Section Ⅴ
1．forehead n．额，前额
2．blank adj.无表情的，木然的
3．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
4．chairwoman n．女主席；女会长
5．potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
6．input n．投入(物)
7．phase n．阶段，时期
8．purchase v．购买
9．bonus n．奖金；红利
10．consultant n．顾问
11．conventional adj.传统的，常规的
12．equator n．赤道
13．estate n．庄园
14．superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的
15．mild adj.不浓烈的，淡的
16．calorie n.卡(路里)
17．hire v．(短期的)租用，租借
18．abuse n．滥用
19． theft n.偷窃，偷盗
20．purse n．(女式)钱包
1．enterprise n．事业心；进取心；创业精神→enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
2．distribute v．分发；分配；分销→distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
3．guide n．指南；向导；指导者 v．指引；指导→guidance n．指导，引导
4．discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视→discrimination n．区别对待，歧视
5．subjective adj.主观的→subjectively adv.主观地
6．finance n．财政；金融→financial adj.财政的，金融的；财务的
7．automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地
8．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
9．expense n．费用，花费→expensive adj.昂贵的；花钱多的→expensively adv.昂贵地
1．as to 至于，关于，就……而论
2．take a deep breath 深呼吸
3．be fond of 喜爱，爱好
4．end up 最终，结果是
5．in the hope of 怀着……的希望
6．a world away from 与……大不相同
7． be bitten by the... bug 对……产生浓厚的兴趣
8．row upon row 鳞次栉比
9．start out 开始
10．go into debt 陷入债务之中，负债
11．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
12．at rock-bottom prices 以最低价格
13．rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
14．at the expense of 以损害……为代价
15．response to 对……的回应
16．be subject to 受支配； 从属于； 常遭受……
17．take on 承担； 呈现； 雇用
18．be relevant to 与……有关
19．do a further favour 进一步保护……
1．[句型公式] 独立主格结构作状语
They stared back， their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
2．[句型公式] That is why... “那/这就是为什么……”
And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。
3．[句型公式] whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句
Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
读后续写材料积累——种种“说”“教”
Ⅰ.词汇积累
murmur，utter，stammer，stutter，howl，roar，mock，scold，snap at sb.，swallow，whisper，mumble，mutter，growl，exclaim
Ⅱ.词块必记
1．tongue-tied with anger 气得张口结舌
2．bite one's tongue隐忍不言
3．bite back one's anger按捺住怒火
4．take a bite of 咬一口
5．bite one's lip 咬着嘴唇
6．run one's tongue over one's lips用舌头舔了舔嘴唇
7．curl one's lip with disapproval不以为然地撇嘴
8．lick one's lips 舔嘴唇
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1．Reuben murmured a thank you and ran home all the way.
鲁本小声说了句谢谢你，然后一路跑回了家。
2．“How can I let you throw away the thing that means the most to you？” I pleaded with him.
“我怎么能让你扔掉对你最重要的东西？”我恳求他。
3．A young man came to the police station，surrounded by a group of journalists，declaring that he had spotted the murderer.
一个年轻人来到警察局，他被一群记者包围，他声称自己已经发现了凶手。
4．I'm getting ready to blow out all the candles and she's getting ready to help me in case I ran out of air.
我正准备吹灭所有的蜡烛，而她正准备在我接不上气时帮助我。
5．“Time to go，” I whispered to the girl，wishing she could follow me right away.
“该走了。”我对女孩耳语，希望她能马上跟我来。
6．The smile froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.
笑容僵在脸上；他张大了嘴巴。
7．He interrupted the silence with an announcement, “The deadline to enter for the competition is tomorrow.”
他打破了沉默，宣布：“比赛截止日期是明天。”
8．“I haven't finished; I need more time，” he begged.“That's what Michelangelo said，” Mr Edgar joked.
“我还没说完；我需要更多时间。”他恳求道。“这就是米开朗琪罗所说的。”埃德加先生开玩笑说。
9．She greeted James and inquired，“Are you ready for our field trip？” James didn't respond.
她向詹姆斯打招呼并询问：“你准备好参加我们的实地考察了吗？”詹姆斯没有回应。
10．“What do you think matters for a bird？” Mrs Damon questioned.
“你认为对一只鸟来说什么最重要？”达蒙夫人问道。
单元综合检测(四)
第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Many college students want to look for seasonal，short-term or part-time jobs to get extra cash，to stay busy or to get working experience.
Lifeguard
The job is a great opportunity to build your fitness，keep people safe and be outdoors to enjoy some fun on the beach in the sun.The average hourly wage for lifeguards is $9.31，but those with certifications or previous experience may be able to earn a bit more.
Nanny (保姆)
Students can find plenty of positions as parents scramble (争抢) to arrange activities and find care for their children.Students who enjoy spending time with kids，staying active and being outdoors can spend their leisure time making money without even feeling like they're working.Nannies make $14.56 per hour.
Camp Consultant
Students who enjoy spending their time with children，being a leader and monitoring fun outdoor activities are perfect for camp consultant positions.The average hourly wage for camp consultants is $9.28，but those with many years' experience or specific academic backgrounds may be able to earn more.
Food Server
Although it may not seem like the most attractive way to spend a weekend，working as wait staff allows students to build up their social skills，stay active，enjoy free meals at work and educate themselves about different cuisines.However，food servers need to be on their feet for hours at a time and must be able to multi-task like professionals，so take this into account before submitting an application.The average salary is $9.00 hourly，but trips can raise that number.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。许多大学生想找季节性的、短期的或兼职的工作，以获得额外的现金、保持忙碌或获得工作经验。文章介绍了四个适合大学生的工作。
1．Who are the two jobs nanny and camp consultant most fit for
A．Students who want to develop their social skills.
B．Students who love staying with children.
C．Students who love travelling.
D．Students who love camping.
B [细节理解题。根据Nanny部分中的“Students who enjoy spending time with kids...feeling like they're working.”和Camp Consultant部分中的“Students who enjoy spending their time with children...for camp consultant positions.”可知，喜欢和孩子待在一起的学生最适合做保姆和夏令营顾问这两份工作。故选B。]
2．What should you take into consideration before applying to be a food server
A．The way of cooking.
B．The food you can enjoy.
C．Long standing time at work.
D．Skill in getting tips from customers.
C [细节理解题。根据Food Server部分中的“However，food servers need to be on their feet for hours...before submitting an application.”可知，在申请成为一名食品服务员之前，你应该考虑需要长时间地站着工作。故选C。]
3．What job can you do if you're good at swimming
A．A lifeguard.
B．A nanny.
C．A camp consultant.
D．A food server.
A [细节理解题。根据Lifeguard部分中的“The job is a great opportunity to build your fitness，keep people safe and be outdoors to enjoy some fun on the beach in the sun.”可知，如果你擅长游泳，你可以做一名救生员。故选A。]
B
Mona Zipay was there almost from the beginning when her boss decided to become an independent insurance adjuster (理算员) in 1955.
Fifty-eight years later，she decided it was time to retire from Dorner Adjustment Co.“I love what I did，” said Zipay，83，of Whitney Point, New York.“I still do.But it's time to stay at home now.”
The secretary has helped customers through natural disasters and fires.She has lived longer than her boss John M．Dorner and remembers when women were not allowed to wear pants to work.Not only has she used manual typewriters，electric typewriters and computers，but she's also adapted to a wave of technology so she could type out reports sent to insurers.
“But what has served her well through the years has been her typing and customer service skills，” said MaryAnn Dorner，daughter-in-law of John Dorner.“She's an excellent typist，” MaryAnn Dorner said.“She's accurate and she's fast.She's professional on the phones，keeping a good temper when dealing with irate customers，” said Patrick Dorner，who now operates the company.
Dorner Adjustment Co. wasn't the only place Zipay worked.She graduated from high school in 1951，taking business courses because she knew she would not be able to afford college and didn't want to work in a factory.
John Dorner invited her to his new company in 1955 from the General Adjustment Bureau in downtown Binghamton，New York.There they had worked together until John Dorner decided to become an independent agent.
Now，Zipay wears pants but always dresses professionally.
“That was one of the things that impressed me about her，” MaryAnn Dorner said.“She's always dressed up.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mona Zipay在同一家公司工作了58年以后，在她83岁的时候决定退休的故事。
4．What did Zipay experience when she worked in Dorner Adjustment Co.
A．Her family suffered many disasters.
B．Her former boss died when she worked there.
C．She was helped by customers when she was in trouble.
D．The company required female employees to wear pants to work.
B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She has lived longer than her boss John M．Dorner”可推知，她以前的老板John M．Dorner去世了。故选B项。]
5．What is Zipay good at during her working years
A．Typing and communicating with customers.
B．Adjusting to new typewriters and new bosses.
C．Maintaining a good relationship with her boss.
D．Solving problems and dealing with emergencies.
A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what has served her well through the years has been her typing and customer service skills”可知，Zipay擅长的是打字和与客户沟通。故选A项。]
6．What does the underlined word “irate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Angry. B．Disabled.
C．Greedy. D．Selfish.
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“keeping a good temper”以及下文“customers”可推知，此处指Zipay在与愤怒的顾客打交道时能保持好脾气。画线词“irate”意为“生气的，愤怒的”。故选A项。]
7．What do we know about Zipay from the text
A．She only worked at Dorner Adjustment Co.
B．She went to college after high school.
C．She has never worn pants in her life.
D．She pays a lot of attention to her appearance.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She's always dressed up.”可推知，Zipay很注重她的外表。故选D项。]
C
Nobody likes home economics (家政学)．But restoring the program could help us in the fight against obesity and chronic (慢性的)diseases today.
