2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 强化训练（有答案解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届 高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 强化训练（有答案解析） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 326.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-13 20:11:42 | ||
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Passage 1
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
Passage 2
ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to．
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
5．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.
6．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.
7．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
8．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date. B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
Passage 3
Often when we think of taking some time out and having a little R&R, the image that comes to mind is that of being very still with the aim of moving as little as possible. Rest, we have come to learn, means sitting down, putting our feet up and unburdening ourselves.
This is all good and well, and as a working mother of two, I completely appreciate the physical exhaustion that comes from standing literally for hours followed by the cool wave of relief that radiates from the soles of my feet upwards when I finally sit down. What is a better way to do that than a day spent doing nothing
So why, then, do I still find myself exhausted in the evening I've done hardly any physical activity at all, and how can I possibly be this tired The answer, I realized, is down to the fact that I wasn't getting enough cognitive rest. Surfing, texting and answering emails, engaging with people online, the news cycle and the endless worries, all of this can take place while a person is fully curled up on the sofa in pajamas. All these things inhibit us from receiving enough mental rest.
I caught up with CBT therapist Charlotte Luscombe who shared with me the importance of switching off mentally as well as physically. She explains, “We can be physically still and resting but that does not mean our bodies are in a relaxed state. Our minds can continue to race and can cause anxiety when doing so.”
And what suggestions does Charlotte have for busy minded individuals like me “Active rest，” she tells me. “Activities that help you to engage your mind can help you to relax even if you are physically doing something, as this encourages cognitive rest. They can be yoga, walking, reading, coloring etc. Even doing something active with your mind engaged will be more restful than sitting down but worrying for hours.”
9．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The manner of sitting. B．The common sense of rest.
C．The definition of a still life. D．The physical tiredness.
10．What does the underlined word “inhibit” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Protect. B．Prevent.
C．Separate. D．Save.
11．How can a busy minded person stay more relaxed according to Charlotte
A．Interacting online. B．Doing nothing at home.
C．Focusing on reading. D．Going to a therapist.
12．What would be the best title for this text
A．How to Correctly Sit Down B．How to Timely Deal with Worries
C．How to Properly Rest Your Brain D．How to Fully Engage Your Mind
Passage 4
It is common and usual to see people freak__out when they face challenges in their life. We all pass different life problems and challenges. No one is free of life problems. Only a dead man faces no problem. As long as you are alive, challenges are everywhere.
How do you face problems and challenges in your life Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality. They make you who you are. Besides, whether what happened in your life builds or destroys you depends on how you look at it. If you take your problems as troubles, they will be troubles and may cause destruction. If you take them as constructive tools, you are going to be built up on them.
Problems are everywhere. No one can avoid them. And they are good too. They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see. When you face troubles, do not frustrate or freak out. Just cool yourself to think in a different direction. Think in a positive way. Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides. Focus on the good one. Look at the bright side.
Besides, there are always good people, perhaps your mom and dad, or your friends, right beside you who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them. No matter what happens, they will be there to help you. Trust them and they will never let you down. All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are.
13．What's the meaning of the underlined phrase “freak out” in Paragraph 1
A.Feel shy. B．Feel upset. C．Feel happy. D．Stay calm.
14．In Paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________．
A．problems cause troubles B．challenges can be avoided
C．attitude is everything D．personalities are built on failures
15．According to the last paragraph, when we're in trouble, we ________．
A．can only depend on our parents B．are not confident
C．should only believe ourselves D．are not alone
16．What's the writer's purpose in writing the text
A．To explain. B．To compare. C．To prove. D．To encourage.
Passage 5
Are you addicted to computer games Do you stay up all night playing them Do you feel happy after you play computer games
There's no doubt that the excitement of games makes them hard to put down: You can role play—creating your own fantasy characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into an imaginary world. And there are shooting games where you can let out your anger and depression in violent situations where you kill people with guns. You can get excited from the games.
However, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual (虚拟的) reality be good for us Popular games like GrandTheftAuto have been blamed for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Internet safety advisor, Alan MacKenzie, thinks many people will just understandably think that a game is just a game without realizing the exact content that's in there. He gives an example of the violence, which he says is wholly inappropriate for anybody, not to mention children.
Others will argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence that playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games like GameofThrones and WorldofWarcraft are educational. Studies have also shown that the skills used in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability to think in 3D and even improve our eyesight.
Video game players are also no longer just simple creatures. For some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and WorldofWarcraft often being played in groups. When your group works together to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by yourself.
17．Why does the writer use a lot of questions at the beginning
A．To introduce the topic of the text.
