2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题练习（有答案解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题练习（有答案解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-12 19:30:24 | ||
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Passage 1
I met an author and civil rights hero who changed the world at the age of six. Ruby Bridges became the first black student to attend an all White school in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1960.
The civil rights hero's courage is now recognized yearly on Ruby Bridges Walk to School Day. We spoke at a school in Alameda, California, where students participated in the event and also got a chance to meet Bridges. I asked her about the spirit behind the day, which included more than 325，000 schoolchildren nationwide this year.
“There was a fifth grade class，” Bridges explained, “and a very special student who was so connected to my story. She said, ‘Ruby Bridges should have her own holiday.’”
That was in 2018. The students wrote to the state government. After three years of effort, Ruby Bridges Walk to School Day was established in California. Bridges hopes that it will become nationwide. “If it does，” she added, “I want it to really mean something.”
Bridges imagines a day of dialogue, where students can sit down and really talk about how they can make a difference in the world. Just one small act, like cleaning up a park or helping feed people, she added, would be meaningful.
We also talked about IAmRubyBridges, her latest book. I asked Bridges how it differed from other stories she wrote.
“What a lot of people don't know is that I have a sense of humor，” Bridges said. “So I thought, ‘I'm going to write this particular version of my story and how funny my thoughts were.’”
More than 60 years ago, Bridges changed the world with her walking into an all White school. Her quest for social justice continues. “I will bridge the gap between Blacks and Whites，” she said, “and hopefully between all people.” Students today are hoping to follow in her footsteps.
1．How did Bridges change the world
A．She went to an all White school. B．She wrote a series of books.
C. She helped children's education. D. She struggled for human rights.
2．Why did Bridges mention a very special student
A．She was looked down upon. B．She liked holidays very much.
C．She led a struggle against the state. D．She suggested setting the day.
3．How is IAmRubyBridges
A．Moving. B．Rewarding.
C．Creative. D．Funny.
4．What can we infer from Bridges' words in the last paragraph
A．She changed the education system. B．She helped more black children attend school.
C．She hopes everyone can live in harmony. D．She encourages students to follow in her footsteps.
Passage 2
A group of students in New Hampshire sent a roughly one meter long boat into the Atlantic. The boat was called the Rye Riptides, named for Rye Junior High School. The path to the Rye Riptides' incredible long journey began in August 2018 after the school's then fifth grade science teacher Sheila Adams purchased elements of a boat from an organization, Educational Passages. The non profit organization's purpose is to increase environmental knowledge through the study of oceans.
The Rye Riptides was launched into the Gulf Stream off the coast of Florida, the US on October 25, 2020. Thanks to the boat's GPS tracker, Adams and her students were able to plot its journey across the Atlantic Ocean on a map. However, on September 30, 2021, after sending a message from the same latitude (纬度) as Ireland, the transmitter went silent. The students thought the boat was probably destroyed by massive Atlantic Ocean waves.
But they were wrong. On January 30，2022, exactly four months after the last transmission, Adams got an update—the Rye Riptides had landed on the western coast of a small island in Norway. Adams connected with a local school in Norway, asking if they could assist in the boat's recovery. The request, posted on the school's community page, caught the attention of a sixth grader Karel Nuncic.
On February 1, 2022, Nuncic and his parents traveled to the small island by boat to find the boat. The sixth grader cleaned off the barnacles (藤壶) on its surface and took the boat to school to explore its treasures with classmates. A few days later, an excited group of Rye Junior High School students connected virtually with the Norwegians to discuss the discovery and ask questions about their lifestyle and culture.
1．How long did the boat's journey last
A．Half a year. B．A whole year.
C．About one year and three months. D．About two years and three months.
2．Where did the boat end up
A．Norway. B．The US.
C．The Atlantic. C．Ireland.
3．What did Karel Nuncic learn from his school's community page
A．A letter of thanks. B．A request for help.
C．A notice of looking for a robot. D．A message of making friends.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．An International Cultural Exchange
B．An Adventurous Travel Around the World
C．An Interesting School's Community Page
D．A One Meter Long Boat and Its Long Journey
Passage 3
A new study has found that tools designed to warn drivers and automatically stop vehicles in emergency situations helped reduce crashes by about 50 percent. The study is one of the largest of its kind to examine the effectiveness of driver assistance systems.
The research was carried out by the Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety (PARTS). The organization is a partnership between automakers and the US Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
For the study, numerous automobile manufacturers supplied vehicle equipment data on 93 different vehicle models from 2015 to 2020. This information was combined with data collected on more than 12 million police reported crashes in 13 American states.
One of the technologies studied is called Forward Collision Warning. Collision is another word for crash. This system uses cameras, radar and other technology tools to gather information on safe driving distances. It warns drivers if their vehicle is getting too close to other vehicles ahead.
