2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题练习（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题练习（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 395.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-13 18:22:43 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Passage 1
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors. D．The design of Galton's experiment.
2．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________．
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
3．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
Passage 2
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
5．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant. D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
6．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her. B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work. D．There was no space for school gardens.
7．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
Passage 3
Looking for a cool new book this season TFK Kid Reporters read and reviewed some of the best books of the year.
Yusuf Azeem is Not a Hero
Yusuf Azeem is hoping to have a great first year in middle school. Standing in his way are the hate notes left in his locker and his struggle to find his place in a new community. YusufAzeemIsNotaHero, by Saadia Faruqi, will appeal to readers who like stories about everyday kids overcoming challenges and finding inner strength.
Black Boy Joy
The short stories in BlackBoyJoy, edited by Kwame Mbalia, celebrate the pleasures of Black childhood. There are also stories about victories, competitions, and getting dressed for their first day of school. Most are short, with simple plots. People who enjoy bite size stories of happiness will like this collection.
Paradise on Fire
In ParadiseonFire, by Jewell Parker Rhodes, Addy is a shy, 15 year old girl who escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents. When a fire breaks out at the wilderness camp, Addy knows what to do. Will Addy be able to lead her fellow campers to safety Readers will love the mix of suspense, action, and emotion in this book.
Chunky
Chunky was written by Yehudi Mercado. In the book, Hudi tries sports, which, however, take him away from what he's truly passionate about: comedy. His imaginary friend, Chunky, appears throughout the story to help Hudi achieve his dreams. Chunky is a great book for kids who want to read about friendship, family, and try to find where they might fit in.
9．Which of the following tells about happy childhood
A．YusufAzeemisNotaHero. B．BlackBoyJoy.
C．ParadiseonFire. D．Chunky.
10．What is the book by Jewell Parker Rhodes about
A．A girl trying to escape from danger.
B．A boy suffering at school.
C．A boy participating in a summer camp.
D．A girl taking an interest in comedy.
11．Who is Chunky in the book
A．A comedian.
B．Hudi's classmate.
C．A shy boy.
D．An unreal friend.
Passage 4
The global population growing, the climate is warming, and, no surprise, the demand for energy is steadily increasing. We need to use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tobias Tribenbacher, from the University of the Arts Berlin, has created a street light called Papilio in response to global sustainability initiatives, saying that he initially chose to create a city facing street light due to such lights' role in tight pollution.
Papilio can be mounted to walls or set up as a freestanding lantern. The lamp should ideally be placed between three to six metres above ground, where ground level winds are the strongest. The lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine(涡轮), catching the wind to produce its own energy. It also has a rechargeable battery that stores electricity, so the lamp can operate even on less windy days.
Another key component of the lamp is the light itself. The warm colored light doesn't draw the attention of insects，and it uses an infrared(红外线的) sensor so that the light is only started by nearby motion, reducing its contribution to light pollution.
Aside from saving public space and beautifying streets，the street light's design is also a visual signal of clean energy in action. “Design not only determines how street lights are working. It can also shape our attitude towards them and consequently affect how we use them，” Tobias Tribenbacher says. “Because energy creation is often an invisible process, projects such as these help the production of electricity become comprehensible.”
The lamp's ability to change wind power into electricity can also be a huge benefit to naturally windy areas. And since it doesn't require any electrical infrastructure (基础设施), there will be an opportunity to fix the street lights in remote settings or places where infrastructure innovations can be cost prohibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character of streets and squares, Papilio is envisioned as a public sustainability statement that motivates residents to take part in transforming our cities into climate friendly, future proof environments.
12．Why did Tribenbacher choose to create the street light
A．To tackle light pollution. B．To reduce biodiversity loss.
C．To beautify the city he lives in. D．To draw public attention to waste.
13．Which of the following is the feature of the street light
A．It occupies a large space. B．It can be fixed anywhere.
