(共18张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅳ Developing ideas—Writing
写作精析 提升表达能力
01
本单元的写作任务是写太空生活日志，要求学生运用本单元所学词汇和表达，结合日志的写作特点，发挥想象力，描述太空生活。该类写作以叙述事件为主，是用来记叙一段时间中所发生的有意义的事情，主要描写生活中的细小事情，且使用活泼生动的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。
写一篇关于太空生活的日志
[写作要点]
太空生活日志属于记叙文范畴，形式等同于日记。写作时以叙述事件为主，记叙在太空里生活的事情，所以在写作时应注意以下几点：
1．内容：通常包括太空日常生活、做事的感受和印象最深的事情(最喜欢或最不喜欢等)；
2．人称：以第一人称为主；
3．时态：以一般过去时为主。
[常用表达]
(一)开头部分常用表达
1．I'm told that people are concerned about our life here in space.
我听说大家很关心我们在太空这里的生活。
2．They are curious about how we sleep and have meals in the space station.
他们很好奇我们在空间站内是如何睡觉和吃饭的。
3．For the astronauts，eating and drinking water are very difficult.
对于航天员来说，吃饭和喝水是非常困难的。
4．The schedule of life in space is reasonable.
太空生活的安排是合理的。
5．Just like entering a new home，I have to tidy up and put things away first.
就像进入新家一样，我首先要收拾整理，安放物品。
6．Because time is very precious，astronauts have a lot of tasks in space.
由于时间十分宝贵，航天员在太空的任务有很多。
(二)主体部分常用表达
1．As we were so busy in the morning，docking Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 and then entering Tiangong-2 of the complex，we had no time for breakfast.
由于我们早上太忙了，忙着对接“神舟十一号”和“天宫二号”，然后进入复合体的“天宫二号”，我们没有时间吃早餐。
2．We eat only one meal for breakfast and lunch, which are largely ready-to-eat foods.
早餐和午餐我们是合并吃的，大部分都是即食食品。
3．I do a lot of statistics，observations and notes every few hours.
我每隔几个小时要进行大量的统计、观察和记录。
4．Although I was very tired today，I felt very excited.
尽管我今天很累，但我感觉很兴奋。
5．Life in space is wonderful and challenging!
太空生活真是奇妙又有挑战性！
6．Every day in space I experience unexpected and amazing things.
每天在太空中我都会经历令人意想不到的奇妙的事情。
(三)结尾部分常用表达
1．My favorite thing to do is take pictures of the earth.
我最喜欢做的事情是给地球拍照。
2．I would like to share my experiments with people on earth.
我愿意和地球上的人分享我的实验。
3．Eating in a space capsule is a lot of work，and that's my least favorite thing.
在太空舱中吃饭是很费事的一件事，这是我最不喜欢的事情。
4．We all thought the experience was valuable and that we should study hard to make contributions to our country in the future.
我们都认为这次经历是宝贵的，而且我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的国家做贡献。
假如你是李华，有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目，已经在太空生活了几天。请你用英语写一篇日志，向地球上的朋友们简单介绍一下你在太空中一天的生活场景，要包括吃饭、锻炼以及睡觉等几个方面。
[审题构思]
第一段：开门见山，直入主题；
第二段：按时间先后描述这一天发生的事情；
第三段：发表自己的感受以及对太空生活的看法。
[遣词造句]
1．由于没有地心引力，地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中可能会非常困难。(as 引导原因状语从句)
_______________________，the most straightforward daily tasks on the earth can be very difficult in space.
2．起床后，我开始吃早餐。它包括一些面包和一袋果汁。
After getting up，I began to have breakfast._______________________ and a bag of fruit juice.
As there is no gravity
It consisted of some bread
3．我必须取一个吸管来喝果汁，否则它会在飞船中到处飘。
I had to ______________ to drink the juice，otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.
4．工作了两个小时后，我需要锻炼一段时间来保持肌肉强壮。
After I worked for two hours，I needed to _______________________ __________________________.
5．我把腿系到一个特殊的机器上以便我不会飘走。
I tied my legs to a special machine ____________________________．
fetch a straw
work out for some time to
keep my muscles strong
so that I wouldn't float away
6．到了睡觉的时间，我就去一个小橱柜，钻进固定在墙上的睡袋里。
______________________________，I went into a small cupboard，and got into a sleeping bag _________________．
When it was time to go to bed
tied to the wall
[句式升级]
1．用独立主格结构改写句1
There being no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the earth can be very difficult in space.
2．用非限制性定语从句改写句2
After getting up，I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.
3．用动词-ing形式短语作时间状语改写句4
Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.
[连句成篇]
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Sunday，12 April
There being no gravity，the most straightforward daily tasks on the earth can be very difficult in space.