Another related driver assistance tool is known as automatic emergency braking (制动) . This system is designed to identify possible crash dangers involving vehicles ahead. The tool can automatically slow or stop a vehicle if it senses the immediate danger of a crash.
The PARTS group's study found that front to rear crashes were reduced by 49 percent when the striking vehicles had both forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking. The systems also reduced crashes resulting in injuries by 53 percent.
The research also suggested automatic braking system performs well in many situations, including poor weather and low light conditions.
The study also found that vehicles equipped with technologies designed to keep vehicles in their driving lane (车道) are effective in reducing single vehicle crashes that lead to serious injuries. Many automakers now include this kind of technology on some vehicle models. It is designed to automatically keep a vehicle centered in lanes of traffic. The study found these tools reduced crashes involving vehicles leaving the roadway by eight percent.
1．Which of the following can best describe the tools of car safety
A．Effective. B．Convenient.
C．Expensive. D．Useless.
2．When does forward collision warning give warnings
A．The driver drives the car carelessly. B．The car gets into trouble.
C．The driver is sleepy while driving. D．The car is too near to the front car.
3．What does the underlined word “rear” in Paragraph 6 mean
A．Top. B．Side.
C．Back. D．Bottom.
4．How does the technology discussed in the last paragraph function
A．It warns the driver to drive safely. B．It prevents cars knocking another.
C．It keeps cars running in the driveway. D．It leads the car to run itself on the road.
Passage 4
William Gadoury has been fascinated by the Mayans for most of his childhood, ever since his grandpa bought him books from Mexico about the civilization. What started as a hobby at age 12 snowballed into serious research, and he thought that the locations of Mayan cities might match stars in Mayan constellations (星座).
Using ancient books, known as the MadridCodex, Gadoury analyzed 22 Mayan constellation maps and overlaid (覆盖) the positions onto Google Earth images of the Yucatán Peninsula, which to this day is home to large native populations and some of the best preserved architecture from Mayan culture.
He would trace the constellations from Google Earth using transparent (透明的) sheets, overlaying them onto the position of Mayan cities on a paper map. The teen was able to show that 117 Mayan cities matched up with the position of the stars, with the brightest stars representing bigger cities, such as Chichen Itza and Uxmal.
But when Gadoury was working on the 23rd Mayan constellation, he found a disagreement: three stars, but only two ancient cities on Google Earth. The third star pointed to a location that was on the Mexico Belize border. However, the area was covered with thick jungle, leaving Gadoury puzzled.
Luckily, the teen had won a science competition with the Canadian Space Agency, and he was able to ask the agency for images from their satellite and eventually inferred that there was indeed a city there.
Gadoury's findings eventually took him into the jungle to search on foot, along with archaeologist Francisco Estrada Belli. The team discovered a farming settlement deep in the Mexican jungle, which showed the “backbone” of the Maya's long term success.
“What I admired most about Gadoury was his curiosity，” Kathryn Reese Taylor, Professor of Archaeology, said. “I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can't imagine it or if you can't think of it, you can't look for it.”
1．What got Gadoury to be interested in the Mayans
A．His grandpa's gifts. B．His great curiosity.
C．His visit to Mexico. D．His grandpa's love.
2．Which aspect of the stars indicates the size of the city
A．Their shapes. B．Their positions.
C．Their distances. D．Their brightness.
3．How did Gadoury confirm the position of a lost Mayan city
A．By analyzing Google Earth. B．By observing stars in space.
C．By studying satellite pictures. D．By going to seek it in person.
4．What does Reese Taylor stress as far as science is concerned
A．Hard work. B．Curiosity and imagination.
C．Serious attitude. D．Confidence and courage.
Passage 5
TheWomanKing is an African story told in the form of a Hollywood historical movie. The movie has won acclaim for its acting, directing, and for dealing with the idea of female political power excellently. In the movie, women, led by General Nanisca, fight a war that men cannot.
The film takes place in the 1800s in the Kingdom of Dahomey. Today the same area is known as Abomey. The story about female soldiers and General Nanisca has been told over a long period of time in Abomey and in the rest of the country of Benin.
Nan Zognidi is the present day queen mother of Abomey. She says she teaches young people the same values that the female soldiers held: Girls are equal to boys; girls are as able as boys. “They have the same abilities as boys，” she says.
Zognidi's position of queen mother is fully ceremonial (礼仪性的). It helps bring foreign visitors to the area. But before she became queen mother, Zognidi was a women's rights activist.
Now, she runs a program to teach girls trades (手艺) that support financial independence. She teaches the history and culture of Benin. She also teaches leadership to young people. One of these young people is 13 year old Pkadomi Sylvestre. She said the queen mother taught her how to work on political activities for women's empowerment.
