处；check in人住；check out结账；single room单间；suite 套间；Do you have a reservation, Sir Have you got any vacant room (=Is there any room available here )有空房间吗？All the room are occupied.房间已满。Can I have a suite please How much do you charge for that Smoking or no smoking Meals included.包括饮食。Can I show you your room / Can I carry your luggage
7.超速场景
speeding；May I see your license, please You will be fined by $20.
8. 购物场景
store杂货店；department store百货商场；shopping center购物中心；
商品信息：size；color；style；price；What color/size/kind do you want 商品论贵贱：expensive, cheap；价格论高低：high, low；bargain便宜货；popular /fashionable流行的；in fashion流行，时尚；out of fashion过时的；brand品牌；counter柜台；pay in cash用现金支付；pay in check用支票支付；credit card 信用卡；shop assistant 商店营业员；out of stock脱销/缺货；in stock有货。
9. 天气场景
cloudy阴天；overcast多云；thunder打雷；strong/high wind大风；tornado龙卷风；typhoon台风；storm风暴；blizzard暴风雨；It rains cats and dogs. (=The rain is pouring.) 下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨；shower阵雨；clear up天空放晴；put away clothes下雨收衣服；weather in London / Seattle意指不好的天气；weather in California意指好天气；经常和天气相联系的情况：vacation和flight (航班)(be delayed/cancelled by the bad weather)
10. 机场场景
airport机场；flight航班；Welcome onboard.欢迎登机。bound for...飞往……方向去的；check in办理登机手续；behind schedule晚点；take off起飞；land降落。
11.人物关系
试题中常涉及到的人物关系对话中常涉及的人物关系包括：夫妻(husband-wife)、父子(father- son)、母女(mother -daughter)、师生(teacher-student)、同学(schoolmates/classmates)、同事(colleagues)、老板与秘书(boss - secretary)、雇主与雇员(employer-employee)、医生与病人 (doctor-patient) 、服务员与顾客 (waiter/waitress - customer) 、主人与客人 (host/hostess - guest)、警察与司机(policeman- driver)、管理员与借阅者(1ibrarian- reader)、房东与租房者(1andlord/1andlady-tenant)、接见者；采访者与被接见者，被访问者(interviewer-interviewee) 等。
八、2023年全国新高考I&II卷听力解析
1. 话题概述：
2023年高考英语新高考I、II卷中听力部分选材多样化，话题贴近日常生活，包括周末计划、结账、与朋友相约见面、上大学的感受等。选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题语境。本次听力考试突出显示英语的人际交往功能（包括陌生人之间、朋友之间、店主和顾客之间以及采访者和被采访者之间），实用性强，能够培养学生在人际交往中熟练地使用英语沟通的能力。
2. 亮点呈现：
Text 2向陌生人求助帮忙看包，显示了陌生人之间的信任关系；
Text 8意外获得姐姐（妹妹）的一本旧书，对话安排巧妙且有曲折，显现了浓厚的亲情关系；
Text 9采访一名学生的上学感受，贴近学生生活、关注学生情感；
Text 10推销一本生活杂志，提醒人们享受美好生活。
3. 设题规律：
本套题有10个事实细节题；8个推理判断题；1个主旨大意题；1个观点态度题。
疑问词分布相对均衡：12个what，1个when，3个why，2个where，1个how，1个who。
设题方面：题干设置灵活度高，且有难度。选项设置简短，干扰性强，更加注重考查学生对信息的推理、转换以及快速反应能力。
4. 播音特点
主播：英美组合，同2023年1月浙江卷/山东卷和2022年11月二级卷。
语速：约130词/分。原文单词量：860左右。
注意变化：第二节的结构是2-2-4-4-3，此前高考真题中从未出现过。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Jack probably do this weekend
A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film.
Text 1 【周末计划】词数:33
W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.
W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.
M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.
1. C。【解析】事实细节题。Jack说如果这周末天气晴朗，他和朋友就去露营。女士说天气预报说要下雨。根据Jack的话“In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.”可知，Jack这周末可能要去看电影。故选C。
背景知识 It depends. 视情况而定
2. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Take care of her bags. B. Pack the food for her. C. Check the train schedule.
Text 2 【求助】 词数:36
W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.