After getting up，I began to have breakfast，which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice，otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.Having worked for two hours，I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.I tied my legs to a special machine so that I wouldn't float
away.When it was time to go to bed，I went into a small cupboard，and got into a sleeping bag tied to the wall.I think I must look like a big sausage.It is so funny，isn't it
Living in space is rather difficult but fun.I enjoy it very much.(共61张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
明晰 学习目标
01
核心单词 unexceptional，shadow，scream，suspend，crew，submit，awesome，telescope，angle，invisible，straightforward，self-discipline，fetch，muscle，pepper，sneeze，disc
重点短语 set foot on，become accustomed to，one's heart in one's mouth，take off，tune in，cast a shadow on over，call to，in reality，work out，at a/an...speed，reach for the stars，be engaged in, be composed of，make contact with，look back to，quest for，on board
重点句式 1.there is/was never any doubt that...毫无疑问…… 2.it作形式主语 3.the＋比较级(＋句子)，the＋比较级(＋句子)
单元语法 复习情态动词
主题写作 写一篇关于太空生活的日志
Section Ⅰ Understanding ideas
语篇精读 突破核心考点
02
教材认知
课文研读
要点精析
1．the black _______黑影
2．_______ with excitement 兴奋地大叫
3．__________the experiment暂停实验
4．the officers and _____军官和全体机组人员
shadow
scream
suspend
crew
1．except v．不包括；不计→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.异常的，罕见的；杰出的→______________ adj.平常的
2．tragic adj.悲惨的→____________adv.悲惨地，不幸地
3．________ v．暂停，中止→suspension n．暂停，延缓
unexceptional
tragically
suspend
1．_____________________ 习惯于(做)某事
2．______________________ 给……蒙上阴影
3．____________ 踏上，登上
4．_________ 脱掉(衣服)；起飞；(使)离去；突然大受欢迎
5．________ 收听，收看
6．_________ 在飞机(火车、船)上
7．____________________________ 提心吊胆；心提到了嗓子眼儿
8．________ 呼唤；向……喊
become accustomed to
cast a shadow on/over
set foot on
take off
tune in
on board
one's heart in one's mouth
call to
1．[句型公式] there is/was never any doubt that...毫无疑问……
But _______________________________ manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
there was never any doubt that
2．[句型公式] “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，_______________________________．
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
no matter how distant they might seem
①set foot on 踏上，登上
②become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
③notion n．概念；观点；看法
④(be) aware of 意识到，明白
⑤arduous adj.艰难的；艰苦的
⑥hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
⑦average adj.普通的，一般的
⑧unexceptional adj.平常的
⑨take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)；突然大受欢迎；变得成功
⑩tune in 收听，收看
be about to do sth.打算做某事
demonstrate v．示范，演示
objective n．目标，目的
a sense of 一种……感
tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
explode v．爆炸
on board 在飞机(火车、船)上
assume v．认为
instantaneously adv.瞬间地
shadow n．坏影响，阴影
cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影
scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
suspend v．暂停，中止
investigate v．调查
component n．部件，组成部分
redesign v．重新设计
resume v．重新开始
crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
sacrifice n．牺牲
The Call of the Challenger
[1]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to② the notion③ of space travel.[2]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of④ how arduous⑤ and hazardous⑥ an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man，one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been
considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average⑦ school students，all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
[1]本句中ever since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
[2]本句中their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作状语；第三个and连接aware of后的并列宾语，前一部分为how引导的宾语从句，后一部分中the many things为介词of的宾语，that could go wrong为定语从句。
Following the Moon landings，space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑧ to the public，as innovations succeeded each other.[3] By the early 1980s，the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.When the Challenger space shuttle took off⑨ on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion，and millions of people tuned in⑩ to witness the take-off on TV.It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37，an ordinary teacher and mother，
was about to become the first civilian in space.She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked，and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
[3]第一个by后跟表示过去的时间状语，句子的谓语用过去完成时。
Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida，and all seven astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been! Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
“I can remember that day so clearly，watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger，and we were all very excited.We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.Then，little more than a minute after take-off，we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky，followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated ， and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned .But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
[4]following the shock of the Challenger disaster为动词-ing形式结构作状语；and为并列连词，连接并列的时间状语从句。
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short，they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration，such as Gagarin，Tereshkova，Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will live forever，written in the stars，inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery.[5] The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.
[5]the sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us为句子主干；reminding... 为动词-ing形式结构作状语，其中that引导宾语从句；no matter how引导让步状语从句。
“挑战者”号的呼唤
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。20世纪 80 年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于 1986 年 1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。
第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。
令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30 多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．The space travel.
B．The Challenger disaster.
C．The great astronauts.
D．The Challenger spirit.
√
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What were people's feelings when people watched that first lunar landing
A．Happy. B．Nervous.
C．Amazed. D．Proud.
√
2．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．The Challenger wasn't so attractive as the first lunar landing to people.
B．Christa was the first to give lessons in space.
C．Before the 1980s，the space shuttle had appeared.
D．The disaster made a difference to people.