C．It is switched off by hand. D．It is unattractive to insects.
14．What do Tribenbacher's words in paragraph 5 imply
A．The climate crisis is tough to address. B．Design can facilitate our comprehension.
C.We must take action to save clean energy. D．We know little about electricity generation.
15．What is the purpose of the text
A．To stress the importance of innovation. B．To introduce a wind powered street light.
C.To advocate environmental sustainability. D．To analyze the sustainability of the street light.
Passage 5
Orekunrin is the founder of the for profit company, Flying Doctors Nigeria Ltd., the first emergency air ambulance service in the country. In Nigeria, where road conditions can be poor, and rural clinics are often unprepared to deal with major medical emergencies, Flying Doctors has become a lifesaver, which can quickly carry patients from remote areas to hospitals.
Orekunrin planned to set up the company after her 12 year old sister died. When she was still in medical school in the UK, her sister was on holiday in Nigeria and unexpectedly needed emergency treatment. The nearest clinic wasn't able to treat her. The family tried to find an air ambulance to move her, but the quickest available service was far away in South Africa. Her sister had died by the time a flight became available.
“I was filled with deep sadness and almost anger，” Orekunrin says. “I wanted to come to Nigeria and try to contribute in some way.”
But getting__Flying__Doctors__off__the__ground__wasn't__easy. Orekunrin began by renting aircrafts as a way to keep costs down. She then established partnerships with hospitals across Africa and abroad and started her company nearly five years ago. The company now has 20 helicopters and jets and a staff that includes seven senior flight physicians.
Orekunrin has also worked toward improving medical care across Nigeria. Flying Doctors now provides scholarships to medical students and has established partnerships with rural non governmental organizations, such as the Starlite Hopes Initiative, in Nigeria's Delta State, which offers care to the poor.
Orekunrin hopes to keep finding new ways to improve medical services in Nigeria. The young doctor knows there are challenges ahead, but as she's already shown, not even the sky is the limit.
16．What does Flying Doctors do
A．It provides people with free care. B．It transports patients quickly.
C．It improves clinics' services. D．It helps to build roads.
17．Orekunrin came up with the idea of setting up Flying Doctors because of ________．
A．her major B．her personal tragedy
C．the big profits D．her sister's advice
18．The underlined words in the text mean ________．
A．the helicopters couldn't take off
B．the company didn't start smoothly
C．the doctors weren't used to working in the air
D．the nation wasn't ready for air ambulance services
19．Which of the following can best describe Orekunrin
A．Caring and determined. B．Honest but bad tempered.
C．Ambitious and friendly. D．Innocent and single minded.
Passage 6
In 1885, American farmer Wilson Bentley attached a camera to his microscope and took what is believed to be the very first photo of a snowflake.
The images are now regarded as having helped shape the world of science photography. Snowflakes have since become the subject of attraction for photographers.
But Bentley's images resulted from two years of experimenting with his camera, according to Sue Richardson, his great grandniece.
“He was so far ahead of his time with his research and photography, which were all self taught，” she said in a phone interview.
In 1880, Bentley's experiments began with a microscope that his mother bought for his 15th birthday. Growing up in freezing Vermont, Bentley would identify snowflakes that he liked, before brushing the others away with a turkey feather. He would then move the snowflake onto a microscope slide, holding his breath to prevent his sample from melting in the warmth.
Eventually, Bentley found a way to attach his camera to the microscope—a basic setup that made his achievements all the more impressive, according to Michael Peres, a professor of biomedical photography at the Rochester Institute of Technology.
“Snowflake photography is a challenging task of isolating, preserving, focusing and lighting a minute crystalline (结晶的) structure，” Peres said in a phone interview. “Bentley worked with primitive (原始的) materials, which made his work even more appreciated. Early photographic materials were too simple.”
Technological limitations posed another challenge—Bentley would have to wait until spring before it was warm enough to develop (冲洗) the photos in his woodshed. But he was fascinated by what emerged.
