Section Ⅳ Developing ideas—Writing
写一篇推荐文化圣地的文章
本单元的写作任务是写一封电子邮件推荐或介绍一个城市的文化亮点。推荐信是常见的一种应用文体，简单说就是在信中发表你的建议与看法。推荐信除了遵循书信的格式之外，还要在信中针对对方的问题，给出你的观点及解决办法。
[写作要点]
向别人推荐或介绍某人、某事、某物时，语气要肯定，并对所推荐或介绍的人、事、物给予正面评价。写作时一般用第二、第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。其他注意事项：
1．说明写信目的及要推荐或介绍的对象。
2．阐述推荐理由或介绍的对象的特征时语言要简洁中肯。
3．最后期待自己的推荐或介绍能让对方满意，期盼再次联系。
[常用表达]
(一)开头部分常用表达
1．Delighted to know that you are travelling in Shanghai, I think it a good choice to visit the Huangpu River.
很高兴得知你正在上海旅游，我认为游览黄浦江是个不错的选择。
2．Having learned that you are coming to visit Beijing, I'd like to recommend a place of interest—the Great Wall to you.
得知你要来北京观光，我想向你推荐一个旅游胜地——长城。
3．I'm very glad to have read the post that you put on the English forum.I strongly recommend that you pay a visit to my hometown Beijing.
我很高兴看到你在英语论坛上的帖子。我强烈推荐你到我的家乡北京看看。
4．Since you're going to travel in China, I'd like to recommend you to visit my hometown Yangzhou.
既然你要去中国旅游，我想推荐你去我的家乡扬州。
(二)主体部分常用表达
1．I recommend it mainly for the following two reasons./My reasons are as follows: First, Yangzhou is an ancient city with a long history.
我推荐它主要有以下两个原因。/我的理由如下：首先，扬州是一座历史悠久的古城。
2．The Bird's Nest in Beijing, designed by one of the most famous architects in the world, was built in a fancy style.
由世界最著名的建筑师之一设计的北京鸟巢，建筑风格奇特。
3．There are several reasons why I think the Great Wall is a good choice.
我认为长城是一个不错的选择有几个原因。
4．Baoji City, which lies in western part of Shaanxi Province north-west China, is a popular tourist destination.
位于中国西北部陕西省西部的宝鸡市是一个很受欢迎的旅游目的地。
(三)结尾部分常用表达
1．I hope you will be interested in it.
我希望你会对它感兴趣。
2．I'm looking forward to your arrival in Beijing!
我期待着你来北京！
3．Hope you have a good time in China.
希望你在中国玩得开心。
4．If you need further information, don't hesitate to contact me.
如果你需要更多信息，尽管与我联系。
假定你是李华，得知你的留学生好友Chris 想利用假期在中国游玩，感受中国文化。请给他写一封邮件推荐一处旅游景点，内容包括：
1.推荐景点；
2.推荐的理由；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题构思]
第一段：直接指出推荐的景点名称；
第二段：具体介绍推荐的景点，列出推荐的理由；
第三段：表达自己的祝愿。
[遣词造句]
1．作为中国最著名的历史文化古镇之一，大理古城有着悠久的历史。
As one of the most famous historic and cultural old towns in China, Dali Old Town has a long history.
2．它的历史可追溯到唐朝。
It dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
3．这里有无数保存完好的古代建筑和独特的老街。
There are countless well preserved ancient buildings and unique old streets．
4．在那里你可以体验白族文化，享受白族传统食物。
You can experience Bai culture and enjoy the traditional food of the Bai people there．
[句式升级]
1．用动词-ing形式把句1和句2连接起来
As one of the most famous historic and cultural old towns in China, Dali Old Town has a long history dating back to the Tang Dynasty.
2．用定语从句把句3和句4连接起来
There are countless well preserved ancient buildings and unique old streets, where you can experience Bai culture and enjoy the traditional food of the Bai people.
[连句成篇]
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Dear Chris，
Knowing that you are going to take a trip during your vacation, I'd like to recommend Dali Old Town to you.
Dali Old Town is located in the north-west of Yunnan Province, with the famous Cang Mountains and Erhai nearby.As one of the most famous historic and cultural old towns in China, Dali Old Town has a long history dating back to the Tang Dynasty.There are countless well preserved ancient buildings and unique old streets, where you can experience Bai culture and enjoy the traditional food of the Bai people.If you visit it in 25 June on Chinese lunar calendar, you will be lucky to witness the Huoba festival of the Bai people.
I'm sure that you'll have a good time if you choose Dali Old Town as your destination.Enjoy yourself!
Yours，
Li Hua
课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
BEIJING/SAO PAULO—Chinese traditions like cockfighting, kite-flying and fireworks have been quite common in Brazil for many years.
Despite the thousands of kilometers between them, China's historical and artistic mark on Brazil has existed for about 300 years, said Brazilian Sinologist Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite in his book China in Brazil.“Influences from China can date from the colonial period, even up to the time after Brazil's independence.” The commercial relationship between the two countries has existed for a long time, he noted, adding that incoming ships would fill up Brazilian cities like Salvador, Rio de Janeiro and Recife with Chinese products like porcelain (瓷器)，silk and fans.He also found Chinese influence not only in the arts and architecture of Brazil but also in the most diverse areas of Brazilian society, like the economy, medicine and popular culture.“At the end of the 19th century, in Pernambuco, (a state in north-eastern Brazil)，there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with Chinese dragons．” Teixeira added.