√
3．What happened after the Challenger disaster
A．People's attitude to space travel changed.
B．Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly 3 years.
C．People succeeded in launching Discovery.
D．The disaster inspires people to continue space exploration.
√
4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The great people in space exploration.
B．The memory of the dead seven people.
C．The cause of the disaster.
D．The meaning of the disaster.
√
细读课文并找出表达心情及情绪的句子
1．______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
3．________________________________________________________
4．________________________________________________________
Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.
The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.
The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.
1．set foot on 踏上，登上
set about (doing) sth. 开始做某事，着手做某事
set aside 把……放到一边；省出，留出(钱或时间)
set out (to do sth.) 出发，动身；开始(做某事)
set up 建立，设立，开办
set apart 使与众不同；使突出
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Our teachers advise setting ______ a certain hour each day for reading.
②A new middle school has been set ___ in the village.
③我们一周前就开始为这个晚会做准备了。
a．We ________________________ the party one week ago.(doing)
b．We _______________________ the party one week ago.(to do)
[温馨提示] set foot in 和set foot on用法类似，介词in强调进入某个空间，介词on强调踏上某个物体的表面。
aside
up
set about preparing for
set out to prepare for
2．become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
(1)accustom v. 使习惯于
accustom oneself/sb. to sth. 使某人习惯于……
(2)accustomed adj. 习惯于；通常的
be/get/become accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He took his ______________ (accustom) seat by the fire and lit a cigarette.
②He had accustomed himself ___ the steep mountain，so he had no difficulty reaching the top.
③我习惯于乡村生活，总是觉得生活在城市很困难。
________________________________________________________________，I always find it hard to live in the city.
accustomed
to
Accustomed to living in the countryside/Accustoming myself to country
life
3．take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)；突然大受欢迎；变得成功
take away 减少，消除
take back 退回，撤回(说过的话)
take over 接管，接任
take in 收留，留宿，吸入，欺骗，理解
take a day off 请一天假
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm going to take _____ the company one day.
②The doctor gave me some pills to take _____ the pain.
③He was homeless，so we took him ___．
④我已决定下周请几天假。
I've decided _______________________ next week.
over
away
in
to take a few days off
4．tune in 收听，收看
tune v. 调音；调频道；使协调
n. 曲调；曲子
tune in to... 收听，收看……
tune sth.to sth. 把……调到，将……调到
be in/out of tune (with sb./sth.) (与……)协调/不协调，融洽/不融洽
in/out of tune 音调正确/不正确；演奏合调/走调
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Press this button and the television will be tuned___ the next channel.
②The industry is in tune _____ changing demand.
③他感到与他的同学们格格不入。
He felt ____________________________．
to
with
out of tune with his classmates
5．cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影
cast down 不愉快；使沮丧(多用于被动语态)
cast out 驱逐出去；赶走
cast off 丢弃；抛弃
cast away 使(船遇难后的幸存者)流落某处；扔掉；浪费(多用于
被动语态)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He _________(cast) down by what his manager said.
②You must really cast ____ all these bad habits.
③总统的演讲给该国迅猛发展的网络经济的安全蒙上了阴影。
The president's speech ______________________ the safety of the country's fast expanding Internet economy.
was cast
off
cast a shadow on/over
6．suspend v．暂停，中止；推迟
(1)suspend sth./sb. (from sth.) (by/on sth.)
悬/挂/吊……在……上
suspend sth. 暂停/中止某事；推迟……
suspend sb. (from sth.) 使某人暂时停职(或停学等)
(2)suspension n. 暂令停职(或停学、停赛等)；暂缓，延迟
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As the workers went on strike，the company was obliged __________ (suspend) its operations.
②Julie ______________ (suspend) from her job shortly after that incident.
③这种药品在完成进一步检验之前将暂停销售。
Sales of the drug __________________ until more tests are completed.
to suspend
was suspended
will be suspended
7．call to 呼唤；向……喊
call on sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
call in 召来，叫来
call at 停留，停靠
call off 取消；停止进行
call for (去)接；需要；要求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The government then called ___ troops to deal with the disturbances.
②Please call ____ me when you go；don't leave me behind.
③David called____ the children from the foot of the stairs.
④他要求工人们为争取权利而斗争。
He _______________________________ for their rights.
in
for
to
called on the workers to fight
重点句式 there is/was never any doubt that...毫无疑问……
(教材P84)But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
[句式分析]
本句中的there was never any doubt that... ＝there was no doubt that... “毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句，对doubt的内容进行解释说明，其中there不能用it代替。
There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
毫无疑问，这位选手的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。
(1)doubt作名词用时，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。
(2)doubt作动词用时，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接if或whether引导的宾语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is no doubt _____ children's love of the Internet is going badly wrong.
②There is still some doubt ________ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school.
③I don't doubt _____ she can do it well，but I doubt ___________ she is willing to do it.