B．To show his worries about the effect on health.
C．To doubt the advantage of playing computer games.
D．To ask the reader for their own opinions about games.
18．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Games contain extreme violence.
B．The contents of the game are complex.
C．Gaming is a harmful form of entertainment.
D．Popular games lead to students' falling results at school.
19．In Paragraph 4, the author supports his idea ________．
A．with descriptive words B．by giving some examples
C．by making comparisons D．by providing some numbers
Passage 6
If you are above the age of 40 then there are chances you would not know much about Snap Music. But if that is the case, then ask your daughter or son, and perhaps, she or he would even perform it for you. Indeed, Snap Music is one of the cool hip hop rap styles that support hip hop music. In simple words, Snap Music is the music to which you “snap” (捻着手指发劈啪声) your fingers and move with the rhythm. This may seem relatively easy, but sure enough, it has its share of uniqueness which makes it stand apart.
The theoretical and technical characteristics of Snap Music are slow paced beats, regular and timed snapping of fingers, which created pleasing rhythms. Often as rappers rap, they get the audience clapping or snapping along with them.
Snap Music was from Atlanta. It gradually made its way to the other parts of America. It is generally believed that Snap was inspired by Crunk Music and it is Atlanta's Crunk style. But they are quite different. While Crunk has high energy, Snap has an unhurried feel to it. An occasional whistle or a poly rhythmic (多节奏的) combination can be heard; this is done to improve the feeling of the music. It is also said that the music was made for the club crowd and at first was meant for dance lovers; but as the form developed, it turned out to be rather slow.
There is a wide audience for this type of music. Here, this type of hip hop music is often simple with not much depth or story. But then again, how many rap songs have depths and stories these days So, if you are a teenager or a young adult, you might just enjoy the change that Snap offers.
20．We can learn from the text that US Snap Music ________．
A．is well known for its fast beats B．is most popular in Atlanta
C．is very similar to Crunk Music D．has changed in the development process
21．Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of Snap Music
A．Simple stories. B．High energy.
C．Whistles. D．Diverse rhythms.
22．The text is written to ________．
A．advise people to enjoy Snap Music
B．explain why people like Snap Music
C．teach teenagers to perform Snap Music
D．give a brief introduction to Snap Music
Passage 7
Ask for directions to a hardware store in Santa Claus, Indiana, and you may be told to take Sleigh Bell Lane, or Christmas Boulevard and so on, before you arrive at Santa's Hardware Store. In the town of less than 3，000 residents, the spirit of Christmas does not begin on Dec. 1 nor end on Dec. 25.
Santa Claus claims to be the only post office in the world with Santa's name. The town's post office receives around 400，000 pieces of mail each holiday season.
The legend goes that locals were trying to come up with a town name when children heard sleigh bells outside and shouted, “Santa Claus，” thereby naming the town.
Pat Koch, an 85 year old woman who has spent nearly her whole life in Santa Claus, is known as the town's “Chief Elf”. Koch sees an annual operation of more than 100 volunteers who send hand written replies to the more than 20，000 letters that are sent to Santa Claus on average each holiday season.
“Sometimes Santa can't send you everything you want, but I think the miracle of all of it is when that child gets the letter and opens it, and that will be a wonderful part of Christmas，” remarked Koch, who said letters came from around the world, and from adults too.
For the residents of Santa Claus, the town's namesake (同名) is a very real existence whom they see every day in local stores like Santa's Car Care, Kringle Place, Evergreen Boutique (精品店) and Frosty's Fun Center. There are also statues of Santa Claus all over the town.
“He's a local. He lives here and people address him as Santa，” said Melissa Brockman, a lifelong resident. “You can see Santa in street clothes and kids and families know that's Santa，” she added. “There's no question about it.”
23．What does the author mention Santa's Hardware Store for in the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To introduce the most famous landmark.
C．To persuade the tourists to visit the town. D．To tell the tourists how to get to the spot.
24．How did the town “Santa Claus” get its name
A．The tourists gave it the name. B．The children chose the name.
C．The locals got it by accident. D．The text didn't tell the readers.
25．What do we know about the letters sent to and from Santa Claus
A．Hand written replies to the letters sent here have been a practice for long.
B．Pat Koch has been writing letters to the children worldwide every year.
C．All the letters sent to Santa Claus are from children throughout the world.
D．The town's post office receives about 40，000 letters each holiday season.
26．What can we infer from what Melissa Brockman said
A．There are statues of Santa Claus all over the town as well.
B．There are many residents calling themselves Santa Claus.
C．Children and families know Santa in street clothes well.
D．Santa Claus keeps the Christmas spirit alive all year long.