The United Nations has said Africa needs more of the examples set by the female soldiers of Abomey. That statement comes from UN Women, an arm of the United Nations dedicated to female empowerment.
“Women who are related to politics are not usually positively seen by society，” says Soulef Guessoum, Regional Adviser at UN Women. She notes that, in Africa, women make up 25 percent of the elected assembly (议会). That number is less than the 30 percent target set by the UN in 1995. And it is far below the 50 percent that many consider the final goal.
1．What does the underlined word “acclaim” in the first paragraph mean
A．Respect. B．Reward.
C．Praise. D．Fortune.
2．What do Nanisca and Zognidi have in common
A．They value females. B．They win in the war.
C．They look down upon males. D．They have limitless power.
3．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 5
A．Why Zognidi is loved by young people. B．How Zognidi benefits tourism.
C．When Zognidi's program is founded. D．What Zognidi's program does.
4．What are the numbers in the last paragraph about
A．Females needing support. B．Female politicians.
C．Females working for the UN. D．Females who can vote.
Passage 6
Mauna Loa, the world's largest active volcano, erupted again. Melted rock, called lava (熔岩), from the volcano in Hawaii slowly moved towards roads and homes.
People asked if anything could be done to stop or change the direction of the lava's flow. Over the years, people have tried to slow the flow of lava from Hawaii's volcanoes using prayer, walls, and even bombs.
People have rarely had success in stopping lava. Even with technological progress, stopping lava is difficult and dependent on the speed of the flow and the land. But many in Hawaii question whether anyone should challenge nature.
Attempts to divert (使转向) lava have a long history in Hawaii. In 1881, the governor of Hawaii Island called for a day of prayer to stop lava from Mauna Loa as it headed for the town of Hilo. But the lava kept coming.
Later, Thomas A. Jaggar, the founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, asked the US Army to send airplanes to bomb a Mauna Loa vent to destroy the lava. A volcanic vent is a place on the Earth's surface where lava or gas can escape. The army dropped 20 bombs weighing 272 kilograms.
Jaggar said the bombing helped to stop the flow. But geologists today don't quite agree. The lava flow did not end with the bombing. Instead, the flows slowed over the next few days and did not change paths.
“Quickly moving lava flows, like those from Kilauea Volcano in 2018, would be more difficult to stop，” said Scott Rowland, a geologist at the University of Hawaii. He said he believed most people in Hawaii would not want to build a wall to protect the highway.
Kealoha Pisciotta is a Native Hawaiian cultural practitioner. She said people needed to change to the lava, not the other way around. “We are not separate from nature，” she said. “We are part of nature.”
1．Why did Jaggar ask the army to drop bombs
A．To create a way for the lava. B．To slow the speed of the lava.
C．To build up a hole to trap the lava. D．To stop a volcano from erupting.
2．What is geologists' attitude towards the bombing
A．Critical. B．Grateful.
C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
3．How should we deal with a volcano in Kealoha's opinion
A．Leave it as it is. B．Reduce its damage.
C．Build a wall to stop it. D．Enjoy its great power.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Hawaii Volcano Erupts Again B．Stopping Volcanic Eruption Is Not Easy
C．Prayers Failed to Stop Lava D．Hawaiians Disagree to Disturb Volcanos