The home economics movement was founded on the belief that housework and food preparation were important subjects that should be studied scientifically.The first classes occurred in the agricultural and technical colleges that were built in the 1860s.When most departments of universities rejected women，home economics was a back door into higher education.
Indeed，in the early 20th century，home economics was a serious subject.When few people understood germ (微生物)theory and almost no one had heard of vitamins，home economics classes offered vital information about washing hands regularly，eating fruit and vegetables and not feeding coffee to babies.
However，today we remember only the fixed ideas about home economics，forgetting the movement's most important lessons on healthy eating and cooking.Too many Americans simply don't know how to cook.Our diets，consisting of highly processed foods made cheaply outside the home，have contributed to many serious health problems.In the last decade，many cities and states have tried to tax junk food heavily or to ban the use of food stamps (食品券)to buy soda.Clearly，many people are doubtful about any governmental steps to promote healthy eating.But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook
My first experience with home economics happened two decades ago when I was a seventh grader in a North Carolina public school.A year later，my father's job took our family to Wales，where I attended a large school for a few months.It was the first time I had ever really cooked anything.I remember that it was fun，and with an instructor standing by，it wasn't hard.Those lessons stuck with me when I first started cooking for my husband and myself after college and they still do.Teaching cooking in public schools can help solve some problems facing Americans today.The history of home economics shows it's possible.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是家政学的历史和发展。
8．What do we know about home economics according to the passage
A．It is a subject becoming more and more popular with Americans.
B．It is often used to help fight against obesity and chronic diseases.
C．It once offered women a special approach to university education.
D．It was first taught in the agricultural and technical colleges in the early 1900s.
C [细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“When most departments of universities rejected women，home economics was a back door into higher education.”可知，家政学给了女性一个进入大学接受高等教育的机会。故选C。]
9．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A．The importance of regular hand washing.
B．The health benefits of fruit and vegetables.
C．The contents of home economics classes in the early 20th century.
D．The significance of teaching home economics in the early 20th century.
D [段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Indeed，in the early 20th century，home economics was a serious subject.When few people understood germ theory...”可知，第三段主要讲述了20世纪初家政学教学的意义。故选D。]
10．In the opinion of the author，how should we fight against childhood obesity
A．Children should be taught how to cook.
B．A heavy tax should be put on junk food.
C．Healthy eating should be promoted at school.
D．Using food stamps to buy soda should be banned.
A [细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook？”可知，在作者看来，我们应该教孩子们如何做饭来对抗儿童肥胖，故选A。]
11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Her family moved frequently in her childhood.
B．Cooking classes have a far-reaching influence on her later life.
C．To receive a better education，she went to a large school in Wales.
D．Teaching cooking is the key to solving Americans' health problems.
B [细节理解题。文章的最后一段主要讲了作者的亲身经历。从作者小时候学会做饭一直到成家后给丈夫、孩子做饭，这些经历对作者的生活产生了深远的影响。B项符合文意。故选B。]
D
Did you know there are animals in your head There are four，in fact: an elephant，a guard dog，an owl and a sooty (a black-feathered bird a bit like a seagull)．They constantly chat to each other.If one gets a bit over-excited — say，if the guard dog senses a threat and starts barking loudly — then the rest can't communicate with each other，and that's not good news.You might start to feel stressed or anxious or sad.
What the animals represent in the brain and what those parts of the brain are responsible for are the subjects of a new podcast (播客) teaching primary school-age children about their mental health and how to look after it.
The teachers of these lessons are pretty young，too: they're 12.They're pupils at Woollahra Public School in Sydney，Australia，who have been working with social company Grow Your Mind to create the podcast.
“I used to hear a lot that the kids need to be more adaptable，” says Nicole Molloy，the school's head teacher.“We don't say that they need to be able to do this math problem; we always teach them how to complete the math problem.So why shouldn't we be doing that for mental health？”
A selection of older children from years five and six are “well-being leaders” for the school and meet with Molloy once a week to talk about student well-being.That helps to keep both the older and younger children very interested in the topic.Although there's no data yet to quantify (量化) the effect this approach has had，Molloy says there are noticeable differences.Children now use the language and concepts they've learned about their mental health in everyday conversations.Teachers said that the students appear to have coped well with the stress of the pandemic，too.
Focusing on mental health doesn't harm their studies，either.In fact，Molloy argues，it improves them.“Our program proves it，” she says.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个小学高年级学生通过播客来帮助低年级学生解决心理问题的项目。
12．What do the animals in the first paragraph refer to
A．Topics for the children's biology classes.
B．Different mental situations in the children's heads.
C．Primary school students' imaginary friends.
D．Popular animals among primary school students.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，这里的animals指的是学生的不同心理状况。]
13．Who will give lessons in the podcast
A．The students' doctors.
B．The school's head teacher.
C．Older primary school students.
D．Experts from Grow Your Mind.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，这里的“老师”是小学高年级的学生。]
14．What does Nicole Molloy expect the podcast to do
A．Improve kids' performance on math tests.
B．Provide kids with a chance to show their talents.
C．Teach kids ways to deal with mental problems.
D．Allow kids to practice public speaking more.
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“we always teach them... So why shouldn't we be doing that for mental health？”可推知，Nicole Molloy旨在通过这个播客教学生处理心理问题。]
15．Which of the following can best describe the effect of the podcast
A．Desirable. B．Harmful.
C．Disappointing. D．Unnoticeable.
A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“there are noticeable differences”以及所举的例子可知，播客的效果令人满意。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. 16 If you are not in need of an immediate career change，here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects:
17 You do not have to be qualified for these positions now，nor do they have to exist in your company，but these roles should appeal to you.They are career options that look interesting.Pay close attention to what attracts you，and write it down.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine.All businesses must stay relevant to (保持联系) their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益)． 18 This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack.
Be professionally curious.Talk to people about their careers.Learn more about how success is measured in other roles，departments and companies.Expand your business knowledge through interactions with people regularly.You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search. 19
As in all things in life，getting ready early in the face of a difficult task is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. 20 No matter how secure you feel today，the time will come when either you or your employer decides it is time to change.
A．Developing the habit of making good connections benefits you.
B．Follow examples in your own workplace.
C．Changing jobs is quite normal.
D．Identify at least two different roles.
E．Reading about industry trends keeps you in touch with market conditions.
F．Choose jobs according to your strengths.
G．Job Searching under pressure often results in choosing from limited options.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章针对如何改善长期职业前景给出了一些建议。
16．G [上文说明迫切需要找工作的时候往往是最糟糕的，选项G “在压力下找工作往往导致选择有限。”承接上文，说明在压力下找工作导致选择困难。故选G项。]
17．D [下文“You do not have... options that look interesting.”说明这些职位对你有吸引力，要从中做出选择。选项D“确定至少两个不同的职位。”说明了至少要确定两个不同的职位，以供选择。故选D项。]
18．E [上文段首“Subscribe to a career specific magazine.”建议订阅特定职业杂志，选项E“阅读行业趋势能让你与市场状况保持联系。”说明阅读行业趋势的作用。选项中Reading和上文中Subscribe to语义相关。故选E项。]
19．A [上文“Expand your business knowledge through interactions... your next job search.”建议与人互动，建立人际关系，选项A“建立良好的人际关系的习惯对你有好处。”总结上文，说明建立良好的人际关系的意义。故选A项。]
20．C [下文“No matter how secure you feel today，the time will come when either you or your employer decides it is time to change.”说明说不定哪一天就有改换工作的可能，选项C“换工作很正常。”说明改换工作是很正常的事。选项中Changing和下文中change是词汇复现，语义一致。故选C项。]
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Fatima grew up in rural Gohr Province，where there was no schooling available to girls.But she insisted on listening to BBC radio，which she could 21 when high enough in the hills.
“My sisters were forced to get married.I decided that I would not continue in their 22 ．That was why I decided to 23 ，” Fatima says.
She joined online groups for history fans. 24 of people who only related Afghanistan to conflicts，Fatima started writing 25 about places that foreigners might not know about.Fatima started getting 26 from online friends.A man reached out to her saying he was going to be 27 in Afghanistan and asking whether she was interested in showing him around in Herat.She said yes.Later，he recommended her to someone else and 28 Fatima came to the attention of a travel agency.The company 29 her in late 2020，and she became her country's first female 30 tour guide.
