突破01 阅读理解之推理判断题
第一部分：重点难点
重点掌握推断隐含意义
找到相关信息点， 不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断。
重点掌握推断观点态度
根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
重点掌握推断写作目的
1. 找主旨
2. 看文体――根据文章结构和措辞
(1) to entertain readers
常见于故事类的文章
(2) to persuade readers
常见于广告类的文章
(3) to inform readers/offer information/tips
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.
重点掌握推断文章出处
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:
A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。
C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）, web（网络）, website（网址）等字眼。
重点掌握推断下续内容:
1．把握作者写作思路
2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。
第二部分：易错失分
易错陷阱1：观点态度易混易错点
1. 选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清；
2. 原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义；
3. 未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思；
易错陷阱2：文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
考生需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。
如，发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普杂志上。
易错陷阱3：写作目的和意图易混易错点
考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如，广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
易错陷阱4：细节推断易混易错点
细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。考生应以文中信息为依据，不但要理解表层含义，而且要理解深层意义。
【易错点提醒一】 观点态度易混易错点
【例1】 But, it doesn't have to be all bad news. “One major motivation in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife conflicts is finding solutions,” said Abrahms. “As we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and come up with interventions(干预) to try to address these conflicts.”
Some interventions maybe as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Governments can also plan forties when extreme climate events will bring people and wild if e into closer contact. “Once you know the root causes of a conflict, you can design interventions to help both people and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”
What does Abrahms think of interventions
A. They are too simple. B. They are out-of-date.
C. They are changeable. D. They are beneficial.
易错分析：拘泥于找到原词，不能从话语中推理作者真正的态度，从而无中生有，仅凭现实生活主观臆断。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Abrahms认为，一旦你知道冲突的根本原因，你就可以设计干预措施，以帮助人类和野生动物。据此可知，他认为干预措施是有益的。
【易错点提醒二】 文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
【例2】 When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A food magazine. B．An astronaut’s journal.
C．A sci-fi handbook. D．A space history website.
易错分析：对生活常识记日志不熟悉，且第一段细节us here on the Space Station未能正确理解。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. (对于在空间站的我们而言也是如此。)”, 以及最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space. (下次我会写一写在太空烹饪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇宇航员的太空日志。故选B。
【易错点提醒三】 写作目的和意图易混易错点
【例3】Navigating growing up alongside academic demands is a difficult phase of life for anyone. “The hardest part of having dyscalculia in my K-12 experience was dealing with a disability on top of the normal aspects of growing up,” Cladek said. “Growing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough,” said Cladek, who is now a college student. “If l could only be able to fit in with the rest of the kids and not have this anxiety and frustration every time I look at a math problem on my worksheet, then I’ll be enough, which was a common thought I had.”
What does the author want to say by men toning Cladek's experience
A. Cladek has fantastic memories of schooling.
B. It's better to have dyscalculia diagnosed earlier.
C. Growing up with dyscalculia is a big challenge.
D. Academic demands outweigh struggling with dyscalculia.
易错分析：原文对应均是长难句，容易错误分析句子结构导致不理解句意，更不能推断出其深层含义。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Cladek说的话“Growing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough，”可知，患有计算障碍的成长极大地影响了Cladek的自我价值，总感觉自己不够好。由此可知，对一个成长过程中的人来说“数盲症”是一个巨大的挑战。
【易错点提醒四】 细节推断易混易错点
【例4】Who can apply
Anyone is qualified to enroll in the Summer Semester, but please note some courses are only available to current students who are enrolled in a UQ degree.
Past applicants have included:
●current UQ students
●students from other universities, including international students
●professionals
●adults from a range of backgrounds
●high-school students
Which word can best describe the past applicants of Summer Semester
A．Skilled. B．Young. C．Diverse. D．Competent.
