2024年中考英语难点语法复习现在完成时&2份练习（含答案）

中考难点语法复习现在完成时&2份练习
“现在完成时就是一个脚踩两只船的花心大萝卜！”
“啊？此话怎讲？”
“因为它既和现在有瓜葛，又和过去扯不清。”
即使老师们这么diss现在完成时，也不用为它鸣不平，因为说的都是实情呀！
来，小板凳备好，八卦时间到！
结构：
01 现在完成时长什么样
现在完成时=have+done（动词过去分词）翻译成“已经”
注：主语若为第3人称/名词单数，have变has。
比如：
1.I have lived in China for 3 years.
我已经在中国住了3年了。
2.He has just taken the medicine.
他刚才已经吃了药了。
3.My father has already retired.
我的父亲已经退休了。
概念
02现在完成时表示什么
☆
『 某件事/动作发生在过去，且这件事/动作对现在有影响 』
还是原来的配方，还是熟悉的味道，又碰到了从小到大愣是没学懂的语法未解之谜：过去对现在有影响。
到底什么叫过去对现在有影响呢？
我们可以理解为：主语做过某事，导致现在…（有一种暗示的意味）
比如：
1.我已经看过那部电影了，（导致现在）现在不用看了。
2.她最近买了那本书，（导致现在）学习提高了。
3.我之前做过这个工作，（导致现在）有这方面的经验。
那么这三句话的前半句，都可以用现在完成时翻译：
1. I have already seen that movie...
2. She has bought the book recently...
3. I have done this job before...
所以这种情况一般要结合上下文，看具体语境。
看不懂？没关系，咱们可以记一些这种情况下的标志词：yet / already / before / just / recently / once / twice / lately / ever
这些词可以和现在完成时搭配，表示对现在有影响。
☆
『某件事/动作发生在过去，却没有结束，一直延续到现在。和时间段连用!』
比如：1. 汤姆和杰瑞认识5年啦！（5年前认识，持续到现在）
Tom has known Jerry for 5 years.
2. 过去3个月里，他已经取得了很大进步。（3个月前开始，持续进步到现在）
He has made great progress in the past 3 months.
这种情况常与for / since / up to now / until now / for a long time / these days等表示时间段的词搭配。
03
特别注意
1. 现在完成时不与过去时间点连用。
I have gone to Japan yesterday morning. （ ）
yesterday morning 是时间点不是时间段。要变为since yesterday morning。
另外：
▎他2023年去过北京。
▎我去年5月份考上了研究生。
这里的2023年和去年5月都是时间点不是时间段，要用过去时。
真正的时间段是指：1个月/2小时/3年等等。
时间标志词
1.Already（已经）肯定句中
I have already eaten breakfast.（我已经吃过早饭了。）
They have already left for the airport.（他们已经去机场了。）
2.Yet（还没有）疑问句和否定句末
I haven't finished my project yet.（我还没有完成我的项目。）
Have you seen the new movie yet （你看过那部新电影了吗？）
3.Just（刚刚）
I have just arrived home.（我刚刚到家。）
They have just started the meeting.（他们刚刚开始开会。）
4.Ever（曾经）
Have you ever visited Paris （你曾经去过巴黎吗？）
She has ever won a gold medal in swimming.（她曾经在游泳比赛中获得过金牌。）
5.Never（从未）
I have never been to Japan.（我从未去过日本。）
They have never tasted such delicious food.（他们从未尝过如此美味的食物。）
6.Before（以前，先前）
I have seen that movie before.（我以前看过那部电影。）
He has worked at that company before.（他先前在那个公司工作过。）
7.Recently（最近）
I have recently started learning Spanish.（我最近开始学西班牙语。）
She has recently moved to a new apartment.（她最近搬到了一个新公寓。）
8.For（后跟时间段）
I have been studying English for 5 years.（我已经学习英语5年了。）
They have been married for 10 years.（他们已经结婚10年了。）
9.Since（后跟时间点/一般过去时的从句）
I have been living in New York since 2020.（自2020年以来，我一直生活在纽约。）
He has been working at that company since last year.（他从去年开始在那个公司工作。）
10.How long（多久）
How long have you been working here （你在这里工作多久了？）
She asked me how long I had known her.（她问我认识她多久了。）
11.Recently（最近）
I have recently started learning Spanish.（我最近开始学西班牙语。）
She has recently moved to a new apartment.（她最近搬到了一个新公寓。）
12.Lately（最近）