④毫无疑问，近视在我们国家的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。
_____________________________ nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.
that
whether
that
whether/if
There is never any/no doubt that
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ____ (全体机组人员)，as well as passengers，were quarantined (隔离) as soon as the plane landed.
2．A _______ (阴影) passed over the kind face of the old woman.
3．I'm so fed up I could _______ (尖声大叫)!
4．In June，the officials __________ (中止) the company's export licence.
crew
shadow
scream
suspended
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Nowadays，travelling abroad is ______________ (exceptional) to some people，as the transport has become more convenient.
2．It will not be long before you get accustomed to ________ (drive) on the left side of the road in Britain.
3．To play in front of 40，000 __________(scream) fans was a great experience.
4．As the sun went down we cast long ________(shadow) on the lawn.
5．The school allows a partial ___________(suspend) of its rules on the last day of term.
unexceptional
driving
screaming
shadows
suspension
Ⅲ.选词填空
cast a shadow on, set foot on, tune in, become accustomed to, take off
1．Although they are very tired，gradually，they _________________ the way of working overtime.
2．You can watch aircraft _________ or land at close quarters.
3．The judgement _________________ his future，so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
4．The explorers failed to ____________ the land of Antarctica due to extreme weather.
5．We always ________ to the latest news at ten o'clock to know better about the world.
become accustomed to
take off
cast a shadow on
set foot on
tune in
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back，people have become accustomed 1.___ the notion of space travel.When the Challenger space shuttle took off，the world seemed to 2.__________ (lose) its wonder at the amazing 3._____________ (achievement) of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion because an ordinary teacher and mother was about 4.__________ (become) the first civilian in space.5.___________ (tragic)，she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle 6._________ (explode) just over
to
have lost
achievements
to become
Tragically
exploded
a minute after taking off，which cast 7.__ shadow on people's hearts. Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years until the launch of Discovery.Although it has now been over 30 years since the 8._____ (lose) of Challenger，the sacrifice calls to us，9.__________ (remind) us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter 10.____ distant they might seem.
a
loss
reminding
how(共16张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅴ
单元回扣 复盘知识要点
01
1．______________ adj.平常的
2．_______ n．坏影响，阴影
3．_______ v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
4．_________ v．暂停，中止
5．_____ n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
6．_______ v．提交
7．________ adj.很好的，了不起的
8．__________ n．望远镜
unexceptional
shadow
scream
suspend
crew
submit
awesome
telescope
9．______ v．斜置
10．___________adj.看不见的
11．________________ adj.简单的
12．_________________ n．自我约束，自律
13．______ v．(去)拿来
14．________n.肌肉
15．_______ n．胡椒粉
16．_______ v．打喷嚏
17．_____ n．激光唱片；光碟，光盘
angle
invisible
straightforward
self-discipline
fetch
muscle
pepper
sneeze
disc
1．except v．不包括；不计→__________ n．例外→____________ adj.异常的，罕见的；杰出的→______________ adj.平常的
2．tragic adj.悲惨的→___________ adv.悲惨地，不幸地
3．suspend v．暂停，中止→___________ n．暂停，延缓
4．awe n．敬畏；惊叹 v．使敬畏；使惊叹→________ adj.很好的，了不起的
5．visible adj.看得见的→__________ adj.看不见的
6．discipline n．纪律→_________________ n．自我约束，自律
exception
exceptional
unexceptional
tragically
suspension
awesome
invisible
self-discipline
1．_________________ 习惯于(做)某事
2．______________________ 给……蒙上阴影
3．____________ 踏上，登上
4．_________ (飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)；突然大受欢迎；变得成功
5．________ 收听，收看
6．_________ 在飞机(火车、船)上
7．____________________________ 提心吊胆；心提到了嗓子眼儿
8．________ 呼唤；向……喊
be accustomed to
cast a shadow on/over
set foot on
take off
tune in
on board
one's heart in one's mouth
call to
9．__________________ 与……接触；与……联系
10．___________ 事实上，实际上
11．_________ 算出；锻炼身体
12．________________ 以……的速度
13．____________________ 有崇高的目标，雄心勃勃
14．______________ 从事于，忙于
15．_______________ 由……组成/构成
16．_____________ 回顾……
17．__________ 探求，探索
make contact with
in reality
work out
at a/an...speed
reach for the stars
be engaged in
be composed of
look back to
quest for
1．[句型公式] there is/was never any doubt that...毫无疑问……
But ____________________________ manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
there was never any doubt that
2．[句型公式] “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，_______________________________．
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
3．[句型公式] it作形式主语
Soon，________________________ the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一颗。
no matter how distant they might seem
it was understood that
4．[句型公式] the＋比较级(＋句子)，the＋比较级(＋句子)
_________ we know，__________we feel our ignorance; _________ we feel how much remains unknown.
我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有多少东西是未知的。
The more
the more
the more
读后续写材料积累——动作不同的“走”和“跑”
Ⅰ.词汇积累
stroll，mince，tiptoe，shuffle，march，stride，sneak，pace，limp，stumble，stagger，trudge，plod，dash，wander，saunter，jog，rush，bolt，dart，tear，sprint
Ⅱ.词块必记
1．sneak out of the house偷偷溜出房子
2．dart across the road窜过马路
3．go jogging every morning每天早晨慢跑
4．bolt down an alley从小巷逃走
5．dash back 冲回到……
6．pace restlessly 不安地走动
7．wander aimlessly around the streets在街上漫无目的地到处游荡
8．limp along一瘸一拐地前行
9．stagger the last few steps跌跌撞撞走了最后几步
10．plod down the muddy track 沿着泥泞小路艰难地行走
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1．He jumped up and rushed out of the living room.