Of course，being a 31 is never easy.Fatima says many people have told her that it's too dangerous for a woman to work，especially if it means 32 with men one-on-one.Fatima says that the 33 of her employers and the people she has met through giving tours is what keeps her 34 ．There's also the implication (暗示) of what could happen if she does 35 ：“If I give up，then other women will never start.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲的是阿富汗第一个职业女导游在儿时就不走寻常路，一心想成为阿富汗女子中走出传统观念的第一人的鼓舞人心的故事。
21．A．take up B．pick up
C．turn up D．build up
B [根据空前的“But she insisted on listening to BBC radio”可知，这里指的是她可以接收到收音机的信号。 故选B项。]
22．A．life B．choice
C．tradition D．business
C [根据第二段第一句可知，法蒂玛不想重复姐姐的老路被迫结婚，即她不想延续那样的传统。故选C项。]
23．A．work B．live
C．study D．travel
A [根据最后一段第二句内容，尤其是“for a woman to work”可知，法蒂玛不想走姐姐那样传统的老路，而是想去工作。故选A项。]
24．A．Afraid B．Convinced
C．Certain D．Tired
D [根据第三段前两句可知，法蒂玛认为人们对自己的国家有误解，想通过写东西把一些地方介绍给大家，可见她很厌烦别人总把自己国家和冲突联系在一起。故选D项。]
25．A．posts B．letters
C．novels D．speeches
A [根据第三段第一句可知，她是在网络上写帖子。故选A。]
26．A．responses B．donation
C．lessons D．guidance
A [根据上一句“Fatima started writing ________ about places that foreigners might not know about.”可知，她写的东西收到了网友们的回复。故选A项。]
27．A．teaching B．settling
C．travelling D．serving
C [根据下文的“showing him around”可以看出，这个男子应该要来阿富汗旅游。故选C项。]
28．A．similarly B．obviously
C．hopefully D．eventually
D [根据第三段后两句可知，在这位男子的推荐下她最终到了一家旅行社工作。故选D项。]
29．A．promoted B．instructed
C．hired D．trained
C [根据第三段最后一句中的“she became her country's first female________tour guide”可知，旅行社已经雇用她工作了。故选C项。]
30．A．intelligent B．devoted
C．efficient D．professional
D [根据本句“she became her country's first female ________tour guide”可知，她被旅行社雇用，是她们国家第一个职业的女导游。故选D项。]
31．A．researcher B．pioneer
C．specialist D．celebrity
B [根据第三段最后一句可知，这里应该是法蒂玛选择了第一个做女性职业导游，是阿富汗女子的先驱。故选B项。]
32．A．playing B．interacting
C．exploring D．cooperating
B [本题要结合文化背景知识，阿富汗的女子不能与陌生男子一对一的说话。故选B项。]
33．A．support B．patience
C．protection D．contribution
A [根据第三段倒数第二句“he recommended her to someone else and ________ Fatima came to the attention of a travel agency”和本句可知，法蒂玛得到了雇主和客户的支持，这让她一直处于一种被激励的状态。故选A项。]
34．A．refreshed B．recognized
C．informed D．motivated
D [参见上题解析。]
35．A．relax B．skip
C．quit D．insist
C [根据空后“If I give up，then other women will never start.”可知，前面指的是如果她真的放弃了导游机会，可能会发生什么事。故选C项。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A reporter was interviewing an astronaut.She asked him，“How have you become an astronaut and，36.________(general) speaking，what are the requirements to become an astronaut？”
The astronaut answered，“My experience as an astronaut was born thanks to the Aeronautica Militare.When I 37.________(enter) the Air Force in 1995，my project was to become a pilot of tactical aircraft.After 38.________(complete) my training at the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot training school，at Sheppard Air Force Base，Texas，I returned to Italy to be a fighter pilot.Then，I was allowed 39.________(become) an experimental pilot and I graduated from the EPNER，the French test pilot school，in Istres.In 2008，with the experimental pilot identity，I could apply 40.________a career as an ESA astronaut.There were (and there still are) two 41.________(path) to make oneself become an astronaut: a pilot method，for those who have pilot experience，and a non-pilot method for those who have a science (engineering，physics，medical，etc.) background.If you are in the pilot path，being a test pilot gives you more points in the selection (选拔) because there 42.________(be) much similarity between the pilot's work and 43.________ of the astronaut.When I applied，back in 2008，two astronauts 44.________(choose) from the pilot method and four — actually five，including one 45.________ was later added — came from the non-pilot method.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名宇航员的成长经历。
36．generally [考查固定短语。 generally speaking“一般来说”，该短语是固定短语，副词修饰动词，所以填generally。]
37．entered [考查时态。根据时间状语in 1995可知，这是在描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填entered。]
38．completing [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，介词After后用动词-ing形式作宾语，所以填completing。]
39．to become [考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb.be allowed to do sth.“某人被允许做某事”，所以填to become。]
40．for [考查介词。apply for“申请”，该短语是固定短语，所以填for。]
41．paths [考查名词复数。分析句子结构，该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有two修饰，用名词复数，所以填paths。]
42．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据“If you are in the pilot path，being a test pilot gives you more points in the selection”可知，描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，主语much similarity，在这里用作不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，所以填is。]
43．that [考查代词。这里指代前文出现的“work”，不可数名词，如果代指在前文中出现的对等的部分(不是同一个事物，只是对等)就用that。所以填that。]
44．were chosen [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2008可知，描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语“two astronauts”和谓语动词“choose”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，所以填were chosen。]
45．who [考查定语从句。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导该从句。所以填who。]
第三部分 写作
第一节
如今很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式——共享单车(bike-sharing)，它因环保、便捷而备受青睐， 但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据下表提示，以“Bike-sharing”为题写一篇英语短文， 表达自己的看法和建议。
优点 便捷， 污染少， 减缓交通压力， 锻炼身体……
问题 被丢弃， 被损毁， 被偷走……
建议 遵守规则， 爱护好……
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯；
3．文章开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
Bike-sharing
Today，as a greener means of transportation，bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities.____________________________________________
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[参考范文]
Bike-sharing
Today，as a greener means of transportation，bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities.
It has many advantages and is enjoyed by lots of people.First of all，it's very convenient for people to go somewhere.Also，it helps to reduce the traffic pressure and air pollution.Besides，it helps people take more exercise，which is helpful for people's health.However，it also brings some problems.Some people throw them away after using bikes.Even some people damage them，and some bikes are stolen.
In my opinion，everyone should follow the rules and take good care of bikes.Only in this way can we live a more convenient life.
第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1955，Andrew，an 11-year-old boy，saw a beautiful hairpin (发夹) in a shop window that set his heart racing.But the price，five dollars，was too high for him.Five dollars would buy almost a week's food for his family.
Andrew couldn't ask his father for the money.Everything his father made through fishing went to his mother，Sally.Slim and beautiful，she was the center of the home，the glue that held it together.The housework was never ending，and she struggled to feed and clothe their five children but she was happy as her family and their well-being were all she cared about.
Nevertheless，he opened the shop's old door and went inside.Standing proud and straight in his yellowed shirt and washed-out trousers，he told the shopkeeper what he wanted，adding，“But I don't have the money right now.Can you please hold it for me for some time？”
“I'll try，” the shopkeeper smiled.“People around here don't usually have that kind of money to spend on things.It should keep for a while.”
Andrew touched his worn cap and walked out.He would raise the money and not tell anybody，for he thought Mom would get surprised when she saw that hairpin.On hearing the sound of hammering from a side street，Andrew suddenly had an idea that he could raise money by selling the used nail bags.People built their own homes in Bay Roberts，using nails bought in bags from a local factory.Sometimes the used bags were thrown away at the construction site，and Andrew knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece.
That day he sold two nail bags and hid the money in a cola box.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Every day after school，Andrew started his plan._________________________
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Finally，the time came！____________________________________________
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[参考范文]
Every day after school，Andrew started his plan.Cold and hungry，Andrew wandered the streets，searching for the nail bags carefully.To save more money，he even decided to deliver papers in the early morning.Exhausted and tired as he felt，he still stuck to the plan.It was the hairpin in the shop window that reminded him that what he did was worthwhile.After a long time of hard work，he made it eventually.
Finally，the time came！He took out the cola box，poured the coins out and began to count.Five dollars! His hard work paid off! Holding the cola box firmly，Andrew rushed for the shop to buy the hairpin.The moment he got the beautiful hairpin，he burst through the front door and placed it in Sally's hand.Never had Sally received such a gift.Speechless and happy，she held her son tightly into her arms，with tears welling up in her eyes.Section Ⅳ Developing ideas—Writing
写一篇关于非现金支付的文章
本单元的写作项目是写一篇关于“非现金支付”的文章，属于正反观点式议论文。正反观点式议论文是对某个论述话题提出两种对立的见解或主张并说明理由使读者信服的文章。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来确定其观点的正误，支持或否定某种主张，从而达到让读者信服或接受其观点或看法的目的。
[写作要点]
1．基本结构
正反观点式议论文写作一般分三部分：
第一部分：交代背景和引入讨论话题；
第二部分：列举正方及反方观点(论点)及其理由(论据)；
第三部分：得出结论或给出自己的观点。
2．注意事项
(1)文体：属于议论文，要注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性；
(2)时态：通常情况下，用现在完成时和一般现在时；
(3)人称：以第三人称为主，表达自己的观点时用第一人称。
[常用表达]
(一)开头部分常用表达
1．As for non-cash payments，different people have different opinions.
对于“非现金支付”，不同的人有不同的观点。
2．We had a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages about non-cash payments and our opinions are as follows.
我们对“非现金支付”的优缺点进行了讨论，我们的观点如下。
3．With the development of economy，non-cash payments have been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
随着经济的发展，“非现金支付”在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
(二)主体部分常用表达
1．70% of the people(who were) surveyed are satisfied with the non-cash payments./ Those who are satisfied with the non-cash payments account for 70% of the people surveyed.
在调查中有70%的人对“非现金支付”满意。
2．There are some people who think that cash payments are safer than non-cash payments./There are some people thinking that cash payments are safer than non-cash payments.
有些人认为现金支付比“非现金支付”更安全。
3．The advantages of non-cash payments are obvious./It is obvious that non-cash payments have advantages.
“非现金支付”的优势很明显。
4．The payment can be completed immediately so that we won't have to wait long in line.
付款可以立即完成，这样我们就不用排很长的队等待了。
5．However，every coin has two sides and its disadvantages are also obvious.
然而，任何事物都有两面性，它的缺点也是显而易见的。
(三)结尾部分常用表达
1．As far as I am concerned，I am in favor of the first view./Personally，I am for the first view./As for me，I am in favor of the first view.
就我个人而言，我支持第一种观点。
2．I believe with the development of non-cash payments，our lives will be more convenient.