2. A。【解析】事实细节题。考查同义转换。根据女士的话“Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment ”可知，女士请求男士帮她看一下行李。故选A。原文中的mind转换成了take care of。
背景知识 mind 照看；留心（某人/某事物） convenience store 便利店
3. When will the man see Bob
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
Text 3 【计划与安排】 词数:37
W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
3. B。【解析】事实细节题。女士说Bob出院了，问男士去看望Bob了没。男士说他打算这周六去。女士问男士这周六不是要开会吗，男士说会议已经改到下周一。由此可知，男士这周六将去看望Bob。故选B。
背景知识 reschedule 重新安排
4. Why does the man apologize
A. For the terrible food. B. For the overcharge. C. For the waiter’s rudeness.
Text 4 【因算错账退顾客钱】词数:37
M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
4. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.”可知，服务员在结账时犯了一个严重的错误，所以男士把10美元还给女士。由此可以推断出，服务员多收了女士10美元，所以向她道歉。故选B。
背景知识 make a mistake (in) doing sth. 在做某事时犯错误 add up the bill 算账
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing a book. B. Holding a celebration. C. Buying a present.
Text 5 【新年礼物】词数:31
W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the New Year
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
5. C。【解析】主旨大意题。对话开头女士问男士是否应该给Steve买本书作为新年礼物。男士说书很好，但Steve不会接受随便的书。结合整个对话可知，说话者主要围绕给Steve买新年礼物这个话题展开对话的。故选C。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Sara make the phone call
A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange an outing. C. To cancel an appointment.
7. What does David want to do
A. Go to a dinner party. B. Talk to Sara in person. C. Work on the new case.
Text 6 【相约见面】词数:88
M: Hello, Sarah.
W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. (6) Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened
W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I’ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sarah, please. We need to talk. (7) It’s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone. (7)
M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. (7) How about tomorrow night
W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
6. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Sara的话“Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.”可知，她打电话告诉David今晚不能和他共进晚餐了。接着她说明了自己无法赴约的原因。由此可推断出，Sara打电话来是为了取消约会。故选C。
7. B。【解析】事实细节题。根据David的话“We need to talk. It’s about my job.”及Sara的话“Then tell me on the phone.”可知，David想找Sara谈谈他的工作，Sara建议在电话里说。结合David的话“No, it’s better if we do it in person.”可知，他想找Sara当面谈。故选B。
背景知识 in person 亲自 give sb. a call 给某人打电话
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where is Jim now
A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion
A. Going to the city center. B. Taking a short cut home. C. Meeting Jim in the park.
Text 7 【有客人拜访，着急赶回家】词数:99
W: Jeff will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes. (8)
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. (9) We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.(9)
M: Are you sure
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
8. A。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.”可知，Jim发来两条信息告诉男士说他已完成了工作、打上了出租车，还说他大约20分钟后到。由此可推断出，Jim现在在出租车上。故选A。
9. B。 【解析】推理判断题。根据女士的话“Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.”可知，她建议下车步行穿过公园回家，这样可以节省至少20分钟。由此可推断出，女士建议抄近路回家。故选B。
背景知识 call on 拜访；看望 be done with sth. 完成某事 a hundred percent 完全；百分之百
听第8段材料, 回答第10至13题。
10. What did Clara do at the weekend
A. She planted vegetables. B. She went to a yard sale. C. She visited her grandpa.
11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought
A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card.
12. Where does Mark live
A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia.
13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley
A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
Text 8 【意外获得姐姐的一本旧书】词数:176
W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s.(10) He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012.(11) The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister.(13) In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago.(12) Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
10. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Clara的话“I went to my grandpa’s.”可知，她去了祖父家。故选项C。选项A很具有干扰性，注意录音中是pick vegetables（采摘蔬菜），而不是planted vegetables（种植蔬菜）。
11. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012.”可知，当他快速翻阅那本小说时，一张纸从里面掉出来了，那是一张2012年的机票。故选A。
12. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Mark的话“I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.”可知，他询问书商从哪里得到这本书的，书商说是从洛杉矶的二手书店买的。去年他们一家从洛杉矶搬到了费城。由此可推断出，Mark是在费城买到的这本书，他居住在费城。故选C。
点拨：此题有一定的难度，因为录音中没有直接表明Mark的居住地，而是通过书商的所在地来推测出来Mark的居住地的。此段出现了3个地名，学生在听录音时，需做好笔记，整体理解这段话，方可得出答案。
13. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“Ashley, my sister.”可知，他与Ashley是姐弟（兄妹）关系。故选A。
背景知识 drop by 偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问 yard sale 庭院拍卖 poetry collection 诗集 leaf through 迅速翻阅 second-hand 二手的
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. What is probably the woman
A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete.
