2023-2024学年八年级英语下册Unit 8 A green world 单元必刷题（牛津译林版，南京专用，含解析）
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2023-2024学年八年级英语下册Unit 8 A green world单元必刷题（牛津译林版）（南京专用）
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：90分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷
选择题（满分40分）
一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1．Please the lights when you go out.
A．turn down B．turn up
C．turn on D．turn off
2．More schools in Laiwu ________ to provide children with better education in a few years.
A．built B．are built C．were built D．will be built
3．The car needs checking. It may cause accidents if it _______ soon.
A．won’t check B．won’t be checked
C．doesn’t check D．isn’t checked
4．—Sir, did you see the sign “No Parking”
—Sorry. I didn’t know parking here isn’t ________.
A．prevented B．refused C．allowed D．expected
5．Without enough trees, soil won’t be kept ________. And then sandstorms may happen.
A．in the place B．on place
C．in place D．on the place
6．The young man was seen ________ into a bank by a policeman.
A．to break B．break C．breaks D．broken
7．Will the patient ________ when the doctor ________
A．operate; reaches B．operated; arrives
C．be operated on; arrives D．be operated; gets to
8．These new clothes ________ to the children in the village tomorrow.
A．are sent B．were sent
C．will sent D．will be sent
9．Waste ________ different groups in some countries.
A．is separated into B．are separated into C．is separated to D．are separated to
10．The air ________ is very serious here now. Please stop ________ it.
A．pollute; pollution B．pollution; polluting
C．pollution; to pollute D．pollution; pollution
11．Which of the following is a kind of new energy
A．Coal. B．Oil. C．Gas. D．Wind.
12．These kinds of CD-ROMs ________ in that shop over there. They ________ well.
A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sell
C．sell; sell D．sell; are sold
13．A report says that the world’s natural gas ________ in the future.
A．will be run out B．will use up C．will run out D．will be cleaned up
14．The poor girl needs an operation. But it will ________ a lot of money.
A．pay B．cost
C．spend D．have
15．A new bike ________ me by my father last week.
A．is buying B．was bought to C．is bought for D．was bought for
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A.B.C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If you often have a cold, headache or backache, there is something wrong with your health. Eating healthy food 16 good for our health. Tofu (豆腐), milk, vegetables are healthy for us. Tofu is a kind of common 17
food. We often 18 it in China. Now more and more people 19 other countries think tofu is good for health, 20 .They also like eating it. Milk is 21 kind of healthy food. Every day you should 22 one or two glasses of milk. It can keep us 23 Vegetables are very important.You should eat 24 them,they are nutritious(有营养的).As we know,it's important to keep a balanced diet (均衡饮食).We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat some pork, chicken and beef. We should eat more fruit and vegetables 25 less meat.
16．A．are B．was C．will be D．is
17．A．Japanese B．American C．English D．Chinese
18．A．eat B．drink C．take D．play
19．A．for B．with C．in D．at
20．A．too B．also C．neither D．either
21．A．the other B．other C．another D．others
22．A．drinking B．drink C．take D．to take
23．A．strong B．weak C．thin D．heavy
24．A．a lot B．plenty C．much D．a lot of
25．A．as B．never C．but D．though.
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A.B.C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Last month, some groups of students in their community made a survey about “How do people spend their free time ” The following diagrams (图表) show some results of it:
Diagram (1): Different days people go to the library. (library attendance)
Diagram (2): Different TV programs people like.
Diagram (3): Hours for people of different ages who surf the Internet in a week.
26．People aged ________ spend the most time surfing the Internet every week.
A．over 56 B．31—55 C．7—16 D．17—30
27．Which of the following TV programs is the most popular one among people
A．News B．Cartoons C．Sports D．Chat
28．Which of the following is Not TRUE according to the diagrams
A．Most people often go to the library on Wednesday.
B．The fewest people enjoy watching shows.
C．More than half of the people love watching music and chat.
D．People over 56 spend the least time surfing the Internet.
B
Time flies when you play on your smartphone (智能手机). But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying
It is because there something small and hard to see: dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post (发布). This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations (期待) are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits on apps to avoid using them too much.
“As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it,” said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student. You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence (影响) in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.
29．According to the article, when students study,
A．they feel time pass quickly. B．they feel time pass more slowly.
C．they are getting happier. D．their brain give out more dopamine.
30．When do people have more dopamine
A．When they know what will happen next. B．When they stay at home.
C．When their expectations are met. D．When they face fewer unknown things.
31．Which of the following might Daniel Wong suggest to make learning interesting
A．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life.
B．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life.
C．Setting time limits on everything you do.
D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others.
C
About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”.
Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Thousands of manatees were hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time.
Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
32．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B．
C． D．
33．Which shows the correct order of the reasons for manatees’ death
A．sea pollution → growth of algae → death of sea grass → death of manatees
B．growth of algae → sea pollution → death of sea grass → death of manatees
C．sea pollution → death of sea grass→ growth of algae → death of manatees
D．growth of algae → death of sea grass→ sea pollution → death of manatees
34．What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”
A．to be hit by boats B．to eat up sea grass
C．to die from hunger D．to lose swimming ability
35．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Beds Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
D
Environmental protection is one of the hottest topics nowadays. It was also something that ancient (古代的) Chinese paid great attention to. In fact, the world’s earliest environmental protection idea, ministry (政府的部) and law were all born in China. How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment
The world’s earliest idea of “managing state affairs (治国) through environmental protection”
Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period, came up with the idea of “managing state affairs through environmental protection”. He wrote in his book that plants should be protected well by humans.
Guan Zhong, a government officer 400 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert. He said “a king who cannot protect his plants is not doing a good job”.
____________
Nine ministries set up by Shun, an ancient Chinese emperor, included “Yu”, an environmental protection
ministry. The first “Yu” leader was Boyi, an environmental protection expert. He invented wells so people could drink clean water. He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.
The world’s earliest “environmental protection law”
Over 4,000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.
Almost 3,000 years ago, Tianlu, the first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin. It recorded many ancient environmental protection rules. Two of them were interesting: firstly, make sure that rivers run smoothly; secondly, grass and trees should be burned to be fertilizer (肥料) only in summer. The second one is helpful even for today. It can help to keep air clean and fresh.
36．What is the purpose of first paragraph
A．To draw a conclusion (总结). B．To show an example.
C．To give the reasons. D．To introduce the topic.
37．Which of the following is the most suitable to be on the line ________
A．The world’s earliest idea of “animal protection ministry”
B．The world’s earliest “environmental protection leaders and experts”
C．The world’s earliest “environmental protection ministry”
D．The world’s earliest “animal protection leaders and experts”
38．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．The first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin.
B．Plants shouldn’t be burned in spring.
C．Boyi improved drinking water quality and asked people to protect animals.
D．Guan Zhong wrote in his book that vegetation should be protected well by humans.
39．Why didn’t Dayu allow people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June
A．Because people can only get wood and fish at the right time.
B．Because it was the time when they grew slowly.
C．Because they are against the law made by Dayu.
D．Because Dayu is a water-control expert and also an emperor.
40．Which of the following websites may the article be from ________
A．http://www. B．http://www.
C．http://www. D．http://www.
第II卷
非选择题（满分50分）
四、填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
A）请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确，并将答案填写相应横线上。
41．Are there many (不同) between British English and American English
42．The problem is very (严重的).
43．Don’t (产生) too much noise.