Passage 8
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing,even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia(生产力畸形).It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.In fact,you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being.Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance Similarly,companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks.Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive,as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements,but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
27.What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in paragraph 1
A.Tired. B.Excited.
C.Satisfied. D.Disappointed.
28.Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity
A.Minor competitiveness.
B.Pressure from jobs.
C.Instructions from the boss.
D.Internalized needs.
29.Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia
A.A man completes work in working hours.
B.A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C.A woman works everywhere at anytime.
D.A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
30.What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers
A.Favorable. B.Negative.
C.Unconcerned. D.Neutral.
Passage 9
Wheat and corn are used to make bread,pizza and other delicious foods,but in a few years they could also power your car.Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels that we’re used to using.It’s now well established that fossil fuels are incredibly harmful to our health and the environment and they’re not renewable,either.When so many people rely on petrol and diesel(柴油) to power vehicles,it makes sense to develop a renewable alternative that’s easy to use.
That’s where biofuel comes in.The most common biofuel produced globally is ethanol(乙醇),and it’s used frequently in Brazil and the US,while biodiesel is more popular in Europe.However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues that need fixing before they can go mainstream.It currently takes more ethanol than gasoline to produce the same amount of energy,for instance.Production is expensive,and several parts of the process sometimes use fossil fuels,which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.
Some environmental campaigners also say that it would be more useful to grow crops for food rather than biofuel,and that growing crops for biofuel can cause problems with soil loss and deforestation.Using land for fuel rather than food can lead to an increase in food prices,too,and can affect natural habitats.
Crop and fat-based biofunels may not be perfect,but those aren’t the only biofuels available.Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae(海藻) instead.This process uses water and land that often isn’t suitable for many other situations,so it doesn’t take up space that’s useful for food production,and it often has better yields(产量) than other types of biofuel components.
There’s plenty of development beyond algae,too.Some companies even use seaweed.Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material that’s viable for biofuel production.These second-generation biofuels could make biofuel far cheaper and more accessible,and help cut emissions down.
31.Why are biofuels supposed to replace fossil fuels
A.Fossil fuels are difficult to produce.
B.Fossil fuels are harmful to vehicles.
C.Biofuels are economical and attainable.
D.Biofuels are eco-friendly and sustainable.
32.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The potential of gasoline.
B.The advantages of biofuels.
C.The popularity of ethanol in Europe.
D.The problems with first-generation biofuels.
33.Why is algae used to create biofuels by some organisations
A.It can reduce soil loss.
B.It is often more productive.
C.It occupies no land to grow.
D.It helps to lower food prices.
34.What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Stable. B.Durable.
C.Workable. D.Flexible.
Passage 10
In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine(海洋的) systems,a new study published in the journal Environmental DNA details how Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autonomous underwater robots to sample environmental DNA(eDNA),which allows scientists to detect the presence of aquatic species from the tiny bits of genetic(遗传学的) material they leave behind.This “DNA soup” offers clues about biodiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence of rare or endangered species—all critical to understanding and preserving a healthy ocean.
Researchers combined two novel autonomous platforms developed by MBARI for this study—the Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Environmental Sample Processor(ESP).The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.The ESP is a robotic “laboratory-in-a-can” that filters(过滤) seawater and preserves eDNA for future study.By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technology,researchers can monitor the ocean better.
“We know that eDNA is an incredibly powerful tool for studying ocean communities,but we’ve been limited by what we can accomplish using expensive crewed research ships.Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean,” said Kobun Truelove,a biological oceanographer at MBARI and the lead author of the paper.
Marine biodiversity is a measure of the abundance of individuals and species in the ocean.This interconnected mixture of organisms supports food webs,produces the air we breathe,and regulates our climate.Autonomous tools like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers to monitor changes in sensitive ecosystems in ways that were not possible previously.
“Ship-based research will continue to play an important role in oceanographic studies,but adding new autonomous technology to the toolkit will expand capacity for research,monitoring,and resource management,” said Truelove.
35.What do the underlined words “aquatic species” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Those living in water.
B.Those growing near water.
C.Those becoming endangered.
D.Those consuming eDNA.
36.What can the LRAUV do
A.Filter seawater effectively.
B.Preserve eDNA for future study.
C.Travel for months at a time in the ocean.
D.Reach remote areas of the ocean frequently.
37.What can we infer from Truelove’s words
A.Autonomous technology is more economical and efficient.
B.Ship-based research is more time-saving and energy-saving.
C.Autonomous robots have entirely replaced traditional research ships.
D.Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts of the ocean.