我相信随着“非现金支付”的发展，我们的生活将会更加便利。
3．Perhaps with the improvement of... ，non-cash payments may be safer and more popular in the near future.
也许随着……的改善，在不久的将来，非现金支付可能会更安全、更受欢迎。
4．Non-cash payments have greatly changed people's lives in China.
在中国，“非现金支付”极大地改变了人们的生活。
现在，越来越多的人都爱使用“非现金支付”。请你以“非现金支付的好处”为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
参考词汇：二维码QR code
The Advantages of Non-cash Payments
It's generally believed that China is the largest non-cash payments market globally._____________________________________________________________
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[审题构思]
第一段：自己和身边的人在日常生活中使用“非现金支付”的情况；
第二段：“非现金支付”带来的好处；
第三段：发表个人观点。
[遣词造句]
1．我们大多数人习惯了扫描二维码来支付我们买的任何东西，比如书和衣服。
Most of us are used to scanning QR codes to pay for whatever we purchase—such as books and clothes.
2．它因方便而赢得了消费者的支持。
It has won the support of consumers for its convenience.
3．随着“非现金支付”的广泛使用，我们根本不需要带钱包或现金。
With the widespread use of non-cash payments，we don't need to carry a purse or cash at all.
4．我们永远不会担心得到假钞或不得不数零钱。
We will never worry about getting fake notes or having to count our change.
5．另一个优势是，如果你使用“非现金支付”，通常会有折扣，因为主要的在线支付平台都在竞争，以吸引更多的消费者。
Another advantage is that there are often discounts if you make non-cash payments, as major online payment platforms are competing to attract more consumers．
6．在中国，“非现金支付”极大地改变了人们的生活。
Non-cash payments have greatly changed people's lives in China.
7．我个人认为应该鼓励“非现金支付”。
Personally，I think non-cash payments should be encouraged．
[句式升级]
用倒装句改写句4
Never will we worry about getting fake notes or having to count our change.
[连句成篇]
The Advantages of Non-cash Payments
It's generally believed that China is the largest non-cash payments market globally._____________________________________________________________
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[参考范文]
The Advantages of Non-cash Payments
It's generally believed that China is the largest non-cash payments market globally.Most of us are used to scanning QR codes to pay for whatever we purchase—such as books and clothes. The advantages of non-cash payments are obvious.
Firstly, it has won the support of consumers for its convenience. With the widespread use of non-cash payments, we don't need to carry a purse or cash at all.Secondly, never will we worry about getting fake notes or having to count our change.Another advantage is that there are often discounts if you make non-cash payments, as major online payment platforms are competing to attract more consumers.
Non-cash payments have greatly changed people's lives in China.Personally, I think non-cash payments should be encouraged.
课时分层作业(十二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast-food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden.Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了学校菜园项目Urban Sprouts的启动背景、目的、内容和意义。
1．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker.
B．She grew up in a low-income family.
C．She owns a fast-food restaurant.
D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts”可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人。故D项正确。]
2．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her.
B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work.
D．There was no space for school gardens.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The kids...come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful，insects are awful”和“some are initially...turned off by the dirt”可知，这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题是她的一些学生不喜欢干菜园的活儿。故C项正确。]
3．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far-reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short-lived. D．Unidentifiable.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这个学校的菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养，而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生有成就感。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。]
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens
B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers
D．Changing Local Landscape
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起的Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。]
B
Being an information technology，or IT，worker is not a job I envy.They are the ones who，right in the middle of a critical meeting，are expected to instantly fix the projector that's no longer working.They have to tolerate the bad tempers of colleagues frustrated at the number of times they've had to call the help desk for the same issue.They are also the ones who know there are systems that are more powerful，reliable and faster，but their employer simply will not put up the funds to buy them.
According to a recent survey，employees who have a job dependent on IT support consider IT a major source of job dissatisfaction.Though no fault of their own，they can suddenly find their productivity getting worse or quality control non-existent.And there's little they can do about it.
The experience of using IT exists almost the entire work field.It has become a critical part of employees' overall work experience.When IT is operating as it should，employee self-confidence swells.Their job satisfaction，too，can surge when well-functioning machines relieve them of dull tasks or repetitive processes.But if there's one thing that causes widespread employee frustration，it's an IT transformation project gone wrong，where swollen expectations have been popped and a long list of promised efficiencies have been reversed.This occurs when business leaders implement IT initiatives with little consideration of how those changes will impact the end user，which is why managers should appreciate just how influential the IT user experience is to their employees，and make substantial effort in ensuring their IT team eliminates programming errors and application crashes.Adequate and timely IT support should also be available to enable users to cope with technological issues at work.More importantly，IT practitioners need to understand what employees experience mentally when they use IT.
Therefore，businesses need to set up their IT infrastructure so that it is designed to fit in with their employees' work，rather than adjust their work to fit in with the company's IT limitations.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了信息技术工作的重要性以及对员工所产生的影响，最后作者指出企业需要建立其IT基础设施，使其设计成适合员工的工作，而不是调整他们的工作以适应公司的IT限制。
5．What does the author think of working in IT
A．It is beyond his abilities.
B．It brings in much money.
C．It does not attract him.
D．It is a respectable job.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，作者认为IT工作不吸引他。故选C。]
6．What is said to happen when IT is functioning properly
A．Employees become more confident in their work.
B．There are no longer any boring or repetitive tasks.
C．Employees become more dependent on machines.
D．There is a big boost in employees' work efficiency.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When IT is operating as it should，employee self-confidence swells.”可知，当IT正常工作时，员工在工作中变得更加自信。故选A。]
7．What should business leaders do before carrying out new IT initiatives
A．Draw up a list of the efficiencies to be promised.
B．Assess the swollen cost of training the employees.
C．Think about the possible effects on their employees.
D．Consider the various expectations of their customers.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This occurs when business... application crashes.”可知，在实施新的IT计划之前，业务领导应该考虑对员工可能产生的影响。故选C。]
8．How can a business help improve its employees' experience in using IT
A．By adjusting their work to suit the IT system.
B．By ensuring that their mental health is sound.
C．By offering them regular in-service training.
D．By designing systems that suit their needs.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Adequate and timely IT... when they use IT.”以及最后一段内容可知，企业通过设计适合他们需要的系统帮助提高员工使用IT的体验。故选D。]
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.说明问题；
2.提出建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.____________________________________________
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us.But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice, I feel an urge to express my different voice, hoping that this wouldn't offend you.
To begin with, it couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice. Additionally, to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly, I suggest that you put three to four students together, with one as the group leader, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth.
Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li HuaSection Ⅱ Using language
1．discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视；偏袒
(1)discriminate against 歧视，偏袒
discriminate between... and... 区分/辨别……和……
discriminate... from... 将……与……区别开
(2)discrimination n. 区别对待，歧视，偏袒
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Under federal law，it is illegal to discriminate against minorities and women.
②There should be no discrimination (discriminate)on the grounds of colour.
③新生儿能辨别男人和女人的声音。
Newborn babies can discriminate between a man's and a woman's voice．
2．superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的；高级的 n．上级；优胜者
(1)superior in 在……方面优越
superior to 比……优越；比……好
(2)superiority n. 优越(性)，优势；优越感
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We have a relationship superior to those of many of our friends.
②Driving the car gave him a feeling of total control，effortless superiority (superior)．
③我们必须明白敌军在数量上占优势。
We must be clear that the enemy forces are superior in numbers.
[温馨提示] superior表示“较好的，更好的”，因该词本身已含有比较意味，前不能用more；另外，在两者做比较时，不能与than连用，要与介词to连用。与其用法相似的词还有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。
3．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
come to an end 结束
(使)结束；终结
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①At last the meeting came to an end.
②It's hoped that the talks may bring an end to the violence.
③物价每天都在上涨，很难做到收支相抵。
The prices are going up day by day.It's hard to make ends meet．
4．go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
be in debt 欠债
get/run into debt 负债
be out of debt 不欠债
pay off one's debts 偿清某人的债务
be in one's debt/in the debt to sb. 欠某人的情，对某人感激不尽
put sb.in debt 使某人负债
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You have been so kind to us that we shall always feel we are deeply in your debt.
②I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.
③自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你负债。
Starting your own business could be a way of achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just put you in debt．
P54
1．less developed areas 欠发达地区
2．the conventional trading system 传统贸易体系
3．have no problem doing sth. 做某事没问题/没困难
4．discriminate against 歧视……
5．less than one calorie per cup 每杯热量少于一卡路里
P55
1．rely on 依靠，依赖
2．with the development of information technology and data analysis 随着信息技术和数据分析的发展
3．objective credit rating methods 客观的信用评级方法
4．credit card payment 信用卡支付
5．loan payment 贷款支付
6．book a hotel 预定旅馆
7．the benefits of a social credit system 社会信用体系的好处
8．a bad social credit record 不良社会信用记录
9．on time 按时
10．without delay 毫不拖延；立即
11．the shared bicycles 共享单车
12．as a reward 作为奖励
13．pay a deposit 付押金
14．check in 登记入住
15．enable sb.to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
16．at a lower cost 以较低的成本
17．be prohibited from doing sth. 被禁止做某事
18．contribute to 对……有所贡献
P56
1．an encouragement to 对……的鼓励
2．finance management tips for freshmen 新手理财小贴士
3．on one's own 独立地
4．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
5．meet one's needs 满足某人的要求
6．accounts with free online banking services 提供免费网上银行服务的账户
7．build credit 建立信用
8．open a credit card account 开通信用卡账户
9．annual fees 年费
P57
1．receive interest on your savings 从你的储蓄中获得利息
2．make extra money 赚外快
3．keep sth.in mind 牢记……
4．interfere with 妨碍，阻止
5．pay any tax as required by law 依法缴税
6．exceed the agreed credit limit 超过约定的信用额度
7．go into debt 陷入债务之中，负债
8．be out of debt 还清债务，不欠债
9．financial difficulty 财务困难
10．accumulate the quality of being creditworthy 积累信用可靠的品质
11．the maximum amount of money 最大金额的钱
复习定语从句
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
[观察例句]
1．This is the place which is worth visiting.
