2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：句子种类和简单句(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
句子种类和简单句
思维导图
考点精讲
考点1 陈述句
类别 结构 示例
肯定 陈述句 1.主语+谓语 现在我必须走了。
I ________ now.
2.主语+谓语+宾语 玛丽昨天买了一本书。
Mary _______ a book yesterday.
3.主语+系动词+表语 他们是学生。They ____ students.
must go
bought
are
续表
类别 结构 示例
否定 陈述句 1.be动词+not 万老师不在办公室。
Mr. Wan _____ in the office now.
他们不是学生。They ______ students.
2.助动词+not 托尼小提琴拉得不好。
Tony _______ play the violin well.
王琳还没去过长城。
Wang Lin ______ been to the Great Wall yet.
3.情态动词+not 我不会游泳。I ______ swim.
isn’t
aren’t
doesn’t
hasn’t
can’t
续表
类别 结构 示例
否定 陈述句 4.句中有 never、seldom、few、little 等否定词 我从未去过悉尼。
I have ______ been to Sydney.
她很少给家里写信。
She ________ writes home.
never
seldom
即学即练
( )1.If you happy with the life you’re living, just
complain. Do something about it.
A.aren’t; aren’t B.aren’t; don’t
C.don’t; don’t D.don’t; aren’t
( )2.I am very surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it
_____ a lot over the years.
A.changed B.didn’t change
C.has changed D.hasn’t changed
B
D
( )3.Mary and Tom have any basketballs, so they want to
buy one.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.isn’t D.aren’t
( )4.I have spent most of my money. Now I have very left.
A.little B.few C.nobody D.nothing
( )5. young man can afford this house. It’s far too
expensive.
A.No B.Not C.Never D.Don’t
A
A
A
考点2 疑问句
类别 结构 示例
一般疑 问句 1.Be+主语+其他 你是老师吗 _____ you a teacher
他是美国人吗 _____ he American
2.助动词+主语+其他 昨天他们去电影院了吗
_____ they go to the cinema yesterday
你会来参加她的生日宴会吗
_____ you come to her birthday party
3.情态动词+主语+其他 我应该留短发吗
_______ I keep my hair short
露西会弹钢琴吗 ____ Lucy play the piano
Are
Is
Did
Will
Should
Can
续表
类别 结构 示例
特殊疑 问句 1.特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 她长什么样
__________ she look like
你买了什么给你的妈妈
__________ you buy for your mother
2.特殊疑问词+谓语动词+其他 谁在房间里唱歌
_______ singing in the room
今天天气怎么样
_______ the weather today
What does
What did
Who is
How is
续表
类别 结构 示例
选择疑 问句 一般疑问句+or+选择部分 (A+or+选择部分B ) 你步行还是骑自行车去上学
____ you go to school on foot _____ by bus
她14岁还是15岁
____ she 14 ____15
Do
or
Is
or
【拓展】常用的特殊疑问词
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
疑问 代词 what 问行为 你现在在干什么
__________ you doing now
问职业、身份 你叔叔是干什么的
__________ your uncle
问相貌、特征 她长什么样
___________she look like
问目的 他来这里是为了什么
__________he come here for
What are
What is
What does
What did
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
疑问 代词 what 问颜色 她的裙子是什么颜色的
__________ is her dress
问尺寸 他穿多大的衣服
__________ does he wear
问日期 今天是几号
__________ the date today
问星期 今天是星期几
__________ is (it) today
What color
What size
What is
What day
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
疑问 代词 who/ whom 对人或代词提问，whom是who的宾格 那个男孩是谁
________ that boy
你向谁寻求帮助
__________ you _____ for help
whose 对物主代词和名词所有格提问 那是谁的书
____________ is that
which 对修饰名词的定语提问，常和名词连用 你最喜欢哪辆自行车
____________ do you like best
Who is
Whom did
ask
Whose book
Which bike
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
疑问 副词 when 问时间 你的生日是什么时候
________ your birthday
what time 问具体几点钟 几点了
What time _____
where 对具体地点提问 你在哪儿出生的
____________ you born
why 问原因 为什么他们来这里
_________ they come here
When is
is it
Where were
Why did