38.What can be the best title for the text
A.Researchers Discover a “DNA Soup”
B.Autonomous Technology Needs Improving
C.Robots Sample eDNA to Monitor Ocean Health
D.The Biodiversity of the Ocean Needs Protection
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. （这本书的目标是解释数字极简主义，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种生活态度）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
2．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. （这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. （在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1 600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. （你可以将这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
5．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration... three hundred artworks from museums around the world”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments （这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻）”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
8．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader （它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性）”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off line’ activity （印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的‘离线’活动的机会）”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。
9．答案与解析：B 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段主要讲的是人们对休息的普遍看法。故选B。
10．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The answer, I realized, is down to the fact that I wasn't getting enough cognitive rest. Surfing, texting... All these things”以及后文“us from receiving enough mental rest”可知，上网、发短信、回邮件、在网上与人交流、看新闻以及无休止的担忧，所有这些都可能发生在一个人穿着睡衣完全蜷缩在沙发上的时候，所有这些事情都阻止我们得到足够的精神上的休息。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。
11．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，一个忙碌的人可以通过专注阅读来放松。故选C。
12．答案与解析：C 标题归纳题。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。由此可知，C选项“如何让大脑得到适当的休息”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。人生难免会遇到问题与挑战，没有人可以避免，但是它们能开阔视野，也能提供机会。
13．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。由该词后的“when they face challenges in their life”可猜测freak out意为“心烦意乱的，不安的”。
14．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由文章第二段最后两句可知，态度决定一切，故C为正确选项。
15．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Besides，there are always good people... right beside you”可知，当处于困境时，我们并不孤独，故D为正确选项。
16．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。本文论述了人生难免会遇到问题与挑战，但是它们能开阔视野，也能提供机会。最后作者告诉人们无论在什么情况下，都有人在你身边。故本文是鼓励的语气。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了电脑游戏的积极作用和消极作用，并提出应当正确看待电脑游戏，选择有益于自己身心健康的游戏。
17．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的第三句以及第二段的内容可知，文章开头用3个问句的目的是引出本文话题：我们该如何看待电脑游戏，故A项正确。
18．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是该段最后一句中的“the violence, which he says is wholly inappropriate for anybody”可知，该段主要论述了玩电脑游戏是一种有害的娱乐方式。
19．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Some games like GameofThrones and WorldofWarcraft are educational”可知，作者通过列举GameofThrones和WorldofWarcraft这两种电脑游戏说明游戏对孩子有积极作用，该段使用了举例法，故B项正确。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。你知道什么是“响指说唱”吗？本文将给你介绍。
20．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。通读文章可知，响指说唱起源于亚特兰大，后来逐渐在美国其他地方流行起来，节奏比较慢且有规律。故据此可排除A、B、C三项。由第三段最后两句可知，响指说唱的发展经历了一些变化，故D项正确。
21．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由第三段第五句可知high energy是Crunk Music的特点。
22．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了响指说唱的起源、特点、发展等情况，故本题选D。
Passage 7
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。世界上真的有叫“圣诞老人”的小镇。小镇的邮局每个假日季会收到约40万封邮件，每年圣诞节期间会有100多名志愿者给人们写回信。
23．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。整篇文章介绍了Santa Claus小镇的近况、小镇名称的由来、小镇邮局的信件和小镇的圣诞节情结等，故推测，提到Santa's Hardware Store的目的是引出话题。
24．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，当地人在给小镇起名字时，突然听到孩子们的喊叫声才将小镇取名为Santa Claus，故选C。
25．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第四段中85岁高龄的Pat Koch见证了每年100多名志愿者给来自世界各地的人们写回信的盛况可推断，这种做法已经成为一种常规做法，故选A。
26．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Melissa认为圣诞老人是当地人，故推测圣诞元素在小镇无时无处不在。
Passage 8
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,以及对人们生活的影响。
27.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout ”以及画线词上文“It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。
28.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.”和第四段的“Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.”可知,内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。
29.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia.”可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。
30.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。
Passage 9
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好处,以及对它的展望。
31.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels...that’s easy to use.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。
32.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues...which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲述了第一代生物燃料的问题。
33.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae instead...than other types of biofuel components.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。
34.C 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料生产的材料,所以viable应该是“可行的”之意,和C项“Workable”意思相近。
Passage 10
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。
35.A 词句猜测题。根据上下文语境以及上文的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems”可知,科学家监测的是海洋生物,所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。故选A项。
36.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.”可知,远程自主水下航行器(LRAUV) 可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。故选D项。
37.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean” 可知,自主技术更加经济、高效。故选A项。
38.C 主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems...leave behind.”可知,本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。故选C项。
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
Passage 2
ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to．
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
5．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.