The book took him about 15 years to finish.“The impact of the book surprised me, though it was published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1，000 copies，” he said.“Some have said that the book represents a turning point in Chinese studies in Brazil.”
Besides, the Sinologist did research on the marks and presence of China in the architecture and arts of Brazil.“It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion，” Teixeira said.
In 1992, the Sinologist visited Macao to do research for his doctoral thesis about the marks and presence of China in Brazil, and that trip impressed him a lot.In 2013, Teixeira had a chance to visit the Chinese cities of Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, and got to know “the past and present of the great country culturally, as well as its incredible material development.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴西汉学家Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite眼中的中国和巴西。
1．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply
A．Brazilian children's love for dragons as Chinese children.
B．The development of China-Brazil frequent trade cooperation.
C．A further understanding of the cultures of the two countries.
D．China's influence on most diverse areas of Brazilian society.
D [推理判断题。根据画线句的前文，Teixeira发现了中国对巴西的影响不仅在艺术、建筑方面，而且在巴西社会的更广泛的领域中，而画线句就是对其观点的证明。因此，画线句子显示的是中国对巴西社会各个领域的影响。故选D。]
2．What marks a new stage of Chinese studies for Brazilian
A．Children's clothes.
B．The Sinologist's travelling.
C．The Sinologist's book.
D．China's porcelain.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中Teixeira说的话可知，这本书标志着巴西人的中国研究进入了一个新的阶段。故选C。]
3．What fired the Sinologist's passion for Chinese studies
A．Chinese art.
B．Chinese customs.
C．The history of China.
D．China's development.
A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion，(‘正是通过艺术，中国在我心中觉醒，首先是好奇心，然后是兴趣，最后是热情。’特谢拉说。)”可知，是艺术激发了这位汉学家对中国研究的热情。故选A。]
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The impression of China on the Sinologist.
B．China and Brazil in eyes of the Sinologist.
C．An introduction to the Sinologist's new book.
D．The future of China-Brazil trade relations.
B [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，巴西汉学家Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite从多个方面介绍了中国对巴西的影响。所以文章的主旨大意为“汉学家眼中的中国和巴西”。故选B。]
B
Research has shown that people tend to get more happiness from spending their money on experiences, such as travel and entertainment, than on things, such as clothes and electronic goods.But are people happier during the purchased (购买的) experience itself Or does the happiness come more from expecting or remembering the experience
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, offers an answer.Our experiential purchases bring us greater pleasure in terms of expectation and remembrance than do our material purchases, but they also bring us greater in-the-moment enjoyment, the study found.
For the study, the researchers recruited (招募) 2，635 adults who agreed to receive texts at any time during the day.The texts began with a happiness question, which asked the participants (参与者) to rate how they felt “right now” on a scale from very bad to very good.Half of them were then asked if they had made a material purchase within the past hour, such as clothing or electronic goods.The others were asked if they had made an experiential purchase within the past hour, such as eating in a restaurant or attending a concert.
The researchers found that the purchasers of the experiences express higher levels of happiness than the purchasers of the material goods, no matter how much the purchases cost.
To address possible differences in types of purchasers, the researchers conducted a second study in which they researched more than 5，000 adults.“We still observed the same result，” said Amit Kumar, the study's lead author.
The researchers said a possible explanation is the endurance (持久) of experiences in people's memories, while the observed value of material goods weakens over time.
“If you want to be happier, it might be wise to shift (转变) some of your spending away from material goods and a bit more towards experiences，” Kumar said.“That would likely lead to greater happiness.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，与购买物品相比，把钱花在生活体验上能让人更快乐。
5．Why does the author put forward two questions in paragraph 1
A．To make a fact clear.
B．To introduce a new study.
C．To compare different research.
D．To doubt the opinion presented.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A new study... offers an answer.”以及对该研究结论的介绍可知，作者之所以提出这两个问题是为了引出关于这项新研究的话题。]
6．Why did the researchers text the participants
A．To ask them about their spending plans.
B．To understand their needs and spending habits.
C．To find out the change in their purchasing choices.
D．To monitor their purchasing behaviour and emotions.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究人员给参与者每天不定时发消息，以了解他们当时的情绪感受以及他们在过去的一个小时内是否有过购买行为。]
7．What do the underlined words “the same result” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．The desire to purchase things weakens over time.
B．People are more willing to spend money on things.
C．People get more pleasure from spending money than making it.
D．Experiential purchases bring more happiness than material ones.
D [推理判断题。根据第五段的描述可知，两次研究的结论相同。结合第四段内容可知，画线部分指的是“与购买物品相比，把钱花在生活体验上更能让人快乐”。]
8．What did Kumar think people should do in the last paragraph
A．Spend more on experiences.
B．Make future spending decisions.
C．Be happy with what they have bought.
D．Consider its value when buying a product.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Kumar认为人们应把钱多花在生活体验上，而不是物品上，这样会更快乐。]
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近从报纸上得知今年敦煌文博会Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo将于9月举行，组委会现面向全社会招募志愿者，要求英语口语流利，了解丝绸之路文化及国外习俗等。请给组委会写一封信，申请做志愿者。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：recruit v．招聘
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am glad to get the news from the local newspaper that____________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am glad to get the news from the local newspaper that some volunteers will be recruited for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo this year.I am really so interested in it that I'd like to apply for it.
First, I grew up in Lanzhou, which was an important city along the Silk Road.So I have known a lot about the culture of the Silk Road.Furthermore, I have ever visited some English countries, so I am very good at spoken English and pretty familiar with English traditions and customs.