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
疑问 副词 how 对方式或程度等提问 你通常怎样去上学
________ you usually go to school
你觉得这部电影怎么样
________ you _____ the film
how短语 how many 对可数名词的数量提问 你有几个橘子
__________________ do you have
How do
How do like
How many oranges
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
how短语 how much 对不可数名词的数量提问 你要多少咖啡
________________ do you want
对价格提问 它花费了多少钱
How much_____ it_____
how long 对时间的长度提问 你在这里工作多久了
How_____have you_______ here
对物体的长度提问 这座桥有多长
How long is the bridge
How much coffee
does cost
long worked
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
how短语 how often 对时间频率 提问 你多久跑步一次
How often ____ you ____
how many times 问具体次数 你去过那里多少次
How many times _____ you _____ there
how soon 对一段时间提问，常用一般将来时 她多久之后将会到达
How soon ____ she ______
do run
have been
will arrive
续表
类型 疑问词 用法 例句
how短语 how far 问距离 从这里到动物园有多远
How far ____ from here to the zoo
how tall 问人、树的高度 她多高
How tall _______
how high 问山和建筑物的高度 这座塔有多高
How high ____ the tower
how old 问人的年龄 他多少岁
How old ______
is it
is she
is
is he
即学即练
( )1.— is the longest hanging bridge for walkers in the world
—It is 516 meters—over five football fields long.
A.How long B.How high C.How wide D.How soon
( )2.— will the Jinniu Lake Animal Kingdom be open
—Maybe in the second half of this year.
A.Who B.When C.What D.Where
( )3.— is it from the shopping mall to your home
—It’s about 8 minutes’ drive.
A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How far
A
B
D
( )4.—Mary, can we get to the theater
—It’s hard to say. Maybe in about half an hour.
A.how long B.how often C.how soon D.how far
( )5.— do Ronald’s parents let him play computer games
—Once a week.
A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How far
C
A
考点3 祈使句
含义 类型 结构 示例
表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等的句子，常省略主语you，句首用动词原形 be型 肯定句：Be+其他 请保持安静。
Please _________.
否定句：Don’t/ Never be+其他 下次上课别迟到了。
_____________ for class next time.
do型 肯定句：动词原形+其他 仔细听我说。
_______ to me carefully.
be quiet
Don’t be late
Listen
续表
含义 类型 结构 示例
表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等的句子，常省略主语you，句首用动词原形 do型 否定句：Don’t/Never+动词原形+其他 不要讲话。___________.
不要把今天的工作留到明天。
___________ today’s work for tomorrow.
let型 肯定句： Let sb. do sth. 让我再试一次。
_____ me_____ again.
否定句： Don’t let sb. do sth. Let sb. not do sth. 不要让我失望。
_________ me down.
注意：祈使句的特殊形式：No+名词/动名词+其他 如：请勿吸烟！No _________ ! 请勿拍照。No_______.
Don’t talk
Never leave
Let try
Don’t let
smoking
photos
即学即练
( )1.Hey, guy, can’t you see the sign over there It says, “_______
Fishing!”
A.No B.Not C.Don’t D.Doesn’t
( )2. more, and you’ll improve your spoken English.
A.To speak B.Speak C.Speaking D.Don’t speak
( )3.Boys and girls, up your hands if you want to take part
in the summer camp.
A.putting B.to put C.put D.not put
A
B
C
( )4. swimming in the river alone! It’s dangerous.
A.Go B.Don’t go C.Going D.Not go
( )5.Let’s so loudly. The baby is sleeping.
A.not to talk B.don’t talk
C.doesn’t talk D.not talk
B
D
考点4 感叹句
感叹词 结构 示例
how 1.How+形容词+主语+谓语(+其他)！ 今天真冷啊！
__________ it is today!
那个人真蠢啊！
____________ the man is!
2.How+副词+主语+谓语(+其他)！ 姑娘们工作多努力啊！
__________ the girls are working!
3.How+主语+谓语！ 我多么想念我的家乡！
How_______ my hometown!