易错分析：原文细节Anyone is qualified to enroll 及后续举例未能正确理解和推断。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据Who can apply 部分中“Past applicants have included: current UQ students, students from other universities, including international students, professionals, adults from a range of backgrounds, high-school students (过去的申请者包括：昆士兰大学在读学生，来自其他大学的学生（包括国际学生），专业人士，来自不同背景的成年人，高中生)”可知，过去的申请者是各种各样的。因此，背景多样可以概括其特征。故选C项。
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章陷含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。因此，为攻克阅读理解之推理判断题，特推出以下阅读理解题
（一）
Bird expert James Zook has been collecting records on nearly 430 kinds of tropical birds on farms and natural forests in Central America for 18 years. While birds do best in natural rainforests, Zook said some species usually found in forests can establish populations in “diversified farms”.
“In these diversified farms, you see growth over the long term in bird species with specialized needs, which include safe and protected areas from the sun for birds to build their homes and different kinds of food sources. Besides, that kind of farming is very different to industrial agriculture or agriculture where only one crop like pineapple or bananas are planted,” said Nicholas Hendershot in a recent study.
University of California environmental scientist Natalia Ocampo-Penuela, who was not involved in the study, notes that the research provides rare detailed data over a long period, demonstrating that diversified farming can support forest bird populations.
The study reveals that 75 percent of the 305 bird species found in diversified farms showed stable or growing populations over the study period. This includes birds like the collared aracari and members of the manakin family known for their complex mating dances.
Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center scientist Ruth Bennett, although not involved in the research, said, “It’s a huge contribution to have documented that some birds aren’t just going there, but staying there and populations are growing.”
Still, such safe environments, called habitats, do not balance out overall population losses from the creation of large industrial farms from natural forests, the writers warned. Zook compared a large pineapple farm to a “bird desert.”
Increasingly, scientists say saving species will require paying attention to areas affected by humans, not just untouched areas. Ocampo-Penuela says that conservation efforts should extend beyond protected areas to areas where some species can live.
1．What does Nicholas Hendershot say about diversified farms
A．They only provide protected areas for nesting.
B．They support the long-term growth of bird species.
C．They are more beneficial than natural rainforests for birds.
D．They are essential for the survival of endangered bird species.
2．What does Zook focus on in the study
A．The impact of industrial agriculture on bird populations.
B．The life patterns of tropical birds in natural rainforests.
C．The population growth of bird species in diversified farms.
D．The complex mating dances of birds in natural rainforests.
3．What can we infer about large industrial farms in Paragraph 6
A．They protect bird populations from human activities.
B．They have no negative impact on bird populations.
C．They offer bird populations safe environments.
D．They lead to the decline of bird populations.
4．Where does the passage go next
A．Reasons for the loss of bird population in the forest.
B．Measures to save bird species in agricultural areas.
C．Ways to prevent human destruction to farms.
D．Facilities for all kinds of diversified farms.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一项研究发现，拥有天然树木和遮挡阳光的多样化农场可以为一些鸟类种群提供庇护之地。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Nicholas Hendershot说的话“In these diversified farms, you see growth over the long term in bird species with specialized needs, which include safe and protected areas from the sun for birds to build their homes and different kinds of food sources.(在这些多样化的农场里，你会看到有特殊需求的鸟类物种在较长时间内会增长，其中包括不被太阳晒到的安全庇护之地，供鸟类建造家园，以及不同种类的食物来源)”可知，他认为多样化的农场为鸟类的长期增长提供支持，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While birds do best in natural rainforests, Zook said some species usually found in forests can establish populations in ‘diversified farms’.(虽然鸟类在天然雨林中生存繁殖最好，但Zook说，一些通常发现于森林中的物种可以在‘多样化农场’中建立种群)”可知，Zook在研究中主要关注多样化农场中鸟类物种的增长情况，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Still, such safe environments, called habitats, do not balance out overall population losses from the creation of large industrial farms from natural forests, the writers warned.(尽管如此，作者警告说，这种被称为栖息地的安全环境并不能平衡从天然林中建立大型工业化农场所带来的总体数量损失)”可知，大型工业化农场会导致鸟类数量的减少，故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Increasingly, scientists say saving species will require paying attention to areas affected by humans, not just untouched areas. Ocampo-Penuela says that conservation efforts should extend beyond protected areas to areas where some species can live.(科学家们越来越多地表示，拯救物种需要关注受到人类影响的地区，而不仅仅是未受影响的地区。Ocampo-Penuela说，保护工作应该从保护区扩展到一些物种可以生活的地方)”可知，拯救鸟类物种需要关注受到人类影响的地区，保护工作应该从保护区扩展到一些物种可以生活的地方，故文章接下来应是谈论在农业区拯救鸟类物种的措施，故选B。
（二）
A few days before New Year 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U. S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/ MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1,849 missing service member s were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs; according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It’s the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I’ve worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, you’re doing something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
5．What was the telegram about in paragraph 1
A．A New Year dinner. B．Krueger’s disappearance.