I would appreciate it if you could give me the chance.Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely，
Li HuaSection Ⅴ
1．gateway n．通向……的门户
2．statue n．雕像；塑像
3．peak n．高峰，顶点
4．department n.(大学的)系，部
5．institute n．学院；研究院
6．temple n．庙宇，寺院
7．tune n．曲调，旋律
8． prior adj.先前的；较早的
9．genius n．天才，天赋
10．enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的
1．strength n．力气；体力→strengthen v．加强
2．cover v．覆盖 n．覆盖物；封面→coverage n．覆盖范围
3．scholar n．学者→scholarly adj.有学问的；学术性的→scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术
4．history n．历史→historian n．历史学家→historic adj.有历史意义的→historical adj.(有关)历史的
5．king n．国王→kingdom n．王国→kingship n．国王身份；王位
1．in detail 详细地
2．date from 起源于，追溯到
3．seal up 封闭，密封
4．bring...to life 使复活，使苏醒
5．to name just a few 仅举几例
6．fade from 从……中淡出
7．give an account of 描述
8．prior to 在……之前，先于……
9．be exposed to 接触；暴露于；面临
10．be determined to do... 决心做……
11．keep a close eye on 密切关注
12．on the whole 从整体上说
13．strike a chord 引起共鸣；打动心弦
1．[句型公式] with复合结构
The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
2．[句型公式] the first time引导时间状语从句
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it，and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.
我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。
3．[句型公式] 无生命名词作主语
Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received.
每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。
读后续写材料积累——运用与感官关联的词汇描写场景
Ⅰ.词汇积累
视觉上 enormous/immense/vast；tiny；sparkling/twinkling/glittering；dim；dark；lofty；bright；deep；narrow；winding；rainy；misty；sunny
触觉上 hard；soft/gentle；burning/scorching；icy/freezing；biting/bone-chilling；warm；wet/damp；silky；sharp；rough；bumpy；shaggy；wooden
嗅觉上 smelly/foul/stinky；fragrant；fresh；sweet；strong；choking
听觉上 low；high；noisy；quiet；deafening；howling；melodious；gurgling
Ⅱ.词块必记
1．the lofty mountains高耸的山脉
2．the dim light昏暗的灯光
3．the sparkling stars 闪闪发光的星星
4．the dark night 漆黑的夜晚
5．one misty morning 一个有雾的早晨
6．the biting wind 刺骨的风
7．a little wooden jewelry box 小的木质首饰盒
8．the gentle breeze 轻柔的微风
9．a bumpy road 崎岖不平的小路
10．the deafening applause 震耳欲聋的掌声
11．the gurgling stream 潺潺流淌的小溪
12．the howling wind 怒号的风
13．the fragrant flowers 芳香的花朵
14．the fresh air 清新的空气
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1．The fragile little tree cracked and fell in the wild howling wind.
脆弱的小树被狂风吹断了，倒在了地上。
2．The comforting smell of the turkey from the oven and quiet dawn of the day are the things I cherish.
那从烤箱里传来的令人心醉的火鸡香味和晨曦初露时静谧的黎明都是我珍爱的事物。
3．The dark, rainy evening，the wind，the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
那漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，把我完全镇住了。
4．They heard a deep, distant roar of the lion.
他们听到远处传来一声低沉的狮吼。
5．In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls.
从远处，她们可以看到尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾的雾。
6．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我正要倒头去睡，这时我的卧室突然亮如白昼。
7．The narrow windows admit little light into the room.
窗户很窄，只有少量的光能照进房间。
8．I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, fragrant flowers, warm breeze, gurgling streams, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination.
我向车窗外望去，蜿蜒的河流、芬芳的花朵、和煦的微风、潺潺的溪流、巍峨的高山、阳光明媚的海滩和幽深的山谷把我完全吸引住了。
单元综合检测(三)
第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dubai isn't your average international city, and it's a lively place rich in culture and history.Although it may be known for architectural miracles, like Burj Khalifa Tower, the city is perfected by a series of landscapes, wildlife and natural wonders.
The Saruk al-hadid Archaeological Site
Set in the spectacular desert landscape, the Saruk al-hadid Archaeological Site is one of the most exciting discoveries of the 21st century, which gives us a glance into the city's history and beginnings as a thriving trade hub.The site is considered to have been a centre of constant human habitation, trade and metallurgy, dating back over three thousand years to the Iron Age.Unique artifacts discovered at the site are on public display at the world's only live museum.
The Ras Al Khor Wildlife Reserve
The spot is home to a huge variety of feathered residents.Just inside the busy city of Dubai, you'll find a treasure of diverse bird life in the vast wetlands of the Ras Al Khor Wildlife Reserve.From one of the three bird hides, you can witness more than 25，000 residents and migratory birds, which include great egrets, reef herons, cormorants and more.The real stars are the pink flamingos that flock to the area during the winter in the hope of attracting a mate.
The Zaynab
The Zaynab goes deep into the water off Dubai's coast.A short ride from Dubai's shiny shoreline lies a little-known marine adventure.The waters of gulf are home to many magical secrets of the underwater world.The Zaynab, a 70-meter-long oil smuggling ship bound for Asia is a thrilling deep wreck site for advanced open water divers.Other interesting wrecks include the Sheikh Mohammed Barge, Neptune 6 and Victoria Star where divers could explore many more mysteries that lie deep below.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迪拜的三个风景名胜。
1．What can we know about Dubai
A．It's well-known for its series of landscapes, wildlife and natural wonders.