In a 1904 article, Bentley wrote：“The wonders and beauties of snow come to us not only to show the amazing beauty of the minute in nature but to teach us that all earthly beauty is short enough and must soon fade away.”
20．What is author's purpose of writing the second paragraph
A．To show what the snowflakes really look like.
B．To show Bentley's influence on photography.
C．To show how Bentley made the perfect images.
D．To show many photographers were interested.
21．What did Sue Richardson think of her great granduncle's photography then
A．Admirable. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Tolerant.
22．According to Peres, what makes Bentley's achievements more appreciated
A．His determination. B．His persistence.
C．His courage. D．Technological limitations.
23．How old was Bentley when he probably bought his camera
A．39 years old. B．20 years old.
C．18 years old. D．15 years old.
Passage 7
When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning.
As neuroscientist Brian Mathias and his colleagues described in the JournalofNeuroscience, they had 22 German speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words (such as “lamube” for “camera，” and “atesi” for “thought”) over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were simultaneously (同时地) shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in a multiple choice test.
At the same time, they had a device attached to their heads that sent weak pulses to their primary motor cortex (皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. When these interfering (干扰) signals were active, the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied by gestures. When the device sent no interfering signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be active), they found it easier to remember the words. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. This applied to concrete words, such as “camera”， as well as abstract ones, such as “thought”．
“Our results provide evidence for why learning techniques that involve the body's motor system should be used more often，” says Mathias. “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms. People use it spontaneously (自发地), if they're good teachers and good listeners. But we don't necessarily bring it into the class if we don't think about it.”
24．What were the subjects required to do in the test
A．Repeat what other subjects describe. B．Follow what the person in the video did.
C．Match the vocabulary with relative pictures. D．Translate the vocabulary into a foreign language.
25．Why were pulses sent to the subjects' motor cortex
A．To control their body movements. B．To shelter other interfering signals.
C．To identify the function of the motor cortex. D．To confirm the abstract thoughts in their mind.
26．What is Brian Mathias' expectation of the research
A．It will be carried out more frequently. B．It will involve more concrete objects.
C．It will be applied to classroom teaching. D．It will motivate his colleagues to participate.
27．What is the best title for the text
A．Good Learning Techniques Matter More B．Repeating Strengthens Memory
C．Body Language Betters Communication D．Gestures Help Learn New Words
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. （这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. （用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的）”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. （这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds （在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous. （尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools.（起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘Urban Sprouts’学校花园项目。）”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. ‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.（她说。‘他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。）”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ‘They get outside，’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’（她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去，’她说，‘他们觉得成功。’）”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。故选C。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本儿童书的情况，包括作者、故事梗概等。
9．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据Black Boy Joy部分中的第一句可知，BlackBoyJoy讲述了快乐的童年。故选B。
10．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Jewell Parker Rhodes写的书是关于一个试图逃离危险的女孩的故事。故选A。
11．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，书中的Chunky是一个虚构的朋友。imaginary和unreal同义，故选D。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的路灯，这款路灯是由风能转化为电能，因此可以减少能源使用，从而减少对环境的污染。
12．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段以及第四段第二句可知，这款路灯最初设计的目的就是用来应对光污染问题。故选A。
13．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这款路灯不会吸引小昆虫。故选D。