C．A birthday greeting. D．John Krueger’s memory.
6．Why did people criticize the previous MIA search process
A．Because DPAA wants to continue the search.
B．Because it took long and lacked creativeness.
C．Because the work was stopped by the military.
D．Because 141 MIAs’ remains were found in 2021.
7．What is Michael Dolski’s attitude to the cooperation with scientists and groups
A．Patient. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A long search for MIAs. B．Achievements of DPAA．
C．Assistance from science. D．Consequences of wars.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是搜寻战斗中失踪人员的情况及为此所做的努力。
5．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.(相反，这条信息说他不会回家了:他的B-29已经失踪，后来他被宣布失踪(MIA)。他们的儿子，来自威斯康星州米德尔顿的约翰·克鲁格，在讲述这个故事时仍然泪流满面。)”可知，这条消息说他不会回家了，并在后来被宣布为战后失踪人员，他的儿子说起此事仍会泪流满面，由此可知，第一段的电报是关于Charles Krueger失踪的信息。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/ MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology.(寻找这些人的工作落在了国防部战俘/失踪人员会计局(DPAA)身上，该机构于2015年成立，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜索过程缓慢，落后于科技创新。)”可知，寻找战时失踪人员的工作落在了 DPAA身上，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新，由此可知，人们批评之前的失踪人员搜寻过程是因为其需要的时间长，而且缺乏创造性。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”(“与学术科学家合作，引入了新的思维方式。”，军事历史学家Michael Dolski说，“与合作伙伴合作能够使我们以我们不能维持的方式利用他们的技术和能力。”)”可知，Michael Dolski认为，与学术科学家合作引入了新的思维方式，与合作伙伴一起工作使我们能够利用他们的技术和能力，由此可推知，Michael Dolski 对与科学家和团体的合作持支持态度。故选 D 项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/ MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology.(几十年后，军方继续努力将查尔斯·克鲁格(Charles Krueger)等士兵的遗体带回来。寻找这些人的工作落在了国防部战俘/失踪人员会计局(DPAA)身上，该机构于2015年成立，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜索过程缓慢，落后于科技创新。)”可知，几十年后，军方仍在努力找回像 Charles Krueger 这样的士兵的遗骸，批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新，根据第三段中的“To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government.(为了加快这项工作，国会授权DPAA与政府以外的科学家和团体建立公私合作伙伴关系。)”可知，为了加速这项工作,国会授权 DPAA 与政府以外的科学家和团体建立公私合作伙伴关系，由此可知，文章主要介绍了搜寻战斗中失踪人员的情况及为此所做的努力，所以标题“对战斗中失踪人员的长期搜寻”符合本段的内容，且概括了文章的主语，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。
（三）
Disney finally has its first young plus-size heroine, and fans across the internet are in high spirits.
“Reflect” is a short film now on Disney about a young ballet dancer named Bianca who struggles with her body image. In the short, Bianca doesn’t want to but has to look at herself in the mirror, checking her posture. Always feeling depressed to find herself fatty and ugly, she almost gives up dancing ballet. Though body positivity and self-acceptance can be easier said than done, eventually, she overcome her negative feelings and dance freely.
Though the film was first released on the platform in September, many social media users are now celebrating “Reflect” as a win for representation among the young.
“16 year old me needed this Disney short before I quit ballet because I didn’t want to be the fat girl in class anymore,” one user on Twitter said. “I’m glad little ones will have this. 10/10 for Reflect!”. “I don’t think you all comprehend, this is my Ariel,” a TikTok user said in a video, titled “Disney, you really got me in my feelings.”