他跳起来冲出客厅。
2．That man is hurt and limping.
那个男人受伤了，一瘸一拐地走着。
3．He was so drunk that he staggered all the way home.
他喝醉了，以至于一路蹒跚回家。
4．She stumbled upstairs and into bed.
她跌跌撞撞地上楼，然后上床睡觉。
5．She tiptoed to the bed so as not to wake the baby.
她蹑手蹑脚地走到床前，以免吵醒婴儿。
6．They are often found to wander around the park.
人们经常发现他们在公园里闲逛。
7．The boy sneaked in without paying.
男孩没付钱就偷偷溜进来了。
8．I must dash or I'll miss the train.
我必须猛跑，否则我会错过火车。
9．He came striding along to meet me.
他大步走上前来见我。
10．The middle-aged man goes jogging every morning.
这位中年男子每天早上都进行慢跑锻炼。(共54张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas—Reading
语篇泛读 提高阅读能力
01
教材认知
课文研读
要点精析
1．an ordinary __________ 一架普通的望远镜
2．______ his chair 把他的椅子倾斜
3．a ________________ process 一个简单的过程
4．______ water 取水
5．work the ________ 锻炼肌肉
6．freshly ground _______ 新研磨的胡椒粉
7．give a violent _______ 打一个猛烈的喷嚏
telescope
angle
straightforward
fetch
muscles
pepper
sneeze
1．visible adj.看得见的→__________ adj.看不见的
2．discipline n．纪律→_________________ n．自我约束，自律
invisible
self-discipline
1．___________ 事实上，实际上
2．_________ 计算出；锻炼
3．_________________ 以……的速度
4．______________ 从事于，忙于
5．_______________ 由……组成/构成
6．_____________ 回顾……
7．__________ 追求，探索
8．____________________ 有崇高的目标，雄心勃勃
in reality
work out
at a/an... speed
be engaged in
be composed of
look back to
quest for
reach for the stars
1．[句型公式] it作形式主语
Soon，________________________ the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一颗。
2．[句型公式] the＋比较级(＋句子)，the＋比较级(＋句子)
_________ we know，__________we feel our ignorance; _________ we feel how much remains unknown.
我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有多少东西是未知的。
it was understood that
The more
the more
the more
①source of fascination 魅力源泉
②archeological adj.考古的
③in reality 事实上，实际上
④the naked eye 肉眼
⑤investigate v．调查，研究
⑥dramatically adv.巨大地；戏剧性地
⑦telescope n．望远镜
⑧angle v．斜置
⑨galaxy n．星系
⑩the Milky Way 银河系
cosmic adj.宇宙的
launch v．发射
breathtakingly adv.惊人地
image n．形象，影像
conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
at an ever-increasing speed 以越来越快的速度
be engaged in从事于；忙于
advanced telescope 先进的望远镜
be composed of 由……组成/构成
subatomic particle 亚原子粒子
subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的
particle n．粒子
invisible adj.看不见的
construct v．建造，创建
quest for 探求，探索
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination① since the start of human history.For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological② site at Sanxingdui，were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.In reality③， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye④.And，for a long while，people were unable to understand what they could see.[1] Not knowing what the stars were，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
[1]not knowing what the stars were为动词-ing形式短语的否定形式，在句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。
[2]Our power to investigate⑤ and thus understand space changed dramatically⑥ when the first telescope⑦ was angled⑧ at the night sky，increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own，many of them even having their own moons.Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑨ we call the Milky Way⑩.Some 300 years later，we learnt that the Milky Way itself was
just one galaxy among billions of others，spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
[2]本句句子主干为our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically，主语中心词为our power，动词不定式作后置定语；when引导时间状语从句；第二个and连接并列的结果状语。
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented，the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit，giving astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances，[3]from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born，to huge black holes，and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life．Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature
of the universe，and [4]discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed ．
[3]句中的两个where引导的从句均为定语从句，分别修饰gas和planets。
[4]句中that引导同位语从句。
To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes .Currently，China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope，the FAST telescope，completed in 2016.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known，is being used in the search for dark matter，thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away，right at the edge of the visible universe.
眺望夜空的眼睛
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一颗。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
1．What is the main idea of the text
A．The night sky.