15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team
A. Adapting himself to the intense training.
B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C. Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16. What does Victor say about the players on the team
A. They are of the same age.
B. They are similar in character.
C. They are from different countries.
17. How does Victor feel about his team now
A. It’s about to break up. B. It’s the best in Indiana. C. It’s getting stronger.
Text 9 【在印第安纳州上大学的感受】词数:166单词
W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indiana basketball player (15)
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day.(15) It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.(16) But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team. (17)
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
14. B。【解析】推理判断题。考查职业身份。女士以Victor在印第安纳州上大学的感受为提问的开始，接下来她又问了Victor作为篮球运动员的一些事项，最后她向Victor表达感谢和祝愿。由此可推断出，女士可能是一名记者。故选B。
15. 【解析】事实细节题。女士问Victor作为一名印第安纳州的篮球运动员有什么困难。根据Victor的回答“Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day... I’m just trying to get used to it.”可知，每天高强度的训练让他难以适应。故选A。
16. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Victor的话“I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.”可知，篮球队的成员来自不同的国家。故选C。
17. C。【解析】观点态度题。根据Victor的话“You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.”可知，他认为球员之间开始亲近、逐渐增强信任关系，他们的团队每天都在成长。故选C。
背景知识 meet deadlines 在规定的时间内完成任务或达到目标 weightlifting 举重 fit into 适应 get along with 与……和睦相处 bond 增强（与某人的）信任关系 fruitful 硕果累累的；成功的
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Who is Tom Hokinson
A. Founder of a magazine. B. Publisher of a novel. C. Editor of a newspaper.
19. What do we know about the content of The Idler
A. It’s old-fashioned. B. It’s wide-ranging. C. It’s student-targeted.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk
A. To do a promotion. B. To discuss an issue. C. To introduce a lecturer.
Text 10 【鼓励订阅杂志《闲人》】词数:160
W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities Do you want to live a full and happy life Today, I’m going to introduce you to a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993.(18) With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography.(19) You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free. (20)
18. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据“The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson, back in 1993.”可知，The Idler是一本杂志，由Tom Hokinson发起。故Tom Hokinson是杂志的创始人。故选A。
19. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据“In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping.”可知，每一期杂志都包含了有关生活、历史、哲学、艺术和时尚摄影等内容。你会发现很多有趣的东西，也会发现很多有用的东西，从制作培根的食谱到家政指南。由此可推断出，这本杂志的内容取材广泛。故选B。
20. A。【解析】推理判断题。说话者先介绍了杂志The Idler的创始人、创办时间和内容，最后推荐大家下载申请表、订阅杂志。故推断，说话者是为了推销这本杂志。故选A。
背景知识 The Ildler《闲人》 intention 目的 bimonthly 两月一次；一月两次 issue （杂志或报刊的）期 mix （事物或人的）混合；结合 read 读物；使人感兴趣的书 subscribe to 订阅
九、2023年全国甲&乙卷英语听力解析
语篇 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
Text 1 购物体验 问路 搭便车下车 问路指引
Text 2 音乐练习 商场购物 通宵赶项目 天气和季节
Text 3 组织聚会 办公室对话 寻找安静谈话地点 周末计划
Text 4 度假计划 旅行的选择 糟心的邻居家的狗 询问某人的近况
Text 5 驱车机场 判断位置 饭店订桌 谈论学生会和社团活动
Text 6 抱歉电话 观看比赛 晚上聚餐安排 对比、挑选公寓
Text 7 离职计划 医生建议 公司搬迁计划 电台采访
Text 8 赛后采访 安慰朋友 艺术家采访 求职面试
Text 9 新租公寓 美国老人的恐惧 平衡打工与学习 作家分享自己读书历程
Text 10 英式足球 母女关系 一个运动员的经历自述 音乐比赛与艺术追求
听力概述与复习备考建议
语 音：美音
词 数： 861
语 速： 138词 / 分
考 点：事实细节13个，推理判断: 3个，主旨要义题 2个，观点和态度题 2个
材料特征：话题具有多样性，文学艺术方面话题涉及的专业词汇较多，人名地名比较复 杂且设了题，增加了难度，话语流畅，贴近真实语境
备考建议：1. 积累同义词，能够在听力中运用同义转述解题
2. 关注熟词新义
3. 积累话题词汇
4. 能够进行简单的推理判断
5. 独白近几年常考体美劳方面内容，要多关注
6. 整体语速138w/m相比去年要快，尤其前五题141-163w/m，比去年101-138w/m要快很多。6-20题相差不大。建议要适应不同语速的材料，前五题要加强练习。
7. 整体难度比去年要难，要重视听力，适应不同主播，不同口音。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the book store. B. In the register office. C. In the dorm building.