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了美国民权活动家Ruby Bridges的事迹。她为美国种族隔离的终结做出了贡献。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Bridges六岁时便改变了世界，而那时她是第一个进入美国路易斯安那州新奥尔良市的一所全白人学校的黑人学生。再结合最后一段第一句可知，60多年前，Bridges走进了一所全白人学校，这改变了世界。由此可知，身为黑人的Bridges进入全白人学校上学这件事改变了世界。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，一名非常特别的学生认为Bridges应该有自己的节日，并和同学一起向政府写信建议为Bridges设立节日，后来Ruby Bridges Walk to School Day在美国加利福尼亚州设立。因此，Bridges提到这名非常特别的学生是因为她提议设立这个节日。
3．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第七段可知，Bridges认为自己有幽默感，且她的新书IAmRubyBridges里记载了她有趣的想法。因此，Bridges的新书很有趣。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句可知，Bridges表示她会消除黑人和白人之间的隔阂，还希望能消除所有人之间的隔阂。由此可推知，Bridges希望所有人都能和睦相处。
【语篇解读】 美国东北部新罕布什尔州的学生将一只小船送入大西洋。这是一项学校实验，目的是观察洋流会把这只大约一米长的船带去哪里。历经四百多个日夜后，这只船在挪威的一个小岛上出现。
1．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，这只小船于2020年10月25日出发。再根据最后两段可知，2022年1月30日，这只小船出现在挪威的一个小岛上，2022年2月1日，Nuncic和父母找到了这只船。因此，这只小船的旅程历时约一年零三个月。
2．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，这只小船在挪威一个小岛的西海岸登陆。也就是说，它的终点在挪威。
3．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，Adams联系了挪威当地的一所学校，询问他们是否可以帮忙打捞船只；这一条发布在学校社区页面上的请求引起了六年级学生Karel Nuncic的注意。由此可知，Karel Nuncic看到了请求帮助的帖子。
4．答案与解析：D 标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文以时间为线索介绍了一只小船起航、途径位置以及到达终点的情况，故D项（一只一米长的船和它的长途旅行）为本文的最佳标题。
【语篇解读】 一项新的研究发现，用于警告司机并在紧急情况下自动停车的工具有助于减少约50%的撞车事故。本文对此进行了介绍。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知：一项新的研究发现，用于警告司机并在紧急情况下自动停车的工具有助于减少约50%的撞车事故；这项研究是同类研究中最大型的一项，目的是检查驾驶辅助系统的有效性。由此可知，此类工具是有效的。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，如果他们的车辆与前面的其他车辆靠得太近，此系统会向司机发出警告。
3．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句可知，自动紧急制动系统旨在识别与前方车辆可能发生碰撞的危险。再根据画线词前的front可推知，此处指减少49%的前后碰撞。因此，此处rear与back的意思相近。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，它的设计是为了自动让车辆保持在车道的中心位置，即它能让汽车保持在车道上行驶。
【语篇解读】 William Gadoury从小就对玛雅文明着迷不已，这位聪明的年轻人甚至根据玛雅古书中记载的星座图分析并推论出了玛雅古城的位置。本文对此进行了介绍。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，自从William Gadoury的爷爷从墨西哥给他买了关于玛雅文明的书，他在童年大部分的时光里都对玛雅人着迷，即他爷爷的礼物让Gadoury对玛雅人产生兴趣。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，这位少年能够证明，117座玛雅城市与星星的位置相匹配，最亮的星星代表较大的城市。由此可知，星星的亮度代表城市的大小。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Gadoury曾经赢得加拿大航天局的科学竞赛，他能够向该机构要来来自其卫星上的图像，并最终推断出那里确实有一座城市。也就是说，他通过研究卫星图片确定了消失的玛雅城市的位置。
4．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Reese Taylor说的话可知，她最欣赏Gadoury的好奇心，并且认为想象力在科学中真的很重要。由此可推知，她认为在研究科学方面，好奇心和想象力很重要。
【语篇解读】 《女国王》是一部以好莱坞历史电影形式讲述非洲故事的电影。在电影中，女性在Nanisca将军的带领下，进行了一场男性无法进行的战争。Nan Zognidi是阿波美当今的太后，她向年轻人传授与女战士相同的价值观：女孩与男孩平等，女孩和男孩一样有能力。本文通过这两位杰出女性的例子强调了女性的力量。
1．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容并结合常识可知，这部电影凭借（演员的）表演、导演以及出色地处理女性政治权力的概念而赢得“赞誉”。此处acclaim与praise是同义词，意为“赞扬”。
2．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Nanisca将军带领女性进行了一场男性无法进行的战争。根据第三段可知，Zognidi教给年轻人的价值观是男女平等，女孩和男孩一样有能力。因此，两人都重视女性。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Zognidi开展了一项计划，教女孩们手艺让她们经济独立，她还教授年轻人领导能力，传授如何从事政治活动以赋权于女性。因此，第五段主要介绍了计划的内容。
4．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Guessoum认为与政治有关的女性通常不被社会认可，在非洲，女性占当选议员的25%，这一数字低于联合国1995年设定的30%的目标，也远低于许多人认为的50%的最终目标。由此可知，这些数字是关于女性政治家的。
【语篇解读】 世界上最大的活火山冒纳罗亚火山再次喷发，人们想知道有什么办法可以阻止熔岩流动或改变熔岩流动的方向。但其实即使技术有了进步，阻止熔岩流动也是困难的，而且这要取决于熔岩流动的速度和陆地。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Jaggar要求美国军队派飞机轰炸冒纳罗亚火山的一个喷发口，以破坏熔岩。下文指出火山口是地球表面熔岩或气体逸出的地方。因此，Jaggar让军队投炸弹是为了阻止火山的喷发。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第六段可知：Jaggar说轰炸有助于阻止岩浆流动，但如今地质学家并不完全同意这个观点；熔岩流并没有随着爆炸而结束，也没有改变路径。也就是说，地质学家对轰炸方法持怀疑态度。
3．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Kealoha认为人们需要适应熔岩，而不是反过来改变熔岩，并表示人也是自然的一部分。由此可推知，对于火山，Kealoha认为应该听其自然。
4．答案与解析：B 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章通过几个处理火山爆发的例子指出阻止熔岩流动或改变熔岩流动的方向是很难成功的。因此，B项（阻止火山爆发并非易事）最适合作本文的标题。
I met an author and civil rights hero who changed the world at the age of six. Ruby Bridges became the first black student to attend an all White school in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1960.