B．Development of telescopes.
C．The Hubble Space Telescope.
D．The first Earth-based telescope.
√
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．How did ancient people create a world in the sky
A．By their naked eyes.
B．By telescope.
C．By their imagination.
D．By passing from mouth to mouth.
√
2．How does the author organize the text
A．By the order of time.
B．By the order of space.
C．By giving examples.
D．By listing numbers.
√
3．Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in paragraph 4
A．To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B．To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C．To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D．To show the effort our country has made to see even further into space.
√
4．What can't we infer from the text
A．The first telescope made much difference to watching the night sky.
B．The Hubble Space Telescope came into being 400 years ago.
C．“Eyes of Heaven” has the ability to make discoveries beyond our imaginations.
D．There are still much of the universe to be explored.
√
1．in reality 事实上，实际上
(1)reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实
transform... into reality 把……变为现实
bring sb. back to reality 使某人回到现实中来；使某人面对现实
(2)escape reality 逃避现实
face reality 面对现实
virtual reality 虚拟现实
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The ________ (real) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.
②She was brought back ___ reality by the pain in her ankle.
③表面上她好像挺自信，可实际上她非常紧张。
Outwardly she seemed confident but ____________________________ _______．
reality
to
in reality she felt badly/extremely
nervous
2．angle v．斜置，斜移；以(某角度)报道，以(某观点)提供信息 n．斜角，角度；观点，立场
at an angle 成一定角度的；斜的
from a new angle 从新的角度
right angle 直角
slope angle 斜角
[即学即练] 写出下列句中angle的词性和词义/完成句子
①The photographer kept moving around to find the best angle for the picture. _______
②We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign.
_____________
③He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
_____________
④The programme is angled towards younger viewers.
____________________________________
n.角度
n.观点，立场
v.斜置，斜移
v.以(某角度)报道，以(某观点)提供信息
⑤从这个角度看自己，她意识到她多么像自己的母亲。
Seeing herself ________________，she realized how alike her mother she looked.
from this angle
3．work out 算出；理解；思考，计划；解决；锻炼身体
work on/at 从事于；致力于
at work 在工作；在运转
out of work 失业
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If you work ____ in the morning，you'll be likely to be as fresh as a daisy (雏菊) all day.
②He spent most of his time watching the fishermen ___ work.
③这个小男孩能够算出那么难的一道题，真令人难以置信。
It was beyond belief that _________________________such a difficult problem.
out
at
the little boy could work out
4．at a/an... speed 以……的速度
(1)high speed 高速
low speed 低速；慢速
full speed 全速
top speed 最高速
an average speed 平均速度
reach a speed of 达到……速度
(2)speed v. 加速
speed up 加速；使加速
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed ___！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”
②At that time he was driving ___ a speed of 80 kilometres an hour.
③那个喝醉的司机以惊人的速度逃离现场。
That drunk driver fled from the scene _______________________．
up
at
at a frightening speed
5．invisible adj.看不见的
(1)be invisible to 对……是不可见的
(2)visible adj. 看得见的，可见的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The bacteria，which is __________ (visible) to the naked eye，can be harmful to our body.
②You can see the stars on a clear night，but in the daytime they are __________ (visible)．
③我在人群中瞥见了她，但很快她就消失了。
I caught a glimpse of her in the crowd，but soon _________________．
invisible
invisible
she was invisible
6．look back to/on/at 回顾……
look forward to 期待，盼望
look into 向里看；调查
look up 查阅；抬头往上看
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look out (＝watch out) 小心，当心
look out for 注意察看，留心
look through 快速查看，浏览
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mr Garcia looks down_________ anyone who has no college education.
②My mother says she's looking forward to ________(meet) you.
③我翻阅了所有文件，但依然找不到那份合同。
I've ______________________________，but I still can't find the contract.
on/upon
meeting
looked through all my papers
重点句式1 it作形式主语
(教材P90－91)Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一颗。
[句式分析]
it was understood that意为“人们知道；人们认识到”，在此句型中it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It's said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.
据说大量来自全中国的专家的剪纸作品将被展出。
常用于这种结构的动词还有think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。
it作形式主语而that从句是真正主语的常见句式：
It is a shame/a pity/no wonder that... 令人感到羞耻的是/令人感到遗憾的是/难怪……
It is likely/surprising/interesting that... 很可能/令人吃惊的是/令人感兴趣的是……
It is said/believed/reported that... 据说/据信/据报道……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It has been announced _____ another manned space shuttle will be sent up into space next year.
②Would ___ be convenient for you to pick me up at four o'clock this afternoon
③很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
_______________ the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
that
it
It is a pity that
重点句式2 the＋比较级(＋句子)，the＋比较级(＋句子)
(教材P93)The more we know，the more we feel our ignorance; the more we feel how much remains unknown.