Text 1 【问路指引】词数:32;用时:11.8”;语速:163词/分。
W: Could you please tell me how I can get to the student dorm building
M: Sure. Turn left when you walk out of this register office, pass the bookstore and you'll see it.
1.答案是B。事实细节题。依据答语“Turn left when you walk out of this register office”推断对话是在登记处进行的。故选B。
背景知识 register office: 登记处
2. What is the weather like now
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
Text2 【天气和季节】词数:37:用时:14”;语速:159词/分。
M: We couldn't ask for a better day, could we, Barbara
W: I know, Steve. There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year.
M: Me too. The flowers are beautiful but calling for rain though.
2. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据答语“There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year”推断天空没有云层，天气晴朗。故选A。
背景知识 call for: 需要
3. What does the man want to do on the weekend
A. Do some gardening. B. Have a barbecue. C. Go fishing.
Text 3 【周末计划】词数:27;用时:10.9”;语速:149词/分。
M: We got any plans this weekend
W: We might start with our vegetable garden then the barbecue.
M: Sounds fun, but I still want to go fishing with Georg.
3. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据答语“but I still want to go fishing with Georg”推断男士周末想去钓鱼。英语听力对话注意转折之后爱出题。故选C。
背景知识 start with:从……开始 barbecue: n.(户外)烧烤
4. What are the speakers talking about
A. A new office. B. A change of their jobs. C. A former colleague.
Text 4 【询问近况】词数:41;用时:107”;语速:168词/分。
M: Lisa, I saw Jack this morning.
W: You mean the former designer of our company What’s he doing these days
M: He said he's got a new job as an art reporter.
4. 答案是C。主旨大意题。依据内容得知，第一波提及Jack，第二波提及Jack是公司以前的员工，第三波提及Jack最近找到一份新工作，由此推断本对话围绕一名以前同事展开。故选C。
背景知识 an art reporter:一名艺术记者
5. What do we know about Andrew
A. He’s optimistic. B. He’s active. C. He’s shy.
Text 5 【学生会活动】词数:33; 用时:14.4”; 语速:138词/分。
W: Do you often go to the student union, Andrew
M: Pretty much. Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or associations.
5. 答案是B。推理判断题。依据内容得知，依据答语知道Andrew经常去学生会，花费很多时间组织俱乐部活动-，由此推断Andrew非常活跃。故选B。
背景知识 the student union: 学生会
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Which of the following does the woman dislike
A. The bedroom. B. The sitting room. C. The kitchen.
7. What does the woman suggest they do next
A. Go to another agency. B. See some other flats. C. Visit the neighbours.
Text 6 【公寓比选】词数:61;用时:23.7”;语速:154词/分。
W: What do you think, Terry
M: Well, it has one more bedroom than the last flat and the sitting room is big.
W: But there is not enough cupboard space in the kitchen.(6)
M: It's cheaper than the last one we saw and it is in a good neighborhood.
W: Well, maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us. (7)
6. 答案是C。观点态度题。依据第二波对话得知，男士对卧室和客厅满意，但女士认为厨房橱柜空间不够，由此推断她对厨房不满意。故选C。
7. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us.得知女士希望中介再推荐其他单元房。故选B。
背景知识 agent n.(房产)中介
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man doing
A. He’s making a phone call.
B. He’s chairing a meeting.
C. He’s hosting a program.
9. What makes Mrs. Johnson worried about her daughter in Africa
A. Lack of medical support.
B. Inconvenience of communication.
C. Poor transportation system.
Text 7【电台采访】词数:85;用时:38.5”;语速:132词/分。
M: Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you’ve shared with our listeners.（8） Now, please tell us do you sometimes feel worried about your daughter, now that she's grown up
W: Oh I worry about her like all parents do. After she graduated from medical school, she went to volunteer medical service in Africa.
M: Wow.
