Unit 5 Water 基础检测（含解析）2023-2024学年广东省广州市七年级英语下册

Unit 5 Water
基础检测
一、语法选择。
Water is the 1 of all the things we eat and drink. Not many people understand this but 2 quite true. The human body 3 go without food for a long time. We've got many examples for this. Yet two 4 three days without water can usually make people 5 . Man can't live 6 water.
Many people don't understand how 7 water the human body needs 8 work well, and many people, especially young people, do not drink enough, 9 in very hot weather. Our body is mostly water, about 65% to 75%. That is to say about two thirds of our body is water. When we do sports, some of the water will get away from our body. 10 we don't drink some water, we won't have enough water. If we don't have enough water, we'll feel tired and many of us will get ill. So you know how important water is to us.
1.A．important B．most important
C．more important D．different
2.A．it's B．its C．it D．is
3.A．can B．could
C．must D．should
4.A．so B．and C．but D．or
5.A．to die B．die C．to died D．died
6.A．have B．with C．without D．in
7.A．many B．much C．little D．few
8.A．and B．the C．/ D．to
9.A．even B．ever
C．almost D．hardly
10.A．If B．For
C．Since D．Because
二、 完形填空
Miss Richards was a teacher at a school for boys and girls. She 11． Chemistry and Physics from the lowest to the highest classes in the 12． . Sometimes the new classes learned 13． , but sometimes they were very 14． , and then Miss Richards had to 15． things many times.
One year, the first class had been studying Chemistry for several 16． when Miss Richards suddenly asked, "What is water Who knows 17． up!"
There was silence for a few seconds，and Miss Richards felt sad，but then one boy 18． his hand.
"Yes，Dick " said Miss Richards encouragingly. He was not one of the brightest children in the class，so she was 19． that he could answer.
"Water is a liquid which has no 20． until you wash your hands in it，Miss. Then it turns black," the boy replied with great confidence.
11.A． learned B． had
C． taught D． found
12．A． class B． school
C． grade D． classroom
13．A． rapidly B． sadly
C． happily D． slowly
14．A． slow B． short
C． long D． open
15．A． say B． talk
C． repeat D． speak
16．A． years B． minutes
C． weeks D． months
17．A． Heads B． Hands
C． Feet D． Legs
18．A． lowed B． rode
C． raised D． put
19．A． sad B． glad
C． angry D． worried
20．A． colour B． shape
C． smell D． name
三、阅读理解。
A
Many years ago, most of our earth was covered with blocks (块) of ice. These ice blocks were as tall as high buildings in modern cities. Most of the ice was in the northern part of the world. Then the ice blocks started to move south. Cold and rain came with the ice. Animals had to move. At last, the ice began to melt (融化). After half a million years, most of it melted. More than half of the earth became covered with water. The climatebecame much warmer. Things began to grow. The earth began to look the way in which it looks today.
21.Many years ago, our earth was very___________.
A．warm B．hot C．dry D．cold
22.What did animals try to do when the ice blocks moved south
A．They tried to stop them moving. B．They tried to melt them.
C．They tried to move. D．They tried to stay ahead of them.
23.The melting ice may help to form __________.
A．mountains and valleys B．the sun, the moon and the earth
C．cities and countries D．seas, lakes and rivers
24.The underlined word "climate" means "__________".
A．the freezing ice B．the general weather conditions
C．the moving of the ice blocks D．a plant or an animal
25.Which of these things might happen because the Ice Age ended
a. Forests grew. b. Food became harder to find.
c. Fishing became easier. d. The temperature dropped.
A．ab B．bd C．cd D．ac
B
Imagine you are taking a walk on the beautiful beach. Just then, your feet step over something and you hear a crack (噼啪声) —an empty plastic bottle. Things like this are happening more often because of sea rubbish.
Studies show that 80% of all the waste is from the land. The waste is mainly plastics (塑料制品) which are really hard to degrade (降解). So the rubbish will remain there for a long time. Some of the pollution is caused accidentally. For example, about 10,000 product-filled boxes are lost at sea every year from business ships. Sometimes people just throw things into the water from boats or land. Many large rubbish areas are formed in the North Pacific Ocean.
Thankfully, the situation isn't ignored (忽视). Groups like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are taking action to help clean the sea. Since 2006,76 projects have cleared out 3,814 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish from the sea. Methods of rubbish cleaning include using machines to remove (移除) the waste away from the surface of sea water. Besides, special nets are set by the mouths of rivers to stop the rubbish before it reaches the sea. If everyone does his part, sea rubbish seems like a problem that can be solved.