6．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.
7．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
8．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date. B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
Passage 3
Often when we think of taking some time out and having a little R&R, the image that comes to mind is that of being very still with the aim of moving as little as possible. Rest, we have come to learn, means sitting down, putting our feet up and unburdening ourselves.
This is all good and well, and as a working mother of two, I completely appreciate the physical exhaustion that comes from standing literally for hours followed by the cool wave of relief that radiates from the soles of my feet upwards when I finally sit down. What is a better way to do that than a day spent doing nothing
So why, then, do I still find myself exhausted in the evening I've done hardly any physical activity at all, and how can I possibly be this tired The answer, I realized, is down to the fact that I wasn't getting enough cognitive rest. Surfing, texting and answering emails, engaging with people online, the news cycle and the endless worries, all of this can take place while a person is fully curled up on the sofa in pajamas. All these things inhibit us from receiving enough mental rest.
I caught up with CBT therapist Charlotte Luscombe who shared with me the importance of switching off mentally as well as physically. She explains, “We can be physically still and resting but that does not mean our bodies are in a relaxed state. Our minds can continue to race and can cause anxiety when doing so.”
And what suggestions does Charlotte have for busy minded individuals like me “Active rest，” she tells me. “Activities that help you to engage your mind can help you to relax even if you are physically doing something, as this encourages cognitive rest. They can be yoga, walking, reading, coloring etc. Even doing something active with your mind engaged will be more restful than sitting down but worrying for hours.”
9．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The manner of sitting. B．The common sense of rest.
C．The definition of a still life. D．The physical tiredness.
10．What does the underlined word “inhibit” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Protect. B．Prevent.
C．Separate. D．Save.
11．How can a busy minded person stay more relaxed according to Charlotte
A．Interacting online. B．Doing nothing at home.
C．Focusing on reading. D．Going to a therapist.
12．What would be the best title for this text
A．How to Correctly Sit Down B．How to Timely Deal with Worries
C．How to Properly Rest Your Brain D．How to Fully Engage Your Mind
Passage 4
It is common and usual to see people freak__out when they face challenges in their life. We all pass different life problems and challenges. No one is free of life problems. Only a dead man faces no problem. As long as you are alive, challenges are everywhere.
How do you face problems and challenges in your life Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality. They make you who you are. Besides, whether what happened in your life builds or destroys you depends on how you look at it. If you take your problems as troubles, they will be troubles and may cause destruction. If you take them as constructive tools, you are going to be built up on them.
Problems are everywhere. No one can avoid them. And they are good too. They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see. When you face troubles, do not frustrate or freak out. Just cool yourself to think in a different direction. Think in a positive way. Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides. Focus on the good one. Look at the bright side.
Besides, there are always good people, perhaps your mom and dad, or your friends, right beside you who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them. No matter what happens, they will be there to help you. Trust them and they will never let you down. All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are.
13．What's the meaning of the underlined phrase “freak out” in Paragraph 1
A.Feel shy. B．Feel upset. C．Feel happy. D．Stay calm.
14．In Paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________．
A．problems cause troubles B．challenges can be avoided
C．attitude is everything D．personalities are built on failures
15．According to the last paragraph, when we're in trouble, we ________．
A．can only depend on our parents B．are not confident
C．should only believe ourselves D．are not alone
16．What's the writer's purpose in writing the text
A．To explain. B．To compare. C．To prove. D．To encourage.
Passage 5
Are you addicted to computer games Do you stay up all night playing them Do you feel happy after you play computer games
There's no doubt that the excitement of games makes them hard to put down: You can role play—creating your own fantasy characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into an imaginary world. And there are shooting games where you can let out your anger and depression in violent situations where you kill people with guns. You can get excited from the games.
However, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual (虚拟的) reality be good for us Popular games like GrandTheftAuto have been blamed for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Internet safety advisor, Alan MacKenzie, thinks many people will just understandably think that a game is just a game without realizing the exact content that's in there. He gives an example of the violence, which he says is wholly inappropriate for anybody, not to mention children.
Others will argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence that playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games like GameofThrones and WorldofWarcraft are educational. Studies have also shown that the skills used in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability to think in 3D and even improve our eyesight.
Video game players are also no longer just simple creatures. For some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and WorldofWarcraft often being played in groups. When your group works together to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by yourself.
17．Why does the writer use a lot of questions at the beginning
A．To introduce the topic of the text.
B．To show his worries about the effect on health.
C．To doubt the advantage of playing computer games.
D．To ask the reader for their own opinions about games.