2．Those who expect the worst are less likely to be disappointed.
3．His favorite hobbies are swimming and gardening，which have become a necessary part of his life.
4．My father was easily cheated，which surprised me.
5．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
6．We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.
[归纳用法]
1．引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，why)和介词＋关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句(如例1、例2、例5) 和非限制性定语从句(如例3、例4、例6)。
3．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系十分密切，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。
4．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。该从句与主句的关系不是很密切，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用why引导，一般不用that引导；关系代/副词均不可省略。
5．定语从句的先行词可以是一个词(如例2、例6)、几个词(如例1、例3、例5)或整个句子(如例4)。
二、“(名词/代词/形容词最高级＋)介词＋关系代词(＋名词)”引导的定语从句
[观察例句]
1．I hate the way in which she always criticises me.
2．In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
3．We first attended the opening parade，for which our class had made a lot of preparations.
4．He is telling a story of Lei Feng，of whom every one of us is proud.
5．Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
6．He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.
7．Lily might possibly come，in which case I'll ask her.
8．There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.
[归纳用法]
1．介词后的关系代词只用which或whom。
2．介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯(如例 1 中的in the way )；(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分(如例 2 中的turn to，例4 中的 is proud of )；(3)句子意思表达的需要(如例 3 )。
3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”可用“whose＋名词”替换(如例 5 中 可换为whose price)。
4．“形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句(如例 6 )。另外，“数词/some，many，most，each等不定代词＋of＋关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。
5．有时为了表达清楚，用“介词＋关系副词”引导定语从句(如例 8)。
6．“介词＋关系代词＋名词”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的需要(如例 7)。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.
2．William Hastie once said that history informed us of past mistakes from which we could learn without repeating them.
3．In spring，a season when we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
4．Is this the reason why he was late for the meeting
5．Dr Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
6．She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden.
7．The road conditions there turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
8．The most beautiful place that I have ever been to is Jiuzhaigou.
9．As many of you are old enough to remember，the Beatles came from Liverpool.
10．Can you think out a situation where this word can be used
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.
2．刚才站在我们会议室前面的那个女人是我的母亲。
The woman who stood in front of our meeting room just now is my mother.
3．那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。
The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard.
4．这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.
5．我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽村庄度过的那些日子。
We will never forget the days when we stayed in that beautiful village．核心单词 forehead，blank，dizzy，chairwoman，potential，enterprising，input，phase，purchase，distribution，bonus，guidance，consultant，conventional，discriminate，equator，estate，superior，mild，calorie，subjective，financial，automatically，sorrow，hire，expense，abuse，theft，purse
重点短语 as to，take a deep breath，be fond of，end up，in the hope of，a world away from，be bitten by the ... bug，row upon row，start out，go into debt，rent out，make ends meet，be relevant to，take on，do a further favour，at the expense of，response to，at rock-bottom prices，be subject to
重点句型 1.独立主格结构作状语 2.That is why ...“那/这就是为什么……” 3.whether... or...引导的让步状语从句
单元语法 复习定语从句
主题写作 写一篇关于非现金支付的文章
Section Ⅰ Understanding ideas
1．run down her forehead 顺着她的额头往下流
2．their blank faces 他们木然的表情
3．feeling dizzy 感到眩晕
4．chairwoman of her own company 她自己公司的董事长
5．realise their full potential 充分发挥他们的潜力
6．the all-important input非常重要的投入
7．the initial phase 初始阶段
8．purchase cosmetics 购买化妆品
9．a decent bonus 一笔可观的奖金
10．an expert consultant 一位专家顾问
1．enterprise n．事业心；进取心；创业精神→enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
2．distribute v．分发；分配；分销→distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
3．guide n．指南；向导；指导者 v．指引；指导→guidance n．指导，引导
1．as to 至于，关于，就……而论
2．take a deep breath 深呼吸
3．be fond of 喜爱，爱好
4．end up 最终，结果是
5．in the hope of 怀着……的希望
6．a world away from 与……大不相同
7． be bitten by the... bug 对……产生浓厚的兴趣
8．row upon row 鳞次栉比
9．start out 开始
1．[句型公式] 独立主格结构作状语
They stared back， their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
2．[句型公式] That is why...“那/这就是为什么……”
And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。
①blank adj.无表情的，木然的
②clue n．线索，迹象
③take a deep breath深呼吸
④struggle to do sth.努力做某事
⑤presentation n．介绍，陈述，展示
⑥be fond of喜爱，爱好
⑦row upon row鳞次栉比
⑧delicate adj.娇嫩的；脆弱的；精美的
⑨end up最终，结果是
⑩potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
condition n．条件
ideal adj.理想的
raise v．抚养；养育
bug n．突然的兴趣，热衷，着迷
be bitten by the... bug对……产生浓厚的兴趣
enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
present one's idea提出某人的想法
in the hope of怀着……的希望
devotion n．奉献
rejection n．拒绝
input n．投入(物)
obstacle n．障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase n．阶段，时期
the initial phase初始阶段
purchase v．购买
distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
bonus n．奖金；红利
a decent bonus一笔可观的奖金
mixed feelings复杂的感情
guidance n．指导，引导
consultant n．顾问
rush into things仓促行事
more than不仅仅
sound adj.合理的，正确的
access to capital融资渠道
negotiating skills谈判技巧
Business Blossoms
As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.They stared back，their blank① faces giving no clue② as to what they would say next.[1] Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath③ as she struggled to finish④ her presentation⑤， “And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”
[1]此处为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
Now chairwoman of her own company，Zhang Yue is fond of⑥ saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” The place where this happens is a valley，a world away from any television studio.Moving carefully through the darkness，she passes row upon row⑦ of rose plants.In an hour，these fields will be full of people，working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise.“It has to be done then，” says Zhang.“These flowers are delicate⑧.”
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up⑨ doing.Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little attention.[2] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential⑩.“Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
[2]本句为强调句，强调的句子成分为时间状语。
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，” she said.“But I also wanted to give something back to my home town.As people say，‘It takes a village to raiseB13 a child.’”
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug .All over the world，an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses，as the growing economy creates more opportunities.Like Zhang，they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice，and they have the same passion and devotion .The majority meet with rejection .A few，like Zhang Yue，find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one，with many challenges along the way.
As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants.However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out，she still had a lot to learn.She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.“The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me，which was totally outside my experience.Few in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers，” says Zhang.“After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution .It was only then that the locals began to believe me.Now my product is one of the best in Asia.This year，I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus .”
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence，Zhang has mixed feelings .
[3] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things .
[3]本句为主从复合句。though引导让步状语从句；advises后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气。
“I love running my own business，but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang.“To succeed in business，you need more than a good idea，hard work and determination.[4] What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital ， and good management and negotiating skills . Most of all，don't be too ambitious.You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with.For young people who have little life experience，that can be a challenge.”
[4]本句中what引导主语从句；整个句子为“主系表”结构。
创业之花
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水，这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
张悦现在是自己公司的董事长，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个完全不同于任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这里，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采。”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。”
张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。她从小到大，身边到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”她说，“这里适合玫瑰自然生长。”
因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验自己当老板的自由。”她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说：‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。’”
她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议。而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数会遭到拒绝，但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经比较了解作物种植。不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验范围。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。”
看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
“我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。”张悦说，“要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划、获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说，这可能是个挑战。”
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．Zhang Yue's entrepreneurial experience.
B．The interview with Zhang Yue.
C．The development of rose cause.
D．Entrepreneurship and challenges.
[答案] A
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following words can best describe Zhang's home town according to the text
A．A valley，far from any television studio.
B．The ideal place to grow roses.
C．Full of enterprising young people.
D．Few people believing her at last.
2．What did Zhang Yue want to do according to her words “It takes a village to raise a child.”？
A．She wanted to raise a child in the village.
B．She wanted to contribute to the village.
C．She wanted to start a family in this village.
D．She was brought up by the whole village.
3．What was the people's attitude to Zhang's business initially
A．Active. B．Favorable.
C．Doubted. D．Disapproving.
4．For young entrepreneurs，Zhang Yue gave some advice EXCEPT ________．
A．needing hard work
B．knowing your own limits
C．being too ambitious
D．being realistic
[答案] 1～4 BBCC
1．细读课文并找出通过描写人物动作表达情绪的句子
(1)As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.
(2)Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation...
2．细读课文并找出给出建议的句子
To succeed in business，you need more than a good idea，hard work and determination.What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital，and good management and negotiating skills.Most of all，don't be too ambitious.
1．take a deep breath深呼吸
(1)breath n. 呼吸；一次吸入的空气
hold one's breath 闭气；屏气
out of breath 喘不上气；透不过气来
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
(2)breathe v. 呼吸
breathe in 吸气；吸入(气体)
breathe out 呼气；呼出(气体)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Shaun took a deep breath and dived into the water.
②教练告诉我们先深吸气，然后慢慢呼气。
The instructor told us to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly.