Making the film from the perspective of a dancer, director Hillary Bradfield explained, felt natural. “When people watch the short, I hope that they can feel more positively about themselves and how they look, and feel okay about the tough parts of their journey,” Bradfield said. “Sometimes you go to the dark place to get to the good place. And that just makes the good place that much more beautiful.”
9．Which of the following best describes Bianca
A．Strong-willed B．Ambitious C．Sensitive D．Energetic
10．What does “positivity” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A．posture B．confidence C．figure D．activity
11．Why were the online comments of “Reflect” mentioned
A．To show their favor to “Reflect”.
B．To tell the significance of the short.
C．To give an explanation of “Reflect”.
D．To make a comparison with other movies.
12．What message does the author intend to convey
A．Hard work will pay off.
B．Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．It’s self-acceptance that really counts.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了迪士尼发布的一部关于年轻芭蕾舞女舞者的短片《Reflect》，该短片展示了女舞者 Bianca与自己的身体形象作斗争，并最终克服负面情绪，自由跳舞的故事。这部短片在网上引起了热议，许多人认为它是对年轻一代的一种胜利，代表了他们对年轻一代的代表性。导演 Hillary Bradfield 希望观众在观看完短片后，能够更加积极地看待自己的外表，并接受人生中的困难部分。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Always feeling depressed to find herself fatty and ugly, she almost gives up dancing ballet. (发现自己又胖又丑，她总是感到沮丧，几乎放弃了跳芭蕾。)”可知，Bianca总是因为觉得自己又胖又丑而感到沮丧，几乎要放弃跳芭蕾舞了。由此可知，Bianca是一个敏感的人。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Always feeling depressed to find herself fatty and ugly, she almost gives up dancing ballet. (发现自己又胖又丑，她总是感到沮丧，几乎放弃了跳芭蕾。)”可知，Bianca缺乏自信，所以推断positivity是指“自信”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though the film was first released on the platform in September, many social media users are now celebrating “Reflect” as a win for representation among the young. (虽然这部电影于9月首次在该平台上发布，但许多社交媒体用户现在都在庆祝《Reflect》赢得了年轻人的支持。)”可推断，提到网上的评论是为了展示他们对《Reflect》的喜爱。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了迪士尼发布的一部关于年轻芭蕾舞女舞者的短片《Reflect》，该短片展示了女舞者Bianca与自己的身体形象作斗争，并最终克服负面情绪，自由跳舞的故事。这部短片在网上引起了热议，许多人认为它是对年轻一代的一种胜利，代表了他们对年轻一代的代表性。导演Hillary Bradfield希望观众在观看完短片后，能够更加积极地看待自己的外表，并接受人生中的困难部分。由此可知，本文的主旨是自我接受才是最重要的。故选D。
（四）
Photosynthesis (光合作用) is a unique skill of green plants — they turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and food via sunlight. A group of Chinese scientists, however, “copied” the process on animals.
To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose (葡萄糖). The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
In the study, the researchers from Zhejiang University developed an independent and controllable photosynthetic system, according to the study published in Nature in early December. They separated thylakoids, a part of the cell where light reactions take place in plants, from young spinach (菠菜) leaves. The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies.
The mice used in the study were suffering from arthritis (关节炎) meaning cells in their cartilage had degenerated and could not be repaired by themselves. With the thylakoids implanted into the mice and exposed to light, the mice recovered. Their metabolism (新陈代谢) returned to normal.
In arthritis, the patients usually have energy loss since fewer energy-carrying molecules are generated. The implant, however, can correct the imbalance by storing more energy via photosynthesis.
The researchers also claimed that their tests would have medical usage. “It can be used as part of solution for degenerative diseases because the natural photosynthesis system may repair cells. It may also delay the aging process in cells. The study showed an exciting achievement that opens up possibilities of metabolism engineering,” commented one of the paper’s reviewers Francisco Cejudo from the University of Seville in Spain, reported Xinhua.
13．Why does the author mention the way photosynthesis works in Paragraph 2
A．To help us understand how scientists apply the principle to animals.
B．To explain to us the definition of photosynthesis.
C．To prove plants’ ability to release the oxygen back into the air.
D．To show us how plants turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen.
14．Why did researchers cover thylakoids with animal cells
A．To lead to light reactions. B．To provide them with nutrition.