18．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Games contain extreme violence.
B．The contents of the game are complex.
C．Gaming is a harmful form of entertainment.
D．Popular games lead to students' falling results at school.
19．In Paragraph 4, the author supports his idea ________．
A．with descriptive words B．by giving some examples
C．by making comparisons D．by providing some numbers
Passage 6
If you are above the age of 40 then there are chances you would not know much about Snap Music. But if that is the case, then ask your daughter or son, and perhaps, she or he would even perform it for you. Indeed, Snap Music is one of the cool hip hop rap styles that support hip hop music. In simple words, Snap Music is the music to which you “snap” (捻着手指发劈啪声) your fingers and move with the rhythm. This may seem relatively easy, but sure enough, it has its share of uniqueness which makes it stand apart.
The theoretical and technical characteristics of Snap Music are slow paced beats, regular and timed snapping of fingers, which created pleasing rhythms. Often as rappers rap, they get the audience clapping or snapping along with them.
Snap Music was from Atlanta. It gradually made its way to the other parts of America. It is generally believed that Snap was inspired by Crunk Music and it is Atlanta's Crunk style. But they are quite different. While Crunk has high energy, Snap has an unhurried feel to it. An occasional whistle or a poly rhythmic (多节奏的) combination can be heard; this is done to improve the feeling of the music. It is also said that the music was made for the club crowd and at first was meant for dance lovers; but as the form developed, it turned out to be rather slow.
There is a wide audience for this type of music. Here, this type of hip hop music is often simple with not much depth or story. But then again, how many rap songs have depths and stories these days So, if you are a teenager or a young adult, you might just enjoy the change that Snap offers.
20．We can learn from the text that US Snap Music ________．
A．is well known for its fast beats B．is most popular in Atlanta
C．is very similar to Crunk Music D．has changed in the development process
21．Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of Snap Music
A．Simple stories. B．High energy.
C．Whistles. D．Diverse rhythms.
22．The text is written to ________．
A．advise people to enjoy Snap Music
B．explain why people like Snap Music
C．teach teenagers to perform Snap Music
D．give a brief introduction to Snap Music
Passage 7
Ask for directions to a hardware store in Santa Claus, Indiana, and you may be told to take Sleigh Bell Lane, or Christmas Boulevard and so on, before you arrive at Santa's Hardware Store. In the town of less than 3，000 residents, the spirit of Christmas does not begin on Dec. 1 nor end on Dec. 25.
Santa Claus claims to be the only post office in the world with Santa's name. The town's post office receives around 400，000 pieces of mail each holiday season.
The legend goes that locals were trying to come up with a town name when children heard sleigh bells outside and shouted, “Santa Claus，” thereby naming the town.
Pat Koch, an 85 year old woman who has spent nearly her whole life in Santa Claus, is known as the town's “Chief Elf”. Koch sees an annual operation of more than 100 volunteers who send hand written replies to the more than 20，000 letters that are sent to Santa Claus on average each holiday season.
“Sometimes Santa can't send you everything you want, but I think the miracle of all of it is when that child gets the letter and opens it, and that will be a wonderful part of Christmas，” remarked Koch, who said letters came from around the world, and from adults too.
For the residents of Santa Claus, the town's namesake (同名) is a very real existence whom they see every day in local stores like Santa's Car Care, Kringle Place, Evergreen Boutique (精品店) and Frosty's Fun Center. There are also statues of Santa Claus all over the town.
“He's a local. He lives here and people address him as Santa，” said Melissa Brockman, a lifelong resident. “You can see Santa in street clothes and kids and families know that's Santa，” she added. “There's no question about it.”
23．What does the author mention Santa's Hardware Store for in the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To introduce the most famous landmark.
C．To persuade the tourists to visit the town. D．To tell the tourists how to get to the spot.
24．How did the town “Santa Claus” get its name
A．The tourists gave it the name. B．The children chose the name.
C．The locals got it by accident. D．The text didn't tell the readers.
25．What do we know about the letters sent to and from Santa Claus
A．Hand written replies to the letters sent here have been a practice for long.
B．Pat Koch has been writing letters to the children worldwide every year.
C．All the letters sent to Santa Claus are from children throughout the world.
D．The town's post office receives about 40，000 letters each holiday season.
26．What can we infer from what Melissa Brockman said
A．There are statues of Santa Claus all over the town as well.
B．There are many residents calling themselves Santa Claus.
C．Children and families know Santa in street clothes well.
D．Santa Claus keeps the Christmas spirit alive all year long.
