2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：非谓语动词(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
非谓语动词
思维导图
考点精讲
考点1 动词不定式
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to + 动 词 原 形 not to + 动 词 原 形 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 与他相处不容易。
with him not easy.
= is not easy with him.
To get on is
It to get on
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to + 动 词 原 形 not to + 动 词 原 形 作宾语 动词 afford, promise, refuse, expect 等接不定式作宾语 一些学生没有通过考试。
Some students ____________
the test.
他答应和我们一起去那儿。
He there with us.
failed to pass
promised to go
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to + 动 词 原 形 not to + 动 词 原 形 作宾语补足语 动词 tell, ask, advise 等后面的宾语常接动词不定式，补充说明宾语的动作 请告诉他明天来这里。
Please tell him here tomorrow.
学校要求我们不要乱扔垃圾。
School requires us ___________
rubbish.
to come
not to throw
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to + 动 词 原 形 not to + 动 词 原 形 作宾语补足语 注意：make, let, see 等词后接不带 to 的不定式, help 既可带 to也可不带 to 他的爸爸经常让他学习到很晚。
His father often makes him ______ late at night.
study
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to+动 词原 形 not to +动词 原形 作表语 说明主语的内容或性质，位于系动词后 她的工作是清扫街道。
Her job is the street.
学习英语最好的方法是使用它。
The best way to learn English is ___
it.
to clean
to use
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to + 动 词 原 形 not to + 动 词 原 形 作定语 1. 后置修饰名词 那只猫在找食物吃。
The cat is looking for some food _______.
2. 后置修饰不定代词 我总是第一个到达学校。
I’m always the first one _____
______ at school.
to eat
to arrive
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
to + 动 词 原 形 not to + 动 词 原 形 作定语 3. 后置修饰特殊疑问词 她正在学习如何开车。
She is learning a car.
作状语 表示目的，意为“要……的话” “为了……” (相当于 in order to) 要去那里的话，你必须得有一条船。
, you must have a boat.
为了照顾孩子，她辞掉了工作。
her child, she quit her job.
how to drive
To get there
To look after
『附表1』只能接动词不定式做宾语的动词
to do sth. 想要做某事 like to do sth. 愿意做某事 to do sth.
计划做某事
to do sth. 承诺做某事 to do sth. 拒绝做某事 to do sth.
同意做某事
to do sth. 期待做某事 to do sth. 决定做某事 to do sth.
主动提出做某事
to do sth. 学做某事 to do sth. 希望做某事 to do sth.
承受得起做某事
to do sth. 设法做成某事 to do sth. 未能做到某事 to do sth.
需要做某事
want
would
plan
promise
refuse
agree
expect
decide
offer
learn
hope
afford
manage
fail
need
『附表2』常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词
want/would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 sb. (not) to do sth.
告诉某人(不要)做某事
sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人(不要)做某事 sb. (not) to do sth.
要求某人(不要)做某事
sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 sb. to do sth.
期待某人做某事
sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事
sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要)做某事 sb. to do sth.
邀请某人做某事
sb. to do sth. 承诺某人做某事 sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
tell
ask
require
wish
expect
teach
allow
advise
invite
promise
help
即学即练
( )1.The policeman told the children _____ in the river. It’s too
dangerous!
A.to not swim B.not to swim C.not swim D.not swimming
( )2. ____ myself, I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.
A.Improve B.Improving C.To improve D.Improves
( )3.The community worker is patient enough _____ to the old
how to use Health Code.
A.explain B.explains C.to explain D.explaining
B
C
C
( )4.It is necessary to learn _____ time and make good use of
every minute.
A.to manage B.managing C.to managing D.manage
( )5.—You’d better advise him _____ anything out of the window
while driving.
—I will. He was to know it’s dangerous.
A.not throwing B.don’t throw
C.no throwing D.not to throw
A
D
考点2 动名词
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
doing not doing 作主语 谓语动词用单数 晚饭后散步对你的身体健康有益。
after supper
___ good for your health.
Taking a walk
is
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
doing not doing 作 宾 语 1. 动词 suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, advise, consider, imagine, keep 等接动名词作宾语 我很喜欢和你们一起工作。
I enjoy with you.
