2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：介词(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
介词
思维导图
思维导图
考点精讲
考点1 时间介词
1.in, on, at
介词 用法 示例
in 表示世纪、年、月、季节 在 19 世纪 in the 19th _______
在十二月 in December
在他50多岁时 in his _______
在春天 in spring
表示泛指的上午、下午、 晚上 在早上 in the morning
在晚上 in the _________
century
fifties
evening
续表
介词 用法 示例
on 表示具体的某一天 在星期一 on Monday
在7月1日 on July ________
在儿童节 on __________ Day
表示某一天的早中晚或有形容词修饰的早中晚等 在星期天早上 on Sunday morning
在一个寒冷的晚上
on a _______ evening
at 表示时刻、时间点 在8点 at ______
在晚上 at night
在正午 at ________
1st
Children’s
cold
eight
noon
2.in, after
介词 用法 示例
in in+时间段，用于将来时 两个月后他将回来。
He will be back _______________.
after after+时间点，用于将来时 他将在4点以后到达。
He will arrive ____________.
after+时间段，用于过去时 一个月后他回到了家。
He returned home _____________.
in two months
after four
after a month
3.for, since
介词 用法 示例
for for+时间段，表示“达到多长时间” 他已经为公司工作4年了。
He has worked for the company
___________.
since since+过去的时间点，表示“自从……” 他自从2000年起就为华为工作。
He has worked for Huawei __________.
for 4 years
since 2000
4.其它时间介词
介词 用法 示例
until until +时间点，表示“直到……” 他直到凌晨3点才睡觉。
He _______ go to sleep _____ three o’clock.
before before +时间点，表示“在……之前” 丽萨每天必须在6点前回到家。Lisa ______return home ______six o’clock.
during during +时间段，表示“在……期间” 林锋在春节期间做了很多有趣的事情。
Lin Feng ____ many fun things ______ the Spring Festival.
didn’t
until
must
before
did
during
续表
介词 用法 示例
by by+时间点，表示“截止到” 请在星期五之前完成这项工作。Please finish the job _________.
by Friday
即学即练
( )1.We’re glad to see that Shenzhou-14 rose into the sky _____ June 5, 2022.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
( )2.—I’m going to Disneyland _______ two weeks.
—Wow, sounds like fun！
A.to B.in C.at D.on
( )3.Now students have more free time _____ night because of the “double reduction” policy.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
C
B
C
( )4.—Where did you go _____ the morning of April 6
—I didn’t come to the office _____ the meeting was over.
A.in; when B.at; unless
C.on; until D.to; though
( )5.—I joined the League _____ May, 2012.What about you
—I’ve been a League member _____ three years.
A.in; for B.on; in C.in; since D.on; for
C
A
考点2 方位介词
1.in, on, to
介词 用法 示例
in A地在B地里面 上海在中国的东部。
Shanghai is __________ of China.
on A地与B地接壤 湖南在广东的北部。
Hunan is ___________ of Guangdong.
to A地与B地不接壤 珠海在深圳的西部。
Zhuhai is ___________of Shenzhen.
in the east
on the south
to the west
2.on, over, above
介词 用法 示例
on 在……上面 （有接触） 桌子上有一封信。
There is a letter ___________ .
over 在……正上方 （无接触） 我们头上有一架无人机。（正上方） There is an UAV _____________ .
above 在……上方 （未必在正上方）在……（温度）以上 飞机在云层上飞行。
The plane is flying _______________ .
今天的气温在35度以上。
Today’s temperature is ____________.
on the desk
over our head
above the clouds
above 35 ℃
3.under, below
介词 用法 示例
under 在……正下方（无接触） 课桌下面有一个篮球。
There is a basketball ______________ .
below 在……下方（未必在正下方）在……（温度）以下 据说明天气温会降到零度以下。
It’s said that the temperature will drop
___________tomorrow.
under the desk
below 0℃
4.between, among
介词 用法 示例
between 在两者之间，常与and连用 我在3点和5点之间有空。
I’m free ________ three o’clock _____
five o’clock.