The civil rights hero's courage is now recognized yearly on Ruby Bridges Walk to School Day. We spoke at a school in Alameda, California, where students participated in the event and also got a chance to meet Bridges. I asked her about the spirit behind the day, which included more than 325，000 schoolchildren nationwide this year.
“There was a fifth grade class，” Bridges explained, “and a very special student who was so connected to my story. She said, ‘Ruby Bridges should have her own holiday.’”
That was in 2018. The students wrote to the state government. After three years of effort, Ruby Bridges Walk to School Day was established in California. Bridges hopes that it will become nationwide. “If it does，” she added, “I want it to really mean something.”
Bridges imagines a day of dialogue, where students can sit down and really talk about how they can make a difference in the world. Just one small act, like cleaning up a park or helping feed people, she added, would be meaningful.
We also talked about IAmRubyBridges, her latest book. I asked Bridges how it differed from other stories she wrote.
“What a lot of people don't know is that I have a sense of humor，” Bridges said. “So I thought, ‘I'm going to write this particular version of my story and how funny my thoughts were.’”
More than 60 years ago, Bridges changed the world with her walking into an all White school. Her quest for social justice continues. “I will bridge the gap between Blacks and Whites，” she said, “and hopefully between all people.” Students today are hoping to follow in her footsteps.
1．How did Bridges change the world
A．She went to an all White school. B．She wrote a series of books.
C. She helped children's education. D. She struggled for human rights.
2．Why did Bridges mention a very special student
A．She was looked down upon. B．She liked holidays very much.
C．She led a struggle against the state. D．She suggested setting the day.
3．How is IAmRubyBridges
A．Moving. B．Rewarding.
C．Creative. D．Funny.
4．What can we infer from Bridges' words in the last paragraph
A．She changed the education system. B．She helped more black children attend school.
C．She hopes everyone can live in harmony. D．She encourages students to follow in her footsteps.
Passage 2
A group of students in New Hampshire sent a roughly one meter long boat into the Atlantic. The boat was called the Rye Riptides, named for Rye Junior High School. The path to the Rye Riptides' incredible long journey began in August 2018 after the school's then fifth grade science teacher Sheila Adams purchased elements of a boat from an organization, Educational Passages. The non profit organization's purpose is to increase environmental knowledge through the study of oceans.
The Rye Riptides was launched into the Gulf Stream off the coast of Florida, the US on October 25, 2020. Thanks to the boat's GPS tracker, Adams and her students were able to plot its journey across the Atlantic Ocean on a map. However, on September 30, 2021, after sending a message from the same latitude (纬度) as Ireland, the transmitter went silent. The students thought the boat was probably destroyed by massive Atlantic Ocean waves.
But they were wrong. On January 30，2022, exactly four months after the last transmission, Adams got an update—the Rye Riptides had landed on the western coast of a small island in Norway. Adams connected with a local school in Norway, asking if they could assist in the boat's recovery. The request, posted on the school's community page, caught the attention of a sixth grader Karel Nuncic.
On February 1, 2022, Nuncic and his parents traveled to the small island by boat to find the boat. The sixth grader cleaned off the barnacles (藤壶) on its surface and took the boat to school to explore its treasures with classmates. A few days later, an excited group of Rye Junior High School students connected virtually with the Norwegians to discuss the discovery and ask questions about their lifestyle and culture.
1．How long did the boat's journey last
A．Half a year. B．A whole year.
C．About one year and three months. D．About two years and three months.
2．Where did the boat end up
A．Norway. B．The US.
C．The Atlantic. C．Ireland.
3．What did Karel Nuncic learn from his school's community page
A．A letter of thanks. B．A request for help.
C．A notice of looking for a robot. D．A message of making friends.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．An International Cultural Exchange
B．An Adventurous Travel Around the World
C．An Interesting School's Community Page
D．A One Meter Long Boat and Its Long Journey
Passage 3
A new study has found that tools designed to warn drivers and automatically stop vehicles in emergency situations helped reduce crashes by about 50 percent. The study is one of the largest of its kind to examine the effectiveness of driver assistance systems.
The research was carried out by the Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety (PARTS). The organization is a partnership between automakers and the US Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
For the study, numerous automobile manufacturers supplied vehicle equipment data on 93 different vehicle models from 2015 to 2020. This information was combined with data collected on more than 12 million police reported crashes in 13 American states.
One of the technologies studied is called Forward Collision Warning. Collision is another word for crash. This system uses cameras, radar and other technology tools to gather information on safe driving distances. It warns drivers if their vehicle is getting too close to other vehicles ahead.