③朱莉缩了回去，靠在墙上，屏住了呼吸。
Julie shrank back against the wall and held her breath．
2．blank adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的 n．空白处
(1)blank expression/look/face 茫然的表情/面孔
blank form/page/check 空白表格/页/支票
(2)go blank 屏幕(或脑子突然)一片空白
fill in/out the blank 填空
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Fill in/out the blank with a proper preposition in the box.
②Jim was watching a late night film at home when the television went (go) blank.
③教授从玛利亚茫然的眼神中可以看出，她听不懂他讲的任何一个字。
The professor could tell by the blank look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
3．as to至于，关于，就……而论
表示“关于，至于”的短语：
as for (sb./sth.)/to (sth.)
as regards (sb./sth.)
in/with regard to (sb./sth.)
in respect of (sth.)
with respect to (sth.)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With regard to the party on 1 July，I shall be pleased to attend.
②Parents often have little choice with respect to the way their child is medically treated.
③至于账单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。
As for the bill，sir，please forget it.(as for)
4．end up 最终，结果是
end... with... 以(……)而结束
end up in... 结果到了……的地步
end up doing sth. 结果做了某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her note ended with the words，“See you soon.”
②If you continue to steal，you'll end up in prison.
③大多数减肥者最后体重又反弹了。
Most slimmers end up putting weight back on．
5．potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的
(1)have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
the potential for (doing) sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力
(2)potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
(3)potentially adv. 潜在地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
②Potentially (potential)，this could damage the reputation of the whole industry.
③你具有达到事业顶峰的潜能。
You have the potential to reach the top of your profession.
6．purchase v．购买 n．购买；购买的东西
(1)purchase sth.for sb. 为某人购买某物
purchase sth.for＋钱数 买某物花多少钱
purchase sth.from... 从……购买某物
(2)the purchase of 对……的购买
(3)purchaser n. 购买人；采购员；买主
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Among his purchases (purchase)were several tins of beans.
②With the Spring Festival approaching，train tickets must be purchased (purchase)two weeks in advance.
③He paid ￥ 200，000 for his new car.
→He purchased his new car for ￥ 200，000.
7．distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销；分配；分布；分发
(1)distribute v. 分销；分配；分布；分发
distribute sth. to 给……分发某物
(2)distributor n. 经销商，分销商
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Who is in charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to areas in need
②The company is the largest software distributor(distribute) in the country.
③出版商们将安排把书分销到全国各个重要的城市去。
The printers will arrange to distribute the books to every important city in the country.
8．guidance n．指导，引导
(1)under sb.'s guidance(＝under the guidance of sb.)
在某人的指导下
(2)guide vt. 引路；指导
n. 指南；手册；向导
guide sb. to... 引导某人到……(to为介词)
guide sb. in doing... 引导某人做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
① Under his guidance，I managed to overcome the obstacle.
②It was she that guided the blind man to the street.
③它将指导你从工作区获得必要的资源。
It will guide you in getting the necessary resources from your workspace.
重点句式1 独立主格结构作状语
(教材P50)They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
[句式分析]
本句中 their blank faces giving no clue 为“逻辑主语＋动词-ing形式”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。
I stood there，legs trembling and sweat falling off my forehead.
我站在那里，双腿颤抖，汗水从我的额头滑落。
该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构是：
(1)名词/代词＋名词
(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词＋动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His friends to come (come)tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
②The girl bent down her head，eyes filled (fill) with tears.
③这个学生专心地听着，他的眼睛盯着黑板。
The student listened attentively，his eyes fixed on the blackboard．
重点句式2 That is why... “那/这就是为什么……”
(教材P50)And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。
[句式分析]
That/This/It is why... 表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why 引导表语从句。
He got stuck in the traffic and that's why he was late.
他被堵在路上了，这就是他迟到的原因。
It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……
The reason why... is/was that...……的原因是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
②The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
③那就是为什么鱼类更喜欢浅水而不喜欢深水，因为前者更温暖些。
That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．First we need to identify actual and potential (潜在的) problems.
2．There has been a big input (投入) of resources into the project from industry.
3．I encourage some readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase (购买) a book.
4．The wedding marked the beginning of a new phase(阶段) in her life.
5．If you tell a woman a joke and get a blank (无表情的) look，don't immediately despair.
6．He felt sick and dizzy (头晕目眩的) and then passed out.
7．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead (前额)because the air conditioning broke down.
8．One should always be enterprising (有进取心的)，trying to do something more than what he is doing.
9．In addition to his salary，he has a bonus (奖金) of 300 yuan per month.
10．My consultant (顾问) helped me dig deep into my experience and find my story.
Ⅱ.选词填空
as to，be fond of，start out，end up，in the hope of
1．He is fond of playing the piano while his brother is interested in listening to music.
2．The young man was in a puzzle as to how to keep a balance between work and play.
3．He was studying in the hope of being admitted to an engineering college.
4．She started out on her legal career in 2003.
5．Last Thursday，I had intended to kill time in the gym，but ended up doing online shopping.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我们的父母和老师是我们最该感恩的人。
It is our parents and teachers that/who we should be most grateful to.
2．这个男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
The boy lay on the grass，his eyes looking at the sky．
3．我读了你对学校英语报的改革方案，这就是我写信发表我的观点的原因。
I read about your reform of the school English newspaper，and that's why I'm writing to voice my opinion.
4．面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能在学业上全神贯注。
Faced with these difficulties，many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.
5．这就是我所感兴趣的。
This is what I am interested in．
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Zhang Yue is the chairwoman of her own company, 1.which grows roses in a village.She never thought she would end 2.up growing roses.Her decision to return to her home town and grow roses 3.surprised (surprise) many people after 4.graduating (graduate) from university overseas.Although her road to success is a long and difficult one with many 5.challenges (challenge)，she has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.6.The product of her company is one of the 7.best (good) in Asia.For the young people who want 8.to succeed (succeed) in business，she 9.advised (advise) them to make full preparations besides a good idea，hard work and 10.determination (determine)．
课时分层作业(十)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Curious and enterprising (enterprise)，Dunne is a natural journalist.
2．A local merchant donated hams and groceries which were purchased (purchase) from the food bank.
3．Amazon's focus has always been on the product and the customer，by improving distribution (distribute) and choice.
4．He is calling to ask me for some guidance (guide) on his scheduled tour to China this summer holiday.
5．We plan to talk to the consultant (consult) about our health programme.
6．There are two chairwomen (chairwoman) present at the meeting.
7．It is said that a row has broken out over bankers' bonuses (bonus)．
8．There are four common life phases (phase)：childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.
9．She could see row upon row of people waiting to be served in the restaurant.
10．Many household products are potentially (potential) harmful，so we should be careful with them.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A house is the most expensive thing most people will buy.Very few people have enough money of their own to buy a house，so they have to borrow money from a bank.Borrowing money from a bank to buy a house is called “take a mortgage (抵押)”．The bank usually lends money or gives a mortgage for twenty-five years.Houses are so expensive that many people nowadays have to borrow as much as $50，000.In other words，they will have a $50，000 mortgage.
How can you get a mortgage When you find a house you like，you go to a bank.The bank will research your financial history and decide if they think you are a good risk.They will want to know what kind of job you have，what kind of salary you make，and how long you have had the job.They will also want to know how much money you have.In addition，the bank will require a down payment．Depending on which state you live in，the bank may require as much as 30% of the price of the house as a down payment.The bank will then lend you the rest of the money to buy the house.Many people are never able to buy a house because they cannot save enough money for the down payment.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们想要买房但钱不够时如何向银行抵押贷款。
1．What does a house mean in the United States
A．It is a dream which many people can hardly realize.
B．It is so expensive that many people cannot really buy it.
C．It is the most important property that many people try to buy.
D．It doesn't belong to people if they can't borrow money from the bank.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A house is the most expensive thing most people will buy.Very few people have enough money of their own to buy a house，so they have to borrow money from a bank.”可知，房子是大多数人会买的最贵的东西。很少有人有足够的钱自己买房子，所以他们不得不向银行借钱。由此可推知，在美国房子是许多人试图购买的最重要的财产。故选C。]
2．What does the underlined phrase “down payment” refer to in the passage
A．Money borrowed from a bank as a mortgage.
B．Money paid to a bank before the mortgage is given.
C．Interest charged by a bank on a mortgage.
D．Interest received by a person who borrows money as the mortgage.
B [词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，“down payment”是取得贷款之前自己支付的那部分，即首付款，与B选项“抵押贷款发放前付给银行的钱”意思相近。故选B。]
3．Which is the best title for the passage
A．How to Save Money on the House
B．How to Borrow Money from a Bank
C．How to Take a Mortgage
D．How to Buy a House
C [标题归纳题。纵观全文，尤其根据第一段第三句“Borrowing money from a bank to buy a house is called ‘take a mortgage’．”可知，本文主要介绍了人们想要买房但钱不够时如何向银行抵押贷款。由此可知，C项“如何抵押贷款”概括了本文的核心内容，适合作标题。故选C。]
B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者)，who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing，she was offered a candy bar.However，her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.So she desired to get round the warning，“Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it？” With that in mind，Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission，she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards，she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner，who finally agreed to sell Moore's product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success grows，so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur.Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created，and she's also positive about what the future might bring.She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile，with her parents' help，Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although she founded her company early on in life，she wasn't driven primarily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles.With her talent and determination，it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。女孩Alice Moore在2015年创办了自己的糖果公司，生产对儿童牙齿有保护作用的糖果。她不仅有经商才能，而且有爱心，向Big Smiles组织捐了款，愿意给他人带来笑容。
4．How did Moore react to her dad's warning
A．She argued with him.
B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention.
D．She chose to consult dentists.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段可知她询问父亲是否可以开办一家自己的糖果公司，可知她在想办法解决，故选B。]
5．What is special about CanCandy
A．It is beneficial to dental health.