among 在三者或三者以上之间 在这三个女孩中，凯特是最外向的。
_______ the _______ girls, Kate is the most outgoing.
between
and
Among
three
5. across, through
介词 用法 示例
across “横跨；穿过”，指从物体的表面穿过，如街道、马路、河流、桥等 他计划游过这条河。
He planned to swim _________
_____ .
through “贯穿；穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过，如隧道、森林、公园、窗户等 太阳透过窗户照进来。
The sun shines _____________
________ .
across the river
through the window
6.by, beside, near
介词 用法 示例
by “在……旁边”，强调紧贴 约翰买了一个湖边的房子。
John bought a house _____________.
beside “在……旁边”，强调很近 我在床边放了一束花。
I put a bunch of flowers _____________.
near “在……附近”，或近或远 她家附近有一个书店。
There is a bookstore ______________.
by the lake
beside the bed
near her home
即学即练
( )1.—Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
—Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s _____ the south of China, _____ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in
( )2.Look! A boy is drawing _____ the bridge which is _____ the river.
A.over; on B.over; above
C.on; over D.above; over
C
C
( )3.—Excuse me, where’s the West Hill Farm, please
—Go ____ the forest and ____ the foot of the mountain you will find it.
A.through; at B.across; at
C.through; under D.past; under
( )4.—Did you go to Jufeng Temple ______ the Peach Blossom Festival (桃花节)
—Yes. The flowers were beautiful and bees were flying ______ them.
A.during; among B.during; between
C.through; among D.through; between
A
A
( )5.Which is TRUE about the picture of the classroom on the right
A.The bookcase lies beside the blackboard.
B.The clock is hung on top of the window.
C.There are three chairs in the classroom.
D.There are two tables in the classroom.
A
考点3 方式介词
1.in、on、by接交通工具的区别
介词 用法 示例
by by+交通工具 乘飞机 by plane
乘火车 by _______
骑自行车 by ______
on on +冠词/形代/所有格等+bike/bus/ ship/ train/ plane 骑她的自行车 on _____ bike
坐飞机 on _____ plane
in in+冠词/形代/ 所有格+car 她坐她爸爸的车上学。
She goes to school in her _______ car.
train
bike
her
the
father’s
2.with、in、by 表示“用”的区别
介词 用法 示例
with with+工具/器官/材料等 他用刀切蛋糕。
He cut the cake with a _______.
in in+语言/方式/语调等 她小声地说道。She said in a low _____.
很多动物以这种方式被杀死。
Many animals are killed in this _____ .
by by+doing sth. “通过做某事” 那个老人靠卖菜谋生。
The old man made a living by _______
vegetables.
knife
voice
way
selling
3.with, without
介词 词义 示例
with 和……起；具有；伴有” 凯特生下来就有一双大眼睛。
Kate was _________ two big eyes.
without 不和……一起；没有；缺乏” 没有眼镜，你可以看清楚吗？
Can you see clearly ______________
born with
without glasses
4.as, like
介词 用法 示例
as “作为”，后接职业、身份等 不要把我当小孩。
Don’t treat me _________.
like “像”，指情形相似 他笑得像小孩一样。
He laughed _________.
as a kid
like a kid
5.except, besides
介词 用法 示例
except “除了”，不包括后者在内 除了露西，每个人都很开心。（露西不开心）
Everyone is happy ____________.
besides “除了……之外还”，包括后者在内 除了露西，其他的每个人也很开心。（露西也开心）
Everyone else is also happy ____________.
except Lucy
besides Lucy
即学即练
( )1.—I never see Linda take a taxi to work.
—To live a low-carbon life, she always goes to work _____ her bike instead of _____ taxi.
A.by; by B.on; by C.on; in D.by; in
( )2.The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held _____ June 9th last year. Many people watched it _____ TV.
A.in; on B.in; in C.on; on D.on; in
B
C
( )3. ______ convenient the way is! We can pay money _____ scanning QR codes (二维码) in many shops.
A.How; for B.How; by C.What; by D.What; for
( )4.Some people prefer tea _____ milk. However, I like drinking tea without anything in it.
A.to B.with C.of D.in
B
B
( )5.—Did you study any other languages _____ English when you were at college
—Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all _____ a few words of each.
