2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：定语从句(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
定语从句
思维导图
考点精讲
考点1 定语从句的概念
名词 概念 示例
定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的句子 这正是我想要的书。
This is the book ___________.
先行词 被修饰的名词或代词 他就是抓住小偷的那个人。
He is ________ who caught the thief.
关系代词 引导定语从句的词 那个穿着白色衬衫的男孩是我的朋友。
The boy _________ is wearing a white shirt is my friend.
that I want
the man
who/that
即学即练
1.王先生是一个善良的人，他总是愿意帮助别人。
______________________________________________________.
2.我喜欢我母亲做的食物。
______________________________________________________.
3.袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家，我们都为他感到骄傲。
______________________________________________________.
4.我们都喜欢这位嗓音优美的歌手。
______________________________________________________.
Mr. Wang is a kind man who is always ready to help others.
I love the food which/that is cooked by my mother.
Yuan Longping is a great scientist whom we are all proud of.
We all love the singer whose voice is beautiful.
考点2 关系代词的用法
关系代词 用法 句子成分 示例
which 指物 主语宾语(可省略) 这是一个感动了很多人的故事。
This is a story _______ has ________ many people.
这是他写的书之一。
This is one of the books ______ he
______.
which
moved
which
wrote
续表
关系代词 用法 句子成分 示例
who 指人 主语 我需要一个真正关心我的朋友。
I need a friend _____ truly ______ about me.
whom 宾语 (可省略) 他是一个很多人喜爱的男孩。
He is a boy _______ many people like.
whose 指人指物 定语 把封面是红色的那本书递给我。
Pass me the book _______ cover is red.
who
cares
(whom)
whose
续表
关系代词 用法 句子成分 示例
that 指人指物 主语 宾语 (可省略) 凯特是一个有很多爱好的女孩。
Kate is a girl ________ a lot of hobbies.
我们昨晚看的电影很无聊。
The movie ______ we _____ last night was boring.
that has
(that)
saw
即学即练
( )1.The woman is the most important in my life is my
mother.
A.which B.who C.whom D.what
( )2.—Why are you so worried
—I’ve lost the watch my dad bought me on my birthday.
A.whom B.who C.whose D.which
B
D
( )3.We don’t like people talk too much but never do
anything.
A.whose B.who C.when D.which
( )4.The red skirt my mother bought for me is made of
cotton.
A.that B.when C.who D.whose
( )5.—Why don’t you like fishing
—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not
patient at all.
A.who B.whom C.that D.what
B
A
C
考点3 关系代词只能用that的情形
情形 示例
1.先行词为 all, much, little, something, anything 等不定代词时 他们什么都做不了。
There is ________ that they can do.
2.先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 这是她看过的最好看的电影。
This is ______________ that she has ever seen.
我们要做的第一件事是什么都不做。
______________ that we should do is to do nothing.
nothing
the best movie
The first thing
情形 示例
3.先行词前有 the only, the very, the last 等词修饰时 他正是我要找的人。
He is ______________ that I’m looking for.
4.先行词既有人又有物时 她回忆起她在那里看见的人和事。
She recalled the _______ and ________ that she saw there.
5.主句中已含有which 或 who 时 刚才跟你说话的人是谁？
Who’s the man _____ talked to you just now
the very person
things persons
续表
that
即学即练
( )1.I think the first lesson we are learning is very easy.
A.what B.that C.who D.when
( )2.I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in
London years ago.
A.what B.who C.that D.which
( )3.Being blind is something most people can’t imagine.
A.who B.what C.that D.whom
B
C
C
( )4.People are talking about the oldest houses the rich man
bought in Europe.
A.that B.where C.who D.when
( )5.—Do you know Mo Yan
—Of course. He is the very writer won the Nobel Prize
in 2012.
A.who B.whom C.which D.that
A
D
2022 中考真题
( )1.Yuan Longping is a great scientist will live in our heart
forever. (2022·湖南株洲)
A.which B.who C.what
( )2.—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people do
volunteer jobs. (2022·广西玉林)
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
B
C
( )3.—What kind of music do you like, Linda
—I like music I can dance to. (2022·湖南邵阳)
A.when B.that C.what
( )4.—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech I’ve ever heard.
(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨)
A.which B.that C.who
B
B
( )5.China is the first nation sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side
of the moon. (2022·湖北恩施)
A.which B.that C.who
( )6.— What kind of books do you like best
— I like books are about science and technology.
(2022·四川乐山)
A.who B.whom C.which
B
C
( )7.Rome is an ancient city is full of places of interest.
(2022·四川成都)
A.where B.which C.who
( )8.— Jeff, what are you watching
— A short video about Zhang Guimei stories move me
deeply. (2022·黑龙江牡丹江)
A.who B.whom C.whose
B
C
( )9.—Do you like the movie is called The Battle at Lake
Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is than it. (2022·四川达州)
A.that; more touching B.what; less touching
C.that; more touched D.which; less touched
( )10.—Is the woman walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches English and we all love her very
much. (2022·贵州铜仁)
A.which; our B.who; us
C.which; us D.that; our
A
B
语篇训练
(一)
It would seem that there are three kinds of travel books. The first are those 1 .give a personal, subjective (主观的) idea of travels. In these books, the writers share their traveling experiences. So they can be useful to you when you are planning your travels.
( )1.A.that B.whom C.where D.what
A
【解析】1.A 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：第一种是那些给出个人的、主观的旅行想法的书。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词those指书，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用that或which，故选A。
The second kind are those books 2 .give objective (客观的) information of things to be done and seen. If a cultured person has written such a book about the facts of a place, then it is even more useful. The third kind are those books which are called “a guide” to some place or other. If they are good, they will describe and explain the place in detail. Like the first kind, they can be interesting and exciting. But their main purpose is to help the reader 3 .wishes to plan his travel in the most practical way.