他们考虑出国度假。
They consider ______ ________for vacation.
working
going abroad
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
doing not doing 作宾语 2. 介词in, on, at等接动名词作宾语 托尼不敢在课堂上回答问题。
Tony is afraid of ___________
_________in class.
3. 形容词busy, worth (值得)等接动名词作宾语 他们在忙着准备他们的婚礼。
They’re busy ______________ their wedding.
answering questions
preparing for
续表
结构 用法 说明 示例
肯定 否定
doing not doing 作 表 语 说明主语的内容或性质，位于系动词后 我的工作是教英语。
My job is .
作 定 语 修饰名词，位于名词前 我打算去上表演课。
I’m going to take the .
玛丽去了阅览室。
Mary has gone to the .
teaching English
acting lesson
reading room
『附表1』只能接动名词做宾语的动词
doing sth. 结束做某事 doing sth. 忍受做某事 doing sth.
练习做某事
doing sth. 喜欢做某事 doing sth. 一直做某事 doing sth.
介意做某事
doing sth. 建议做某事 doing sth. 考虑做某事 doing sth.
错过做某事
doing sth. 想象做某事 doing sth. 避免做某事 doing sth.
阻止做某事
finish
stand
practice
enjoy
keep
mind
suggest
consider
miss
imagine
avoid
prevent
『附表2』只能接动名词的短语
time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 have (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 have (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
have (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 have (in) doing sth. 做某事有问题 can’t doing sth.
忍不住做某事
spend
fun
difficulty
trouble
problem
help
续表
be to doing sth. 习惯做某事 look to doing sth. 期盼做某事 pay to doing sth.
注意做某事
doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事来更喜欢做某事 go+动名词: go 去购物 do some+动名词: do some __________
做清洁
used
forward
attention
prefer
shopping
cleaning
即学即练
( )1.The workers are busy _____ windows to the new building
these days.
A.fix B.fixed C.fixing D.to fix
( )2.China has seen a trend (潮流) of _____ shared bikes since last
year.
A.ride B.riding C.take D.taking
( )3.—Would you mind not _____ football in the hallway
—Sorry, I won’t.
A.play B.playing C.to play D.played
C
B
B
( )4.During our holidays, we should avoid _____ up at night and
oversleeping in the morning.
A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying
( )5.The film Hi, Mom is moving, and I think it is well worth ____.
A.see B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see
D
C
考点3 分词
类别 用法 示例
现在 分词 作宾语补足语，表示正在进行 我看到她那时正在扫地。
I saw her the floor at that time.
这个工厂里有很多机器人在工作。
There are many robots in this factory.
过去 分词 作后置定语，表示被动 你认识一个叫雷军的人吗？
Do you know a man Lei Jun
sweeping
working
called/ named
『附表1』后接现在分词作宾补的短语及句型
sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 sb. doing sth.
听到某人正在做某事
sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 sb. doing sth.
观看某人正在做某事
sb. doing sth. 感觉某人正在做某事 sb. doing sth.
有某人正在做某事
see
hear
notice
watch
feel
There be
『附表2』后接过去分词作宾补的短语
have/get sth. done 让别人做某事 sb./sth. called/named...
某人/某物被叫做……
即学即练
( )1.I saw Tom ________ basketball on the playground at this time
yesterday.
A.playing B.to play C.play D.played
( )2.My watch doesn’t work. I must have it ______.
A.repaired B.repairs C.repair D.repairing
( )3.Look, there are some people _____ on the lake.
A.fish B.fishing C.to fish D.fished
A
A
B
( )4.Someone noticed her ______ a picture in the classroom at that
time.
A.drew B.to draw C.drawing D.draws
( )5.There are two students _____ Wang Jiayi in our class.
A.call B.calling C.to call D.called
C
D
考点4 容易混淆的非谓语动词短语
短语 含义 短语 含义
_______ to do sth. doing sth. 想去做某事 喜欢做某事 _________ to do sth. doing sth. 停下来去做某事
停止做某事
_______ to do sth. doing sth. 忘记去做某事 忘了做过某事 _________ to do sth. doing sth. 记住要做某事
记得做过某事
_______ to do sth. doing sth. 努力去做某事 试着去做某事 _________ to do sth. doing sth. 继续做(另一件事)
继续做(同一件事)
see hear watch notice feel sb. _____ sth. 看到/听到/观看/注意到/感觉某人做了某事(动词多为非延续性动词) see hear watch notice feel sb. _____ sth. 看到/听到/观看/注意到/感觉某人正在做某事(动词多为延续性动词)
like/love
stop
forget
remember
try
go on
do
doing
即学即练
( )1.Don’t forget _____ an umbrella with you. It will be rainy this
afternoon.