B．The Saruk al-hadid Archaeological Site dates from the Stone Age with unique artifacts.
C．The pink flamingos flocking to the area are real stars in the Ras Al Khor Wildlife Reserve.
D．The Zaynab home to many magical secrets is a thrilling wreck site for elementary open water divers.
C [细节理解题。根据The Ras Al Khor Wildlife Reserve下的“The real stars are the pink flamingos that flock to the area during the winter in the hope of attracting a mate.(真正的明星是粉红色的火烈鸟，它们在冬天蜂拥而至，希望能吸引配偶。)”可知，蜂拥而至的粉红色火烈鸟是Ras Al Khor野生动物保护区真正的明星。故选C。]
2．If you want to explore the undersea world, where can you go
A．The Zaynab.
B．Burj Khalifa Tower.
C．The Ras Al Khor Wildlife Reserve.
D．The Saruk al-hadid Archaeological Site.
A [细节理解题。根据The Zaynab下的“The waters of gulf are home to many magical secrets of the underwater world.(海湾水域是海底世界许多神奇秘密的家园。)”可知，如果你想探索海底世界可以去The Zaynab。故选A。]
3．Where can we find the text
A．A business website.
B．A travel brochure.
C．A history textbook.
D．A cultural introduction.
B [推理判断题。文章主要介绍了迪拜的三个风景名胜，所以可推测，这篇文章可能来自一本旅游手册。故选B。]
B
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (嗑瓜子) as a snack so much.“I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth; I believe that's from cracking the seeds，” he said.
I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware.I realised that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year.Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds.Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast.I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China.When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food.In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins their breath.They think it's a delicacy (美味佳肴), and it's connected to their certain culture.I think it's a wonderful tradition.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红鱼为例，证明饮食习惯来自特定的文化。
4．What did the writer become aware of
A．She had ever typed a report about seeds.
B．She had various snacks while watching TV.
C．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds.
D．She had a habit of cracking sunflower seeds.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯，故选D。]
5．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year
A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
B．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C．The families get together for it.
D．Children can eat delicious food on that day.
B [推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食， 其中就有瓜子， 小孩可以在年夜饭前吃， 作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子， 由此可知，作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关，故选B。]
6．The writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread is________．
A．neutral B．critical
C．acceptable D．doubtful
C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“I think it's a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包配咸红鱼是一个很好的传统，由此可知，作者接受这种吃法，故选C。]
7．What lesson can we learn from the story
A．One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
B．It is good to form healthy eating habits.
C．Eating habits come from a certain culture.
D．Changing your eating habits will change your life.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的， 这和他们的特定的文化有关， 正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关，由此可知，饮食习惯来自特定的文化，故选C。]
C
Every day around the world, thousands of people with little or no scholarly training in art history walk into museums.They may or may not read notice boards that share relevant information of the artworks or artists.Imagine, before being permitted to direct their eyeballs to the art on the walls, museum visitors were required to read a 15-or 20-page introduction to each piece or each artist.How many people would go to museums if that were the case
Yet this seems to be the expectation when it comes to reading classic literature.Classic novels typically come with 15-or 20-page introductions, which often include spoilers，assuming that readers do not come to classic books to discover, be absorbed in, and be surprised by the story world.Also, evidently, we mustn't read classics alone, without experts guiding our experiences.
However, classic literature is in a unique position to show us that we're not alone in our pains and joys.By taking us out of our time, classic books free us to see beyond the set of beliefs we stick to and to connect human experiences that remain alive across time and place.What could be more grounding, more comforting, than seeing ourselves in the battles, longings, and pleasures that have played out across hundreds, thousands of years of human history Our personal engagement(参与) is the first step of a longer journey of discovery that deepens our knowledge and understanding of ourselves and our world.We may, for example, feel for Hester Prynne from Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter though we feel hopeless of the world she lived in.
While we're letting go of things, let's stop worrying about understanding everything.We can't.It will be fun if we embrace(拥抱) curiosity, the pleasure of working out a mystery, and our common relationships as humans.We can feel, for example, the power of self-sacrifice(牺牲) in Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities even when we lack full understanding of the cultural references and language.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要指出阅读经典文学对我们至关重要，这是一种个人探索的过程。
8．What can we learn about most museum goers in paragraph 1
A．They enjoy reading notice boards.
B．They understand the artworks well.
C．They lack professional art knowledge.
D．They share common interest in artworks.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，许多去博物馆的人缺乏专业的艺术知识。故选C。]
9．What can the spoilers in paragraph 2 possibly be
A．Story writers.
B．Readers' expectations.
C．Guiding experts.
D．Contents given away in advance.
D [词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句可知，假设读者来读经典小说不是为了发现、沉浸其中并对故事世界感到惊讶，那么这些15到20页的介绍通常就会包含一些预知的内容，即一些提前展示的故事情节，故选D。]
10．What prevents readers from enjoying reading classics
A．Showing curiosity about the writers.
B．Letting go of things.
C．Trying to understand everything.
D．Working out mysteries.
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While we're letting go of things, let's stop worrying about understanding everything.We can't.”可知，试图理解一切阻止了读者享受阅读经典的乐趣。故选C。]
11．What message is mainly conveyed in the passage
A．We should find more fun from classics.
B．Reading classics is a personal exploration.
C．Experts need to give readers better guidance.
D．Classic literature benefits readers a great deal.