How cold
How stupid
How hard
I miss
续表
感叹词 结构 示例
what 1.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 (+主语+谓语)！ 今天天气多好啊！
What __________ it is today!
他的父亲是多么诚实的人啊！
What ______________ his father is!
2.What+形容词+可数名词复数 (+主语+谓语)！ 这些男孩是多么好的学生啊！
What _____________ the boys are!
多么漂亮的花啊！
What_________________ they are!
a fine day
an honest man
good students
beautiful flowers
续表
感叹词 结构 示例
what 3.What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ 多冷的水啊！
What __________ it is!
这是多么美味的牛奶啊！
What _____________ it is!
感叹句口诀：名词 what，形副 how；形名相连 what，形名相隔 how。
cold water
delicious milk
即学即练
( )1. exciting news we’ve just heard! The crewed spaceship
Shenzhou-13 launched successfully!
A.What B.What an C.How D.What a
( )2.— hard-working boy Zhou Bin is!
—Yes, he is. I am sure he’ll pass the test.
A.How B.What a C.What an D.What
( )3. kind people the little boy has met!
A.How B.What a C.What an D.What
A
B
D
( )4. lucky they are, I thought, to have each other!
A.What a B.What C.How D.What an
( )5. excellent news reporter he is! All of us are proud of
him.
A.What a B.What C.How D.What an
C
D
考点5 简单句
1.简单句的六种基本结构
结构 示例
主语+谓语 (不及物动词) 他大笑了起来。He laughed.
(主) (谓)
主语+谓语 (及物动词)+宾语 梦娜喜欢跳舞。Mona likes dancing.
(主) (谓) (宾)
主语+系动词+表语 那听起来太糟糕了。That sounds terrible.
(主) (系) (表)
续表
结构 示例
主语+谓语(及物动词) +直接宾语+间接宾语 托尼给了我一本书。
Tony gave me a book.
(主) (谓) (直宾) (间宾)
主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语+宾语补足语 我们叫他王先生。
We call him Mr.Wang.
(主) (谓) (宾) (宾补)
存现句 (there be句型) 墙上有一幅画。
on the wall.
There is a picture
2.there be 句型的时态与句式
句式 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
肯定句 There is/are... There was/were... There will be…
There is going to be...
否定句 There isn’t/aren’t... There wasn’t/ weren’t... There won’t be…
There isn’t going to be...
一般 疑问句 Is/Are there... Was/Were there... Will there be...
Is there going to be…
续表
注意：there be 句型须遵循“就近原则”，即 be 动词应与其后最近的主语在数上保持一致。
例如：桌子上有一个苹果和两条香蕉。
There _____ two bananas and one apple on the table.
There _____ one apple and two bananas on the table.
are
is
即学即练
( )1.There a lot of people here just now. But now nobody
appears.
A.were B.are C.was D.is
( )2.Look! There any lemonade (柠檬水) left. Let’s make
some now.
A.is B.isn’t C.are D.aren’t
( )3.— there any good news in today’s China Daily
—No, but there some funny stories worth reading.
A.Is; is B.Are; are C.Is; are D.Are; is
A
B
C
( )4.—Was there a tall man in the meeting room just now
— I didn’t see anyone there.
A.Yes, there was B.Yes, it was
C.No, it wasn’t D.No, there wasn’t
( )5.—Mr. Bush says there a soccer match on our school
playground tomorrow evening. Will you go and watch it
—Sure, I won’t miss it.
A.was B.has
C.is going to have D.will be
D
D
2022 中考真题
( )1.—________ does your school organize an English Reading
Festival
—Once a term. (2022·江苏常州)
A.How often B.How old C.How long D.How soon
( )2.During the hard time when Shanghai is fighting against
COVID-19, many people across China send messages on the Internet, “Come on, Shanghai! ______ give up!”