Another related driver assistance tool is known as automatic emergency braking (制动) . This system is designed to identify possible crash dangers involving vehicles ahead. The tool can automatically slow or stop a vehicle if it senses the immediate danger of a crash.
The PARTS group's study found that front to rear crashes were reduced by 49 percent when the striking vehicles had both forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking. The systems also reduced crashes resulting in injuries by 53 percent.
The research also suggested automatic braking system performs well in many situations, including poor weather and low light conditions.
The study also found that vehicles equipped with technologies designed to keep vehicles in their driving lane (车道) are effective in reducing single vehicle crashes that lead to serious injuries. Many automakers now include this kind of technology on some vehicle models. It is designed to automatically keep a vehicle centered in lanes of traffic. The study found these tools reduced crashes involving vehicles leaving the roadway by eight percent.
1．Which of the following can best describe the tools of car safety
A．Effective. B．Convenient.
C．Expensive. D．Useless.
2．When does forward collision warning give warnings
A．The driver drives the car carelessly. B．The car gets into trouble.
C．The driver is sleepy while driving. D．The car is too near to the front car.
3．What does the underlined word “rear” in Paragraph 6 mean
A．Top. B．Side.
C．Back. D．Bottom.
4．How does the technology discussed in the last paragraph function
A．It warns the driver to drive safely. B．It prevents cars knocking another.
C．It keeps cars running in the driveway. D．It leads the car to run itself on the road.
Passage 4
William Gadoury has been fascinated by the Mayans for most of his childhood, ever since his grandpa bought him books from Mexico about the civilization. What started as a hobby at age 12 snowballed into serious research, and he thought that the locations of Mayan cities might match stars in Mayan constellations (星座).
Using ancient books, known as the MadridCodex, Gadoury analyzed 22 Mayan constellation maps and overlaid (覆盖) the positions onto Google Earth images of the Yucatán Peninsula, which to this day is home to large native populations and some of the best preserved architecture from Mayan culture.
He would trace the constellations from Google Earth using transparent (透明的) sheets, overlaying them onto the position of Mayan cities on a paper map. The teen was able to show that 117 Mayan cities matched up with the position of the stars, with the brightest stars representing bigger cities, such as Chichen Itza and Uxmal.
But when Gadoury was working on the 23rd Mayan constellation, he found a disagreement: three stars, but only two ancient cities on Google Earth. The third star pointed to a location that was on the Mexico Belize border. However, the area was covered with thick jungle, leaving Gadoury puzzled.
Luckily, the teen had won a science competition with the Canadian Space Agency, and he was able to ask the agency for images from their satellite and eventually inferred that there was indeed a city there.
Gadoury's findings eventually took him into the jungle to search on foot, along with archaeologist Francisco Estrada Belli. The team discovered a farming settlement deep in the Mexican jungle, which showed the “backbone” of the Maya's long term success.
“What I admired most about Gadoury was his curiosity，” Kathryn Reese Taylor, Professor of Archaeology, said. “I think that he showed a lot of curiosity as well as imagination. And I think imagination is really important in science, because if you can't imagine it or if you can't think of it, you can't look for it.”
1．What got Gadoury to be interested in the Mayans
A．His grandpa's gifts. B．His great curiosity.
C．His visit to Mexico. D．His grandpa's love.
2．Which aspect of the stars indicates the size of the city
A．Their shapes. B．Their positions.
C．Their distances. D．Their brightness.
3．How did Gadoury confirm the position of a lost Mayan city
A．By analyzing Google Earth. B．By observing stars in space.
C．By studying satellite pictures. D．By going to seek it in person.
4．What does Reese Taylor stress as far as science is concerned
A．Hard work. B．Curiosity and imagination.
C．Serious attitude. D．Confidence and courage.
Passage 5
TheWomanKing is an African story told in the form of a Hollywood historical movie. The movie has won acclaim for its acting, directing, and for dealing with the idea of female political power excellently. In the movie, women, led by General Nanisca, fight a war that men cannot.
The film takes place in the 1800s in the Kingdom of Dahomey. Today the same area is known as Abomey. The story about female soldiers and General Nanisca has been told over a long period of time in Abomey and in the rest of the country of Benin.
Nan Zognidi is the present day queen mother of Abomey. She says she teaches young people the same values that the female soldiers held: Girls are equal to boys; girls are as able as boys. “They have the same abilities as boys，” she says.
Zognidi's position of queen mother is fully ceremonial (礼仪性的). It helps bring foreign visitors to the area. But before she became queen mother, Zognidi was a women's rights activist.
Now, she runs a program to teach girls trades (手艺) that support financial independence. She teaches the history and culture of Benin. She also teaches leadership to young people. One of these young people is 13 year old Pkadomi Sylvestre. She said the queen mother taught her how to work on political activities for women's empowerment.