A.took B.to take C.taking D.takes
( )2.—Remember _____ him about it before he goes away.
—Sure, I will.
A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.to telling
( )3.Please stop _____ a rest if you feel tired.
A.to have B.having C.have D.has
B
B
A
( )4.Although they are tired, they still go on _____.
A.working B.to work C.work D.worked
( )5.It’s said that someone saw him _____ into a black car.
A.getting B.got C.get D.to get
A
C
2022 中考真题
( )1.It is very important for us ___ English well.(2022·四川宜宾)
A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learned
( )2.Water Park is a good place ____. (2022·乌鲁木齐)
A.to have fun B.have fun C.having fun D.to have a fun
( )3.We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _____
volleyball. (2022·广西贵港)
A.play B.playing C.played D.to play
C
A
B
( )4.—I feel tired and sleepy.
—Why not stop _____ for a while. (2022·山东泰安)
A.rest B.to rest C.resting D.rested
( )5.Nick, would you mind _________ those old jeans. They look
terrible. (2022·浙江杭州)
A.not to wear B.not wear C.wearing not D.not wearing
( )6.—What do you usually do at weekends
—I often practice _____ English. (2022·四川广安)
A.speak B.to speak C.speaking D.spoken
B
D
C
( )7.If prices rise too high, the government has to do something
_____ it. (2022·山东临沂)
A.stop B.stopped C.stopping D.to stop
( )8.We can make a fire _____ the room warm so that we can chat
for a while. (2022·江苏扬州)
A.to keep B.keeping C.keep D.kept
D
A
( )9.Jane’s mother preferred ______ TV at home to _______ to the
concert. (2022·江苏无锡)
A.to watch; go B.watching; going
C.watching; go D.to watch; going
( )10.Bruce often asks me _____ him to play the guitar.
(2022·广西梧州)
A.teach B.to teach C.taught D.teaches
B
B
语篇训练
(一)
There was once a man who wanted 1 something from a rich family. He saw a beautiful bell in the yard of their house and wanted to steal it. But the bell was too heavy for him to carry. He decided to smash (粉碎) it into small pieces with a hammer (锤子). He hit the bell and made so much noise. He felt very frightened and couldn’t help 2 his ears with his hands.
( )1.A.steal B.stealing C.to steal D.stolen
( )2.A.covering B.cover C.to cover D.covered
C
A
【解析】1.C 考查非谓语动词。句意：曾经有一个人想偷 一个富人家的东西。want to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “想要做某事” ，动词用不定式，故选 C。
【解析】2.A 考查非谓语动词。句意：他感到非常惊恐， 忍不住用手捂住耳朵。 can’t help doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “忍不住做某事” ，动词用 ing 形式， 故选 A。
Soon he was pleased 3 that the noise had become less. He went to get something 4 his ears and tried again. However, the noise actually rang through the whole street, and soon people living nearby came to catch him.
( )3.A.get B.to get C.getting D.got
( )4.A.cover B.to cover C.covered D.covering
B
B
【解析】3.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：很快，他高兴地发现噪音已经变小了。be+adj.+to do sth.是固定搭配，意为 “做某事……”，动词用不定式，故选 B。
【解析】4.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：他去拿东西捂住耳朵，又试了一次。根据语境可知，此处表示目的， 应用动词不定式，故选 B。
(二)
Albert Einstein had a good friend 1 Marcel Grossman. Marcel’s father helped Albert 2 a job at the Swiss Patent (专利) Office in Berne, Switzerland. Albert was part of a team that examined and recorded applications (申请) for patents submitted (提交) by Swiss inventors. He worked there for the next seven years. Albert enjoyed his job a lot. He was also happy that it gave him a lot of free time 3 physics and math(s) on his own. The result of this studying was a series of scientific papers.
( )1.A.name B.named C.naming D.to name
( )2.A.get B.gets C.getting D.got
( )3.A.study B.studied C.to study D.studies
B
A
C
【解析】1.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦有一个好朋友叫马塞尔 格罗斯曼。根据语境可知，此处有被动含义，应用过去分词作后置定语，故选 B。
【解析】2.A 考查非谓语动词。句意：马塞尔的父亲帮助阿尔伯特在瑞士伯尔尼的瑞士专利局找到一份工作。help sb. do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “帮助某人做某事” ，动词用原形，故选 A。
【解析】3.C 考查非谓语动词。句意：他也很高兴，这让他有很多空闲时间来自学物理和数学。根据语境可知，此处修饰名词，作后置定语，应用动词不定式，故选 C。
(三)
I used to be strongly against telling lies. I can’t stand lies (谎言). However, a white lie changed my idea.