(2022·湖南湘西)
A.Don’t B.Doesn’t C.Do
A
A
( )3.— ______ silent, please! You are in the library.
—I’m sorry, madam. (2022·四川广元)
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Kept
( )4.David, ______ run in the hallways, or you might get hurt.
(2022·辽宁盘锦)
A.not B.doesn’t C.don’t D.didn’t
( )5.—We picked apples on the farm and had fun yesterday.
— ______ wonderful day it was! (2022·广西梧州)
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
A
C
D
( )6.— ______ exciting speech our headmaster gave just now!
—Yeah, it was really an inspiration to us all. (2022·山东滨州)
A.How B.What C.How an D.What an
( )7.—It has been rainy for a week.
— ______ terrible weather it is! (2022·黑龙江)
A.How B.What a C.What
D
C
( )8.—China is becoming stronger and stronger. More and more
foreign people are learning Chinese.
— ________ proud we are! We don’t regret being Chinese.
(2022·广西玉林)
A.What a B.How C.What D.How a
( )9.There ____ only one earth but billions of (数十亿) people in
the world, so we should protect the earth. (2022·湖南湘西)
A.have B.is C.are
B
B
( )10.—There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school
tomorrow afternoon.
—Great! We can’t wait! (2022·广西贵港)
A.is B.was C.will be D.will have
C
语篇训练
(一)
My hobby is traveling. I love traveling so much that I always go sightseeing with my parents in holidays. 1 do I love traveling First, I am interested in different cultures. Different places have different cultures. You will never understand them well if you 2 go there. So I want to go to new places and learn more about their cultures. Second, I like making friends. I can meet different kinds of people and talk with them during the trip. 3 fun it is to make friends!
( )1.A.Why B.When C.Which D.How
( )2.A.not B.aren’t C.don’t D.won’t
( )3.A.What B.What C.What an D.How
A
C
D
【解析】1.A 考查疑问句。句意：我为什么喜欢旅行 根据语境可知，此处意为 “为什么” ，用疑问副词 why，故选 A。
【解析】2.C 考查否定陈述句。句意：如果你不去那里， 你将永远无法很好地理解它们。根据语境可知， 此处含否定意义，修饰动词且时态是一般现在时，用 don’t，故选 C。
【解析】3.D 考查感叹句。句意：交朋友是一件多么有趣的事情啊！此处感叹句句型为：How+形容词+主语+谓语！How 后接形容词，故选 D。
(二)
1 you curious about the secrets of top students The following are some important rules that top students strictly obey. Firstly, study goes before everything. Study rises to be the first thing when it’s time to study, and everything else will be just put aside. Secondly, 2 your time in the best way. Time is the most valuable resource. Thirdly, take good notes and
3 good use of them. It’s necessary because they’ll help you a lot when you prepare for exams. When you try these ways and try your best to focus on study, success will be waiting for you.
( )1.A.Do B.Have C.Will D.Are
( )2.A.spend B.spending C.spent D.spends
( )3.A.made B.to make C.make D.making
D
A
C
【解析】1.D 考查疑问句。句意：你是否对顶尖学生的秘密感到好奇 此处是一个一般疑问句，且是主系表结构，表语是形容词，系动词应用 be 动词，故选 D。
【解析】2.A 考查祈使句。句意：第二，以最佳的方式花费你的时间。此处是一个祈使句，应用动词原形开头，故选 A。
【解析】3.C 考查祈使句。句意：第三，做好笔记并利用好它们。此处是一个祈使句，and 连接两个并列成分，应用动词原形，故选 C。
(三)
During the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago, people had to send gifts to the emperor. Once, a man called Mian Bogao 1 . asked to take some swans (天鹅) in cages to the emperor. While he was passing a lake, he found that the swans were hot and breathing. He wanted to let the swans loose so they could have a bath in the lake. But the swans flew away as soon as they were let out. Only a few feathers (羽毛) were left. 2 frightened the man was when he saw that! Suddenly, he 3 an idea. He picked up a feather from the ground and left for the capital.