44．The hole was (挖) five minutes ago. We can put the young tree in it.
45．Here are the results of the (调查).
B）请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答索填写在相应横线上。
46．Our school is (fill) with bad smell because of the pollution from the factory.
47． (limit) the number of waste around is a good way to do with pollution.
48．Hurry up if you want to get there on time. The plane (take) off in five minutes.
49．— When shall we go to watch the football league match (联赛)
— Not until the work (finish) next Saturday.
50．It is said that another two bridges (build) over Changjiang River in the coming three years.
C）请根据短文内容，从下面方框中所给的七个选项选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通意思通顺，并将句子序号填写在答题卡标号为51-55的相应横线上。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
In China, each year there is about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also get waste from some developed (发达的) countries. We get useful materials from it. 51 Still burned or buried. But is it a correct way
Waste pollutes the Earth, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development (阻碍可持续发展). 52 We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代).
53 We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2020, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And we make laws to deal with waste. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
54 One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into our life.
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting (分类). Many tech (科技) companies are making waste-sorting robots. The future of the waste-sorting looks good. But it’s not the best way. 55 I also hope more and more people can take action to protect the Earth.
A．China is getting really serious about waste now.
B．China also tries to put waste into good use.
C．What about the useless part
D．We shouldn’t make money at the cost of the future of the Earth.
E．The government has made laws to deal with the waste.
F．A large number of cities have their own sorting systems.
G．The best thing we can do is to make less rubbish in the first place.
五、阅读短文（共15小题；56-60题每小题2分，61-70题每小题1分，满分20分）
A）请认真阅读下面短文，根据短文内容用英语回答5个题目。要求所写答案语法正确、语义切题，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为56-60的相应横线上。
A natural resource is anything people can use which comes from nature. People cannot make natural resources, but get them from the earth. Examples of natural resources are air, water, copper, wood, oil, wind energy, hydro-electric energy, iron and coal. Refined(精炼的) oil is not a natural resource because people make it.
We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups: renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
A renewable resource can grow again and come back again after we use it. For example, soil, sunlight, water and wood are renewable resources.
A non-renewable resource is a resource that cannot grow or come back, or a resource that will take a very long time to come back. For example, coal is a non-renewable resource. When we use more coal, there will be less coal afterward. One day, there will be no coal to make goods. The non-renewable resource can be used up directly, or we can find a renewable resource to replace it. It is important to save non-renewable resources, because if we use them too quickly, there will not be enough in the future.
Most natural resources are limited. This means that they will run out. But a perpetual(长久的；无尽的) resource won’t. Some examples of perpetual resources include solar energy, tidal(潮汐的) energy and wind energy. Other examples are salt, stone and diamonds.
回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过5个词。
56．Where can we get natural resources like air, water and oil
______________________________________________________________
57．What isn’t included in natural resources according to Paragraph 1
______________________________________________________________
58．How many groups can natural resources be divided into
______________________________________________________________
59．Why do we say most natural resources are limited
______________________________________________________________
60．What do you think is the best title for the passage？
______________________________________________________________
B）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为61-70的相应位置上。
In general, laws for children are a good thing.
One hundred years ago in industrial countries, children worked 18 h 61 a day in a factory at age seven. The factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast e 62 . B 63 parents and teachers could do the same.
Today, there are many laws about children all over the world. Some people think children must obey r 64 or they should be punished. Others do not a 65 . The Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children. The parents don’t hit them. If the children go too far, the parents punish them b 66 making fun of them.
Children in other parts of the world are not as l 67 as Eskimo children. American parents can spank （打……臀部） their children at home, but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. This is a 68 true in Germany. In contrast（对比）, it is against（违反）the law for anyone to h 69 a child in Sweden. Swedish parents cannot spank their children. The children also have a special government official who works for their r 70 . There is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet！
六、书面表达（满分15分）
71．假如你是李华，请以“What can we do for the environment ”为题，用英语写一篇关于保护环境的80词左右的演讲稿。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
内容提示：
1. 在购物时使用布袋子（cloth bag）代替塑料袋；
2. 尽可能地再利用使用过的书本；
3. 离开教室应关灯；
4. 最好走路或骑自行车上学；
5. 简述理由（保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等）。
What can we do for the environment
Our environment is becoming worse and worse. What can we do for the environment I think each of us can do a little bit to help with the problem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：当你出去的时候请关掉灯。turn down关小声音；拒绝；turn up开大声音；出现；turn on打开；turn off关掉。根据句意when you go out可知，出去的时候应关灯，故选D。
2．D
【详解】句意：莱芜在几年内将建更多的学校去为儿童提供更好的教育。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语schools和谓语动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；句中的时间状语in a few years“几年之后”表示将来，故用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be ＋ 动词的过去分词”。故选D。
3．D
【详解】句意：这辆汽车需要检查。如果不尽快检查，可能会导致事故。
考查一般现在时的被动语态用法。if引导的条件状语从句，主句含情态动词，从句用一般现在时。主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：——先生，你看到“禁止停车”的标志了吗？ ——很抱歉，我不知道这里不准停车。
考查动词辨析。prevented阻止；refused拒绝；allowed允许；expected期待。根据“did you see the sign ‘No Parking’ ”可知，此处指不允许停车。故选C。
5．C
【详解】句意：没有充足的树木，泥土不能保持固定，进而就可能会发生沙尘暴。
考查固定短语。keep in place是固定短语，表示“固定住、保持、保有”。此处指“泥土固定在适当位置”。故选C。
6．A
【详解】句意：这个年轻人被一个警察看到闯进了一家银行。
考查非谓语动词。be seen to do sth“被看到做过某事”，be seen doing sth“被看到正在做某事”。结合选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：当医生来的时候，这个病人会被做手术吗？
考查被动语态及动词辨析。reach到达，及物动词；arrive到达，不及物动词；get to到达，及物动词词组。第二空在句末，应使用不及物动词，故排除AD；operate on“给……做手术”，是及物动词短语，operate不及物动词。“the patient”与“动手术”是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。
8．D
【详解】句意：这些新衣服明天将要送给村里的孩子们。