26.The sea waste made of __________will remain for a long time.
A．paper B．wood C．plastic D．cotton
27.In the second paragraph we can know __________are also some of the sea rubbish.
A．special cleaning nets B．large factory machines
C．passing business boats D．lost product-filled boxes
28.In order to __________, some projects are done by different groups.
A．stop people from fishing B．fight against the sea pollution
C．develop trade in the seafood D．produce new kinds of plastics
29.In order to __________, special nets are set by the mouths of rivers.
A．prevent the rubbish reaching the sea
B．clean the surface of the dirty sea water
C．build more sea rubbish collecting areas
D．make people care about the environment
30.According to the passage, we can imagine the future of the sea will be__________.
A．terrible B．dark
C．quiet D．hopeful
四、任务型阅读
阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。 We live on the earth. We use the sea around us. What do we take from the ocean And what do we give to it
We take fishes from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. 　 31 　We take minerals (矿物) from the ocean. We can get salt by evaporating (蒸发) seawater.
　 32 　such as gold. 　 33 　Seaweed (海草) becomes food of many kinds—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We can't drink ocean water.　 34 　But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water and other gifts. What do we give the sea We pollute the ocean all the time. 35 　Throwing waste into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A. Other gifts, such as seaweed, can be also got from the sea. B. Huge as it is, the ocean can't hold all that we pour into it. C. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. D. We even use their bones (骨头) for fertilizer (肥料). E. Some of its contents (所含物) may cause illness.
五、首字母填空
36．We can go to a b　 　 to keep and lend money.
37．My mother often gives me some c 　 　 after shopping.
38．I don't know the q　 　 of the students in your class clearly. How many students are there
39．We should not eat too much s　 　. It's bad for our health.
40．Po-yang Lake is the largest f　 　 water lake in China.
六、完成句子
41．大部分水不可饮用。
　 　　 　　 　　 　isn't drinkable.
42．他每两小时休息一下。
He rests 　 　　 　　 　.
43．早起不容易。
　 　　 　　 　 　get up early.
44．我们通过修理滴水的水龙头节约水。
We save water by　 　　 　 　tap.
45．人们怎样处理脏水？
How do people 　 　　 　　 　
七、书面表达
46.假如你是李华，请给你的美国网友写一封邮件，探讨一下现在面临的水资源问题以及如何节约用水。不少于70字。
答案解析部分
一1．【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）A；（4）D；（5）B；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）A；（10）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了水对人类生存的重要性，以及喝水少的弊端，应重视每天摄入足够的水，让身体更好。
（1）句意：水是我们吃的和喝的所有东西中最重要的。important重要的；most important最重要的；more important更重要的；different不同的。根据定冠词the和比较范围all the things可知，此处应使用形容词的最高级形式。故选B。
（2）句意：不是很多人理解这一点，但这是千真万确的。 it's它是；its它的；it它；is是。分析句子结构，本空缺少主语和谓语成分，结合句意。故选A。
（3）句意：人的身体可以在很长一段时间内不吃东西。can能，能够；could可能；must必须；should应该。根据句意，人的身体能够活下去。故选A。
（4）句意：然而两三天不喝水通常会使人死亡。so因此；and和；but但是；or或者。根据本空前后two和three days，可知此处表示两三天，two or three days两三天，为固定短语。故选D。
（5）句意：然而两三天不喝水通常会使人死亡。to die死亡（动词不定式）；die死亡（动词原形）；to died死亡；died死亡（动词过去式或过去分词）。根据句意和选项内容可知，此处人和死亡有被动关系，因此使用make sb. done的形式。故选B。
（6）句意：人们不能离开水而生存。have有；with带着；without不带；in在......。根据句意，此处表示没有水，人类不能活。因此使用without。故选C。