A.besides; besides B.but; except
C.except; except D.besides; except
D
考点4 其他介词
介词 词义 示例
against “反对” 很多市民反对修建化工厂。Many citizens are against ________ a chemical factory.
“违反” 雇佣童工是违反法律的。
It’s against _______ to employ child labor.
“倚;靠” 他靠着那棵树坐下。He sat against _______.
“撞;碰” 雨轻轻地敲打着窗户。The rain was beating against ___________ softly.
about “关于” 他写了一本关于动物的书。
He wrote a book about ________.
building
the law
the tree
the window
animals
续表
介词 词义 示例
for “给” 这儿有你的一封信。
Here is a letter for ______.
“为了” 这是用来挡雨的。
It’s ________ keeping off the rain.
“因为” 感谢你的帮助。Thanks for _________ .
of “属于……的” 这儿有一幅世界地图。
Here is _________ the world.
off “离开；脱离” 你可以脱掉你的外套。
You can ________ your coat.
you
used for
your help
a map of
take off
续表
介词 词义 示例
from “来自” 戴维来自美国。
David ______________ the US.
“从；向” 动物园营业时间为早上9点到下午5点。
The zoo is open ______9 a.m. _____ 5 p.m.
to “去；到” 我们去图书馆吧。Let’s ______ the library.
is/comes from
from
to
go to
即学即练
( )1.On the morning of the new year, the girl was lying ____ the wall.
A.in B.on C.at D.against
( )2.Big sale! We have T-shirts _____ white _____ only $6.
A.in; for B.of; for C.in; at D.with; for
( )3.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech _______ environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.
A.on B.at C.to D.with
D
A
A
( )4.A Chinese survey team reached the top ______ Mount Qomolangma on May 27th, 2020, which will improve human knowledge of nature and scientific development.
A.at B.on C.in D.of
( )5.Yesterday I downloaded a new program ______ the Internet. Now I can watch TV and movies _______ my computer.
A.from; on B.with; in C.in; with D.on; from
D
A
考点5 介词短语
1.动词+介词（参考P14动词短语）
2.形容词+介词
类别 短语
形容词+in 对……感兴趣 be _________ in
在……方面薄弱 be _______ in
形容词+at 擅长 be good at 对……感到惊讶 be _________ at
形容词+of 对……感到害怕 be afraid of 充满 be ______ of
对……感到厌烦 be tired of
为……感到自豪 be _______ of
interested
weak
surprised
full
proud
续表
类别 短语
形容词+for 对……有好处 be _______ for
对……有坏处 be bad for
为……感到抱歉 be _______ for
以……出名 be famous for
为……做准备 be _______ for
形容词+with 对……感到生气 be angry with
对（某人）要求严格 be _______ with
忙于…… be busy with
对……感到满意 be ________ with
形容词+as 作为……而出名 be _______ as
good
sorry
ready
strict
pleased
famous
3.介词+名词
类别 短语
at+名词 在上班 at work 立刻 at_______
此刻 at the ________
in+名词 默默地 in ______ 惊讶地 in ________
及时 in time 事实上 in ______
在危险中 in danger
on+名词 按时 on time 步行 on _____
在左边/右边 on the left/right
as+名词 结果 as a _______
by+名词 偶然地 by accident 错误地 by _______________
once
moment
silence
surprise
fact
foot
result
mistake
续表
类别 短语
to+名词 出乎某人的意料 to one’s _________
for+名词 例如 for ________
with+名词 在某人的帮助下 with one’s _________
surprise
example
help
即学即练
( )1.Tom used to be afraid of speaking ______, but now he is much more confident.
A.in public B.in person C.in total D.in silence
( )2.Our school provides so many colorful after-school activities on Fridays, but each student can only choose _____ two activities.
A.at first B.at last C.at least D.at most
A
D
( )3.—Tom, remember to turn off the gas burner (燃气炉) before you leave home.
—Oh, I usually do that. I was just ______.
A.on my way B.in a hurry C.in danger D.in surprise
( )4.—Our country develops really fast.
—Yes. _____, it has made great achievements in many areas.