14．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Design not only determines how street lights... the production of electricity become comprehensible.”可推断出，这样的设计可以促进我们对于能源生产的理解。故选B。
15．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段以及下文对这款路灯的作用、工作原理的介绍可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介绍一款风能路灯。故选B。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Orekunrin的妹妹在尼日利亚度假时遭遇意外，由于没有得到及时的治疗不幸身亡，这让Orekunrin决定改变尼日利亚的医疗状况，开创空中救护服务。
16．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由第一段中的“which can quickly carry patients from remote areas to hospitals”可知，这个公司可以用飞机及时地把病人送到医院。
17．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句及第三段可知，妹妹的死亡让Orekunrin很悲痛，并萌生了开创空中救护服务的念头。
18．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由本句后的内容可知，Orekunrin为了创办这个公司，采取了很多措施，直到5年前才得以成功，由此可以推测这个公司的创办之路并不顺利。
19．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由文章中倒数第二段可看出，Orekunrin关心他人；从Orekunrin克服种种困难，最终成功创办公司及最后一段中的“as she's already shown，not even the sky is the limit”可看出，Orekunrin意志坚决。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。出生并在佛蒙特州长大的威尔逊·本特利，把显微镜和照相机拴在一起，拍下了人类历史上第一张雪花照片，为科学摄影开了历史先河，并影响了后代的摄影师。
20．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。第二段提到威尔逊·本特利的影像塑造了科学摄影学；自此，雪花成了摄影师关注的素材。由此可知，此段旨在说明威尔逊·本特利对摄影的影响。
21．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第三、四段可知苏·理查德森认为本特利拍摄的图像远远领先时代，而且他是完全自学，故推知苏·理查德森对他的曾祖叔父充满敬佩之情。
22．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。由第五至八段可知，雪花极易融化，工作设备原始且简陋，冲洗照片要等到春暖花开的时候，由此可推知，科学技术的限制使得威尔逊·本特利的成就更令人崇敬。
23．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段，威尔逊·本特利在1880年过15岁的生日，由此可知，他出生于1865年。第一段他拍出雪花照片时是20岁，再根据第三段第一句，在他用照相机做实验的2年后，因此，他买照相机时大概在18岁。
Passage 7
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。
24．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were simultaneously （同时地） shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves.”可知，测试对象被要求重复视频里的人所做的手势。故选B。
25．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures.”可推断，发送脉冲是为了确认运动皮层的功能。故选C。
26．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms.”可推断，Brian Mathias认为这一研究可以运用于课堂教学。故选C。
27．答案与解析：D 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。所以“Gestures Help Learn New Words”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors. D．The design of Galton's experiment.
2．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________．
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
3．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
Passage 2
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
5．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant. D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
6．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her. B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work. D．There was no space for school gardens.
7．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
Passage 3
Looking for a cool new book this season TFK Kid Reporters read and reviewed some of the best books of the year.
Yusuf Azeem is Not a Hero
Yusuf Azeem is hoping to have a great first year in middle school. Standing in his way are the hate notes left in his locker and his struggle to find his place in a new community. YusufAzeemIsNotaHero, by Saadia Faruqi, will appeal to readers who like stories about everyday kids overcoming challenges and finding inner strength.
Black Boy Joy
The short stories in BlackBoyJoy, edited by Kwame Mbalia, celebrate the pleasures of Black childhood. There are also stories about victories, competitions, and getting dressed for their first day of school. Most are short, with simple plots. People who enjoy bite size stories of happiness will like this collection.
Paradise on Fire
In ParadiseonFire, by Jewell Parker Rhodes, Addy is a shy, 15 year old girl who escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents. When a fire breaks out at the wilderness camp, Addy knows what to do. Will Addy be able to lead her fellow campers to safety Readers will love the mix of suspense, action, and emotion in this book.
Chunky
Chunky was written by Yehudi Mercado. In the book, Hudi tries sports, which, however, take him away from what he's truly passionate about: comedy. His imaginary friend, Chunky, appears throughout the story to help Hudi achieve his dreams. Chunky is a great book for kids who want to read about friendship, family, and try to find where they might fit in.
9．Which of the following tells about happy childhood
A．YusufAzeemisNotaHero. B．BlackBoyJoy.
C．ParadiseonFire. D．Chunky.
10．What is the book by Jewell Parker Rhodes about
A．A girl trying to escape from danger.
B．A boy suffering at school.
C．A boy participating in a summer camp.
D．A girl taking an interest in comedy.