B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies.
D．It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can reduce oral bacteria.”可知，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作了一种糖果，可以减少口腔细菌。故选A。]
6．What does Moore expect from her business
A．To earn more money.
B．To help others find smiles.
C．To make herself stand out.
D．To beat other candy companies.
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.”可知，她想要帮助别人找到笑容，故选B。]
7．What can we learn from Alice Moore's story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
C [推理判断题。本文叙述了女孩Alice Moore在遇到问题的时候，积极地思考并寻找解决办法，付诸行动，最后成功，故选C。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Choosing the right career can be hard.Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives，and get a job without really thinking about it.For some，things work out fine. 1 ．Your working life lasts an average of forty years，so it's important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.Luckily，there are many ways you can get help to do this.
The Australian website，www.，compares choosing a career with going to the movies.Before you see a movie，you find out what films are showing. 2 —find out what jobs are available and what your options are.Next，decide which movie you like best; if you're not a romantic person，you won't want to see a love story.In other words，with your career，you should decide which job will suit your personality. 3 .Meanwhile，you should find out where the theater is before you go.With your career，you need to find information about where you can work，how much you will earn，and how to get a job in that profession.
So，how do you start Begin by asking yourself some questions. 4 ：Have you travelled overseas Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree，such as a first aid license Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do.A person，for example，who is allergic to cats would probably never become a veterinarian.Flight attendants，firefighters，and police officers have to be over a certain height，and be physically fit. 5 ．Are you outgoing and extroverted，or shy and introverted If you like working alone，a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.
A．Your personality matters，too
B．Finally，decide how to get movie tickets
C．The site suggests you do the same with your career
D．Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought
E．Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences
F．But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate
G．When you know you can work in your dream job，you'll be glad
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。针对现在很多人找不到合适工作的现象，作者推荐了一些有帮助的方法。
1．F [上文“For some，things work out fine.(对于一些人来说，事情进展得很顺利。)”与F项(但有些人常常发现自己被困在不喜欢的工作中)承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，some和others是关键词，故选F。]
2．C [下文“find out what jobs are available and what your options are(查明有什么工作，以及你的选择是什么)”与C项(这个网站建议你这样来处理你的职业)承接自然，下文是对选项内容的解释，故选C。]
3．B [根据本段的结构，尤其是上文的“Before you see a movie(在你看电影前)”和“Next，decide which movie you like best(然后，决定你最喜欢哪部电影)”可知，此处用B项(最后，决定你怎样买到电影票)符合陈述事情的发展顺序，故选B。]
4．E [“Have you travelled overseas Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree，such as a first aid license？(你是否有旅外经历？你是否有任何除学位之外的其他证书，例如急救执照？)”与 E项(一些工作要求你有特定的生活经历)承接自然，下文提到的内容就是一些工作所要求的特定生活经历或技能，故选E。]
5．A [下文“Are you outgoing and extroverted，or shy and introverted If you like working alone，a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.(你是外向活泼的，还是内向、不喜欢交往的？如果你喜欢独自工作，那么需要大量团队合作的工作可能不适合你。)”与A项(你的性格也很重要)承接自然，下文提到的outgoing，extroverted，shy 和introverted都是关于人的性格的词，故选A。 ]Section Ⅲ Developing ideas—Reading
1．hire a car租车
2．abuse of power 滥用职权
3．victims of theft盗窃受害者
4．in the purse在钱包里
1．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
2．expense n．费用，花费→expensive adj.昂贵的；花钱多的→expensively adv.昂贵地
1．at rock-bottom prices 以最低价格
2．rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
3．at the expense of 以损害……为代价
4．response to 对……的回应
5．be subject to 受支配；从属于；常遭受……
6．take on 承担；呈现；雇用
7．be relevant to 与……有关
8．do a further favour 进一步保护……
[句型公式] whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句
Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
①sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
②object n．(极欲得到、研究、注意等的)对象
③publish various papers 发表各种论文
④state v．陈述，说明
⑤be beneficial to 对……有好处，有益于……
⑥set up 创建，建立
⑦take on 具有(特征、外观等)，呈现
⑧frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑨vary from... to... 从……到……不同
⑩take off 起飞；脱下；休假；开始成功
response n．回应
increasing demand for对……不断增长的需求
competitive adj.有竞争力的
deliver v．传递，传送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes 名牌服装
rock-bottom price 最低价格
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
a couple of days 几天
cut down (on sth.) 减少，削减
existing regulation 现有法规
ongoing supervision 持续监管
take advantage of 利用
share n．股份，份额
expense n．费用，花费
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
be subject to 可能受……影响的
abuse n．滥用
property n．财产，财物
victim n．受害者
theft n．偷窃，偷盗
secure adj.安全的
potential risks 潜在的风险
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
be relevant to 与……相关
What's mine is yours.
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows① with others.When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media.[1]Taking it as an object② of study，psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding.
[1] 本句为主从复合句。taking it as an object of study为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning.It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time.These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares，and even to pet shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，[2]all delivered at the click of a button．[3]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days , it's out there.Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation; everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste.And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
[2]all delivered at the click of a button为独立主格结构。
[3]句中whether... or... 引导让步状语从句；其中where引导定语从句，先行词为shop；from which we can... a couple of days为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
But the sharing economy is not without its problems.[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.In addition，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides.Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure .Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services.Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
[4]句中as为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。
Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all — what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[5]句中such... that引导结果状语从句；在从句中what引导宾语从句。
我的就是你的。
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱，从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。
我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
1．What is the main idea of the text
A．The sharing economy is with us.
B．The sharing economy's benefits and problems.
C．We should learn to share.
D．Sharing is good for environment.
[答案] B
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What does “it” in “Taking it as an object of study” mean in the first paragraph
A．An object to study.
B．Sharing.
C．The thing shared with others.
D．Social media.
2．Which of the following sentences is WRONG
A．The action of sharing has new meanings.
B．We can reduce the cost through sharing.
C．It is no use setting up positive emotional bonding by sharing.
D．We can also make money through sharing.
3．Sharing can cut down on waste because ________．
A．we can reuse items by sharing
B．we can use items that other people don't use
C．sharing can reduce our shopping desire
D．sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste
4．What can be talked about in the next paragraph
A．What we will share in the future.
B．How to share with others in the future.
C．The categories of sharing.
D．The type of society that sharing will take us to.
[答案] 1～4 BCAD
1．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
(1)in deep sorrow 深深地感到悲哀/悲伤
to one's sorrow 令某人伤心的是
share sorrows and happiness 同甘共苦
(2)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的，悲痛的，悲哀的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To his sorrow，his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.
②His wife passed away two years ago，which left him in deep sorrow.
③他们的友谊已发展到了同甘共苦的地步。
They developed their friendship to a stage where they often shared sorrows and happiness．
2．take on呈现；较量；承担；接受；从事；开始雇用
take off 起飞；脱下；休假；开始成功
take over 控制；接管
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解；领悟
take up 占据；从事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
②Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
③我几乎听不懂老人说了什么。
I could hardly take in what the old man said．
3．hire v．(短期的)租用，租借；临时雇用
hire out 出租
hire oneself out to sb. 为某人工作，受雇/受聘于某人
for/on hire 可供出租
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We recommend a small company to you，which hires out boats to tourists.
②The boats are for/on hire to the guests from the management.
③他以前给人打过短工。
He hired himself out to whoever needed his services.
4．rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
rent at sth. 以(某价钱)租出
pay/cover the rent 付租金
afford the rent 负担得起租金
for rent 供租用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Buying flats to rent out is another trend among the Chinese.
②We need $1，000 a month to cover (cover) the rent.
③这片土地租给别的农民了。
The land is rented out to other farmers.
5．at the expense of以损害……为代价
at one's expense 由某人付钱
spare no expense (in doing sth.) 不惜费用(做某事)
at great/vast expense 以巨大的代价
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Teachers who signed up did so out of personal choice and at their own expense.
②He's bought a specially big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly.
③他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。
He built up business at the expense of his health.
重点句式 whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句
(教材P59)Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
[句式分析]
本句中whether... or... (不管……还是……)引导让步状语从句。
Whether he drives or takes the train，he'll be here on time.
无论他开车还是乘火车，他都会准时到这里的。
(1)whether... or... 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
(2)whether... or... 后面可以接动词不定式、形容词或其他短语。
(3)whether (...) or not 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whether happy or sad，she always tries to keep smiling.
②Whether they do it or not matters little to us.
③不管他是对是错，他总是在争论中表现得最差。
Whether he is right or wrong/Whether or not he is right/Whether he is right or not，he always comes off worst in an argument.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We express our deepest sorrow (悲痛) for the incident.
2．You can hire (租用) a bicycle，a car，or a horse in that park whenever you want to.
3．He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse (滥用) of power.
4．I would rather you forgave the poor child's theft (偷窃)．
5．The lady with a purse (钱包) in her hand came to the bank counter.
6．The expenses (费用) have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a month.
Ⅱ.选词填空
at rock-bottom prices，at the expense of，rent out，take on，be subject to
1．The competitors will be subject to random drug testing.
2．If you invest now，you will be buying at rock-bottom prices．The shares are at their lowest today.
3．Anybody can rent out a storefront and start their own business，and many people have done so.
4．No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job.