He has been feeling tired lately.（他最近感觉很累。）
I haven't seen her lately.（我最近没有见过她。）
This year / month / week（今年/本月/本周）
I have already read 10 books this year.（今年我已经读了10本书。）
They have traveled to 3 countries this month.（他们本月已经去了3个国家。）
13.So far（到目前为止）
I have finished 3 projects so far.（到目前为止，我已经完成了3个项目。）
They have sold 50 units so far this month.（本月到目前为止，他们已经卖出了50个单位。）
14.Up to now（到现在为止）
I have up to now received 20 job offers.（到现在为止，我已经收到了20个工作机会。）
They have up to now completed 80% of the project.（到现在为止，他们已经完成了该项目的80%。）
瞬时性动词和持续性动词
定义
瞬时性动词：开始后立即结束或在很短的时间（几秒钟/几分钟）内结束，也叫“短暂动词”“非延续性动词”“终止性动词”，如 come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend 等。
解释：buy sth 买下某物，付了款拿了发票就完成了；borrow sth 借书，在办理了登记手续后就结束了，“借出”这个动作不是持续了很久比如几个星期的。
持续性动词：能够延续的动作，也叫“延续性动词”，如 stay, keep, know, have 等等
解释：这些动词都是可以持续下去的，概念中没有一个特定的结束象征。
用法
●现在完成时句子中
●句中没有”for+时间段、since+时间点/从句、how long”等表示“...已经多久了”的表达
肯定句：”用瞬间动词或持续性动词都可以。例：He has borrowed a book. 他已经借了一本书了；I have learned a little about Japanese. 我学过一点日语。
否定句：用瞬间动词或持续性动词都可以。例：He has never borrowed money from me.他从未向我借过钱。
I haven't learned about Japanese. 我没有学过日语。
●句中有“for+时间段、since+时间点/句子、how long“等表示“...已经多久了”的表达
肯定句：只能用持续性动词。例：His grandpa has been dead for three years. 他爷爷去世三年了。（不能用 has died for three years，而要转换成 be dead。因为 die“死去”这个瞬间性动作不可能持续三年，只有 dead“死去的”这个状态可以持续三年）
●想表达“一个瞬间性动作已经过去多久了”怎么表达
瞬时性动词可以转为相应的持续性动词，继续使用现在完成时（常见转换动词顺口溜：借买离开死来到，开始加入患感冒，打开关上又担心，回来结婚睡着了。）
buy 变 have
例：My brother has had（不能用 has bought） this bike for almost four years.
borrow 变 keep/have
例：I have kept（不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days.
become 变 be
例：How long has your sister been（不能用 has your sister become） a teacher
catch a cold 变 have a cold
例：Tom has had a cold（不能用 has caught a cold) since the day before yesterday.
put on 变 wear
例：He has worn（不能用 has put on） the glasses for ten years.
瞬间性动词变"be + 名词”
join the Party 变 be a Party member
join the army 变 be a soldier
go to school 变 be a student
瞬间性动词变"be + 形容词”
marry 变 be married
worry 变 be worried
fall/get ill 变 be ill
die 变 be dead
fall/get asleep 变 be asleep
wake 变 be awake
die/leave 变 be gone
open 变 be open
close/shut 变 be closed
lose 变 be missing/gone/lost
瞬间性动词变"be + 副词”
start/begin 变 be on
get up 变 be up
return/come back/go back to 变 be back to
come/arrive/reach/get here/there 变 be here/there
瞬间性动词变”be + 介词短语”
go/come to 变 be in/at + 地点
join the army 变 be in the army
move to 变 be in/at + 地点
不转换为持续性动词使用原瞬间性动词
用ago，使用一般过去时
例：He has died for three years. （×）变 He died three years ago.
用句型"It is+段时间+since+一般过去时从句”
例：He has died for three years. （×）变 It is three years since he died.
用句型“时间+has passed+since+一般过去时从句”
例：He has died for three years. （×）变 Three years has passed since he died.