（7）句意：很多人不知道人体需要多少水才能正常工作。many许多（后接可数名词复数）；much许多（后接不可能数名词）；little少许（后接不可数名词）；few少许（后接可数名词复数）。根据所修饰的名词water，为不可数名词，结合常识，应为许多水。故选B。
（8）句意：很多人不知道人体需要多少水才能正常工作。and并且；the这个；to去......。根据句意，此处表目的，为了身体能正常工作，因此使用动词不定式to do的形式。故选D。
（9）句意：特别是年轻人，不喝足够的水，甚至在非常炎热的天气。even甚至；ever曾经；almost几乎；hardly几乎不。根据句意，in very hot weather，在句意上有递进，因此使用even。故选A。
（10）句意：如果我们不喝一些水，我们将没有足够的水。If如果；For为了......；Since自从；Because因为。分析句子结构，本句为条件状语从句，表示假设，因此使用if来引导。故选A。
【点评】考查语法选择。首先通读全文，弄清大意，然后分析设空处所在句子的结构，注意形容词最高级、情态动词、动词不定式、介词、固定搭配等因素，选择正确答案，最后再次通读全文，核查疏漏。
二、答案】11．C；12．B；13．A；14．A；15．C；16．C；17．B；18．C；19．B；20．A
三．A【答案】21-25DCDBD
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了许多年前地球被冰块覆盖，动物不得不因此迁徙，随着冰块融化成水，万物开始生长，变成了如今的地球。
（1）细节理解题。根据Many years ago, most of our earth was covered with blocks (块) of ice.许多年前，我们地球的大部分被冰块覆盖着。可知当时的地球非常冷。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Animals had to move.动物们不得不搬家。可知当冰块向南移动时，动物们试图搬家。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据More than half of the earth became covered with water.地球的一半以上被水覆盖着。可知熔化的冰变成了水，可推知会形成海洋、湖泊和河流。故选D。
（4）词义猜测题。根据became much warmer变得更热了，可知climate与天气、气候有关系。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。a. Forests grew.森林增长；b. Food became harder to find.食物越来越难找；c. Fishing became easier.钓鱼变得更容易；d. The temperature dropped.温度下降了。根据Things began to grow.万物开始生长，可知森林可能也增长了，a会发生；根据More than half of the earth became covered with water.可知水变多了，因此钓鱼变得更容易，c会发生。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先弄清全文大意，然后分析提干，细节理解题可从文章相应句子找出答案，词义猜测题可结合上下句关系，以及相近词句进行猜测；推理判断题可找出文章中的重要信息，结合常识进行推断。
B【答案】26-30 CDBAD
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了海洋污染的来源，以及多年来致力于解决海洋污染问题的组织，不断努力改善海洋环境。
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中The waste is mainly plastics which are really hard to degrade.这些垃圾主要是很难降解的塑料。造成海洋污染的主要原因是塑料。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中For example, about 10,000 product-filled boxes are lost at sea every year from business ships. 例如，每年有大约1万个装满产品的箱子从商船上丢弃在海上。可知丢弃的产品箱子也是海洋污染的一类。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中taking action to help clean the sea.采取措施去帮助清理海洋。可知此处表示不同的组织为了战胜海洋污染而采取行动。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段中Besides, special nets are set by the mouths of rivers to stop the rubbish before it reaches the sea.此外，河口还设置了特殊的网来阻止垃圾流入大海。可知特殊网的建立是为了阻止垃圾流入大海。故选A。
（5）推理判断题。统观全文，本文讲述了海洋垃圾的危害，并介绍了许多组织在帮助清理海洋污染，努力解决垃圾问题。可推知，未来的海洋将会非常有希望。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先弄清全文大意，然后分析题干，细节理解题可从原文相应段落找出答案；推理判断题可分析全文内容，总结中心思想，并整理归纳，选出正确答案。
四、【答案】31-35 D；C；A；E；B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了海洋是生命之源，人们可以从海洋中得到很多东西，但是人们的日常生活却在不断地污染海洋，并警示我们不要去破坏海洋。
A. Other gifts, such as seaweed, can be also got from the sea.其他礼物，如海藻，也可以从海里得到。
B. Huge as it is, the ocean can't hold all that we pour into it.尽管海洋很大，但它容纳不了我们倾注进去的所有东西。
C. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.和盐一样，其他矿物质在蒸发后也会留下来。
D. We even use their bones (骨头) for fertilizer (肥料).我们甚至用它们的骨头当肥料。
E. Some of its contents (所含物) may cause illness.它的一些内容可能会导致疾病。
（1）根据前句millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people.每年数百万公斤的鱼，养活了数百万人。可知后句的内容也跟鱼有关，此处表示利用他们的骨头做肥料。故选D。
（2）根据前句We can get salt by evaporating (蒸发) seawater.我们可以通过蒸发海水得到盐。可知后句的内容与盐有关。故选C。