1. ______
2.______
was
how
【解析】考查 be 动词。句意：有一次，使臣缅伯高奉命将一些装在笼子里的天鹅献给皇帝。根据语境可知，主语 a man 和谓语动词 ask 存在被动关系，主语表单数且时态是一般过去时，be 动词用 was，故填 was。
【解析】考查感叹句。句意：当他看到这一幕时，他是多么的惊慌失措啊！根据语境以及句子结构可知，此处是感叹句，句型结构为： how+形容词+主语+谓语！故填 how。
3. ________
got/had
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：突然间，他有了一个想法。have/get an idea 是固定搭配，意为 “有一个主意/想法” ，且根据语境以及上下文可知，此处时态是一般过去时，故填 got/had。
(四)
Being street smart is an important skill to have and it’s a good way to take care of yourself.
Always carry your phone with you, 1 do not look at it while you are walking. Being able to communicate or call 2 help is important, so keep a list of useful phone numbers. But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your head up and see what’s going on around. If you do need 3 your phone, stop and look at it quickly.
( )1.A.because B.but C.though
( )2.A.to B.at C.for
( )3.A.to check B.checking C.checked
B
C
A
【解析】1.B 考查连词。句意：随身携带手机，但走路时不要玩手机。根据语境可知，前后句表示转折关系，用 but 连接，故选 B。
【解析】2.C 考查介词。句意：能够沟通或呼救是很重要的……call for help 是固定搭配，意为 “呼救” ，介词用 for，故选 C。
【解析】3.A 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你确实需要查看你的手机，请停下来迅速看一看。need to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “需要做某事” ，此处 need 为实义动词，动词用不定式，故选 A。
4 wear earphones while you are out. If you have to listen something when you’re out, use only one earphone or play it 5 a very low volume (音量).
Travel with friends or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger. It’s important to be careful with strangers. Do not get into a 6 car.
( )4.A.Not B.No C.Don’t
( )5.A.in B.at C.on
( )6.A.stranger B.strangers’ C.stranger’s
C
B
C
【解析】4.C 考查祈使句。句意：外出时不要戴耳机。后接动词原形，用助动词 don’t，故选 C。
【解析】5.B 考查介词。句意：……只用一个耳机或用很低的音量播放。at a very low volume 是固定搭配，意为 “以一个很低的音量” ，介词用 at，故选 B。
【解析】6.C 考查名词所有格。句意：不要上陌生人的车。前面有不定代词 a 修饰，应用单数名词的所有格，故选 C。
Avoid dark and out-of-the-way places. Do not take short cuts through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much 7 . If you have to go to a place, and you’re not sure 8 it’s safe or not, go with someone you know or speak to someone on the phone while you are there.
( )7.A.fast B.faster C.the fastest
( )8.A.whether B.when C.where
B
A
【解析】7.B 考查形容词。句意：……即使这将使你的旅行更快。make sth./sb. adj. 是固定搭配，意为 “使某物/某人……” ，根据语境可知，此处含比较意义，用形容词的比较级，故选 B。
【解析】8.A 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：如果你必须去一个地方，而你不确定它是否安全……。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个宾语从句，且根据语境可知，此处指 “是否” ，应用 whether, whether... or not 是固定搭配，意为 “是否” ，故选 A。
Run and shout if you feel unsafe. Run away as fast as you 9 . towards a police station, hospital, or nearby shop for help. Shout as loudly as you can 10 the attention of people around.
(2022 广西中考真题改编)
( )9.A.can B.should C.must
( )10.A.getting B.to get C.got
B
A
【解析】9.A 考查情态动词。句意：尽可能快地跑向警察局……根据语境可知，此处指 “能” ，应用 can，as adv./adj. as sb. can 是固定搭配，意为 “尽可能……” ，故选 A。
【解析】10.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽可能大声地喊叫，以引起周围人的注意。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，故选 B。