Passage 8
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing,even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia(生产力畸形).It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.In fact,you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being.Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance Similarly,companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks.Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive,as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements,but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
27.What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in paragraph 1
A.Tired. B.Excited.
C.Satisfied. D.Disappointed.
28.Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity
A.Minor competitiveness.
B.Pressure from jobs.
C.Instructions from the boss.
D.Internalized needs.
29.Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia
A.A man completes work in working hours.
B.A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C.A woman works everywhere at anytime.
D.A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
30.What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers
A.Favorable. B.Negative.
C.Unconcerned. D.Neutral.
Passage 9
Wheat and corn are used to make bread,pizza and other delicious foods,but in a few years they could also power your car.Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels that we’re used to using.It’s now well established that fossil fuels are incredibly harmful to our health and the environment and they’re not renewable,either.When so many people rely on petrol and diesel(柴油) to power vehicles,it makes sense to develop a renewable alternative that’s easy to use.
That’s where biofuel comes in.The most common biofuel produced globally is ethanol(乙醇),and it’s used frequently in Brazil and the US,while biodiesel is more popular in Europe.However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues that need fixing before they can go mainstream.It currently takes more ethanol than gasoline to produce the same amount of energy,for instance.Production is expensive,and several parts of the process sometimes use fossil fuels,which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.
Some environmental campaigners also say that it would be more useful to grow crops for food rather than biofuel,and that growing crops for biofuel can cause problems with soil loss and deforestation.Using land for fuel rather than food can lead to an increase in food prices,too,and can affect natural habitats.
Crop and fat-based biofunels may not be perfect,but those aren’t the only biofuels available.Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae(海藻) instead.This process uses water and land that often isn’t suitable for many other situations,so it doesn’t take up space that’s useful for food production,and it often has better yields(产量) than other types of biofuel components.
There’s plenty of development beyond algae,too.Some companies even use seaweed.Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material that’s viable for biofuel production.These second-generation biofuels could make biofuel far cheaper and more accessible,and help cut emissions down.
31.Why are biofuels supposed to replace fossil fuels
A.Fossil fuels are difficult to produce.
B.Fossil fuels are harmful to vehicles.
C.Biofuels are economical and attainable.
D.Biofuels are eco-friendly and sustainable.
32.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The potential of gasoline.
B.The advantages of biofuels.
C.The popularity of ethanol in Europe.
D.The problems with first-generation biofuels.
33.Why is algae used to create biofuels by some organisations
A.It can reduce soil loss.
B.It is often more productive.
C.It occupies no land to grow.
D.It helps to lower food prices.
34.What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Stable. B.Durable.
C.Workable. D.Flexible.
Passage 10
In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine(海洋的) systems,a new study published in the journal Environmental DNA details how Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autonomous underwater robots to sample environmental DNA(eDNA),which allows scientists to detect the presence of aquatic species from the tiny bits of genetic(遗传学的) material they leave behind.This “DNA soup” offers clues about biodiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence of rare or endangered species—all critical to understanding and preserving a healthy ocean.
Researchers combined two novel autonomous platforms developed by MBARI for this study—the Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Environmental Sample Processor(ESP).The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.The ESP is a robotic “laboratory-in-a-can” that filters(过滤) seawater and preserves eDNA for future study.By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technology,researchers can monitor the ocean better.
“We know that eDNA is an incredibly powerful tool for studying ocean communities,but we’ve been limited by what we can accomplish using expensive crewed research ships.Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean,” said Kobun Truelove,a biological oceanographer at MBARI and the lead author of the paper.
Marine biodiversity is a measure of the abundance of individuals and species in the ocean.This interconnected mixture of organisms supports food webs,produces the air we breathe,and regulates our climate.Autonomous tools like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers to monitor changes in sensitive ecosystems in ways that were not possible previously.
“Ship-based research will continue to play an important role in oceanographic studies,but adding new autonomous technology to the toolkit will expand capacity for research,monitoring,and resource management,” said Truelove.
35.What do the underlined words “aquatic species” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Those living in water.
B.Those growing near water.
C.Those becoming endangered.
D.Those consuming eDNA.
36.What can the LRAUV do
A.Filter seawater effectively.
B.Preserve eDNA for future study.
C.Travel for months at a time in the ocean.
D.Reach remote areas of the ocean frequently.
37.What can we infer from Truelove’s words
A.Autonomous technology is more economical and efficient.
B.Ship-based research is more time-saving and energy-saving.
C.Autonomous robots have entirely replaced traditional research ships.
D.Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts of the ocean.