否定句用瞬间性动词或持续性动词都可以。例：He hasn’t borrowed money from others for two months. 他有两个月没有向别人借钱了（因为瞬间性动词的现在完成时否定式可以表示“已经没有进行那个动作一段时间了”）；I haven't played the piano for seven days. 我已经七天没有弹钢琴了。
看例子：
1.The boy misses his parents very much．-So he does．They _____ the hometown for nearly two years．A．have left B．will leave C．have been away from D. left
答案：C
首先 “for nearly two years"是时间段，要用现在完成时，排除B/D。
又因为"leave"在完成时中不能和时间段连用，所以have left形式不对，答案为C。
2.---Is that a new coat？---No，I_____it for a long time．（　　）A．bought B．have bought C．have had D. buy
答案：C
首先“for a long time"是时间段，要用现在完成时，排除A/D。
又因为"buy"在完成时中不能和时间段连用，所以have bought形式不对，答案为C。
请回答：
1. 现在完成时什么形式
2. 现在完成时表示什么
3. 哪些词不能和时间段连用
练习1
一、单项选择
1. Have you met Mr. Li ___
A. just B.ago
C.before D. a moment ago
2.-----Have you been to Beijing
----No, I ____.
A.has B.have
C.hasn't D.haven't
3.I ____the film already.
A.saw B.have seen
C.see D.will see
4. Have you ever____to Canada
A.be B.are C.been D.is
5. He ____Water World last year.
A.went to B.goes to
C.has been to D.has gone to
6.---Have you ever been to Sanya
---Yes, I’ve ____been there twice.
A.already B.never
C.neither D.yet
7.Tom hasn’t been to Italy____, but he has ___been to America.
A.already,yet B.yet,already
C.already,already D.yet,yet
8.I haven’t seen the film___.
A.yet B.ever C.already D.just
9.----What are you going to do tomorrow
-----I ___yet.
A. didn’t decide B.won’t decide
C.have decide D.haven’t decided
10.----I have never been to Tokyo.
-----____.
A. So do I B.So have I
Neither have I D. Neither do I
答案：1-5:CDBCA 6-10:ABADC
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. ___you ever ____(be ) to America
2. ____you ____(find) your watch yet
3. -----Are you thirsty
----No, I ___just ___(have) some orange.
4. We ____already _____(return) the book.
5. Both of them_____ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
6. I ___(not finish) my homework yet.
7. Cindy _____(join) the book club last week and she ____(read) four books already.
8. He ____（buy）a CD yesterday, but he ____(read) it yet.
参考答案：
1. Have been
2.Have found
3.have had
4.have returned
5.came
6.haven’t finished
7.joined, has read
8.bought, hasn’t read
三、句型转换
1. He has already finished his homework.（改为否定句）
He ____finished his homework _____.
2. I have finished my homework.（改为否定句）
I ___ ____my homework.
3. I have already been to Beijing.（改为一般疑问句并否定回答）
____ you____ to Beijing ____ _____, _____ _____.
4. You have never been to Shanghai before.（改为反意疑问句）
You have never been to Shanghai before，_____ ____
5. He has worked in Beijing for a year. （对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ _____he worked in Beijing
6. Emily doesn’t do well in Chinese. Her brother doesn’t do well in Chinese, either.（合并为一句）
Emily doesn’t do well in Chinese, ____ ____her brother.
参考答案：
1. hasn’t yet
2.haven’t finished
3.Have yet, No, I haven’t
4.Have you
5.How long has
6.neither does
练习2
一、用for和since填空。
1. ----How long have you collected shell ------_____nine years.2. He's skated _____more than five hours.3. Alice ran ____twenty minutes yesterday.4. I’ve learned English___I was seven years old.5. My mother has taught English ___last year.6. She has cried _____the whole morning.7. Great changes have taken place____you left.8. He has lived here_____he came to CQ.9. The boy has been away____two hours ago.10. She has read the book____eight o’clock.
