2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：主谓一致(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
主谓一致
思维导图
续表
续表
续表
考点精讲
考点1 语法一致原则
are
考点 示例
1.由and或 both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Tom and Mike _____ good friends.
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考点 示例
2.不定代词 either, neither, each, every, one, the other, another, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
___ (be) there anything wrong with your bike
没有什么事情是不可能的。Nothing ___ (be)impossible.
Is
is
续表
is
goes
考点 示例
3.由一个不定式或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式 教学相长。
To teach ___ (be) to learn.
4.“A+with／besides／but／except／as well as／including／rather than／like＋B＋谓语动词＋·....”中，谓语动词的形式和前面A部分保持数的一致(即就前原则) 那个男孩同他的父母每周去一次博物馆。
The boy with his parents _____ (go) to the museum once a week.
考点 示例
5.“one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither等＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 每个学生都在用功读书。Each of the students ___ (be) studying hard.
6．由“some (of), plenty of, a lot of, most (of), the rest (of), all (of), half (of), 分数或百分数＋of＋名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。 我们班大多数学生赞成这个计划。
Most of the students in our class ____ (be) for the plan.
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is
are
考点 示例
7.“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 许多树被砍伐了。
A number of trees ____ cut down.
我们班的学生人数是32。
The number of students in our class ___ 32.
8.none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式 他们当中还没有人到达。
None of them ____ /______(have)
arrived.
续表
is
are
has have
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考点 示例
9.表示成双成套的名词，如 trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 注意：如果这类词被 a pair／two pairs 修饰，谓语要和 pair 的形式保持一致 这支圆规是在北京制造的。
This pair of compasses ___ (be) made in Beijing.
今天早晨卖出去了5双鞋。
Five pairs of shoes ______ (be) sold out this morning.
is
were
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考点 示例
10.由“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of＋名词”，以及由与kind意义相似的 type, sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与 of前的名词保持数的一致 他们发现了一种鸟。
A kind of birds _____ (be) discovered by them.
was
考点2 逻辑一致原则
考点 示例
1.表示时间、价格、距离、重量等的可数名词复数作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式 两年是相当长的一段时间。
Two years ___ (be) quite a long time.
2．集体名词作主语时，若作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调整体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。通常有这几个名词：family, class, team, group 等 他的家族不是很庞大。
His family ______ (be) very large.
我的家人都是医生。
My family ____ (be) all doctors.
is
isn’t
are
考点 示例
3.表示学科的、以-s结尾的名词，如 physics, politics, maths 或不可数名词 news 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 这则消息让我们很高兴。
The news _______ (make) us happy.
4.疑问代词 who, which, what 和不定代词 all, more, most, some, any, none 等作主语时，谓语动词根据实际情况来决定单、复数形式 大部分水被污染了。
Most of the water ___ (be) polluted.
makes
is
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考点 示例
5.police 等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式，常见的有 people, police 等 警察正在追赶一个小偷。
The police ____ (be) running after a thief.
6.“the＋形容词”作主语，表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数形式 穷人买不起这个。
The poor ____ (be) not able to buy it.
are
are
考点3 就近原则
考点 示例
1.由 either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...连接的并列结构作主语时，随后的谓语动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理 缇娜或卡罗肯定知道答案。
Either Tina or Carol ___ (be) sure to know the answer.
不但我的父亲会来，而且他们的父亲也会来。
Not only my father but also their fathers ____ (be) coming.
我和简都不去。
Neither Jane nor I ____ (be) going.
is
are
am
考点 示例
2.“there be＋并列主语”结构中，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持数的一致 桌子上有一个苹果和两个橘子。
There ___ (be) an apple and two oranges on the table.
3.以 here 开头的句子，谓语动词与最靠近其的主语保持数的一致 公交车来了。
Here ＿＿＿ (come) the bus.
is
comes
续表
2022 中考真题
( )1.Neither Saturday nor Sunday OK because I will be quite
busy these two days. (2022·贵州黔西)
A.are B.is C.am D.be
( )2.Everyone here. Let’s go. (2022·广西柳州)
A.am B.are C.is
( )3.Here some books for you to read. (2022·广西柳州)
A.be B.is C.are D.am
B
C
C
( )4.—The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now.
—That’s for sure! Both the young and the old it.
(2022·湖南郴州)
A.likes B.like C.liked
( )5.With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减
政策), one of the changes that the students have less
homework. (2022·黑龙江绥化)
A.is B.was C.are D.were
B
A
( )6.—Using public chopsticks necessary when eating with
others.
—That’s right. (2022·贵州铜仁)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
( )7.A lot of birds in nature parks every year. (2022·天津)
A.protect B.is protected
C.are protected D.protected
A
C
( )8.—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes
still need washing.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes enough.
(2022·四川达州)
A.be B.am C.are D.is
( )9.There some milk and several apples in the fridge.
(2022·湖北恩施)
A.is B.are C.be
D
A
( )10.In our school library, there a number of books on art.
The number of the books still growing larger and larger.
(2022·贵州黔东南)
A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are
B
语篇训练
(一)
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your choice of sport 1 great influence on the environment.