考查一般将来时态的被动语态。主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动结构be done，根据时间“tomorrow”可知，用一般将来时，故选D。
9．A
【详解】句意：在一些国家，垃圾被分成不同的类别。
考查主谓一致。主语Waste是不可数名词，因此谓语用is，排除B和D；be separated into意为“被分成”。没有be separated to的用法。故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：现在这里的空气污染非常严重。请停止污染它。
考查词义辨析和非谓语动词。air pollution“空气污染”，排除A。stop doing sth“停止做某事”，stop to do sth“停止一件事去做另一件事”，根据“Please stop...it.”可知，是停止污染。故选B。
11．D
【详解】句意：下列哪一项是一种新能源？
考查常识。Coal煤；Oil油；Gas气体；Wind风。结合实际可知风能是新能源，故选D。
12．B
【详解】句意：这些种类的CD-ROM在那边的那个商店卖，它们卖得好。
考查被动语态的用法。根据主语CD-ROMs和动词sell之间是被动关系，所以第一空用被动结构be done，第二空用sell well，是用主动表示被动的关系，故选B。
13．C
【详解】句意：一个报道说世界的天然气在未来将会耗尽。
考查动词短语辨析。run out不及物动词短语，耗尽；use up及物动词短语，用光；clean up打扫干净。主语是“natural gas”，可推知空格处是要表示“耗尽”，排除D；run out不及物动词短语，无被动语态，排除A；use up及物动词短语，此处需用被动语态，表示“natural gas”被用完，排除B，故选C。
14．B
【详解】句意：这个贫穷的女孩需要做手术。但是这要花费大量的钱。
考查动词用法。pay支付，人做主语；cost花费，事物做主语；spend花费，人做主语；have有。此处 it表示女孩做手术这件事，做主语时，表示花费谓语用cost。故选B。
15．D
【详解】句意：上周我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。“bike”与“buy”之间是动宾关系，需要用被动语态，结构是be+过去分词。故排除A；由“last week.”可知时态是一般过去时，故排除C；buy sth for sb“为某人买某物”。介词用for。故选D。
16．D 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C
【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了两种健康食物，豆腐和牛奶。另外作者也提到蔬菜也是健康食物。作者认为保持平衡的饮食对健康是重要的。
16．句意：吃健康的事物对我们的身体有好处。
are系动词复数；was过去式； will be 将来时；is 系动词第三人称单数。本句动名词做主语看做单数，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选D。
17．句意：豆腐是一种传统的中国食物。
Japanese日本的；American美国的；English 英国的； Chinese中国的。根据下文“We often…it in China”，
可知是中国的传统食品，故选D。
18．句意：在中国，我们经常吃它。
eat 吃；drink喝；take带走；play玩。根据后文“They also like eating it”，可知eat符合句意，故选A。
19．句意：现在在别的国家有越来越多的人也认为豆腐对健康有益。
for 为了；with和；in在……里；at在，表示小地点。“____ other countries” 作people的后置定语，指“在别的国家里” ，应用介词in，故选 C。
20．句意：现在其它国家的很多人也认为豆腐对健康有好处。
too也，用于肯定句句末；also也，用在实意动词前面，助动词、be动词或情态动词后；neither也不，否定意义；either也，用于否定句句末。本句为肯定句，且所填词位于句末，可知用too。故选A。
21．句意：牛奶是另一种健康食品。
the other（两个中的）另一个；other其他的，形容词，表示泛指，一般修饰可数名词复数；another另一个（种……），泛指，一般修饰可数名词单数；others其他的，代词。根据题干“Milk is the other kind of healthy food”，可知是不同于豆腐的另一种，故选C。
22．句意：你每天应该喝一杯或者两杯牛奶。
drinking喝，动名词形式；drink喝，动词原形；take拿，动词原形；to take是动词不定式。根据情态动词“should”可知应用动词原形，可排除AD两项。结合空格后“one or two glasses of milk”可知drink切合语境，故选B。
23．句意：它能使我们强壮。
strong强壮的；weak弱的；thin瘦的；heavy重的。“keep sb. +形容词”表示使某人保持某种状态，根据上文“Every day you should drink one or two glasses of milk”可知strong符合语境，故选A。
24．句意：你应多吃它们，它们有营养。
a lot许多，表示程度；plenty大量的；much 许多，修饰不可数名词；a lot of许多，修饰名词。分析句子结构可知，所填词应修饰代词them，而a lot, plenty修饰名词或代词时其后应加介词of，排除AB两项；much修饰不可数名词，可排除。them指上文的vegetables，是复数名词，故选 D。
25．句意：我们应吃更多的水果和蔬菜，而少吃肉。
as由于；never从不；but但是；though尽管。根据题干“We should eat more fruit and vegetables…less meat”，可知前后文构成转折关系，可排除前两项；though引导从句，后面不跟名词，不合语法结构，故选C。
26．B 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于人们如何利用空闲时间的调查。
26． 细节理解题。根据Diagram (3)可知，31—55岁的人每周上网时间超过25小时，时间最长。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据Diagram (2)可知，News占比37%，受欢迎程度最高。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据Diagram (2)可知，看音乐类和谈话类节目的人数一共是29%；C选项 “超过一半的人喜欢看音乐类和谈话类节目” 是错误的。故选C。
29．B 30．C 31．A
【导语】本文主要解释了为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦。
29．细节理解题。根据“But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year.”可知学生学习的时候觉得时间过得很慢。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“When our expectations (期待) are met, dopamine is given out.”可知当我们的期望达到时，就会释放出多巴胺。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据“You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence (影响) in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.”可知用你从课本上学到的东西去做现实生活中的事情。故选A。
32．B 33．A 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划。
32．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals.”和“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.”可知，海水污染导致了海藻生长，这挡住了海草生长所需要的阳光；根据“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，海草减少了，那么海牛也会消失，因此选项A的顺序正确。故选A。
34．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.”及前文描述
可知，海草因为污染导致数量减少，而以海草为生的海牛可能会因为挨饿而死亡，所以starve与to die from hunger同义。故选C。
35．最佳标题题。根据“About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是因为没有足够的海草而导致饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划，因此选项A“海牛喂养计划”为最佳标题。故选A。
36．D 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代最早的环保理念、环保部门以及环保法律。
36．推理判断题。根据“How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment ”可知，第一段的目的是通过一个问题引出文章的主题。故选D。
37．推理判断题。根据“Nine ministries set up by Shun, an ancient Chinese emperor, included ‘Yu’, an environmental protection ministry.”可知，本文主要介绍了中国古代的环保部门，故C选项“世界上最早的‘生态环境保护部’”符合。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据“Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period ... He wrote in his book that plants should be protected well by humans.”可知，是荀子在他的书中写道，植被应该被人类保护好，不是管仲。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“Over 4,000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.”可知，大禹不允许人们在三月砍伐树木，六月捕鱼是因为这是它们快速生长的时间，也即是人们只能在合适的时间得到木头和鱼。故选A。
40．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国古代最早的环保理念、环保部门以及环保法律，因此可能来自环境相关的网站。故选B。
41．differences
【详解】句意：英式英文和美式英文有很多不同吗？根据中文提示，表示“不同”应用名词difference，空前有be动词are，此处名词应用复数形式，故填differences。
42．serious/severe
【详解】句意：这个问题非常严重。serious和severe均可表示“严重的”的意思，都是形容词，在句中充当表语。故填serious/severe。
43．produce/make
【详解】句意：不要产生太多噪音。根据空前的“Don’t”及中文提示可知，此处需填入表“产生”的动词原形。produce noise或make noise都表“产生噪音”。故填produce/make。
44．dug
【详解】句意：这个洞五分钟以前被挖好了。我们可以把小树种在里面。dig“挖”，动词。根据“The hole was”可知，句子为被动语态，“was”后接dig的过去分词dug。故填dug。
45．survey
【详解】句意：以下是调查的结果。“调查”为survey，结合句意用单数形式，故填survey。
46．filled
【详解】句意：由于来自工厂的污染，我们的学校充满了难闻的气味。fill“装满”，是动词，短语be filled with表示“充满……”，符合题意。故填filled。
47．Limiting
【详解】句意：限制周围废物的数量是处理污染的好方法。此空在句中作主语，应填动名词，故填Limiting。
48．will take
【详解】句意：如果你想准时到达那里就快一点。飞机将在五分钟后起飞。根据“in five minutes”可知，in+一段时间要与一般将来时连用，结构为will do，故填will take。
49．is finished
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去看足球联赛？——直到下周六工作被做完才去看。根据前文主语是“the work”可知，空处填写被动语态，根据“Not until”可知，其引导的时间状语用一般现在时表将来，故finish改为一般现在时的被动语态“is finished”，表示被完成。故填is finished。
50．will be built
【详解】句意：据说在未来的三年内，长江上将再建两座桥。that从句的主语是“another two bridges”，谓语动词是build，主谓之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态。根据时间状语“in the coming three years”可知，本句应用一般将来时，一般将来时的被动语态为will be done，故填will be built。
51．C 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了垃圾产生的问题以及中国对垃圾的处理。
51．根据“We get useful materials from it...Still burned or buried. But is it a correct way ”可知，从废弃物中提取
有用的材料，那其中无用的部分该怎么处理呢，选项C“那无用的部分呢？”符合题意。故选C。
52．根据“It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development (阻碍可持续发展). ”和“We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代).”可知，废弃物阻碍了绿色可持续发展，那接下来我们应该怎么做，不应该怎么做，选项D“我们不应该以地球未来为代价赚钱。”符合题意。故选D。
53．根据“We are taking less waste from developed countries.”可知，中国开始采取行动了，不再过多的接纳发达国家产生的垃圾，选项A“中国现在开始认真对待浪费问题。”符合题意。故选A。
54．根据“One example is the waste electricity factories.”可知，废弃物发电站是废物利用的一个例子，说明中国也在努力将废物利用起来，选项B“中国也努力把废物好好利用起来。”符合题意。故选B。
55．根据“But it’s not the best way.”可知，此处与解决问题最好的方式有关，选项G“我们能做的最好的事情首先就是少制造垃圾。”符合题意。故选G。
56．From nature./From the earth. 57．Refined oil. 58．Two. 59．Because they will run out. 60．Natural resources./Two types/kinds of natural resources./Natural resources of two types/kinds.