38.What can be the best title for the text
A.Researchers Discover a “DNA Soup”
B.Autonomous Technology Needs Improving
C.Robots Sample eDNA to Monitor Ocean Health
D.The Biodiversity of the Ocean Needs Protection
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. （这本书的目标是解释数字极简主义，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种生活态度）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
2．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. （这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. （在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1 600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. （你可以将这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
5．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration... three hundred artworks from museums around the world”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments （这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻）”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
8．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader （它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性）”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off line’ activity （印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的‘离线’活动的机会）”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
Passage 3
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。
9．答案与解析：B 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段主要讲的是人们对休息的普遍看法。故选B。
10．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The answer, I realized, is down to the fact that I wasn't getting enough cognitive rest. Surfing, texting... All these things”以及后文“us from receiving enough mental rest”可知，上网、发短信、回邮件、在网上与人交流、看新闻以及无休止的担忧，所有这些都可能发生在一个人穿着睡衣完全蜷缩在沙发上的时候，所有这些事情都阻止我们得到足够的精神上的休息。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。
11．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，一个忙碌的人可以通过专注阅读来放松。故选C。
12．答案与解析：C 标题归纳题。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。由此可知，C选项“如何让大脑得到适当的休息”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。人生难免会遇到问题与挑战，没有人可以避免，但是它们能开阔视野，也能提供机会。
13．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。由该词后的“when they face challenges in their life”可猜测freak out意为“心烦意乱的，不安的”。
14．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由文章第二段最后两句可知，态度决定一切，故C为正确选项。
15．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Besides，there are always good people... right beside you”可知，当处于困境时，我们并不孤独，故D为正确选项。
16．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。本文论述了人生难免会遇到问题与挑战，但是它们能开阔视野，也能提供机会。最后作者告诉人们无论在什么情况下，都有人在你身边。故本文是鼓励的语气。
Passage 5
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了电脑游戏的积极作用和消极作用，并提出应当正确看待电脑游戏，选择有益于自己身心健康的游戏。
17．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的第三句以及第二段的内容可知，文章开头用3个问句的目的是引出本文话题：我们该如何看待电脑游戏，故A项正确。
18．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是该段最后一句中的“the violence, which he says is wholly inappropriate for anybody”可知，该段主要论述了玩电脑游戏是一种有害的娱乐方式。
19．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Some games like GameofThrones and WorldofWarcraft are educational”可知，作者通过列举GameofThrones和WorldofWarcraft这两种电脑游戏说明游戏对孩子有积极作用，该段使用了举例法，故B项正确。
Passage 6
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。你知道什么是“响指说唱”吗？本文将给你介绍。
20．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。通读文章可知，响指说唱起源于亚特兰大，后来逐渐在美国其他地方流行起来，节奏比较慢且有规律。故据此可排除A、B、C三项。由第三段最后两句可知，响指说唱的发展经历了一些变化，故D项正确。
21．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由第三段第五句可知high energy是Crunk Music的特点。
22．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了响指说唱的起源、特点、发展等情况，故本题选D。
Passage 7
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。世界上真的有叫“圣诞老人”的小镇。小镇的邮局每个假日季会收到约40万封邮件，每年圣诞节期间会有100多名志愿者给人们写回信。
23．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。整篇文章介绍了Santa Claus小镇的近况、小镇名称的由来、小镇邮局的信件和小镇的圣诞节情结等，故推测，提到Santa's Hardware Store的目的是引出话题。
24．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，当地人在给小镇起名字时，突然听到孩子们的喊叫声才将小镇取名为Santa Claus，故选C。
25．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第四段中85岁高龄的Pat Koch见证了每年100多名志愿者给来自世界各地的人们写回信的盛况可推断，这种做法已经成为一种常规做法，故选A。
26．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Melissa认为圣诞老人是当地人，故推测圣诞元素在小镇无时无处不在。
Passage 8
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,以及对人们生活的影响。
27.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout ”以及画线词上文“It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。
28.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.”和第四段的“Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.”可知,内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。
29.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia.”可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。
30.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。
Passage 9
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好处,以及对它的展望。
31.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels...that’s easy to use.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。
32.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues...which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲述了第一代生物燃料的问题。
33.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae instead...than other types of biofuel components.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。
34.C 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料生产的材料,所以viable应该是“可行的”之意,和C项“Workable”意思相近。
Passage 10
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。
35.A 词句猜测题。根据上下文语境以及上文的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems”可知,科学家监测的是海洋生物,所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。故选A项。
36.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.”可知,远程自主水下航行器(LRAUV) 可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。故选D项。
37.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean” 可知,自主技术更加经济、高效。故选A项。
38.C 主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems...leave behind.”可知,本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。故选C项。