C．To prevent them from degeneration. D．To help them work better in foreign bodies.
15．How will the implant help patients with arthritis
A．By repairing a broken metabolism. B．By getting rid of degenerated cells.
C．By helping maintain energy balance. D．By offering energy-carrying molecules.
16．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A．Suggestions for future studies. B．The significance of the study.
C．The limitations of the study. D．Other findings of the study.
【答案】13．A 14．D 15．C 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家在动物身上复制了光合作用的过程，从菠菜嫩叶中分离出类囊体，然后用动物细胞包裹了这些类囊体，将其植入了患有关节炎的老鼠体内，结果小鼠的健康状况得到了改善，它们的新陈代谢恢复正常。这一突破开辟了新陈代谢工程的可能性，具有重要的意义。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose (葡萄糖). The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores energy within the glucose molecules. (为了理解这一新的突破，了解光合作用是如何工作的是很重要的。植物从空气和土壤中吸收二氧化碳和水分。在植物细胞内，水被氧化。这将水转化为氧气，二氧化碳转化为葡萄糖。然后，植物将氧气释放回空气中，并将能量储存在葡萄糖分子中)”可推知，作者具体描述光合作用的方式，是为了帮助读者理解科学家如何将这一原理应用于动物。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies. (然后，科学家们用动物细胞包裹类囊体，这使得植入的类囊体更容易被异物接受)”可知，研究人员这样做是为了让类囊体被异物接受，在异物中更好地工作。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The implant, however, can correct the imbalance by storing more energy via photosynthesis. (然而，植入物可以通过光合作用储存更多的能量来纠正这种不平衡)”可知，这种植入物通过帮助维持能量平衡来帮助关节炎患者。故选C项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In arthritis, the patients usually have energy loss since fewer energy-carrying molecules are generated. The implant, however, can correct the imbalance by storing more energy via photosynthesis. (在关节炎中，由于产生的携带能量的分子较少，患者通常会有能量损失。然而，植入物可以通过光合作用储存更多的能量来纠正这种不平衡)”可知，本段介绍该研究对关节炎患者的帮助，再根据最后一段中“The researchers also claimed that their tests would have medical usage. “It can be used as part of solution for degenerative diseases because the natural photosynthesis system may repair cells. It may also delay the aging process in cells. The study showed an exciting achievement that opens up possibilities of metabolism engineering,” (研究人员还声称，他们的测试将有医疗用途。“它可以作为退行性疾病解决方案的一部分，因为天然光合作用系统可以修复细胞。它还可以延缓细胞的衰老过程。这项研究显示了一项令人兴奋的成就，为新陈代谢工程开辟了可能性。”)”可知，本段主要介绍该研究其他方面的医疗用途，包括解决退行性疾病和延缓细胞的衰老。因此，这两段主要是讨论该研究的重要意义。故选B项。突破01 阅读理解之推理判断题
第一部分：重点难点
重点掌握推断隐含意义
找到相关信息点， 不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断。
重点掌握推断观点态度
根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
重点掌握推断写作目的
1. 找主旨
2. 看文体――根据文章结构和措辞
(1) to entertain readers
常见于故事类的文章
(2) to persuade readers
常见于广告类的文章
(3) to inform readers/offer information/tips
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.
重点掌握推断文章出处
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:
A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。
C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）, web（网络）, website（网址）等字眼。
重点掌握推断下续内容:
1．把握作者写作思路
2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。
第二部分：易错失分
易错陷阱1：观点态度易混易错点
1. 选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清；
2. 原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义；
3. 未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思；
易错陷阱2：文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
考生需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。
如，发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普杂志上。
易错陷阱3：写作目的和意图易混易错点
考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如，广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
易错陷阱4：细节推断易混易错点
细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。考生应以文中信息为依据，不但要理解表层含义，而且要理解深层意义。
【易错点提醒一】 观点态度易混易错点
【例1】 But, it doesn't have to be all bad news. “One major motivation in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife conflicts is finding solutions,” said Abrahms. “As we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and come up with interventions(干预) to try to address these conflicts.”