B [主旨大意题。文章主要论述阅读经典文学对我们至关重要，这是一种个人探索的过程。故选B。]
D
All human societies play games.Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether the ball is just a ball of cloth，or a skin stuffed with feathers or air.
But complex games and team sports have tended to arise in big civilizations — the higher the cultural level of a society is，the greater the complexity of the interaction is，and hence perhaps the more complex the forms of sports are.
This is not always the case.The ancient Greeks，for example，preferred the individual rather than team sports.But in China for well over 2，000 years，people played the game of “kickball” — cuju.The members were often young men from wealthy families though there were also professional kickball players.
Cuju was played as entertainment at court banquets or the reception of foreign ambassadors.Even emperors played kickball.
As you'd expect in a Confucian society，kickball clubs were keen on the key qualities of mercy and courtesy.A great player was one who showed “the spirit of the game”．The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players，polite behaviors and team spirit.There was to be no ungentlemanly behavior，no dangerous play，and no hogging (独占) the ball.In other words，as we used to say，“Play up and play the game.”
What a contrast with the ancient Greek athletics where only victory counted and if that needed gamesmanship，or cruel professional fouls (犯规)，then so be it.
As a way of national culture protection，cuju was listed into the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。复杂的比赛项目和团队运动往往出现在大的社会文明中，社会的文化水平越高，相互作用的复杂性就越大，因此体育运动的形式可能也就越复杂。文章通过比较古希腊人喜欢的个人运动和中国人喜欢的团体运动——“蹴鞠”来进行说明。
12．What does the underlined phrase “stuffed with” mean in paragraph 1
A．Filled with.
B．Decorated with.
C．Surrounded with.
D．Covered with.
A [词义猜测题。根据第一段画线短语后的“feathers or air”和画线短语前的“skin”以及常识可推知，外壳内填充了羽毛或空气。A项“充满”，与画线短语意义相符。故A项正确。]
13．What may contribute to the complicated games
A．Teams. B．Interactions.
C．Societies. D．Civilizations.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“But complex games...in big civilizations”可知，复杂的比赛项目和团队运动往往出现在大的社会文明中，由此可推知，社会文明促成了复杂的体育运动。故D项正确。]
14．Who were the major members in a cuju team according to the text
A．Sleepers.
B．The rich young men.
C．Emperors.
D．The professional athletes.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The members were often young men from wealthy families though there were also professional kickball players.”可知，蹴鞠的成员通常是来自富裕家庭的年轻男子；由此可知，来自富裕家庭的年轻男子是蹴鞠的主要成员。故B项正确。]
15．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about
A．Kickball's popularity.
B．Kickball's development.
C．Kickball's importance.
D．Kickball's characteristics.
D [段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，该段主要讲述了“蹴鞠”的特征“mercy”， “courtesy”， “Ten Essentials of Kickball”。故D项正确。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Chong Yang Festival is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. 16 ．
Climbing Mountains
People like to climb mountains on this festival, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called the “Mountain-climbing Festival”．
The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing. 17 ．It is really refreshing to climb mountains and enjoy the beauty of nature at this bright and clear time in autumn.
Climbing mountains also indicates “climbing to a higher position”．Another reason why climbing mountains is valued by people, especially by the elderly is that it has a meaning of “longevity”．Climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty. 18 .
Drinking Chrysanthemum Flower(菊花) Wine
The chrysanthemum flower wine is unique in brewing.In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine. 19 ．The wine is said to have wholesome effects on sharpness of the eye, reduction of high blood pressure and weight and removal of stomach trouble, thus contributing to longevity.
20
The Double Ninth cake is also known as the “flower cake”．It dates from the Zhou Dynasty.It is said that the cake was originally prepared after autumn harvests for farmers to have a taste of what was just in season, and it gradually grew into the present cake for people to eat on the Double Ninth Festival.
A．Eating the Double Ninth Cake
B．Making the “flower cake” with friends
C．A lot of poems were devoted to this custom
D．It would not be drunk until the same day next year
E．So people love to go sightseeing during this month
F．Here are some traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival
G．But few Chinese people are aware of the importance of the festival
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的重阳节。
16．F [根据上句可知，文章介绍的是重阳节，下文是介绍重阳节的一些传统习俗，故F项符合文意。 ]
17．E [上句提到农历九月，秋高气爽，是观光的好时节， E选项“所以人们喜欢在这个月期间去观光”顺承上句。另外，上句和E选项都提到了sightseeing，故选E。]
18．C [上句提到，重阳节登山在唐朝就已经流行了，由此可知，空处要说到流行的证据，也就是很多诗都是关于这一习俗的，故选C。]
19．D [上句介绍了菊花酒的酿造，D项“要到来年的这一天，才拿出来喝”符合语境，故选D。]
20．A [根据下文“The Double Ninth cake is also known as the ‘flower cake’．”对重阳糕的介绍可知，这一部分主要介绍了吃重阳糕，故选A。]
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was envious of my friends who got to stay at school for lunch.They 21 the same things as the characters in our favorite TV shows.The meals we ate at home were different.One day, a classmate asked what I ate for lunch.I 22 feeling like I'd been caught.Like most days, we'd had fried rice.“Sandwiches，” I lied.My face felt hot as I turned away， 23 she wouldn't ask anything more.