W: That's okay if communication was fine. But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.（9）
8. 答案是C。主旨要义题。依据Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you’ve shared with our listeners.得知，男士在主持一档访谈节目。故选C。
9. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.得知有时候没有网络或电话信号，甚至两周不通电话。说明通讯不便引起女士担忧。故选B。
背景知识 volunteer medical service:自愿参加医疗服务 go(two weeks)without:(两周)没有……也行
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What position does the man apply for
A. A salesperson. B. An engineer. C. An accountant.
11. Which aspect of the company appeals to the man
A. The company culture. B. The free accommodations. C. The competitive pay.
12. What is difficult for the man to deal with
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Quality-quantity balance. C. Unplanned happenings.
Text 8 【求职面试】词数:149;用时:66.8”;语速:134词/分。
W: Now sell yourself in a minute please.
M: I graduated from university two years ago and have since been working in an accounting company. (10)
W: Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers. I have a large amount of experience working with big data. I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here. (10)
W: Good! Why did you choose this company
M: Peterson has been my dream company all along. You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive. (11)
W: Ah huh. What do you think is your biggest weakness
M: Well, when I work, I often concentrate so much on what I'm doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly. (10) That may be annoying to some people.
W: All right. Thank you very much.
10. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据have since been working in an accounting company.和I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here.得知，男士在申请会计师这个职位。故选C。
11. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive.得知，公司重视进步，关注工作质量，弹性工作时间和在家工作都很吸引求职者。说明男士喜欢公司文化。故选A。
12. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly.得知，男士在处理意外事情方面有些困难。故选C。
背景知识 sell yourself:介绍自己;推销自己 work from home:居家办公
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does Robert sound when speaking of his being a writer
A. Hopeful. B. Grateful. C. Doubtful.
14. What was Robert like before he was 9 years old
A. He had wild imagination. B. He enjoyed sports. C. He loved science.
15. What did Robert’s father do
A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A librarian.
16. What helped Robert become a writer
A. Writing daily. B. Listening to stories. C. Reading extensively.
Text 9 【作家分享自己读书历程】词数:220单词;用时:96.4”;语速:137词/分。
W: So Robert I guess you must be well into your third decade as a writer. How is life treating you
M: Fourth decade as a writer. Hmm let me get my calculator out. Well, I guess I have been writing novels since the 1980s. So you're right. But I have been writing all of my life. And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently. (13)
W: Can I ask you about your childhood Were you a bookish child
M: In a strange way, I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn. (14) My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry. (15) And he was a big reader. He would bring books. back from his high school library. One day I read the last chapter of a book, the title of which I’ve long since forgotten. I liked it so much that I started reading the remainder. Interestingly, I read the chapters backwards until I got to the beginning. I really loved the experience and I soon became an eager reader. Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction. (16) I must add that I started reading the books from the start as opposed to working backwards.
13. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently.得知，男士在对于自己走上写作之路满是感激心情。故选B。
14. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn.得知，男士9岁前很少读书，倒是喜欢体育运动。故选B。
15. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry.得知，男士父亲是名教师。故选A。
16. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction.得知，男士把父亲带回来的小说细数阅读，最后成就一位作家。故选C。
背景知识 How is life treating you 生活待你如何 a bookish child:书呆子 a big reader:好读书的人
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where was Open Tchaikovsky Competition held in 1986
A. In Moscow. B. In Chelyabinsk. C. In Berlin.
18. What does Maxim say about the competition he attended at 10
A. It inspired many young musicians.
B. It was the music event of his dreams.
C. It was a life-changing experience.
19. Which kind of music are the young players required to play
A. Rock music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music.
20. What does Maxim value most in young players’ performance
A. Expressiveness. B. Smoothness. C. Completeness.
Text 10 【音乐比赛与艺术追求】词数:189;用时:878;词速:129词/分
M: Hello, I'm Maxim Vengarov and I'm very happy to share with you my connection with open Tchaikovsky competition. It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk. (17) This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world music festival in Berlin. And it was interesting to say that a kid made his breakthrough already at the age of ten. (18) And that was me. Now as a judge of the competition, I can see clearly the huge challenges facing the musicians in the competition. Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works and Russian traditional music before coming to the final stage (19) As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings. (20) So, what I’m really looking for in the competition is to meet someone who can touch me musically. I want to see the seed at least the seed of the great tree that can grow. I would go for this violinist. I would go for this musician.
17. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk.得知，该项比赛是在莫斯科进行的。故选A。
18. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world music festival in Berlin.得知，参加莫斯科比赛是作者人生的转折点。故选C。
19. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works得知，比赛要求选手演奏古典音乐作品。故选C。
20. 答案是A。主旨要义题。依据As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings.得知，作为一名音乐家，最看重年轻选手通过演奏表达自己的思想情感。故选A。
背景知识 open Tchaikovsky competition:柴可夫斯基公开赛 Chelyabinsk( 俄罗斯)车里雅宾斯克，位于乌拉尔南坡及外乌拉尔。
【考前技能篇2】阅读理解的解题技巧
一、细节理解型
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
【命题特点】
特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。
21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” （2024浙江1月卷）
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild （2024九省联考卷）
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks （2023新高考I卷）
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop （2023新高考II卷）
【命题规律】 正确选项规律
同义替换 (1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work (2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important变换成of importance (3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项
干扰选项规律
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
【常考类型】
考法一：直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
【真题示例】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A 篇23题)
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【解答思路】
第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词: for the July 10 photography workshop
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”
第三步：比对选项信息。7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A篇23题)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【解答思路】
一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay one week after the due date，
二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Work部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero”，
三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。
【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ ·A篇22题)
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
【解答思路】
第一步，读题干，确定lost property office为定位词。
第二步，用定位词在文中找到Lost property部分，由该部分第二句“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于罗马街车站。
第三步，对比各选项只有B项正确。
【学以致用2】 (2020年全国ⅠI ·A篇21题)
The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover
and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct).
House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct).
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A. 09.30—17.30. B. 10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D. 12.00—16.30.
第一步，读题干，确定由题干中的Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens可定位到第一个景点。
第二步，用定位词在文中找到由Open部分中House的开放信息House:11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). 可知，3月到9月期间，House在周日到周四的开放时间为11.15—16.00。
第三步，对比各选项7月在这个时间段内，故选C。
考法二：间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·B篇24题)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant.
D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
【解答思路】
第一步: 扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:What, know about, Abby Jaramillo
第二步: 根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. initiator和started是同义替换。
第三步: 根据关键词和定位信息可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。(间接信息题)
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·全国甲·B篇24题)
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
一读题干，锁定关键词，即How，get the nut；
二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”和“...the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to choose from. Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。
三定答案。根据同义替换，故选B。
【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·D篇33题)
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer
A. To detect plants’ lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
一读题干，锁定关键词，function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer。
二扫原文，锁定信息区间，由第二句 “These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they‘re short of water”可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。lack of water与be short of water同义。
三定答案。同义替换。lack of water与be short of water同义。故选A项，
考法三：数计算题题
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。
此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工,但此类试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力,故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·A篇22题)
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50.
【解答思路】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:How much, pay for, renting a bike, with hand brake and three gears, two days
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Prices...(表格)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第三段的表格中的中间一列,第一行含有题干中的hand brake和three gears,再联系第四行和第五行,一天是14.75欧元,再加一天是8欧元,所以是14.75+8= 22.75欧元。故选C。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·全国乙·A篇22题)
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.
一读题干寻找关键词a couple with two children under 12，
二在Admission部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free，
三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
【学以致用2】(2023·浙江1月卷·A篇23题)
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
一读题干寻找关键词。How many hours of class，altogether，register for a single week。
二依据原文信息加工。根据“ Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。
三合理计算定答案。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
二、猜测词义题
【命题特点】
猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to （2024浙江1月卷）
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean （2024九省联考卷）
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean （2023新高考I卷）
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean （2023新高考II卷）
【命题规律】
考法一：利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
【真题示例1】（2022 全国乙卷 C篇29题）
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。故选C。
考法二：利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
【真题示例2】（2016 全国II卷 B篇27题）
原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
解析：downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
考法三：利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。
【真题示例3】（2019 全国II卷 B篇25题）
原文：I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
【解析】由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal to feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。
考法四：利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。
【真题示例4】（2020 新高考卷Ⅰ D篇33题）
原文：According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。
考法五：利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
【真题示例5】（2022 新高考II卷，B篇24题）
原文：We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
考法六：利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。
【真题示例6】（2015 四川卷 D篇44题）
原文：And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.
44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A项。
考法七：利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
【真题示例7】（2020 江苏卷 C篇61题）
原文：For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
解析：此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
考法八：利用就近原则判指代
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。
【真题示例8】（2022·新高考II卷·C篇30题）
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】（2023 新高考I卷 C篇29题）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【学以致用2】（2023 新高考II卷 C篇30题）
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
30.