【分析】短文讲了自然资源的分类，详细的介绍了什么是可再生资源和不可再生资源，同时告诉我们要合理利用自然资源。
56．细节理解题。根据句子 People cannot make natural resources, but get them from the earth.人们不能制造自然资源，而是将它们从地球上获取。可知来自地球。故答案为From the earth.
57．细节理解题。根据第一段句子Refined（精炼的）oil is not a natural resource because people make it. 可知精炼石油不是一种自然资源因为人们制造了它。故答案为Refined oil.
58．细节理解题。根据句子We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups：renewable resources and non﹣renewable resources. 我们常说，我们可以把自然资源分为两类：可再生资源和不可再生资源。可知分为可再生资源和不可再生资源。故答案为Two.
59．细节推理题。根据句子A non﹣renewable resource is a resource that cannot grow or come back, or a resource that will take a very long time to come back. For example, coal is a non﹣renewable resource. When we use more coal, there will be less coal afterward. One day, there will be no coal to make goods. 一种不可再生资源是一种无法生长或再生的资源，或是一种需要很长时间才能恢复的资源。例如，煤炭是一种不可再生资源。当我们使用更多的煤后，煤就会减少。总有一天，没有煤可以生产。可知因为它们会用完。故答案为Because they will run out.
60．主旨归纳题。根据整篇文章内容及其句子We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups：renewable resources and non﹣renewable resources. 我们常说，我们可以把自然资源分为两类：可再生资源和不可再生资源。可知文章主要说的是两种自然资源。故答案为Two kinds of natural resources.
【点睛】回答问题的任务型阅读
该题型是给同学们呈现一段阅读资料，然后设置几个问题，做题时，我们应该先浏览一下问题，心中对所给任务有一个初步的了解，带着问题去阅读，有针对性地阅读，提高阅读效率。
一、阅读全文，了解大意
在做任务型阅读题时，同学们应先浏览文章后所提出的问题，在浏览过任务后，应迅速回头阅读全文了解文章的主要内容，作者想表述的观点，情感等。
二、寻找细节，逐题攻克
对于任务型阅读中的细节考查题，需要同学们有对语言的理解和分析能力，并带着问题回到阅读材料中，采用跳读的方式来寻找细节所在的段落，然后锁定目标段落，寻找总结自己所要的答案。
本题的第1小题：细节理解题。根据句子 People cannot make natural resources, but get them from the earth.人们不能制造自然资源，而是将它们从地球上获取。可知来自地球。故答案为From the earth.
本题的第3小题：细节理解题。根据句子We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups：renewable resources and non﹣renewable resources. 我们常说，我们可以把自然资源分为两类：可再生资源和不可再生资源。可知分为可再生资源和不可再生资源。故答案为Two.
此外，同学们在答题和书写方面还要注意以下几点：
1. 作答时，要遵循的原则就是：能简略回答的，尽量简略回答。
2. 书写要规范整洁。句子开头首字母要大写；标点符号要规范，单词拼写要正确无误；注意时态的呼应和人称的转变。
3. 做出适当调整。在回答时，同学们应对照题目，根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当的调整。
61．(h)ours 62．(e)nough 63．(B)oth 64．(r)ules 65．(a)gree 66．(b)y 67．(l)ucky 68．(a)lso 69．(h)it 70．(r)ights
【导语】本文主要讲法律对孩子们来说是一件好事情，因为在过去及现在一些国家孩子也会被打。
61．句意：100年以前在工业国家，7岁的孩子一天工作18小时。根据“ worked 18...”及首字母提示可知是工作18小时，hour“小时”，此处用复数形式。故填(h)ours。
62．句意：工厂老板可以打睡着的，或者是工作不够快的小孩。根据“not fast...”可知不够快才会挨顿打，enough“足够”，故填(e)nough。
63．句意：父母和老师都可以做这样的事情。根据“parents and teachers”及首字母可知此处指both...and...“两者都”。故填(B)oth。
64．句意：一些人们认为孩子们必须要遵守规则，否则他们应该受到惩罚。根据“obey...”可知是obey rules“遵守规则”。故填(r)ules。
65．句意：另一些人不同意。根据“The Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children.”可知后文列举的是不打小孩的例子，这些人不同意上文打小孩的看法。故空格处表示“不同意”。故填(a)gree。
66．句意：如果孩子们太过分了，父母通过取笑他们来惩罚他们。根据“the parents punish them...making fun of them.”可知是通过取笑他们来惩罚他们，by“通过”,介词。故填(b)y。
67．句意：在世界其他地区的孩子们则没有像在爱斯基摩人的这些孩子们一样幸运。根据“American parents can spank （打……臀部） their children at home”可知后面讲到美国父母打孩子，可推知上文表示一些地方的孩子不够幸运。lucky“幸运的”。故填(l)ucky。
68．句意：在德国这也是真的。空格处在句中，结合首字母可知是also“也”，表示德国和美国情况一样。故填(a)lso。
69．句意：相反的是，在瑞典任何人打小孩都是违反法律的。此处话题讲的是打小孩，故填(h)it。
70．句意：孩子们也有特殊的政府官员为他们的权利而工作。根据“special government official who works for ...”可知是work for their rights“为他们的权利而工作”。故填(r)ights。
71．例文：
What can we do for the environment
Our environment is becoming worse and worse. What can we do for the environment I think each of us can do a little bit to help with the problem. First, we can use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. Secondly, we can reuse the old books. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. Moreover, it will be better if we walk or ride bikes to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste. Even the simplest daily activities can make a difference to the environment. We can make the world a better place to live in.
【详解】1.题干解读：题目要求根据所给的材料，以“What can we do for the environment ”为题，用英语写一篇关于保护环境的演讲稿。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称来叙述演讲稿的内容；时态采用一般现在时为主；首先要承接短文开头；其次详细地介绍如何做才能保护环境；最后是简述这样做的理由。
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：90分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷
选择题（满分40分）
一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1．Please the lights when you go out.