( )1.A.have B.has C.had D.having
B
【解析】1.B 考查主谓一致。句意：……你应该知道你所选择的运动对环境有很大影响。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般现在时，主语是 choice，表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数 has，故选 B。
Some sports are resource-hungry (资源枯竭的). Golf, as you may know,eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy
2 .used to keep its courses (球场) in good condition. This 3 . major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
( )2.A.be B.is C.are D.am
( )3.A.cause B.are causing C.have caused D.causes
C
D
【解析】2.C 考查主谓一致。句意：此外，各种化学品和大量的能源被用于保持其球场的良好状态。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般现在时，主语是 all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy，表示复数，谓语动词应用are，故选 C。
【解析】3.D 考查主谓一致。句意：这造成了重大的环境影响。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般现在时，主语是指示代词 this，表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数 causes，故选D。
(二)
In some foreign countries, some people don’t like the number 13. They don’t think 13 1 a lucky number. For example, they don’t like to live on the 13th floor. Many hotels do not have a 13th floor. The floors 2 from 12 to 14, and there is no number 13. Some people will never sit at a table with 12 other people. My friend Jack 3 the same idea. He doesn’t like the number 13, either.
( )1.A.am B.is C.are D.be
( )2.A.goes B.go C.went D.gone
( )3.A.have B.has C.was having D.had
B
B
B
【解析】1.B 考查主谓一致。句意：他们不认为13是一个幸运数字。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般现在时，主语是数字13，表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数 is，故选 B。
【解析】2.B 考查主谓一致。句意：楼层从12到14，没有13号。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般现在时，主语是The floors，表示复数，谓语动词应用 go，故选 B。
【解析】3.B 考查主谓一致。句意：我的朋友杰克也有同样的想法。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般现在时，主语Jack 表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数 has，故选 B。
(三)
As a foreigner, the first time I ate hot pot was in Chongqing, China. The hot pot restaurant 1 one of the largest and busiest places in the city. In the restaurant, hundreds of people 2 crowded into one large room. My friend and I sat at a table with 3 large pot in the middle. It was an amazing experience. I really couldn’t forget it.
( )1.A.is B.are C.was
( )2.A.were B.was C.is
( )3.A.a B.an C.the
C
A
A
【解析】1.C 考查主谓一致。句意：这家火锅店是该市最大和最繁忙的地方之一。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般过去时，主语 The hot pot restaurant 表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数 was，故选C。
【解析】2.A 考查主谓一致。句意：在餐厅里，数百人挤在一个大房间里。根据语境及上下文可知，此处时态为一般过去时，主语 hundreds of people 表示复数，谓语动词应用 were，故选 A。
【解析】3.A 考查冠词。句意：我和我的朋友坐在一张桌子旁，中间有一个大锅。根据语境可知，此处泛指 “一个大锅” ，且large 的读音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a ，故选 A。
Today, the hot pot is one of 4 forms of cooking in China, and nearly every town and city has some hot pot restaurants. Some people might ask 5 hot pot becomes so popular. With a hot pot, you can put in any food 6 you like. The same pot can serve any number of different meals to the people sitting around the table. Everyone can eat as 7 as they want and no one is left out.
( )4.A.popular B.more popular C.the most popular
( )5.A.when B.how C.what
( )6.A.that B.who C.whom
( )7.A.many B.much C.more
C
B
A
B
【解析】4.C 考查形容词。句意：今天，火锅是中国最受欢迎的烹饪形式之一……根据语境可知，此处有最高级意义，one of +形容词最高级+名词复数，是固定搭配，意为 “最……的之一”，故选 C。
【解析】5. B 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：有些人可能会问，火锅是如何变得如此受欢迎的。根据语境及下文可知，此处指“如何”，引导词用 how，故选B。
【解析】6.A 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：有了火锅，你可以放入任何你喜欢的食物。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词 food 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用which 或 that，故选 A。
【解析】7.B 考查限定词。句意：每个人都可以想吃多少就吃多少，没有人被排除在外。根据语境及下文可知，空格后省略了food，food 是不可数名词，应用 much 修饰，故选B。
This is one of the values of Chinese culture. Finally, not only does hot pot taste wonderful, but it is the perfect way 8 time with others.
In China, people often joke that there’s no problem that a hot pot can’t solve. Over a hot pot, people can talk about not just food, but friendship. The food may soon be forgotten, 9 the friendship will stay with us forever. Even today, I remember all the good times I spent 10 my friends in Chongqing.（2022浙江中考真题改编)
( )8.A.spend B.to spend C.spending
( )9.A.but B.or C.and
( )10.A.by B.for C.with
B
A
C
【解析】8.B 考查非谓语动词。句意：……它是与他人共度时光的完美方式。the way to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”，动词用不定式，故选 B。
【解析】9.A 考查连词。句意：食物可能很快就会被遗忘，但友谊将永远留在我们身边。根据语境可知，前后句表示转折关系，用 but 连接，故选 A。
【解析】10.C 考查介词。句意：即使在今天，我仍然记得我与我的朋友在重庆度过的所有美好时光。spend time with sb.是固定搭配，意为 “与某人度过时光” ，故选 C。