Some interventions maybe as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Governments can also plan forties when extreme climate events will bring people and wild if e into closer contact. “Once you know the root causes of a conflict, you can design interventions to help both people and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”
What does Abrahms think of interventions
A. They are too simple. B. They are out-of-date.
C. They are changeable. D. They are beneficial.
【易错点提醒二】 文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
【例2】 When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A food magazine. B．An astronaut’s journal.
C．A sci-fi handbook. D．A space history website.
【易错点提醒三】 写作目的和意图易混易错点
【例3】Navigating growing up alongside academic demands is a difficult phase of life for anyone. “The hardest part of having dyscalculia in my K-12 experience was dealing with a disability on top of the normal aspects of growing up,” Cladek said. “Growing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough,” said Cladek, who is now a college student. “If l could only be able to fit in with the rest of the kids and not have this anxiety and frustration every time I look at a math problem on my worksheet, then I’ll be enough, which was a common thought I had.”
What does the author want to say by men toning Cladek's experience
A. Cladek has fantastic memories of schooling.
B. It's better to have dyscalculia diagnosed earlier.
C. Growing up with dyscalculia is a big challenge.
D. Academic demands outweigh struggling with dyscalculia.
【易错点提醒四】 细节推断易混易错点
【例4】Who can apply
Anyone is qualified to enroll in the Summer Semester, but please note some courses are only available to current students who are enrolled in a UQ degree.
Past applicants have included:
●current UQ students
●students from other universities, including international students
●professionals
●adults from a range of backgrounds
●high-school students
Which word can best describe the past applicants of Summer Semester
A．Skilled. B．Young. C．Diverse. D．Competent.
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章陷含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。因此，为攻克阅读理解之推理判断题，特推出以下阅读理解题
（一）
Bird expert James Zook has been collecting records on nearly 430 kinds of tropical birds on farms and natural forests in Central America for 18 years. While birds do best in natural rainforests, Zook said some species usually found in forests can establish populations in “diversified farms”.
“In these diversified farms, you see growth over the long term in bird species with specialized needs, which include safe and protected areas from the sun for birds to build their homes and different kinds of food sources. Besides, that kind of farming is very different to industrial agriculture or agriculture where only one crop like pineapple or bananas are planted,” said Nicholas Hendershot in a recent study.
University of California environmental scientist Natalia Ocampo-Penuela, who was not involved in the study, notes that the research provides rare detailed data over a long period, demonstrating that diversified farming can support forest bird populations.
The study reveals that 75 percent of the 305 bird species found in diversified farms showed stable or growing populations over the study period. This includes birds like the collared aracari and members of the manakin family known for their complex mating dances.
Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center scientist Ruth Bennett, although not involved in the research, said, “It’s a huge contribution to have documented that some birds aren’t just going there, but staying there and populations are growing.”
Still, such safe environments, called habitats, do not balance out overall population losses from the creation of large industrial farms from natural forests, the writers warned. Zook compared a large pineapple farm to a “bird desert.”
Increasingly, scientists say saving species will require paying attention to areas affected by humans, not just untouched areas. Ocampo-Penuela says that conservation efforts should extend beyond protected areas to areas where some species can live.
1．What does Nicholas Hendershot say about diversified farms
A．They only provide protected areas for nesting.
B．They support the long-term growth of bird species.
C．They are more beneficial than natural rainforests for birds.
D．They are essential for the survival of endangered bird species.
2．What does Zook focus on in the study
A．The impact of industrial agriculture on bird populations.
B．The life patterns of tropical birds in natural rainforests.
C．The population growth of bird species in diversified farms.
D．The complex mating dances of birds in natural rainforests.
3．What can we infer about large industrial farms in Paragraph 6
A．They protect bird populations from human activities.
B．They have no negative impact on bird populations.
C．They offer bird populations safe environments.
D．They lead to the decline of bird populations.
4．Where does the passage go next
A．Reasons for the loss of bird population in the forest.
B．Measures to save bird species in agricultural areas.
C．Ways to prevent human destruction to farms.
D．Facilities for all kinds of diversified farms.
（二）
A few days before New Year 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U. S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/ MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1,849 missing service member s were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs; according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It’s the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I’ve worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, you’re doing something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
5．What was the telegram about in paragraph 1
A．A New Year dinner. B．Krueger’s disappearance.