5．In study，memorization should not be stressed at the expense of comprehension.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．But today，the action of sharing takes on extra meaning，which 1.has expanded (expand) to almost every aspect of our lives.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.This wealth of ways of sharing is 2.a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at 3.competitive (compete) prices，all 4.delivered (deliver) at the click of a button.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.Besides，5.sharing (share) encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste.But the sharing economy is not without 6.its (it) problems.Firstly the sharing economy is developing faster than existing 7.regulations (regulation) or ongoing supervision.In addition，the sharing economy is subject 8.to abuse of trust.Finally，personal data is not yet secure.Nonetheless，9.what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is 10.increasingly (increasing) relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jim turned around and declared himself to be angry and frustrated (frustrate)．
2．More people will be doing the work with proper supervision (supervise) and thus，more safely.
3．Police are investigating the theft (thief) of computers from the company's offices.
4．Two years ago she bought an expensive (expense) mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.
5．I decided that I could never waste my time in sorrow and grief in the future.
6．There are three small boats available for hire.
7．She is unhappy she is discriminated (discriminate) against because of her age.
8．At work，it is IQ that gets you hired (hire) but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
9．When you decide to start a business，don't go into debt over it.
10．People who are less subjectively (subjective) involved are better judges.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
As the President of Ariel Investments，I am often asked how to cultivate (培养) green hands to be qualified for a new job within a short time.My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W．Rogers.
While in college，I worked as an intern (实习生) at Ariel Investments.As the youngest girl of six kids from a single mom，I had very little knowledge of the business world.When I graduated，I decided to return to the company to improve myself.
At the age of 22，my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president，John W．Rogers.He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles，lots of degrees and lots of experience.And yet，my ideas could still be as good or even better，he said.This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career.When I was starting out，I thought my inexperience was holding me back，but John said that it was a good thing.He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.
As my tutor，John encouraged me to be brave.As my boss，he took some giant leaps of faith to support me.Because of our first lunch and the years of support that followed，I never thought twice about speaking up，raising my hand or taking a seat at the table.Staying in the background was never a choice.But John's advice came with one important warning.I needed to control my attitude.It's one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude.Similarly，there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence.With that in mind，I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others.As someone once told me，“The goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为实习生时，深受公司的创始人兼董事长John W．Rogers的影响。John W．Rogers鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的看法，同时也教导作者要“有锋芒却不伤人”。
1．What can we learn about the author from the text
A．She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.
B．She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.
C．Her tough childhood had a negative effect on her work.
D．Her performance during internship was highly praised in public.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As my tutor，John encouraged me to be brave.”和“Because of our first...taking a seat at the table.”可知，正是John W．Rogers的鼓励让作者敢于说出自己的想法，发表自己的意见。故选B。]
2．Due to John W．Rogers' advice，the author________．
A．learned to strike a balance between work and life
B．no longer felt lost and became aware of her own value
C．contributed her ideas only after listening to others'
D．went to a different company to display her talent
B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When I was starting out... point of view.” 和第四段中的“Because of our first... taking a seat at the table.”可推知，John W．Rogers的话使得作者不再感到迷茫，开始意识到自己的价值，变得勇敢。故选B。]
3．Who would probably benefit most from this article
A．Company bosses.
B．Experienced teammates.
C．Business consultants.
D．Those new to a job.
D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作为Ariel投资总裁的作者在被问及如何培养新人的时候，回忆自己刚入职时的经历以及John W．Rogers给她指导。John告诉她新人的优势并鼓励她要勇敢，而这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这篇文章会让职场新手获益良多。故选D。]
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Encourage Your Employees to Grow
B．Keep Your Attitude under Control
C．Let Your Success Be Your Noise
D．Live a Life with a High Goal
B [标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“But John's advice came with one important warning.I needed to control my attitude.”和“With that in mind... at the same time.”可推知，作者从John的话和自己的经历中懂了要控制好自己的态度，不能锋芒太露。故选B。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Levi Miller's life changed during an ordinary dinner with his family.That evening，director Joe Wright called to 1 the 11-year-old the starring role in Wright's upcoming movie Pan.
The phone call led Levi to leave his home in Australia to 2 in London.His mother 3 her job to accompany him.
Levi began 4 when he was 2 or 3.He joined in some of his older sister's dance shows.He wanted to share the 5 she was getting.When he was 5 or 6，he won a drama competition as Peter Pan.
6 Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie.First，he had to change his 7 to sound like he was from London.He learned about life in London during World War Ⅱ， which was when the movie 8 ．He also needed to figure out how to cry on cue.His 9 was to think about his dog，who had died not long before.
At first，Levi felt very awkward around the 10 actors he worked with.For example，it took him several weeks to feel 11 calling Hugh Jackman “Hugh”．Before that，he would only 12 him as “Mr Jackman”．
Since that 13 experience，Levi has continued acting on 14 ．His next movie was a smaller Australian production called Red Dog.
Levi loves the 15 that acting provides.He says，“Every time you go to a set，it's a whole different world，and I love that.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Levi在11岁时得到的一个角色改变了Levi的人生，自此开启了他的演艺之路。
1．A．teach B．tell
C．offer D．submit
C [由下文中的“the 11-year-old the starring role”可知，此处是提供主演这一角色。]
2．A．film B．wander
C．struggle D．explore
A [由上文导演打电话给Levi提供主演角色以及下文中的“Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie”可知，他是去拍电影。]
3．A．created B．quit
C．refused D．continued
B [由下文中的“to accompany him”可知，他的母亲应是辞了工作去陪他。]
4．A．walking B．dancing
C．travelling D．performing
D [由下文中的“He joined in some of his older sister's dance shows.”及“he won a drama competition as Peter Pan”可知，他加入他姐姐的一些舞蹈表演。那么两三岁时他应该是开始表演。]
5．A．applause B．burden
C．memory D．money
A [由上文中的“his older sister's dance shows”可推知，姐姐表演获得的应该是掌声、喝彩。]
6．A．So B．And
C．Finally D．But
D [由上文中的“won a drama competition”可知，他小有成就，而下文中的“Levi still had a lot to learn”说明他仍然有很多要学习的东西，上下文之间为转折关系。]
7．A．role B．lifestyle
C．accent D．dialect
C [由下文中的“to sound like he was from London”可知，此处指改变口音。]
8．A．came out B．took place
C．spread out D．ended up
B [根据句意可知，took place“发生”符合语境。]
9．A．reaction B．advice
C．trick D．sadness
C [由上文中的“figure out how to cry”及下文中的“to think about his dog”可推知，此处是说他哭出来的诀窍是想想他不久前死去的狗。]
10．A．nervous B．famous
C．proud D．strange
B [根据上文中的“At first，Levi felt very awkward”及下文Hugh Jackman的例子，并结合选项可推知，此处是说和有名的演员一起工作。]
11．A．free B．confident
C．happy D．comfortable
D [由上文中的“At first，Levi felt very awkward”和下文中的“Before that，he would only ________ him as ‘Mr Jackman’．”可知，之前Levi会很客气的称呼Hugh Jackman为Mr Jackman，而现在直接称呼Hugh，故可推知Levi适应了几周才能很自在地这样称呼Hugh Jackman。]
12．A．address B．regard
C．consider D．identify
A [由上文中的“calling Hugh Jackman ‘Hugh’”可知，此处是说之前Levi会很客气地称呼Hugh Jackman为Mr Jackman。]
13．A．personal B．long
C．first D．relevant
C [由上文中的“Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie”及下文中的“His next movie”可知，此处是说他有了第一次拍电影的经历。first为原词复现。]
14．A．screen B．stage
C．demand D．purpose
A [由下文中的“movie”可知，Levi拍摄的是电影，结合选项可知，screen“银幕”符合语境。]
15．A．awards B．jobs
C．advantages D．possibilities
D [由下文中的“Every time you go to a set，it's a whole different world”可知，Levi喜欢表演带给他的不同体验，结合选项可知，此处是说他喜欢表演提供的可能性。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
Venice in Italy is famous as a water city.In China，the water city has become the city named for Suzhou.With years' efforts，the Suzhou travel authorities 1.________(register) Suzhou with a trademark of “Oriental Water City”．
Suzhou achieved its reputation hundreds of years ago 2.________the Grand Canal was constructed.The city remains Jiangsu's main 3.________ (attract) with its blue web of connecting canals and classical gardens as well as the famous silk industry.The 4.________(wonder) registration of the new tourist trademark shows that the city aims to establish its image 5.________(official) as an “Oriental Water City”．
42% of the area 6.________(cover) by water，Suzhou is indeed rich in water.From fifths of the Taihu Lake and the Grand Canal both cross the city.The Yangtze River goes around 7.________edge of the city，too.The Jinji Lake in the eastern part of the city shows Suzhou's modern image，8.________ the city moat (护城河) forms a boundary line of the old town.9.________these，countless small lakes and rivers make Suzhou a water city in the true sense of the word.There are millions of visitors coming to the city 10.________(admire) its beauty.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有着“东方水城”之称的苏州。
1．have registered [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处强调达成的结果，应用现在完成时，且主语authorities为复数，故填have registered。]
2．when [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为hundreds of years ago，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。]
3．attraction [考查名词。空前的main是形容词，后面必须有名词，故填attraction。]
4．wonderful [考查形容词。根据空前的“The”和空后的“registration”可知，空处应填形容词作定语，故填wonderful。]
5．officially [考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。]
6．covered [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，逗号前是独立主格结构，cover与其逻辑主语42% of the area是动宾关系，故用过去分词covered。]
7．the [考查冠词。此处是the edge of... “……的边缘”，故填the。]
8．while [考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列分句，表示对比关系，故填while。]
9．Besides [考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示除了这些，还有数不清的小湖泊和河流使得苏州成为真正字面意义上的“水城”，故填Besides。]
10．to admire [考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处作目的状语，故填to admire。]