The United Nations has said Africa needs more of the examples set by the female soldiers of Abomey. That statement comes from UN Women, an arm of the United Nations dedicated to female empowerment.
“Women who are related to politics are not usually positively seen by society，” says Soulef Guessoum, Regional Adviser at UN Women. She notes that, in Africa, women make up 25 percent of the elected assembly (议会). That number is less than the 30 percent target set by the UN in 1995. And it is far below the 50 percent that many consider the final goal.
1．What does the underlined word “acclaim” in the first paragraph mean
A．Respect. B．Reward.
C．Praise. D．Fortune.
2．What do Nanisca and Zognidi have in common
A．They value females. B．They win in the war.
C．They look down upon males. D．They have limitless power.
3．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 5
A．Why Zognidi is loved by young people. B．How Zognidi benefits tourism.
C．When Zognidi's program is founded. D．What Zognidi's program does.
4．What are the numbers in the last paragraph about
A．Females needing support. B．Female politicians.
C．Females working for the UN. D．Females who can vote.
Passage 6
Mauna Loa, the world's largest active volcano, erupted again. Melted rock, called lava (熔岩), from the volcano in Hawaii slowly moved towards roads and homes.
People asked if anything could be done to stop or change the direction of the lava's flow. Over the years, people have tried to slow the flow of lava from Hawaii's volcanoes using prayer, walls, and even bombs.
People have rarely had success in stopping lava. Even with technological progress, stopping lava is difficult and dependent on the speed of the flow and the land. But many in Hawaii question whether anyone should challenge nature.
Attempts to divert (使转向) lava have a long history in Hawaii. In 1881, the governor of Hawaii Island called for a day of prayer to stop lava from Mauna Loa as it headed for the town of Hilo. But the lava kept coming.
Later, Thomas A. Jaggar, the founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, asked the US Army to send airplanes to bomb a Mauna Loa vent to destroy the lava. A volcanic vent is a place on the Earth's surface where lava or gas can escape. The army dropped 20 bombs weighing 272 kilograms.
Jaggar said the bombing helped to stop the flow. But geologists today don't quite agree. The lava flow did not end with the bombing. Instead, the flows slowed over the next few days and did not change paths.
“Quickly moving lava flows, like those from Kilauea Volcano in 2018, would be more difficult to stop，” said Scott Rowland, a geologist at the University of Hawaii. He said he believed most people in Hawaii would not want to build a wall to protect the highway.
Kealoha Pisciotta is a Native Hawaiian cultural practitioner. She said people needed to change to the lava, not the other way around. “We are not separate from nature，” she said. “We are part of nature.”
1．Why did Jaggar ask the army to drop bombs
A．To create a way for the lava. B．To slow the speed of the lava.
C．To build up a hole to trap the lava. D．To stop a volcano from erupting.
2．What is geologists' attitude towards the bombing
A．Critical. B．Grateful.
C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
3．How should we deal with a volcano in Kealoha's opinion
A．Leave it as it is. B．Reduce its damage.
C．Build a wall to stop it. D．Enjoy its great power.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Hawaii Volcano Erupts Again B．Stopping Volcanic Eruption Is Not Easy
C．Prayers Failed to Stop Lava D．Hawaiians Disagree to Disturb Volcanos