C．A birthday greeting. D．John Krueger’s memory.
6．Why did people criticize the previous MIA search process
A．Because DPAA wants to continue the search.
B．Because it took long and lacked creativeness.
C．Because the work was stopped by the military.
D．Because 141 MIAs’ remains were found in 2021.
7．What is Michael Dolski’s attitude to the cooperation with scientists and groups
A．Patient. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A long search for MIAs. B．Achievements of DPAA．
C．Assistance from science. D．Consequences of wars.
（三）
Disney finally has its first young plus-size heroine, and fans across the internet are in high spirits.
“Reflect” is a short film now on Disney about a young ballet dancer named Bianca who struggles with her body image. In the short, Bianca doesn’t want to but has to look at herself in the mirror, checking her posture. Always feeling depressed to find herself fatty and ugly, she almost gives up dancing ballet. Though body positivity and self-acceptance can be easier said than done, eventually, she overcome her negative feelings and dance freely.
Though the film was first released on the platform in September, many social media users are now celebrating “Reflect” as a win for representation among the young.
“16 year old me needed this Disney short before I quit ballet because I didn’t want to be the fat girl in class anymore,” one user on Twitter said. “I’m glad little ones will have this. 10/10 for Reflect!”. “I don’t think you all comprehend, this is my Ariel,” a TikTok user said in a video, titled “Disney, you really got me in my feelings.”
Making the film from the perspective of a dancer, director Hillary Bradfield explained, felt natural. “When people watch the short, I hope that they can feel more positively about themselves and how they look, and feel okay about the tough parts of their journey,” Bradfield said. “Sometimes you go to the dark place to get to the good place. And that just makes the good place that much more beautiful.”
9．Which of the following best describes Bianca
A．Strong-willed B．Ambitious C．Sensitive D．Energetic
10．What does “positivity” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A．posture B．confidence C．figure D．activity
11．Why were the online comments of “Reflect” mentioned
A．To show their favor to “Reflect”.
B．To tell the significance of the short.
C．To give an explanation of “Reflect”.
D．To make a comparison with other movies.
12．What message does the author intend to convey
A．Hard work will pay off.
B．Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．It’s self-acceptance that really counts.
（四）
Photosynthesis (光合作用) is a unique skill of green plants — they turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and food via sunlight. A group of Chinese scientists, however, “copied” the process on animals.
To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose (葡萄糖). The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
In the study, the researchers from Zhejiang University developed an independent and controllable photosynthetic system, according to the study published in Nature in early December. They separated thylakoids, a part of the cell where light reactions take place in plants, from young spinach (菠菜) leaves. The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies.
The mice used in the study were suffering from arthritis (关节炎) meaning cells in their cartilage had degenerated and could not be repaired by themselves. With the thylakoids implanted into the mice and exposed to light, the mice recovered. Their metabolism (新陈代谢) returned to normal.
In arthritis, the patients usually have energy loss since fewer energy-carrying molecules are generated. The implant, however, can correct the imbalance by storing more energy via photosynthesis.
The researchers also claimed that their tests would have medical usage. “It can be used as part of solution for degenerative diseases because the natural photosynthesis system may repair cells. It may also delay the aging process in cells. The study showed an exciting achievement that opens up possibilities of metabolism engineering,” commented one of the paper’s reviewers Francisco Cejudo from the University of Seville in Spain, reported Xinhua.
13．Why does the author mention the way photosynthesis works in Paragraph 2
A．To help us understand how scientists apply the principle to animals.
B．To explain to us the definition of photosynthesis.
C．To prove plants’ ability to release the oxygen back into the air.
D．To show us how plants turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen.
14．Why did researchers cover thylakoids with animal cells
A．To lead to light reactions. B．To provide them with nutrition.
C．To prevent them from degeneration. D．To help them work better in foreign bodies.
15．How will the implant help patients with arthritis
A．By repairing a broken metabolism. B．By getting rid of degenerated cells.
C．By helping maintain energy balance. D．By offering energy-carrying molecules.
16．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A．Suggestions for future studies. B．The significance of the study.
C．The limitations of the study. D．Other findings of the study.