Still, there was one day of the year when Mom made an 24 and we were allowed to stay at school for lunch.Every year, there was Chinese Day at the cafeteria to 25 Chinese New Year.“The school is honoring our heritage (传统)，” Mom would say.The first Chinese Day lunch I can 26 was when I was about six.I had 27 this day for weeks.When the bell rang for lunch, I rushed to the cafeteria.As I stood in line, I imagined the 28 that had been waiting for us.
There would be 29 ，surely—every Chinese New Year meal included fish.I could explain to my friends what Mom had told us: the 30 for “fish” in Chinese sounded like another word meaning abundance.There would be chicken, too, probably with the head still on, because a 31 chicken for Chinese New Year represented wholeness.
The line was slowly moving forward until 32 it was my turn.The cafeteria worker passed me my plate and I looked down.I barely 33 anything.All I did was sit there, confused.They called this “Chinese” lunch, but why had I never 34 it before Those first few bites, I realised later, were my 35 to Chinese-Canadian cuisine.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。在加拿大生活的作者每天都吃妈妈做的中式菜肴，一次在学校食堂吃中餐的经历让作者意识到外国人眼中的中餐与作者吃的中餐大相径庭。
21．A．ate B．mixed
C．kept D．bought
A [根据“envious”和“lunch”可知，作者的朋友们“吃(ate)”着和他们最喜爱的电视节目里的人物一样的东西，而作者在家吃的东西则是不同的。]
22．A．quit B．froze
C．fell D．changed
B [根据“feeling like I'd been caught”可知，作者一直很介意自己和朋友们吃的东西不一样，所以当有人问作者午饭吃了什么时，作者“愣住了(froze)”。]
23．A．figuring B．agreeing
C．hoping D．regretting
C [作者转向别处是“希望(hoping)”同学别再问下去。]
24．A．excuse B．exception
C．impression D．appointment
B [根据“we were allowed to stay at school for lunch”可知，每年都会有一天妈妈会“破例(made an exception)”让孩子们在学校吃午饭。]
25．A．create B．save
C．celebrate D．guide
C [根据“The school is honoring our heritage”可知，学校餐厅每年都有一天“中国日”，以“庆祝(celebrate)”中国的春节。]
26．A．remember B．discover
C．order D．serve
A [作者能“记起(remember)”的笫一次“中国日”午餐发生在作者六岁时。]
27．A．put up with
B．looked out for
C．come up with
D．looked forward to
D [根据“I rushed to the cafeteria”可知，作者“盼望(looked forward to)”这一天的到来。]
28．A．program B．meal
C．seat D．guest
B [根据下文中的“fish”和“chicken”可知，作者想象一直在等待着他们的“食物(meal)”。]
29．A．chicken B．beef
C．bacon D．fish
D [根据“every Chinese New Year meal included fish”可知，作者很肯定会有“鱼(fish)”。]
30．A．price B．search
C．need D．word
D [作者想把妈妈告诉自己的话解释给朋友们听：在汉语中，鱼这个“字(word)”的发音与表示充裕的另一个字(余)相同。]
31．A．healthy B．whole
C．smart D．noisy
B [根据“probably with the head still on”和“represented wholeness”可知，一只“完整的(whole)”鸡象征着圆满。]
32．A．immediately B．usually
C．finally D．recently
C [根据“slowly moving forward”可知，“终于(finally)”轮到了作者。]
33．A．improved B．understood
C．observed D．recognised
D [根据“They called this ‘Chinese’ lunch”可知，作者几乎不“认识(recognised)”盘子里的东西，只能困惑地坐在那里。]
34．A．seen B．missed
C．used D．read
A [作者不明白既然这些食物被称作“中式”午餐，自己为什么之前从未“见过(seen)”。]
35．A．introduction B．solution
C．instruction D．application
A [作者后来才意识到那最初的几口饭是作者对加拿大式中国菜的“首次体验(introduction)”。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shanghai has 36.________population of 5.5 million residents aged 60 and above, accounting for 25 percent of the total population.How to improve their quality of life, especially those senior citizens with the problem of dysmnesia (记忆障碍), is a great challenge for the local government.
Happily, the Memory Café in Pudong 37.______(find) its way by now to help the senior residents in local communities by organising interactive activities to fight dysmnesia 38.________(proper)．
The café， launched last November, now has 18 regular senior volunteers 39.________ range between 70 and 82 years of age.Volunteers in the café are trained to be receptionists, cashiers or baristas (咖啡师)．Every week they come to the coffee shop at 40.________(fix) schedule for training.The Memory Café is reportedly China's first of its kind 41.______(target) elderly people with cognitive (认知的) disabilities.
“Before joining the café volunteer program, what I did most every day was watch TV.I 42.________(feel) lonely and afraid when realising I couldn't remember things well，” 73-year-old Peng Mingxiang said.“In the café， there are many people my age, 43.________whom I make friends and share the experience of getting older.I am becoming braver and more optimistic.When I serve customers, even though I am slow or even serve the wrong coffee, young people are 44.________(understand), which makes me feel good and respected，” Peng added.