我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有多少东西是未知的。
[句式分析]
本句型中前面的句子相当于状语从句，后面的句子相当于主句。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前，more代表形容词或副词的比较级。
The more meaningful social activities you participate in，the more social skills you will accumulate.
你参加的有意义的社交活动越多，你积累的社交技能就会越多。
(1)“the more... ，the more... ”句型中，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
This is important because ___________________________，the better your English will become.
②你越努力用功，你取得的进步就会越大。
The harder you work，___________________________________．
the more you speak English
the greater progress you will make
③如今，越来越多的汽车在街上行驶，在这种情况下将会有越来越多的废气被排放到空气中。
______________ cars are running in the streets today，in which case ______________ waste gases will be sent into the air.
More and more
more and more
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A low-power __________ (望远镜) is enough if you only want to look at the moon.
2．There is no ________________ (简单的) equivalence between economic progress and social well-being.
3．Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of ______ ___________ (自律)．
telescope
straightforward
self-
discipline
4．Keeping your ________ (肌肉) strong and in tone helps you to avoid back problems.
5．The mirror was _______(斜置) to reflect light from a window.
6．Shannon went upstairs to ______ (拿来) some blankets.
7．Put a handkerchief over your mouth when you _______ (打喷嚏)．
8．I just bought this awesome new _____(光盘)．
9．A lot of stars are __________(看不见的) to the naked eye in the universe.
10．There's certainly too much _______ (胡椒粉) in that soup!
muscles
angled
fetch
sneeze
disc
invisible
pepper
Ⅱ.选词填空
quest for，be composed of，in reality，be engaged in，work out
1．The sea water _______________ water and salt.
2．You should not be afraid to aim high in the ________an improvement in your income.
3．___________，the people that surround you have a huge impact on your current mood.
4．We _______________ a great and most glorious cause at present，never undertaken by our forefathers.
5．The old man __________ regularly to keep fit.
is composed of
quest for
In reality
are engaged in
works out
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Not knowing 1._____ the stars were，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create 2.__ world in the sky.When the first telescope 3.___________ (angle) at the night sky，we learnt the Sun was just one star 4.______ billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.The Milky Way 5._______ (it) was just one galaxy among billions of others.Later，the Hubble Space Telescope gave us the first 6._______________ (breathtaking) beautiful images of our universe.It can work out the age and nature of the universe，and discover the universe is expanding.
what
a
was angled
among
itself
breathtakingly
Currently，China uses the FAST telescope 7.__________ (search) for dark matter and explores 8.________ (region) of space billions of light years away.The space telescopes will allow us to see further and further into space.9.______ (use) radio telescopes，we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe.However，so much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this 10.___________ (credible) journey of discovery.
to search
regions
Using
incredible(共38张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅱ Using language
语法精讲 提升语用能力
01
要点精析
词块积累
语法精讲
过关检测
1．make contact with与……接触，与……联系
have contact with 与……有联系
keep in contact/touch with 与……保持联系
lose contact/touch with 与……失去联系
get in touch with 与……取得联系
come into contact with 与……接触
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have kept ___ contact with my relatives by telephone.
②I _____ (lose) contact with my close friend several years ago.
③互联网有助于我与朋友们保持联系。
The Internet helps me to ____________________________________．
in
lost
keep in contact/touch with my friends
2．submit v．提交；呈递；顺从；屈服；不得已接受
submit to sb./sth. 屈从于……
submit oneself/sth.to sb./sth. 使……听命于……，不得已接受……
submit sth.to sb./sth. 把某物提交给……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The students must submit ___________ (they) to the disciplines at school.
②If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it ____ Smart Animals.
③他们没有向敌人屈服。
They didn't ____________________．
themselves
to
submit to the enemy
P86
1．_____________________ 开始一项任务
2．________________________ 到达目的地
3．_________________________ 在接下来的几年里
4．_________________ 以……方式终结
5．_____________ 和……相撞/冲突
6．________ 转向，走向
7．__________ 难怪
8．_______________ 向某人告别
set out on a mission
reach one's destination
over the following years
meet an/a... end
collide with
take to
no wonder
bid sb.goodbye
P87
1．____________________________ 轮流做某事
2．__________________ 与……接触；与……联系
3．____________ 数百万的，大量的
4．_________________ 与……沟通
5．______________ 此刻；当时
6．________________ 走捷径
7．________________ ……的解决办法
8．_________________________ 走直线
take it in turns to do sth.
make contact with
millions of
communicate with
at the moment
take short cuts
the solution to
travel in straight lines
P88
1．_______________________________ 使……重新引起某人的注意
2．______________________ 有机会做某事
bring... back to one's attention
have the chance to do
P89
1．_________________ 迫不及待做某事
2．____________ 报名参加
3．_________________ 提升
4．________ 去看，观看(电影等)；理解，领会，记住
5．_____________ 零重力
6．_____________ 害怕
7．_________________ 充分利用
8．_____________________ 在某人回……的路上
9．_______________ 从……开始
10．_______ 穿上；戴上；上演
can't wait to do
sign up for
give sth.a boost
take in
zero gravity
be scared of
make the most of
on one's way back to
start out with
put on
复习情态动词
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形连用，构成谓语。
二、情态动词知多少
常用的情态动词有：shall (should)，will (would)，can (could)，may (might)，must，ought to，dare，need，used to。
三、情态动词的位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。
四、情态动词的特点
1．情态动词无人称和数的变化。
2．情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形。
3．否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。
4．个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，有时过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。
五、常用情态动词的用法
1．can与could的用法
(1)表示能力(could是过去式)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn't last year.