A.In the end B.From now on
C.As a result D.In fact
B
D
( )5.—Why do you have time to look after the homeless dogs
— _____ the“double reduction” policy (双减政策), I have more free time.
A.Because of B.Even though
C.As for D.As a result
A
2022 中考真题
( )1.We have history class ______ three o’clock every Friday afternoon. （2022·北京）
A.at B.on C.in D.to
( )2.Father’s Day comes _____ June every year. （2022·重庆）
A.in B.on C.at D.to
( )3.—World Book Day is _____ April 23rd every year.
—I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities. （2022·广西玉林）
A.at B.in C.on D.by
A
A
C
( )4.Maria went skating with her friends in the park _____a sunny morning.（2022·湖北恩施）
A.at B.in C.on
( )5.The traffic light is green. Let’s go _____ the road. （2022·江苏连云港）
A.against B.among C.across D.above
( )6.All the students have gone to the science museum _____
Tom. Because he is ill.（2022·黑龙江）
A.except B.besides C.expect
C
C
A
( )7.My mother often tells me it's impolite to hit an empty bowl ______ chopsticks.（2022·四川成都）
A.in B.on C.with
( )8.Vincent sometimes sits _____ the river and listens to music. （2022·辽宁盘锦）
A.on B.by C.over D.under
( )9.—How do you relax in your free time
— ______ doing sports and listening to music. （2022·云南）
A.At B.On C.In D.By
C
B
D
( )10.—Hey, Tom, you are making noise. You should be polite
______.
—Sorry, Mum. I’ve got it. （2022·安徽）
A.at most B.in public
C.on time D.by chance
B
语篇训练
（一）
Mrs. Totten was my math teacher in 2009. She often gave us daily homework, which would be recited (背诵) 1 class the following day. On most days, our grades depended 2 our answers to homework questions.
( )1.A.in B.from C.with D.for
( )2.A.by B.from C.before D.on
A
D
【答案解析】1.A 考查介词。句意:她经常给我们布置家庭作 业，第二天在课堂上背诵。in class是固定搭配，意为“在课堂上”，故选A。
【答案解析】2.D 考查介词。句意:在大多数日子里，我们的 成绩取决于我们对家庭作业问题的回答。 depend on是固定搭配，意为“取决于”，故选D。
Mrs. Totten usually walked along the rows of desks and asked for answers from student 3 student in the order of the questions which had appeared 4 our homework books. She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and walk towards the other end.
( )3.A.at B.of C.after D.about
( )4.A.by B.from C.before D.on
C
D
【答案解析】3.C 考查介词。句意:Mrs. Totten通常沿着一排 排课桌走，向一个又一个的学生询问答案。from student after student是习惯用法，意为“一个又一 个的学生”，故选C。
【答案解析】4.D 考查介词。句意:……按照我们作业本上的 问题顺序，一个接一个地询问学生的答案。根据语境可知，此处意为“出现在作业本上”，故 选D。
（二）
Marco Polo was known as a famous traveler and businessman around the world. He grew up in Venice, Italy. In 1271, he started a journey to Asia 1 the age of 17. Of all the Asian countries, he liked China the most. He described Hangzhou 2 “the finest city in the world”. He returned to Italy when he was 41 years old. Later, he told stories to a man. The man then wrote a book called The Travels of Marco Polo. The book soon made Marco Polo’s travel stories well known 3 Europe.
( )1.A.up B.with C.to D.at
( )2.A.as B.between C.for D.by
( )3.A.after B.from C.in D.on
D
A
C
【答案解析】1.D 考查介词。句意：1271年，他在17岁时开始 了前往亚洲的旅程。at the age of是固定搭配, 意为“在……岁时”，故选D。
【答案解析】2.A 考查介词。句意:他将杭州描述为“世界上最好的城市”。describe...as...是固定搭配，意为 “将某物描述为……”，故选A。
【答案解析】3.C 考查介词。句意:这本书很怏使马可波罗的旅行故事在欧洲广为人知。in Europe是固定搭配，意为“在欧洲”，故选C。
（三）
In November 1979, pupils in England were able to watch a new TV program called Monkey King. Most of them heard this story
1 the first time. However, this story is not new 2 Chinese children. The Monkey King, also known 3 Sun Wukong, is the main character in the traditional Chinese book Journey to the West.