( )2.A.what B.who C.that D.when
( )3.A.how B.why C.who D.whose
C
C
【解析】2.C 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：第二类是那些介绍要做的事和要看的东西的客观信息的书籍。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 books 指物，关系代词用 which 或 that，故选 C。
【解析】3.C 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：但它们的主要用途是帮助那些希望以最实际的方式计划其旅行的读者。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 the reader 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 who 或 that，故选C。
(二)
Compared with air pollution and water pollution, noise pollution is not so widely known. However, it does great harm to people’s health as well. People 1 .live and work under noisy conditions for a long time may face the risk of becoming deaf.
( )1.A.whom B.who C.which D.when
B
【解析】1.B 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：长期在嘈杂环境下生活和工作的人可能会面临失聪的风险。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 people 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 who 或 that，故选 B。
A large number of workers have hearing problems because of the loud noise in their workplaces. One surprising fact is that some teenagers 2 .often listen to music through headphones for a long time can hear no better than old people. Besides, noise is really unpleasant to ears. It can drive those 3 .need quiet environment mad.
( )2.A.that B.which C.what D.whom
( )3.A.which B.where C.whom D.who
A
D
【解析】2.A 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：一个令人惊讶的事实是，一些经常使用耳机长时间听音乐的青少年，其听力并不比老年人好。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 teenagers 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 who或 that，故选A。
【解析】3.D 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：它可以使那些需要安静环境的人发疯。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 those(people) 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 who 或 that，故选 D。
(三)
During your teenage years, it is important to give your body the energy 1 .it needs. People 2 .skip (跳过) meals usually don’t get enough calories that their body need, and then they feel tired. By the way, “calories” is just another word 3 .is used to mean energy. Teenage girls need about 2,200 calories a day and boys need a bit more-doctors suggest 2,800 for teenage boys. 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Water helps keep your system clean. Drinking enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.
1. ____________
2.____________
that/which
who/that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：在你的青少年时期，给你的身体提供它所需要的能量是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 the energy 指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，应用 that 或 which，故填 that/which。
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：不吃饭的人通常得不到身体所需的足够热量，然后他们会感到疲倦。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 people 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 who或 that，故填 who/that。
3. ____________
that/which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：顺便说一下，“卡路里” 只是另一个用来表示能量的词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 word 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 that 或 which，故填 that/which。
(四)
Mr. Dawson lives alone. He is an old man 1 .has a bad temper (脾气). He had several apple trees 2 .were full of apples in his yard. However, kids were afraid to go into the yard. They would rather 3 .far away from it.
( )1.A.whom B.which C.who
( )2.A.which B.who C.whom
( )3.A.staying B.stay C.to stay
C
A
B
【解析】1.C 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：他是一个脾气不好的老人。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词an old man 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 who 或 that，故选 C。
【解析】2.A 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：他在他的院子里种了几棵苹果树，上面结满了苹果。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 trees 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 which 或 that，故选 A。
【解析】3.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们宁愿远离它。 would rather do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “宁愿做某事” ，动词用原形，故选 B。
One day, 4 .Janet and her friend Amy had to walk past Mr. Dawson’s yard. As soon as Janet saw him there, she suggested they cross the street and walk on 5 .side. But Amy said they didn’t need to.
When Mr. Dawson saw Amy, he smiled and said, “Hello, Amy! I see you have a new friend with you today.” Amy smiled back.
( )4.A.12-year-old B.12-years-old C.12years old
( )5.A.other B.the other C.another
A
B
【解析】4.A 考查数词。句意：有一天，12岁的珍妮特和她的朋友艾米不得不经过道森先生的院子。根据语境可知，此处指“12岁的”，后接名词 Janet，应用 12-year-old，故选 A。
【解析】5.B 考查代词。句意：……她建议他们穿过街道，走另一边。根据语境可知，此处指 “(两者中的)另一个” ，应用the other，故选 B。
Mr. Dawson was kind and gave them each 6 .fresh apple from his yard.
Later, Janet asked Amy, “Everyone says Mr. Dawson is 7 . person in town. Why was he so nice to us ” Amy explained that she was also afraid 8 .him when she first walked past his yard.
( )6.A.a B.an C.the
( )7.A.unfriendlier B.the unfriendliest C.unfriendly
( )8.A.of B.to C.with
A
B
A
【解析】6.A 考查冠词。句意：道森先生很好，给了他们每人一个他院子里的新鲜苹果。根据语境可知，此处泛指 “一个苹果”，且 fresh 的读音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a，故选 A。
【解析】7.B 考查形容词。句意：大家都说道森先生是镇上最不友好的人。根据语境以及限定范围的词组 in town可知，此处有最高级意义，应用形容词的最高级，故选 B。
【解析】8.A 考查介词。句意：艾米解释说，她第一次经过他的院子时也很害怕他。be afraid of 是固定搭配，意为 “害怕……” ，故选 A。
But she told 9 .the old man was not as cold as he seemed and tried smiling at him. To her surprise, the man smiled back. From then on, they began to talk more every time they met.
Janet then realized smiles do spread.
If we keep trying to smile at someone, sooner or later, they
10 .back.
(2022 云南中考真题改编)
( )9.A.she B.her C.herself
( )10.A.have smiled B.will smile C.smiled
C
B
【解析】9.C 考查代词。句意：但她告诉自己，这个老人并不像他看起来那样冷漠，并试图对他微笑。根据语境可知，此处指“她自己”，用反身代词，故选 C。
【解析】10.B 考查动词时态。句意：如果我们不断尝试对人微笑，迟早他们会回以微笑。此处是 if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 原则，主句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时，故选 B。