我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
(2)can，could都可以表示现在的可能，只是后者在语气上较委婉。
Can/Could this news be true
这则消息会是真的吗？
Lightning can/could be dangerous.
闪电会有危险。
(3)表示请求和许可(could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can)。
—Can/Could I go now
—Yes，you can.
——我现在可以走了吗？
——是的，可以。
(4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示逻辑上的可能性。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
2．may与might的用法
(1)表示征询对方许可或表示允许。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn't/can't。
—May/Might I play the computer games after supper
—Yes，you may./No，you mustn't/can't.
——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？
——是的，可以。/不，不行。
(2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句和否定句。might语气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do (be)才表示过去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.
我认为明天他可能会来。
He may not be serious.
他可能是在开玩笑。
(3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed.
祝你成功。
3．must的用法
(1)表示必须，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式为mustn't (不准，禁止)。
You mustn't do that，because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。
[温馨提示] 以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答中要用must，否定回答中要用needn't/don't have to。
—Must I finish the paper today
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't/don't have to.
——今天我必须完成论文吗？
——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
(2)表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。在否定句、疑问句中要用can't代替，表示“不可能会”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的肯定推测)
That can't be the only way.
那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法。(对现在情况的否定推测)
(3)表示必然，常指根据逻辑推理必然要发生某事。
Bad seeds must bring bad crops.
劣质的种子必然导致不好的收成。
4．will与would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他们说要与雾霾作斗争。
(2)表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me
你能帮我捎个口信吗？
(3)表示习惯。will指现在，would指过去。
She will listen to music for hours.
她总是听音乐一听就是几个小时。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.
过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
[温馨提示] would与used to两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作(不表示状态)，现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。(现在可能还在那里散步)
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
(4)用于否定句，表示“不肯；不乐意”。will指现在，would指过去。
They won't lend us any more money.
他们不愿再借给我们钱了。
No matter what I said，he wouldn't listen to me.
无论我说什么，他就是不肯听我的。
5．shall与should的用法
(1)shall用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
What shall I/we do next
我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital
我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall go with me.
你跟我走。(命令)
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.
你在生日时会得到一件新裙子。(允诺)
He shall be punished.
他会受到惩罚的。(威胁)
(3)should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to；还可表示可能性或惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
Don't ask me.How should I know
别问我。我怎么会知道？
6．need和dare的用法
(1)need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You needn't go there now.
你现在不必去那儿。
Need I go there now
我现在需要去那儿吗？
[温馨提示] ①由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn't。
— Need I answer the question
— Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn't.
——我需要回答那个问题吗？
——是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。
②need作为实义动词，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。
(2)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间，我不敢在小树林里走。
How dare you talk to me like that
你竟敢那样对我说话？
[温馨提示] dare作实义动词用在否定句中，其后的不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don't dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢发出声音。
六、“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”句型
1．must have done表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can't have done代替。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
2．can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can't have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。
3．should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你应该多进行锻炼的。
4．need have done表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn't have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。
As it turned out to be a small family party，we needn't have dressed up so formally.
由于这是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。
5．may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jim says we ____ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2．You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _______ be so rude to a lady.
3．It's especially important that every piece of equipment _______ be checked before the experiment.
4．I'm sorry，but you _____ go wrong.There's no such man here.
can
should
should
must
5．Students ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation.
6．— Excuse me，do you mind if I open the window
— Well，if you _____．I can put on more clothes.
7．Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He __________________ (practise) many times last week.
8．It ________rain this afternoon.You'd better take a raincoat with you.
9．She asked the clerk if she ______ arrange the examination at about ten the next day.
10．He ______________ get up early when he lived in the country.
shall
must
must have practised
may/might
could
would/used to
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
The workers were not better organized，otherwise they ______________ _____________ the task in half the time.
2．外面肯定有无数个像我们地球一样的行星。
______________ millions and millions of planets like our Earth out there.
3．我过去常常骑车上班，但是现在我开车上班。
I____________________________，but now I go to work by car.
would have
accomplished
There must be
used to go to work by bike
4．我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在明天早晨打扫。
My room is a mess，but I _________________ before I go out tonight.I can do it tomorrow morning.
5．昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道他快要考试了。
He ______________________ TV last night，for he knew he would have a test.
needn't clean it
couldn't have watched