11．Who is Chunky in the book
A．A comedian.
B．Hudi's classmate.
C．A shy boy.
D．An unreal friend.
Passage 4
The global population growing, the climate is warming, and, no surprise, the demand for energy is steadily increasing. We need to use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tobias Tribenbacher, from the University of the Arts Berlin, has created a street light called Papilio in response to global sustainability initiatives, saying that he initially chose to create a city facing street light due to such lights' role in tight pollution.
Papilio can be mounted to walls or set up as a freestanding lantern. The lamp should ideally be placed between three to six metres above ground, where ground level winds are the strongest. The lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine(涡轮), catching the wind to produce its own energy. It also has a rechargeable battery that stores electricity, so the lamp can operate even on less windy days.
Another key component of the lamp is the light itself. The warm colored light doesn't draw the attention of insects，and it uses an infrared(红外线的) sensor so that the light is only started by nearby motion, reducing its contribution to light pollution.
Aside from saving public space and beautifying streets，the street light's design is also a visual signal of clean energy in action. “Design not only determines how street lights are working. It can also shape our attitude towards them and consequently affect how we use them，” Tobias Tribenbacher says. “Because energy creation is often an invisible process, projects such as these help the production of electricity become comprehensible.”
The lamp's ability to change wind power into electricity can also be a huge benefit to naturally windy areas. And since it doesn't require any electrical infrastructure (基础设施), there will be an opportunity to fix the street lights in remote settings or places where infrastructure innovations can be cost prohibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character of streets and squares, Papilio is envisioned as a public sustainability statement that motivates residents to take part in transforming our cities into climate friendly, future proof environments.
12．Why did Tribenbacher choose to create the street light
A．To tackle light pollution. B．To reduce biodiversity loss.
C．To beautify the city he lives in. D．To draw public attention to waste.
13．Which of the following is the feature of the street light
A．It occupies a large space. B．It can be fixed anywhere.
C．It is switched off by hand. D．It is unattractive to insects.
14．What do Tribenbacher's words in paragraph 5 imply
A．The climate crisis is tough to address. B．Design can facilitate our comprehension.
C.We must take action to save clean energy. D．We know little about electricity generation.
15．What is the purpose of the text
A．To stress the importance of innovation. B．To introduce a wind powered street light.
C.To advocate environmental sustainability. D．To analyze the sustainability of the street light.
Passage 5
Orekunrin is the founder of the for profit company, Flying Doctors Nigeria Ltd., the first emergency air ambulance service in the country. In Nigeria, where road conditions can be poor, and rural clinics are often unprepared to deal with major medical emergencies, Flying Doctors has become a lifesaver, which can quickly carry patients from remote areas to hospitals.
Orekunrin planned to set up the company after her 12 year old sister died. When she was still in medical school in the UK, her sister was on holiday in Nigeria and unexpectedly needed emergency treatment. The nearest clinic wasn't able to treat her. The family tried to find an air ambulance to move her, but the quickest available service was far away in South Africa. Her sister had died by the time a flight became available.
“I was filled with deep sadness and almost anger，” Orekunrin says. “I wanted to come to Nigeria and try to contribute in some way.”
But getting__Flying__Doctors__off__the__ground__wasn't__easy. Orekunrin began by renting aircrafts as a way to keep costs down. She then established partnerships with hospitals across Africa and abroad and started her company nearly five years ago. The company now has 20 helicopters and jets and a staff that includes seven senior flight physicians.
Orekunrin has also worked toward improving medical care across Nigeria. Flying Doctors now provides scholarships to medical students and has established partnerships with rural non governmental organizations, such as the Starlite Hopes Initiative, in Nigeria's Delta State, which offers care to the poor.
Orekunrin hopes to keep finding new ways to improve medical services in Nigeria. The young doctor knows there are challenges ahead, but as she's already shown, not even the sky is the limit.
16．What does Flying Doctors do
A．It provides people with free care. B．It transports patients quickly.