A．turn down B．turn up
C．turn on D．turn off
2．More schools in Laiwu ________ to provide children with better education in a few years.
A．built B．are built C．were built D．will be built
3．The car needs checking. It may cause accidents if it _______ soon.
A．won’t check B．won’t be checked
C．doesn’t check D．isn’t checked
4．—Sir, did you see the sign “No Parking”
—Sorry. I didn’t know parking here isn’t ________.
A．prevented B．refused C．allowed D．expected
5．Without enough trees, soil won’t be kept ________. And then sandstorms may happen.
A．in the place B．on place
C．in place D．on the place
6．The young man was seen ________ into a bank by a policeman.
A．to break B．break C．breaks D．broken
7．Will the patient ________ when the doctor ________
A．operate; reaches B．operated; arrives
C．be operated on; arrives D．be operated; gets to
8．These new clothes ________ to the children in the village tomorrow.
A．are sent B．were sent
C．will sent D．will be sent
9．Waste ________ different groups in some countries.
A．is separated into B．are separated into C．is separated to D．are separated to
10．The air ________ is very serious here now. Please stop ________ it.
A．pollute; pollution B．pollution; polluting
C．pollution; to pollute D．pollution; pollution
11．Which of the following is a kind of new energy
A．Coal. B．Oil. C．Gas. D．Wind.
12．These kinds of CD-ROMs ________ in that shop over there. They ________ well.
A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sell
C．sell; sell D．sell; are sold
13．A report says that the world’s natural gas ________ in the future.
A．will be run out B．will use up C．will run out D．will be cleaned up
14．The poor girl needs an operation. But it will ________ a lot of money.
A．pay B．cost
C．spend D．have
15．A new bike ________ me by my father last week.
A．is buying B．was bought to C．is bought for D．was bought for
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A.B.C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If you often have a cold, headache or backache, there is something wrong with your health. Eating healthy food 16 good for our health. Tofu (豆腐), milk, vegetables are healthy for us. Tofu is a kind of common 17
food. We often 18 it in China. Now more and more people 19 other countries think tofu is good for health, 20 .They also like eating it. Milk is 21 kind of healthy food. Every day you should 22 one or two glasses of milk. It can keep us 23 Vegetables are very important.You should eat 24 them,they are nutritious(有营养的).As we know,it's important to keep a balanced diet (均衡饮食).We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat some pork, chicken and beef. We should eat more fruit and vegetables 25 less meat.
16．A．are B．was C．will be D．is
17．A．Japanese B．American C．English D．Chinese
18．A．eat B．drink C．take D．play
19．A．for B．with C．in D．at
20．A．too B．also C．neither D．either
21．A．the other B．other C．another D．others
22．A．drinking B．drink C．take D．to take
23．A．strong B．weak C．thin D．heavy
24．A．a lot B．plenty C．much D．a lot of
25．A．as B．never C．but D．though.
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A.B.C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Last month, some groups of students in their community made a survey about “How do people spend their free time ” The following diagrams (图表) show some results of it:
Diagram (1): Different days people go to the library. (library attendance)
Diagram (2): Different TV programs people like.
Diagram (3): Hours for people of different ages who surf the Internet in a week.
26．People aged ________ spend the most time surfing the Internet every week.
A．over 56 B．31—55 C．7—16 D．17—30
27．Which of the following TV programs is the most popular one among people
A．News B．Cartoons C．Sports D．Chat
28．Which of the following is Not TRUE according to the diagrams
A．Most people often go to the library on Wednesday.
B．The fewest people enjoy watching shows.
C．More than half of the people love watching music and chat.
D．People over 56 spend the least time surfing the Internet.
B
Time flies when you play on your smartphone (智能手机). But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying
It is because there something small and hard to see: dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post (发布). This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations (期待) are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits on apps to avoid using them too much.
“As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it,” said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student. You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence (影响) in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.
29．According to the article, when students study,
A．they feel time pass quickly. B．they feel time pass more slowly.
C．they are getting happier. D．their brain give out more dopamine.
30．When do people have more dopamine
A．When they know what will happen next. B．When they stay at home.
C．When their expectations are met. D．When they face fewer unknown things.
31．Which of the following might Daniel Wong suggest to make learning interesting
A．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life.
B．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life.
C．Setting time limits on everything you do.
D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others.
C
About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”.
Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Thousands of manatees were hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time.
Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
32．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B．
C． D．
33．Which shows the correct order of the reasons for manatees’ death
A．sea pollution → growth of algae → death of sea grass → death of manatees
B．growth of algae → sea pollution → death of sea grass → death of manatees
C．sea pollution → death of sea grass→ growth of algae → death of manatees
D．growth of algae → death of sea grass→ sea pollution → death of manatees
34．What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”
A．to be hit by boats B．to eat up sea grass
C．to die from hunger D．to lose swimming ability
35．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Beds Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
D
Environmental protection is one of the hottest topics nowadays. It was also something that ancient (古代的) Chinese paid great attention to. In fact, the world’s earliest environmental protection idea, ministry (政府的部) and law were all born in China. How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment
The world’s earliest idea of “managing state affairs (治国) through environmental protection”
Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period, came up with the idea of “managing state affairs through environmental protection”. He wrote in his book that plants should be protected well by humans.
Guan Zhong, a government officer 400 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert. He said “a king who cannot protect his plants is not doing a good job”.
____________
Nine ministries set up by Shun, an ancient Chinese emperor, included “Yu”, an environmental protection
ministry. The first “Yu” leader was Boyi, an environmental protection expert. He invented wells so people could drink clean water. He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.
The world’s earliest “environmental protection law”
Over 4,000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.
Almost 3,000 years ago, Tianlu, the first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin. It recorded many ancient environmental protection rules. Two of them were interesting: firstly, make sure that rivers run smoothly; secondly, grass and trees should be burned to be fertilizer (肥料) only in summer. The second one is helpful even for today. It can help to keep air clean and fresh.
36．What is the purpose of first paragraph
A．To draw a conclusion (总结). B．To show an example.
C．To give the reasons. D．To introduce the topic.
37．Which of the following is the most suitable to be on the line ________
A．The world’s earliest idea of “animal protection ministry”
B．The world’s earliest “environmental protection leaders and experts”
C．The world’s earliest “environmental protection ministry”
D．The world’s earliest “animal protection leaders and experts”
38．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．The first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin.
B．Plants shouldn’t be burned in spring.
C．Boyi improved drinking water quality and asked people to protect animals.
D．Guan Zhong wrote in his book that vegetation should be protected well by humans.
39．Why didn’t Dayu allow people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June
A．Because people can only get wood and fish at the right time.
B．Because it was the time when they grew slowly.
C．Because they are against the law made by Dayu.
D．Because Dayu is a water-control expert and also an emperor.
40．Which of the following websites may the article be from ________
A．http://www. B．http://www.
C．http://www. D．http://www.
第II卷
非选择题（满分50分）
四、填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
A）请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确，并将答案填写相应横线上。
41．Are there many (不同) between British English and American English
42．The problem is very (严重的).
43．Don’t (产生) too much noise.
44．The hole was (挖) five minutes ago. We can put the young tree in it.
45．Here are the results of the (调查).