Several days ago, I invited some friends 1 together at a bar to celebrate my birthday. They promised 2 me at 5 p.m. When that day came, I got to the bar early. To my disappointment (失望), only one friend arrived by 4:50 p.m. Did they forget my birthday I had to keep 3 for them. Most of them said that they were on the way while some said they were still at home. I realized that they wouldn’t come on time.
( )1.A.get B.to get C.gets D.getting
( )2.A.to meet B.met C.meets D.meet
( )3.A.wait B.to wait C.waited D.waiting
B
A
D
【解析】1.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：几天前，我邀请了 一些朋友在一家酒吧聚餐，为我庆祝生日。 invite sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为 “邀请某人 做某事” ，动词用不定式，故选 B。
【解析】2.A 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们答应在下午5 点与我见面。promise to do sth.是固定搭配，意 为 “承诺做某事” ，动词用不定式，故选 A。
【解析】3.D 考查非谓语动词。句意：我不得不继续等待他们。keep doing sth.是固定搭配，意为 “继续做某事” ，动词用 ing 形式，故选 D。
(四)
Last year, I worked near my mother’s house and stayed with her for a month. During that time, I 1 her do some housework and buy some food.
( )1.A.helped B.help C.will help
A
【解析】1.A 考查动词时态。句意：在那段时间里，我帮助她做了一些家务，买了一些食物。根据语境以及上下文可知，此处时态为一般过去时，故选 A。
A week later, I noticed 2 the food ran out very soon. Then I began keeping an eye 3 my mom. To my surprise, I found that she would put some food into 4 bag and go out with it every morning. And finally, I decided 5 her. I saw her taking the food to the street children and spending a lot of time talking and playing with 6 .
( )2.A.what B.whether C.that
( )3.A.in B.at C.on
( )4.A.a B.an C.the
( )5.A.follow B.following C.to follow
( )6.A.they B.them C.their
C
C
A
C
B
【解析】2.C 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：一个星期 后，我发现食物很快就吃完了。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个宾语从句，从句中不缺任何成分， 引导词用 that，故选C。
【解析】3.C 考查介词。句意：然后我开始留意我的妈妈。keep an eye on 是固定搭配，意为 “注意/留意……” ，故选 C。
【解析】4.A 考查冠词。句意：令我惊讶的是，我发现她每天早上都会把一些食物装进一个袋子里，然后带着它出去。根据语境可知，此处泛指 “ 一个袋子” ，且 bag 的发音以辅音音素开头，故选 A。
【解析】5.C 考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，我决定跟着她。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为 “决定做某事” ，故选 C。
【解析】6.B 考查代词。句意：我看到她把食物拿给流浪儿童，并花了很多时间与他们交谈和玩耍。此处作介词with的宾语，用代词的宾格形式，故选 B。
One day, I talked with a neighbor and found out that my mom was well-known in the area. The children were very 7 to her and even thought of her as their own mother. 8 didn’t she tell me about it Was she worried that I would stop buying food if I knew the truth
( )7.A.friend B.friendly C.friendlier
( )8.A.How B.What C.Why
B
C
【解析】7.B 考查形容词。句意：孩子们对她非常友好， 甚至把她当成了自己的母亲。be friendly to sb. 是固定搭配，意为 “对某人友好” ，故选 B。
【解析】8.C 考查疑问副词。句意：她为什么不告诉我这件事 根据语境可知，此处意为 “为什么” ，疑问副词用 why，故选C。
When my mom got home, I gave her a big hug (拥抱). I told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret from me. And she told me something about the children. Some of them lived with an old lady in a small house, 9 slept on the street. After she told me everything, I
10 by her kindness.
I continued to buy food for my mom after that. But I always added one more bag for her other “children”.
(2022四川中考真题改编)
( )9.A.others B.other C.another
( )10.A.was moved B.am moved C.moved
A
A
【解析】9.A 考查代词。句意：他们中的一些人与一位老太太住在一间小房子里，其他人则睡在街上。 Some...others...是固定搭配，意为 “一些……另一些……” ，故选 A。
【解析】10.A 考查被动语态。句意：在她告诉我一切之后，我被她的善良所感动。根据语境可知，此处是一个被动语态，主语 I 与谓语动词 move 存在被动关系，且时态是一般过去时，用一般过去时的被动语态，故选 A。