参考答案
1.For
2.for
3.for
4.since
5.since
6.for
7.since
8.since
9.since
10.since
二、非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。
A. 变成延续性V。
borrow/ lend_____ buy_______
get to know____ become______
put on______ catch a cold _____
recieve
B. 变成be+ adj/ adv /prep....
begin/start______leave______
close______ open______
finish/ end____ die_______
marry ______ join_______
fall ill_______ fall asleep ____
return/ come back / go back______
arrive/ come/ go /reach/ get/ move to
参考答案
A. 变成延续性V。
borrow/ lend-keep
buy -have
get to know-know
become-be
put on-wear/be on
catch a cold-have a cold
receive-have
B. 变成be+ adj./ adv. /prep.....
begin/start-be on
leave - be away (from)
close-be closed open-be open
finish/ end-be over
die-be dead
marry-be married
join-be in / be a member of
fall ill-be ill
fallasleep -be asleep
return/ come back / go back-be back
arrive/ come/ go /reach/ get/ move to -be in/at...
三、单项选择。
1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ____what’s happened to him.
A.knew B.have known
C.must know D.will know
2. ----Our country ____ a lot so far.
---- Yes. I hope it will be even ____.
A. has changed; well
B.changed;good
C.has changed; better
D.changed; better
3. She ____already ____in this school.
A.was; studying B.will ; study
C.has; studied D.are; studying
4. We ____Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A.know B.had known
C.have known D.knew
5. Harry Potter is a nice film. I ___it twice.
A.will see B.have seen
C.saw D.see
6. ----___you ___your homework yet
----Yes. I ___it a moment ago.
A. Did; do finished
B.Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished
D.Will ; do; finished
7. Miss Green isn’t in the office. She ____to the library.
A.has gone B.went
C.will go D.has been
8. The famous writer____one new book in the past two years.
A.is writing B.was writing
C.wrote D.has written
9. Mr. Black ____in China since five years ago.
A.lived B.has lived
C.lives D.is going to have
10. My parents ___Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B.have been to
C. have gone to D. have been
11.----These farmers have been to America.
----Really When ____there.
A.will they go B.did they go
C.do they go D.have they gone
12. His father_____the Party since 1978.
A.joined B.has joined
C.was in D.has been in
13. Hurry up! The play ____for ten minutes.
A.has begun B.had begun
C.has been on D.began
14. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ___for 20 minutes.
A.has left
B.had left
C.has been away
D.had been away
15. His uncle_____for more than 9 years.
A.has come here
B.has started to work
C.has lived here
D.has left here
16. -----Do you know him well
-----Sure. We _____friends since ten years ago.
A.were B.have been
C.have become D.have made
17. Tom _____the CD player for two weeks.
A.has lent B.has borrowed
C.has bought D.has kept
18. He is so tired that he ____for ten hours.
A. has been asleep
B.has fallen asleep
C.has gone to bed
D.has gone to sleep
19. Her grandfather ____in 1987. He ___for 29 years.
A. die; died
B.has died; has been dead
C.dying; died
D.died; has been dead
20. ____has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he ____to China
A. How soon; comes
B. How often; got
B. How long ; came
D. How far; arrived
21.It ___ten years since he left the army.
A.is B.has
C.will D.was
参考答案
1-5:BCCCB 6-11:BADBAB
12-16:DCCCB
17-21:DADBA
四、句型转换。
1. I bought this book two days ago.（改为同义句）
I ____ _____this book since two days ago.
2. We’ve lived in CQ since five years ago.（改为同义句）
We’ve lived in CQ____ ____ ____.
3. I have lived here since I was a child.（对划线部分提问）
_____ ____ ____ you lived here
4. This factory opened twenty years ago.（改为同义句）
This factory ___ ____ ___for twenty years.
5. She borrowed the dictionary three weeks ago.（改为同义句）
She ____ ____the dictionary for three weeks.
6. The old man died last year.（改为同义句）
The old man ___ ____ ____for a year.
7.The Green family moved to France two years ago.（改为同义句）
___two years___the Green family moved to France.
8.The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（合并为一个句子）
_______________.
1. He left 10 years ago. （改为同义句）
=He ten years.
=He ten years .
=It 10 years since he .
=It 10 years since he .
=Ten years since he .
参考答案：
1. have had
2.for five years
3.How long have
4. has been open
5.has kept
6.has been dead
7.It’s since
8.The bus has been here for ten minutes.(答案不唯一)
9.has been away for,
has been away since ago,
is left,
has been left,
has passed left.