B）请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答索填写在相应横线上。
46．Our school is (fill) with bad smell because of the pollution from the factory.
47． (limit) the number of waste around is a good way to do with pollution.
48．Hurry up if you want to get there on time. The plane (take) off in five minutes.
49．— When shall we go to watch the football league match (联赛)
— Not until the work (finish) next Saturday.
50．It is said that another two bridges (build) over Changjiang River in the coming three years.
C）请根据短文内容，从下面方框中所给的七个选项选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通意思通顺，并将句子序号填写在答题卡标号为51-55的相应横线上。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
In China, each year there is about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also get waste from some developed (发达的) countries. We get useful materials from it. 51 Still burned or buried. But is it a correct way
Waste pollutes the Earth, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development (阻碍可持续发展). 52 We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代).
53 We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2020, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And we make laws to deal with waste. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
54 One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into our life.
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting (分类). Many tech (科技) companies are making waste-sorting robots. The future of the waste-sorting looks good. But it’s not the best way. 55 I also hope more and more people can take action to protect the Earth.
A．China is getting really serious about waste now.
B．China also tries to put waste into good use.
C．What about the useless part
D．We shouldn’t make money at the cost of the future of the Earth.
E．The government has made laws to deal with the waste.
F．A large number of cities have their own sorting systems.
G．The best thing we can do is to make less rubbish in the first place.
五、阅读短文（共15小题；56-60题每小题2分，61-70题每小题1分，满分20分）
A）请认真阅读下面短文，根据短文内容用英语回答5个题目。要求所写答案语法正确、语义切题，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为56-60的相应横线上。
A natural resource is anything people can use which comes from nature. People cannot make natural resources, but get them from the earth. Examples of natural resources are air, water, copper, wood, oil, wind energy, hydro-electric energy, iron and coal. Refined(精炼的) oil is not a natural resource because people make it.
We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups: renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
A renewable resource can grow again and come back again after we use it. For example, soil, sunlight, water and wood are renewable resources.
A non-renewable resource is a resource that cannot grow or come back, or a resource that will take a very long time to come back. For example, coal is a non-renewable resource. When we use more coal, there will be less coal afterward. One day, there will be no coal to make goods. The non-renewable resource can be used up directly, or we can find a renewable resource to replace it. It is important to save non-renewable resources, because if we use them too quickly, there will not be enough in the future.
Most natural resources are limited. This means that they will run out. But a perpetual(长久的；无尽的) resource won’t. Some examples of perpetual resources include solar energy, tidal(潮汐的) energy and wind energy. Other examples are salt, stone and diamonds.
回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过5个词。
56．Where can we get natural resources like air, water and oil
______________________________________________________________
57．What isn’t included in natural resources according to Paragraph 1
______________________________________________________________
58．How many groups can natural resources be divided into
______________________________________________________________
59．Why do we say most natural resources are limited
______________________________________________________________
60．What do you think is the best title for the passage？
______________________________________________________________
B）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为61-70的相应位置上。
In general, laws for children are a good thing.
One hundred years ago in industrial countries, children worked 18 h 61 a day in a factory at age seven. The factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast e 62 . B 63 parents and teachers could do the same.
Today, there are many laws about children all over the world. Some people think children must obey r 64 or they should be punished. Others do not a 65 . The Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children. The parents don’t hit them. If the children go too far, the parents punish them b 66 making fun of them.
Children in other parts of the world are not as l 67 as Eskimo children. American parents can spank （打……臀部） their children at home, but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. This is a 68 true in Germany. In contrast（对比）, it is against（违反）the law for anyone to h 69 a child in Sweden. Swedish parents cannot spank their children. The children also have a special government official who works for their r 70 . There is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet！
六、书面表达（满分15分）
71．假如你是李华，请以“What can we do for the environment ”为题，用英语写一篇关于保护环境的80词左右的演讲稿。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
内容提示：
1. 在购物时使用布袋子（cloth bag）代替塑料袋；
2. 尽可能地再利用使用过的书本；
3. 离开教室应关灯；
4. 最好走路或骑自行车上学；
5. 简述理由（保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等）。
What can we do for the environment
Our environment is becoming worse and worse. What can we do for the environment I think each of us can do a little bit to help with the problem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：当你出去的时候请关掉灯。turn down关小声音；拒绝；turn up开大声音；出现；turn on打开；turn off关掉。根据句意when you go out可知，出去的时候应关灯，故选D。
2．D
【详解】句意：莱芜在几年内将建更多的学校去为儿童提供更好的教育。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语schools和谓语动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；句中的时间状语in a few years“几年之后”表示将来，故用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be ＋ 动词的过去分词”。故选D。
3．D
【详解】句意：这辆汽车需要检查。如果不尽快检查，可能会导致事故。
考查一般现在时的被动语态用法。if引导的条件状语从句，主句含情态动词，从句用一般现在时。主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：——先生，你看到“禁止停车”的标志了吗？ ——很抱歉，我不知道这里不准停车。
考查动词辨析。prevented阻止；refused拒绝；allowed允许；expected期待。根据“did you see the sign ‘No Parking’ ”可知，此处指不允许停车。故选C。
5．C
【详解】句意：没有充足的树木，泥土不能保持固定，进而就可能会发生沙尘暴。
考查固定短语。keep in place是固定短语，表示“固定住、保持、保有”。此处指“泥土固定在适当位置”。故选C。
6．A
【详解】句意：这个年轻人被一个警察看到闯进了一家银行。
考查非谓语动词。be seen to do sth“被看到做过某事”，be seen doing sth“被看到正在做某事”。结合选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：当医生来的时候，这个病人会被做手术吗？
考查被动语态及动词辨析。reach到达，及物动词；arrive到达，不及物动词；get to到达，及物动词词组。第二空在句末，应使用不及物动词，故排除AD；operate on“给……做手术”，是及物动词短语，operate不及物动词。“the patient”与“动手术”是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。
8．D
【详解】句意：这些新衣服明天将要送给村里的孩子们。
考查一般将来时态的被动语态。主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动结构be done，根据时间“tomorrow”可知，用一般将来时，故选D。