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了美国民权活动家Ruby Bridges的事迹。她为美国种族隔离的终结做出了贡献。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Bridges六岁时便改变了世界，而那时她是第一个进入美国路易斯安那州新奥尔良市的一所全白人学校的黑人学生。再结合最后一段第一句可知，60多年前，Bridges走进了一所全白人学校，这改变了世界。由此可知，身为黑人的Bridges进入全白人学校上学这件事改变了世界。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，一名非常特别的学生认为Bridges应该有自己的节日，并和同学一起向政府写信建议为Bridges设立节日，后来Ruby Bridges Walk to School Day在美国加利福尼亚州设立。因此，Bridges提到这名非常特别的学生是因为她提议设立这个节日。
3．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第七段可知，Bridges认为自己有幽默感，且她的新书IAmRubyBridges里记载了她有趣的想法。因此，Bridges的新书很有趣。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句可知，Bridges表示她会消除黑人和白人之间的隔阂，还希望能消除所有人之间的隔阂。由此可推知，Bridges希望所有人都能和睦相处。
【语篇解读】 美国东北部新罕布什尔州的学生将一只小船送入大西洋。这是一项学校实验，目的是观察洋流会把这只大约一米长的船带去哪里。历经四百多个日夜后，这只船在挪威的一个小岛上出现。
1．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，这只小船于2020年10月25日出发。再根据最后两段可知，2022年1月30日，这只小船出现在挪威的一个小岛上，2022年2月1日，Nuncic和父母找到了这只船。因此，这只小船的旅程历时约一年零三个月。
2．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，这只小船在挪威一个小岛的西海岸登陆。也就是说，它的终点在挪威。
3．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，Adams联系了挪威当地的一所学校，询问他们是否可以帮忙打捞船只；这一条发布在学校社区页面上的请求引起了六年级学生Karel Nuncic的注意。由此可知，Karel Nuncic看到了请求帮助的帖子。
4．答案与解析：D 标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文以时间为线索介绍了一只小船起航、途径位置以及到达终点的情况，故D项（一只一米长的船和它的长途旅行）为本文的最佳标题。
【语篇解读】 一项新的研究发现，用于警告司机并在紧急情况下自动停车的工具有助于减少约50%的撞车事故。本文对此进行了介绍。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知：一项新的研究发现，用于警告司机并在紧急情况下自动停车的工具有助于减少约50%的撞车事故；这项研究是同类研究中最大型的一项，目的是检查驾驶辅助系统的有效性。由此可知，此类工具是有效的。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，如果他们的车辆与前面的其他车辆靠得太近，此系统会向司机发出警告。
3．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句可知，自动紧急制动系统旨在识别与前方车辆可能发生碰撞的危险。再根据画线词前的front可推知，此处指减少49%的前后碰撞。因此，此处rear与back的意思相近。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，它的设计是为了自动让车辆保持在车道的中心位置，即它能让汽车保持在车道上行驶。
【语篇解读】 William Gadoury从小就对玛雅文明着迷不已，这位聪明的年轻人甚至根据玛雅古书中记载的星座图分析并推论出了玛雅古城的位置。本文对此进行了介绍。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，自从William Gadoury的爷爷从墨西哥给他买了关于玛雅文明的书，他在童年大部分的时光里都对玛雅人着迷，即他爷爷的礼物让Gadoury对玛雅人产生兴趣。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，这位少年能够证明，117座玛雅城市与星星的位置相匹配，最亮的星星代表较大的城市。由此可知，星星的亮度代表城市的大小。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Gadoury曾经赢得加拿大航天局的科学竞赛，他能够向该机构要来来自其卫星上的图像，并最终推断出那里确实有一座城市。也就是说，他通过研究卫星图片确定了消失的玛雅城市的位置。
4．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Reese Taylor说的话可知，她最欣赏Gadoury的好奇心，并且认为想象力在科学中真的很重要。由此可推知，她认为在研究科学方面，好奇心和想象力很重要。
【语篇解读】 《女国王》是一部以好莱坞历史电影形式讲述非洲故事的电影。在电影中，女性在Nanisca将军的带领下，进行了一场男性无法进行的战争。Nan Zognidi是阿波美当今的太后，她向年轻人传授与女战士相同的价值观：女孩与男孩平等，女孩和男孩一样有能力。本文通过这两位杰出女性的例子强调了女性的力量。
1．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容并结合常识可知，这部电影凭借（演员的）表演、导演以及出色地处理女性政治权力的概念而赢得“赞誉”。此处acclaim与praise是同义词，意为“赞扬”。
2．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Nanisca将军带领女性进行了一场男性无法进行的战争。根据第三段可知，Zognidi教给年轻人的价值观是男女平等，女孩和男孩一样有能力。因此，两人都重视女性。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Zognidi开展了一项计划，教女孩们手艺让她们经济独立，她还教授年轻人领导能力，传授如何从事政治活动以赋权于女性。因此，第五段主要介绍了计划的内容。
4．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Guessoum认为与政治有关的女性通常不被社会认可，在非洲，女性占当选议员的25%，这一数字低于联合国1995年设定的30%的目标，也远低于许多人认为的50%的最终目标。由此可知，这些数字是关于女性政治家的。
【语篇解读】 世界上最大的活火山冒纳罗亚火山再次喷发，人们想知道有什么办法可以阻止熔岩流动或改变熔岩流动的方向。但其实即使技术有了进步，阻止熔岩流动也是困难的，而且这要取决于熔岩流动的速度和陆地。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Jaggar要求美国军队派飞机轰炸冒纳罗亚火山的一个喷发口，以破坏熔岩。下文指出火山口是地球表面熔岩或气体逸出的地方。因此，Jaggar让军队投炸弹是为了阻止火山的喷发。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第六段可知：Jaggar说轰炸有助于阻止岩浆流动，但如今地质学家并不完全同意这个观点；熔岩流并没有随着爆炸而结束，也没有改变路径。也就是说，地质学家对轰炸方法持怀疑态度。
3．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Kealoha认为人们需要适应熔岩，而不是反过来改变熔岩，并表示人也是自然的一部分。由此可推知，对于火山，Kealoha认为应该听其自然。
4．答案与解析：B 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章通过几个处理火山爆发的例子指出阻止熔岩流动或改变熔岩流动的方向是很难成功的。因此，B项（阻止火山爆发并非易事）最适合作本文的标题。