Many customers have a 45.________(prefer) for such a charitable shop as the Memory Café， which pioneers anti-dysmnesia efforts for seniors and wins public support.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浦东的记忆咖啡馆目前已经找到了方法来帮助当地社区的老年人，他们通过组织互动活动来恰当地抵抗记忆障碍。
36．a [考查冠词。句意：上海有550万60岁以上的老人，占据总人口的25%。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里考查固定搭配have a population of，表示“有……人口”。故填a。]
37．has found [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：令人高兴的是，浦东的记忆咖啡馆目前已经找到了方法来帮助当地社区的老年人，他们是通过组织互动活动来适当地抵抗记忆障碍。分析句子可知，提示词是句子的谓语动词，与主语the Memory Café之间是主动关系，根据时间状语by now可知，应用现在完成时，主语the Memory Café是单数名词，所以助动词也应用单数形式has。故填has found。]
38．properly [考查副词。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里用副词修饰动词fight。故填properly。]
39．that/who [考查定语从句。句意：去年11月创办的咖啡馆现在有18个固定的老年志愿者，他们是70至82岁不等的老年人。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里考查限制性定语从句，先行词是volunteers，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who引导该定语从句。故填that/who。]
40．fixed [考查形容词。句意：每周，他们都会在固定的时间来咖啡店培训。提示词修饰名词schedule，应用其同根形容词fixed作定语，意为“固定的”。故填fixed。]
41．to target [考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，记忆咖啡馆是中国以认知有缺陷的老年人为目标的这类咖啡馆的先例。序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to target。]
42．felt [考查时态。句意：当意识到我记不住东西时，我感到很孤独，也很害怕。分析句子可知，提示词是句子的谓语动词，根据语境，回忆往事，用一般过去时态。故填felt。]
43．with [考查介词。句意：在这个咖啡馆，有许多同龄人，我和他们交朋友，分享变老的经历。分析句子可知，“______ whom I make friends and share the experience of getting older”是定语从句，修饰先行词many people，先行词作定语从句中make friends with和share...with的宾语，从句中介词with缺失，可前置构成“介词＋whom”结构引导定语从句。故填with。 ]
44．understanding [考查形容词。句意：当我为客人服务时，尽管我行动缓慢甚至上错咖啡，年轻人也都理解，这让我感觉很好并被尊重。根据句意和空前的are可知，应使用形容词understanding作表语，表示“通情达理的，善解人意的”。故填understanding。]
45．preference [考查名词。句意：许多顾客对这个乐善好施的记忆咖啡馆很偏爱，它走在了为老年人抵制记忆障碍的前列，并赢得了大众的支持。固定短语have a preference for表示“更喜欢，对……有偏好”，用名词preference作宾语。故填preference。]
第三部分 写作
第一节
假定你是李华，你的交换生好友 Terry 打算利用假期参观中国历史文化古迹，他发来邮件让你推荐最佳去处。请给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.推荐的文化遗址简介；
2.推荐的理由。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Terry，
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Wish you a good time!
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Terry,
I'm delighted to know that you're going to visit some historic sites in China.
I highly recommend the Forbidden City, the Chinese imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Actually, it is not only a great architectural masterpiece, but it also houses a collection of more than 1.8 million pieces of art.Besides, the Forbidden City was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1987, and has attracted millions of tourists since its opening to the public.You won't regret it if you visit the Forbidden City.
Wish you a good time！
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sarah Elkins is a 28-year-old woman living in Phoenix.When she was a teenager, she often volunteered at local animal shelters to help homeless animals.She loved and still loves animals very much.
After graduating from college, she found work at a small company and worked there for five years.About four months ago, she found a new job in a large company.Working there was much more challenging and she was often stressed.She wanted to keep a dog as a pet, but she knew she had to give up the idea because she had no time to take care of it.
Each day as Elkins headed for work, she would always notice a lovely dog hanging out in a yard right near her office.She really loved the dog and wished she had such a dog.The dog seemed to like her too.Every time he saw her, he seemed so excited.At first, Elkins just smiled at the dog.As time went by, she sometimes stopped in front of the dog.She started telling him he was a pretty boy, and soon he started sticking his nose through the fence and wagging (摇摆) his tail, but she never wanted to intrude (闯入) into his space.
Of course, Elkins wanted to pet the dog, but she never saw the owner of the dog out with him, and didn't want to pet the sweet dog without permission.She was afraid she would be in trouble.After all, not all people allowed their dogs to be petted by a stranger.
One day, Elkins was on a break from work and went outside to take a walk. She was having a particularly tough day.The dog was there as usual.He saw Elkins come out of her office door and greeted her at the gate of his yard with a full body wag and a smile.As soon as Elkins saw the sweet dog staring at her from the yard, she knew she had to find a way to get permission to pet him.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Elkins thought for a while and then decided to make a sign.________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The next morning, she went to work early.______________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Elkins thought for a while and then decided to make a sign. She immediately ran back to her office and printed a sign, on which she wrote, “I love your dog.He's so cute.May I pet him, please？” She then came out with it and hung it inside the gate of the yard, so that the owner of the dog would be sure to see it.She felt a little nervous and hoped the answer would be “yes”．With a beating heart, she said goodbye to the dog and went back to work.
The next morning, she went to work early. In this way she could check for a response.When she got close, she found a note waiting for her.She quickly ran towards it, and found that the note said “Of course”．It also mentioned that the dog's name was Cookie.Elkins was so excited that after months of waiting, she was finally able to pet the dog and give him so much love.Now Elkins stops to pet the dog every morning and any other time she sees him.And they have become good friends.Section Ⅲ Developing ideas—Reading
1．a Greek temple一座希腊的寺院
2．a wonderful tune一支优美的曲子
3．without any prior warning 没有任何事先的警告
4．a musical genius一位音乐天才
5．enormous and colorful signs 巨大而多彩的标志
1．history n．历史→historian n．历史学家→historic adj.有历史意义的→historical adj.(有关)历史的
2．king n．国王→kingdom n．王国→kingship n．国王身份；王位
1．prior to 在……之前，先于……
2．be exposed to 接触；暴露于；面临
3．be determined to do... 决心做……
4．keep a close eye on 密切关注
5．on the whole 从整体上说
6．strike a chord 引起共鸣；打动心弦
1．[句型公式] the first time引导时间状语从句
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it，and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.