9．A
【详解】句意：在一些国家，垃圾被分成不同的类别。
考查主谓一致。主语Waste是不可数名词，因此谓语用is，排除B和D；be separated into意为“被分成”。没有be separated to的用法。故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：现在这里的空气污染非常严重。请停止污染它。
考查词义辨析和非谓语动词。air pollution“空气污染”，排除A。stop doing sth“停止做某事”，stop to do sth“停止一件事去做另一件事”，根据“Please stop...it.”可知，是停止污染。故选B。
11．D
【详解】句意：下列哪一项是一种新能源？
考查常识。Coal煤；Oil油；Gas气体；Wind风。结合实际可知风能是新能源，故选D。
12．B
【详解】句意：这些种类的CD-ROM在那边的那个商店卖，它们卖得好。
考查被动语态的用法。根据主语CD-ROMs和动词sell之间是被动关系，所以第一空用被动结构be done，第二空用sell well，是用主动表示被动的关系，故选B。
13．C
【详解】句意：一个报道说世界的天然气在未来将会耗尽。
考查动词短语辨析。run out不及物动词短语，耗尽；use up及物动词短语，用光；clean up打扫干净。主语是“natural gas”，可推知空格处是要表示“耗尽”，排除D；run out不及物动词短语，无被动语态，排除A；use up及物动词短语，此处需用被动语态，表示“natural gas”被用完，排除B，故选C。
14．B
【详解】句意：这个贫穷的女孩需要做手术。但是这要花费大量的钱。
考查动词用法。pay支付，人做主语；cost花费，事物做主语；spend花费，人做主语；have有。此处 it表示女孩做手术这件事，做主语时，表示花费谓语用cost。故选B。
15．D
【详解】句意：上周我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。“bike”与“buy”之间是动宾关系，需要用被动语态，结构是be+过去分词。故排除A；由“last week.”可知时态是一般过去时，故排除C；buy sth for sb“为某人买某物”。介词用for。故选D。
16．D 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C
【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了两种健康食物，豆腐和牛奶。另外作者也提到蔬菜也是健康食物。作者认为保持平衡的饮食对健康是重要的。
16．句意：吃健康的事物对我们的身体有好处。
are系动词复数；was过去式； will be 将来时；is 系动词第三人称单数。本句动名词做主语看做单数，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选D。
17．句意：豆腐是一种传统的中国食物。
Japanese日本的；American美国的；English 英国的； Chinese中国的。根据下文“We often…it in China”，
可知是中国的传统食品，故选D。
18．句意：在中国，我们经常吃它。
eat 吃；drink喝；take带走；play玩。根据后文“They also like eating it”，可知eat符合句意，故选A。
19．句意：现在在别的国家有越来越多的人也认为豆腐对健康有益。
for 为了；with和；in在……里；at在，表示小地点。“____ other countries” 作people的后置定语，指“在别的国家里” ，应用介词in，故选 C。
20．句意：现在其它国家的很多人也认为豆腐对健康有好处。
too也，用于肯定句句末；also也，用在实意动词前面，助动词、be动词或情态动词后；neither也不，否定意义；either也，用于否定句句末。本句为肯定句，且所填词位于句末，可知用too。故选A。
21．句意：牛奶是另一种健康食品。
the other（两个中的）另一个；other其他的，形容词，表示泛指，一般修饰可数名词复数；another另一个（种……），泛指，一般修饰可数名词单数；others其他的，代词。根据题干“Milk is the other kind of healthy food”，可知是不同于豆腐的另一种，故选C。
22．句意：你每天应该喝一杯或者两杯牛奶。
drinking喝，动名词形式；drink喝，动词原形；take拿，动词原形；to take是动词不定式。根据情态动词“should”可知应用动词原形，可排除AD两项。结合空格后“one or two glasses of milk”可知drink切合语境，故选B。
23．句意：它能使我们强壮。
strong强壮的；weak弱的；thin瘦的；heavy重的。“keep sb. +形容词”表示使某人保持某种状态，根据上文“Every day you should drink one or two glasses of milk”可知strong符合语境，故选A。
24．句意：你应多吃它们，它们有营养。
a lot许多，表示程度；plenty大量的；much 许多，修饰不可数名词；a lot of许多，修饰名词。分析句子结构可知，所填词应修饰代词them，而a lot, plenty修饰名词或代词时其后应加介词of，排除AB两项；much修饰不可数名词，可排除。them指上文的vegetables，是复数名词，故选 D。
25．句意：我们应吃更多的水果和蔬菜，而少吃肉。
as由于；never从不；but但是；though尽管。根据题干“We should eat more fruit and vegetables…less meat”，可知前后文构成转折关系，可排除前两项；though引导从句，后面不跟名词，不合语法结构，故选C。
26．B 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于人们如何利用空闲时间的调查。
26． 细节理解题。根据Diagram (3)可知，31—55岁的人每周上网时间超过25小时，时间最长。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据Diagram (2)可知，News占比37%，受欢迎程度最高。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据Diagram (2)可知，看音乐类和谈话类节目的人数一共是29%；C选项 “超过一半的人喜欢看音乐类和谈话类节目” 是错误的。故选C。
29．B 30．C 31．A
【导语】本文主要解释了为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦。
29．细节理解题。根据“But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year.”可知学生学习的时候觉得时间过得很慢。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“When our expectations (期待) are met, dopamine is given out.”可知当我们的期望达到时，就会释放出多巴胺。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据“You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence (影响) in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.”可知用你从课本上学到的东西去做现实生活中的事情。故选A。
32．B 33．A 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划。
32．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals.”和“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.”可知，海水污染导致了海藻生长，这挡住了海草生长所需要的阳光；根据“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，海草减少了，那么海牛也会消失，因此选项A的顺序正确。故选A。
34．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.”及前文描述
可知，海草因为污染导致数量减少，而以海草为生的海牛可能会因为挨饿而死亡，所以starve与to die from hunger同义。故选C。
35．最佳标题题。根据“About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是因为没有足够的海草而导致饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划，因此选项A“海牛喂养计划”为最佳标题。故选A。
36．D 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代最早的环保理念、环保部门以及环保法律。
36．推理判断题。根据“How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment ”可知，第一段的目的是通过一个问题引出文章的主题。故选D。
37．推理判断题。根据“Nine ministries set up by Shun, an ancient Chinese emperor, included ‘Yu’, an environmental protection ministry.”可知，本文主要介绍了中国古代的环保部门，故C选项“世界上最早的‘生态环境保护部’”符合。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据“Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period ... He wrote in his book that plants should be protected well by humans.”可知，是荀子在他的书中写道，植被应该被人类保护好，不是管仲。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“Over 4,000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.”可知，大禹不允许人们在三月砍伐树木，六月捕鱼是因为这是它们快速生长的时间，也即是人们只能在合适的时间得到木头和鱼。故选A。
40．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国古代最早的环保理念、环保部门以及环保法律，因此可能来自环境相关的网站。故选B。
41．differences
【详解】句意：英式英文和美式英文有很多不同吗？根据中文提示，表示“不同”应用名词difference，空前有be动词are，此处名词应用复数形式，故填differences。
42．serious/severe
【详解】句意：这个问题非常严重。serious和severe均可表示“严重的”的意思，都是形容词，在句中充当表语。故填serious/severe。
43．produce/make
【详解】句意：不要产生太多噪音。根据空前的“Don’t”及中文提示可知，此处需填入表“产生”的动词原形。produce noise或make noise都表“产生噪音”。故填produce/make。
44．dug
【详解】句意：这个洞五分钟以前被挖好了。我们可以把小树种在里面。dig“挖”，动词。根据“The hole was”可知，句子为被动语态，“was”后接dig的过去分词dug。故填dug。
45．survey
【详解】句意：以下是调查的结果。“调查”为survey，结合句意用单数形式，故填survey。
46．filled
【详解】句意：由于来自工厂的污染，我们的学校充满了难闻的气味。fill“装满”，是动词，短语be filled with表示“充满……”，符合题意。故填filled。
47．Limiting
【详解】句意：限制周围废物的数量是处理污染的好方法。此空在句中作主语，应填动名词，故填Limiting。
48．will take
【详解】句意：如果你想准时到达那里就快一点。飞机将在五分钟后起飞。根据“in five minutes”可知，in+一段时间要与一般将来时连用，结构为will do，故填will take。
49．is finished
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去看足球联赛？——直到下周六工作被做完才去看。根据前文主语是“the work”可知，空处填写被动语态，根据“Not until”可知，其引导的时间状语用一般现在时表将来，故finish改为一般现在时的被动语态“is finished”，表示被完成。故填is finished。
50．will be built
【详解】句意：据说在未来的三年内，长江上将再建两座桥。that从句的主语是“another two bridges”，谓语动词是build，主谓之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态。根据时间状语“in the coming three years”可知，本句应用一般将来时，一般将来时的被动语态为will be done，故填will be built。
51．C 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了垃圾产生的问题以及中国对垃圾的处理。
51．根据“We get useful materials from it...Still burned or buried. But is it a correct way ”可知，从废弃物中提取
有用的材料，那其中无用的部分该怎么处理呢，选项C“那无用的部分呢？”符合题意。故选C。
52．根据“It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development (阻碍可持续发展). ”和“We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代).”可知，废弃物阻碍了绿色可持续发展，那接下来我们应该怎么做，不应该怎么做，选项D“我们不应该以地球未来为代价赚钱。”符合题意。故选D。
53．根据“We are taking less waste from developed countries.”可知，中国开始采取行动了，不再过多的接纳发达国家产生的垃圾，选项A“中国现在开始认真对待浪费问题。”符合题意。故选A。
54．根据“One example is the waste electricity factories.”可知，废弃物发电站是废物利用的一个例子，说明中国也在努力将废物利用起来，选项B“中国也努力把废物好好利用起来。”符合题意。故选B。
55．根据“But it’s not the best way.”可知，此处与解决问题最好的方式有关，选项G“我们能做的最好的事情首先就是少制造垃圾。”符合题意。故选G。
56．From nature./From the earth. 57．Refined oil. 58．Two. 59．Because they will run out. 60．Natural resources./Two types/kinds of natural resources./Natural resources of two types/kinds.