（3）根据后句Seaweed (海草) becomes food of many kinds—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine.海藻可以成为许多种类的食物——甚至是糖果和冰淇淋——以及药物。可知前句的内容与海藻有关。故选A。
（4）根据前句We can't drink ocean water.我们不能喝海水。可知后句的内容要引申不能喝的原因。故选E。
（5）根据前句We pollute the ocean all the time.我们一直在污染海洋，以及后句Throwing waste into the ocean is killing off sea life.向海洋中倾倒废物正在杀死海洋生物。可知此处表示海洋不能容纳我们扔的废物。故选B。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。首先弄清全文大意，然后分析设空处前后句逻辑关系，总结其主要描述的对象，选择正确答案，最后再次通读全文，核查疏漏。
五、36【答案】bank
【解析】【分析】句意：我们可以去银行存钱和借钱。a后面用可数名词单数，根据keep and lend money存钱和借钱，可知去银行存钱和借钱，bank，银行，可数名词，a后面用单数，故填bank。
【点评】考查名词拼写，首先根据关键词句和首字母确定单词，然后注意可数名词单复数形式。
37．【答案】change
【解析】【分析】句意：我妈妈经常购物后给我一些零钱。some修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，after shopping购物后，结合首字母可知妈妈购物后会给我一些零钱，即change零钱，不可数名词，故填change。
【点评】考查名词拼写，首先识记some修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，然后理解句意。
38．【答案】quantity
【解析】【分析】句意：我不清楚你们班的学生人数。有多少学生？the后面用名词，根据How many students are there 有多少学生，可知问的是学生数量，即quantity，不可数名词，the quantity of......的数量，固定搭配，故填quantity。
【点评】考查名词拼写，首先根据关键词句和首字母确定单词，然后识记固定搭配the quantity of，理解句意。
39．【答案】salt
【解析】【分析】句意：我们不应该吃太多盐，它对我们的健康是有害的。too much太多，修饰不可数名词，根据It's bad for our health.可知它对我们的健康是有害的，结合首字母可知是吃太多盐是有害的，salt，盐，不可数名词，故填salt。
【点评】考查名词拼写，首先根据关键词句和首字母确定单词，然后注意不可数名词。
40．【答案】fresh
【解析】【分析】句意：鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖。根据常识可知鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖，fresh water lake，固定搭配，fresh新鲜的，形容词，故填fresh。
【点评】考查形容词拼写，首先根据常识识记固定搭配fresh water lake，然后理解句意。
六．41【答案】Most；of；the；water
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知此处缺少成分“大部分水”。大部分......most of，水water，故答案为Most of the water。
【点评】考查汉译英。注意固定搭配most of的用法。
42【答案】every；two；hours
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，缺少“每两小时”。每，every，限定词；两小时，two hours，每两小时用every two hours表达，故填every，two，hours。
【点评】考查汉译英。识记every作为限定词的使用方法。
43．【答案】It's；not；easy；to
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“不容易”，该句型为It is+adj+to do sth，做某事是怎样的，容易的，easy，句首首字母大写，故填It's，not，easy，to。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意根据中英文对照确定所缺成分。
44．【答案】fixing；a；dripping
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知此处缺少成分“ 修理滴水的 ”，修理fix，介词by后跟doing，滴水的dripping，不定冠词a+单数名词表示一类东西，故答案为fixing a dripping。
【点评】考查汉译英。注意介词后跟动名词短语。
45．【答案】treat；dirty；water
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，缺少“处理脏水”。处理、对待，treat，及物动词；肮脏的，dirty，形容词；水，water，不可数名词。因此处理脏水用treat dirty water；此句是特殊疑问句，处理treat在句中做谓语，用原形，故填treat，dirty，water。
【点评】考查汉译英。在做此类题目时，现根据中英文对照确定缺少的部分，然后匹配相关的英语单词，根据语法规则连接起来，要注意时态、语态问题。
七．【答案】Dear Jim,
I am writing to tell you something about water.
Everyone knows that water is important to all living things. However, much water is wasted every day. What's worse, there are many people in the world that can't have clean water to drink.
As for how to save water, here is some advice from my classmates. First, we should do something small in our daily life. Fox example, we should turn off the tap as soon as we finish using it. Second, we can recycle water. Third, everyone should know the importance of water. Only when all the people work together can more water be saved.
Let's work together to save water!
Best wishes!
Yours
Li Hua