1.__________
2.______________
3._____________
【答案解析】for 考查介词。句意:他们中的大多数人是第 一次听到这个故事。for the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”，故填for。
【答案解析】to 考查介词。句意:然而，这个故事对中国儿童来说并不陌生。be adj. to sb.是习惯用法，意 为“对某人来说
……”，故填to。
【答案解析】as 考查介词。句意:美猴王，又名孙悟空…… be known as 是固定搭配，意为“被称为……”，故填as。
for
to
as
（四）
Last year I had a trip with my friend, Nancy. The weather 1 . cloudy except for one night. Nancy and I sat in the field and we felt
2 . We talked about the fantastic trip, looking at the stars. “It’s
3 pity we don’t know which stars we’re looking at, Jenny,” said Nancy. “I know some of them,” I answered.
( )1.A.is B.was C.were
( )2.A.relax B.relaxing C.relaxed
( )3.A.a B.an C.the
B
C
A
【答案解析】1.B 考查be动词。句意:除了一个晚上，天气是 多云的。主语The weather是不可数名词，be动 词用单数，且根据上下文可知，此处时态是一般 过去时，故选B。
【答案解析】2.C 考查形容词。句意:南希和我坐在田野里, 我们感到很放松。感官动词feel后接形容词，且根据语境可知，此处是形容人的主观感受，用以-ed结尾的形容词，故选C。
【答案解析】3.A 考查冠词。句意:“很遗憾，我们不知道我们 在看哪颗星星，珍妮,”南希说。It’s a pity+从句， 是固定句型，意为“很遗憾……”，故选A。
Nancy felt surprised when I finally finished 4 her all the names I knew.
My interest 5 stars began when I was eight. My aunt took me to a planetarium (天文馆). A guide showed us the groups of stars and told us stories about 6 they got their names. The stories were wonderful.
( )4.A.tell B.telling C.to tell
( )5.A.on B.in C.at
( )6.A.what B.who C.how
B
B
C
【答案解析】4.B 考查非谓语动词。句意:当我最终告诉她我 所知道的所有名字时，南希感到很惊讶。finish doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做完某事”，故选B。
【答案解析】5.B 考查介词。句意:我对星星的兴趣始于我八 岁的时候。one’s interest in sth.是固定用法，意为 “某人对某物的兴趣”，故选B。
【答案解析】6.C 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:一位导游向 我们展示了各组星星，并向我们讲述了它们如何得名的故事。根据语境可知，此处表示“如何”， 故选C。
Everyone knows we can see the stars better when it’s not cloudy, but lots of people don’t realize that a bright moon also stops us seeing very much. I always look for the Plough (北斗星), because once I see that, I 7 find the North Star and other stars.
I wanted to learn more about the stars, 8 I took a course at the club.
( )7.A.can B.should C.must
( )8.A.or B.but C.so
A
C
【答案解析】7.A 考查情态动词。句意:我总是在寻找北斗星，因为一旦我看到它，我就能找到北极星和其他星星。根据语境可知，此处表示“能够”，故选A。
【答案解析】8.C 考查连词。句意:我想了解更多关于星星的知识，所以我在俱乐部参加了一个课程。根据语境可知，前后句表因果关系，故选C。
There are so many lights in the city that we have to go into the countryside to see stars. I’m planning 9 videos about stars in the countryside. I 10 them online for everyone to watch. My greatest dream is to be an astronaut and I wish I could have a space travel.
（2022河北中考真题改编）
( )9.A.to make B.making C.make
( )10.A.posted B.will post C.have posted
A
B
【答案解析】9.A 考查非谓语动词。句意:我正计划制作关于 乡村的星星的视频。plan to do sth.是固定搭配， 意为“计划/打算做某事“，故选A。
【答案解析】10.B 考查动词时态。句意:我将把它们发布到网 上供大家观看。根据语境可知，此处表示将来要发生的动作，应用一般将来时，故选B。