C．It improves clinics' services. D．It helps to build roads.
17．Orekunrin came up with the idea of setting up Flying Doctors because of ________．
A．her major B．her personal tragedy
C．the big profits D．her sister's advice
18．The underlined words in the text mean ________．
A．the helicopters couldn't take off
B．the company didn't start smoothly
C．the doctors weren't used to working in the air
D．the nation wasn't ready for air ambulance services
19．Which of the following can best describe Orekunrin
A．Caring and determined. B．Honest but bad tempered.
C．Ambitious and friendly. D．Innocent and single minded.
Passage 6
In 1885, American farmer Wilson Bentley attached a camera to his microscope and took what is believed to be the very first photo of a snowflake.
The images are now regarded as having helped shape the world of science photography. Snowflakes have since become the subject of attraction for photographers.
But Bentley's images resulted from two years of experimenting with his camera, according to Sue Richardson, his great grandniece.
“He was so far ahead of his time with his research and photography, which were all self taught，” she said in a phone interview.
In 1880, Bentley's experiments began with a microscope that his mother bought for his 15th birthday. Growing up in freezing Vermont, Bentley would identify snowflakes that he liked, before brushing the others away with a turkey feather. He would then move the snowflake onto a microscope slide, holding his breath to prevent his sample from melting in the warmth.
Eventually, Bentley found a way to attach his camera to the microscope—a basic setup that made his achievements all the more impressive, according to Michael Peres, a professor of biomedical photography at the Rochester Institute of Technology.
“Snowflake photography is a challenging task of isolating, preserving, focusing and lighting a minute crystalline (结晶的) structure，” Peres said in a phone interview. “Bentley worked with primitive (原始的) materials, which made his work even more appreciated. Early photographic materials were too simple.”
Technological limitations posed another challenge—Bentley would have to wait until spring before it was warm enough to develop (冲洗) the photos in his woodshed. But he was fascinated by what emerged.
In a 1904 article, Bentley wrote：“The wonders and beauties of snow come to us not only to show the amazing beauty of the minute in nature but to teach us that all earthly beauty is short enough and must soon fade away.”
20．What is author's purpose of writing the second paragraph
A．To show what the snowflakes really look like.
B．To show Bentley's influence on photography.
C．To show how Bentley made the perfect images.
D．To show many photographers were interested.
21．What did Sue Richardson think of her great granduncle's photography then
A．Admirable. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Tolerant.
22．According to Peres, what makes Bentley's achievements more appreciated
A．His determination. B．His persistence.
C．His courage. D．Technological limitations.
23．How old was Bentley when he probably bought his camera
A．39 years old. B．20 years old.
C．18 years old. D．15 years old.
Passage 7
When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning.
As neuroscientist Brian Mathias and his colleagues described in the JournalofNeuroscience, they had 22 German speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words (such as “lamube” for “camera，” and “atesi” for “thought”) over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were simultaneously (同时地) shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in a multiple choice test.
At the same time, they had a device attached to their heads that sent weak pulses to their primary motor cortex (皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. When these interfering (干扰) signals were active, the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied by gestures. When the device sent no interfering signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be active), they found it easier to remember the words. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. This applied to concrete words, such as “camera”， as well as abstract ones, such as “thought”．
“Our results provide evidence for why learning techniques that involve the body's motor system should be used more often，” says Mathias. “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms. People use it spontaneously (自发地), if they're good teachers and good listeners. But we don't necessarily bring it into the class if we don't think about it.”
24．What were the subjects required to do in the test
A．Repeat what other subjects describe. B．Follow what the person in the video did.
C．Match the vocabulary with relative pictures. D．Translate the vocabulary into a foreign language.
25．Why were pulses sent to the subjects' motor cortex
A．To control their body movements. B．To shelter other interfering signals.
C．To identify the function of the motor cortex. D．To confirm the abstract thoughts in their mind.