【分析】短文讲了自然资源的分类，详细的介绍了什么是可再生资源和不可再生资源，同时告诉我们要合理利用自然资源。
56．细节理解题。根据句子 People cannot make natural resources, but get them from the earth.人们不能制造自然资源，而是将它们从地球上获取。可知来自地球。故答案为From the earth.
57．细节理解题。根据第一段句子Refined（精炼的）oil is not a natural resource because people make it. 可知精炼石油不是一种自然资源因为人们制造了它。故答案为Refined oil.
58．细节理解题。根据句子We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups：renewable resources and non﹣renewable resources. 我们常说，我们可以把自然资源分为两类：可再生资源和不可再生资源。可知分为可再生资源和不可再生资源。故答案为Two.
59．细节推理题。根据句子A non﹣renewable resource is a resource that cannot grow or come back, or a resource that will take a very long time to come back. For example, coal is a non﹣renewable resource. When we use more coal, there will be less coal afterward. One day, there will be no coal to make goods. 一种不可再生资源是一种无法生长或再生的资源，或是一种需要很长时间才能恢复的资源。例如，煤炭是一种不可再生资源。当我们使用更多的煤后，煤就会减少。总有一天，没有煤可以生产。可知因为它们会用完。故答案为Because they will run out.
60．主旨归纳题。根据整篇文章内容及其句子We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups：renewable resources and non﹣renewable resources. 我们常说，我们可以把自然资源分为两类：可再生资源和不可再生资源。可知文章主要说的是两种自然资源。故答案为Two kinds of natural resources.
【点睛】回答问题的任务型阅读
该题型是给同学们呈现一段阅读资料，然后设置几个问题，做题时，我们应该先浏览一下问题，心中对所给任务有一个初步的了解，带着问题去阅读，有针对性地阅读，提高阅读效率。
一、阅读全文，了解大意
在做任务型阅读题时，同学们应先浏览文章后所提出的问题，在浏览过任务后，应迅速回头阅读全文了解文章的主要内容，作者想表述的观点，情感等。
二、寻找细节，逐题攻克
对于任务型阅读中的细节考查题，需要同学们有对语言的理解和分析能力，并带着问题回到阅读材料中，采用跳读的方式来寻找细节所在的段落，然后锁定目标段落，寻找总结自己所要的答案。
本题的第1小题：细节理解题。根据句子 People cannot make natural resources, but get them from the earth.人们不能制造自然资源，而是将它们从地球上获取。可知来自地球。故答案为From the earth.
本题的第3小题：细节理解题。根据句子We often say that we can divide natural resources into two different groups：renewable resources and non﹣renewable resources. 我们常说，我们可以把自然资源分为两类：可再生资源和不可再生资源。可知分为可再生资源和不可再生资源。故答案为Two.
此外，同学们在答题和书写方面还要注意以下几点：
1. 作答时，要遵循的原则就是：能简略回答的，尽量简略回答。
2. 书写要规范整洁。句子开头首字母要大写；标点符号要规范，单词拼写要正确无误；注意时态的呼应和人称的转变。
3. 做出适当调整。在回答时，同学们应对照题目，根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当的调整。
61．(h)ours 62．(e)nough 63．(B)oth 64．(r)ules 65．(a)gree 66．(b)y 67．(l)ucky 68．(a)lso 69．(h)it 70．(r)ights
【导语】本文主要讲法律对孩子们来说是一件好事情，因为在过去及现在一些国家孩子也会被打。
61．句意：100年以前在工业国家，7岁的孩子一天工作18小时。根据“ worked 18...”及首字母提示可知是工作18小时，hour“小时”，此处用复数形式。故填(h)ours。
62．句意：工厂老板可以打睡着的，或者是工作不够快的小孩。根据“not fast...”可知不够快才会挨顿打，enough“足够”，故填(e)nough。
63．句意：父母和老师都可以做这样的事情。根据“parents and teachers”及首字母可知此处指both...and...“两者都”。故填(B)oth。
64．句意：一些人们认为孩子们必须要遵守规则，否则他们应该受到惩罚。根据“obey...”可知是obey rules“遵守规则”。故填(r)ules。
65．句意：另一些人不同意。根据“The Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children.”可知后文列举的是不打小孩的例子，这些人不同意上文打小孩的看法。故空格处表示“不同意”。故填(a)gree。
66．句意：如果孩子们太过分了，父母通过取笑他们来惩罚他们。根据“the parents punish them...making fun of them.”可知是通过取笑他们来惩罚他们，by“通过”,介词。故填(b)y。
67．句意：在世界其他地区的孩子们则没有像在爱斯基摩人的这些孩子们一样幸运。根据“American parents can spank （打……臀部） their children at home”可知后面讲到美国父母打孩子，可推知上文表示一些地方的孩子不够幸运。lucky“幸运的”。故填(l)ucky。
68．句意：在德国这也是真的。空格处在句中，结合首字母可知是also“也”，表示德国和美国情况一样。故填(a)lso。
69．句意：相反的是，在瑞典任何人打小孩都是违反法律的。此处话题讲的是打小孩，故填(h)it。
70．句意：孩子们也有特殊的政府官员为他们的权利而工作。根据“special government official who works for ...”可知是work for their rights“为他们的权利而工作”。故填(r)ights。
71．例文：
What can we do for the environment
Our environment is becoming worse and worse. What can we do for the environment I think each of us can do a little bit to help with the problem. First, we can use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. Secondly, we can reuse the old books. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. Moreover, it will be better if we walk or ride bikes to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste. Even the simplest daily activities can make a difference to the environment. We can make the world a better place to live in.
【详解】1.题干解读：题目要求根据所给的材料，以“What can we do for the environment ”为题，用英语写一篇关于保护环境的演讲稿。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称来叙述演讲稿的内容；时态采用一般现在时为主；首先要承接短文开头；其次详细地介绍如何做才能保护环境；最后是简述这样做的理由。