26．What is Brian Mathias' expectation of the research
A．It will be carried out more frequently. B．It will involve more concrete objects.
C．It will be applied to classroom teaching. D．It will motivate his colleagues to participate.
27．What is the best title for the text
A．Good Learning Techniques Matter More B．Repeating Strengthens Memory
C．Body Language Betters Communication D．Gestures Help Learn New Words
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. （这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. （用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的）”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. （这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds （在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous. （尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools.（起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘Urban Sprouts’学校花园项目。）”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. ‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.（她说。‘他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。）”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ‘They get outside，’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’（她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去，’她说，‘他们觉得成功。’）”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。故选C。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本儿童书的情况，包括作者、故事梗概等。
9．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据Black Boy Joy部分中的第一句可知，BlackBoyJoy讲述了快乐的童年。故选B。
10．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Jewell Parker Rhodes写的书是关于一个试图逃离危险的女孩的故事。故选A。
11．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，书中的Chunky是一个虚构的朋友。imaginary和unreal同义，故选D。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的路灯，这款路灯是由风能转化为电能，因此可以减少能源使用，从而减少对环境的污染。
12．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段以及第四段第二句可知，这款路灯最初设计的目的就是用来应对光污染问题。故选A。
13．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这款路灯不会吸引小昆虫。故选D。
14．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Design not only determines how street lights... the production of electricity become comprehensible.”可推断出，这样的设计可以促进我们对于能源生产的理解。故选B。
15．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段以及下文对这款路灯的作用、工作原理的介绍可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介绍一款风能路灯。故选B。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Orekunrin的妹妹在尼日利亚度假时遭遇意外，由于没有得到及时的治疗不幸身亡，这让Orekunrin决定改变尼日利亚的医疗状况，开创空中救护服务。
16．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由第一段中的“which can quickly carry patients from remote areas to hospitals”可知，这个公司可以用飞机及时地把病人送到医院。
17．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句及第三段可知，妹妹的死亡让Orekunrin很悲痛，并萌生了开创空中救护服务的念头。
18．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由本句后的内容可知，Orekunrin为了创办这个公司，采取了很多措施，直到5年前才得以成功，由此可以推测这个公司的创办之路并不顺利。
19．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由文章中倒数第二段可看出，Orekunrin关心他人；从Orekunrin克服种种困难，最终成功创办公司及最后一段中的“as she's already shown，not even the sky is the limit”可看出，Orekunrin意志坚决。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。出生并在佛蒙特州长大的威尔逊·本特利，把显微镜和照相机拴在一起，拍下了人类历史上第一张雪花照片，为科学摄影开了历史先河，并影响了后代的摄影师。
20．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。第二段提到威尔逊·本特利的影像塑造了科学摄影学；自此，雪花成了摄影师关注的素材。由此可知，此段旨在说明威尔逊·本特利对摄影的影响。
21．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第三、四段可知苏·理查德森认为本特利拍摄的图像远远领先时代，而且他是完全自学，故推知苏·理查德森对他的曾祖叔父充满敬佩之情。
22．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。由第五至八段可知，雪花极易融化，工作设备原始且简陋，冲洗照片要等到春暖花开的时候，由此可推知，科学技术的限制使得威尔逊·本特利的成就更令人崇敬。
23．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段，威尔逊·本特利在1880年过15岁的生日，由此可知，他出生于1865年。第一段他拍出雪花照片时是20岁，再根据第三段第一句，在他用照相机做实验的2年后，因此，他买照相机时大概在18岁。
Passage 7
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。
24．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were simultaneously （同时地） shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves.”可知，测试对象被要求重复视频里的人所做的手势。故选B。
25．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures.”可推断，发送脉冲是为了确认运动皮层的功能。故选C。
26．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms.”可推断，Brian Mathias认为这一研究可以运用于课堂教学。故选C。
27．答案与解析：D 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。所以“Gestures Help Learn New Words”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。