我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。
2．[句型公式] 无生命名词作主语
Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received.
每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。
①be familiar to 为……所熟悉
②Sinologist n．汉学家
③translator n．翻译，译员
translate v．翻译
translation n．翻译
④fall in love with 爱上
⑤be amazed by 对……感到惊讶
⑥tune n．曲调，旋律
theme tune 主题曲
⑦inspire v．激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspiration n．灵感
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的；启发灵感的
⑧academic major 学术专业
⑨prior adj.先前的；较早的
prior to 在……之前，先于……
⑩be exposed to 接触；暴露于；面临
encounter n．相遇，邂逅
genius n．天才，天赋
have a profound effect on...对……有深远的影响
passion n．热情；激情
stimulating adj.激励人心的； 趣味盎然的
stimulate v．促进；激发；激励
particularly adv.尤其，特别
be determined to do...决心做……
translate... into...把……翻译成……
respected adj.受人尊敬的
respect n．& v．尊敬
respectable adj.可敬的
work on 致力于
go with 伴随；与……相伴而生
keep a close eye on 密切关注
best-seller 畅销品；畅销书
publish v．出版
publisher n．出版人(或机构)
publishing n．出版(业)，发行(业)
on the whole从整体上说
limited adj.有限的
significance n．意义，重要性
significant adj.重要的
be highly thought of 被高度赞扬
reflect v．反映
be closely connected 联系密切
have... in common 有相同之处
strike a chord 引起共鸣；打动心弦
READING CHINA
The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to① us all.But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received Today, four Sinologists② and translators③share their experience of Chinese literature with us.They are：
Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
Joachim, aged 25 from France
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
Q1：How did you get interested in Chinese literature？
Petko：[1] It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with④ China.I was amazed by⑤ Chinese kung fu, of course—everyone loves kung fu, don't they I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I liked Chinese music, too—I just loved the movie's theme tune⑥， Song of the Shepherd.
[1] 本句为复合句，I watched为省略了that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词movie; when I was a boy 为时间状语从句。
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age.When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired⑦ me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major⑧ at university.
Joachim: When I was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian.Prior⑨ to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to⑩ were Homer's epic poems.Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature.After reading it, I realised the true genius of China's “Grand Historian”， Sima Qian.His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
Mai: I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator.Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.
Q2: How do you select works to translate？
Petko: I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties.[2] I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.[3] Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
[2]本句为复合句，the first time 引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
[3]本句为复合句，now that 引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为，既然”。
Annelous: [4] In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition, publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there.I've so far translated the writings of Han Han, and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.
[4]本句为复合句，which works of Chinese literature get translated为which引导的名词性从句，作as to 的宾语。
Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in.I've translated several short stories by Mo Yan.Right now, I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.
Mai: I don't care if a writer is popular or not.What interests me most is the work itself.I've translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin.I also keep a close eye on what's being self-published online by new, young authors—they have some good ideas.
Q3：Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country？
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1，000 copies in Bulgaria.[5] When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
[5]本句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句；that 引导宾语从句；a writer can usually hope for为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the best; to sell a few hundred copies of their work为动词不定式短语作表语。
Annelous: [6] Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received.The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China.On the whole ， I do have to admit that here, people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited .
[6]本句为简单句，主语为each year，为无生命名词作主语。
Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France.Mo Yan was already hugely popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature.Literature has a lot of significance to the French, and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of .
Mai: Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience.A couple of good examples of this are “Fond Memories of Autumn” by Shi Tiesheng and “Street Scene” by Zhou Guoping.I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common .Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
解读中国
我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品？这些作品受到怎样的评价？今天，四位汉学家、翻译家将给我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历。他们是：
佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚
安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰
若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国
马伊，28岁，来自埃及
问题1：你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的？
佩特科：一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫《少林寺》的电影说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服——人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗？我还觉得中文听起来那么美，我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐——我特别喜欢这部电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》。
安妮鲁斯：我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这激励我在大学选择了汉学专业。
若阿基姆：我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的才华。他的文章对我影响很大，激发了我对中国文学的热情。
马伊：我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐对中国文学产生了兴趣。埃及大多数文学译作来自英语国家，所以读中国文学作品使人兴奋，也鼓舞人心。
问题2：你是如何选择作品来翻译的？
佩特科：我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。现在这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标就是翻译《三国演义》。
安妮鲁斯：在荷兰，声望高的汉学家的意见很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参考其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了韩寒的作品，现在正在翻译徐则臣的作品。
若阿基姆：我只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译了莫言的几篇短篇小说。现在，我正在研究20世纪初上海的流行文学。
马伊：我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。
问题3：中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎？
佩特科：《三十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。在保加利亚，作者通常最期待的是自己的作品卖几百本，《三十六计》在保加利亚是畅销书！
安妮鲁斯：每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。购买和阅读这些书籍的人想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。
若阿基姆：莫言和余华的小说在法国卖得很好。莫言原本已经非常受欢迎，在获得诺贝尔奖文学奖后就更受欢迎了。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高评价。
马伊：埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。
1．What is the main idea of the text
A．The Chinese works popular in foreign countries.
B．The interest in Chinese literature.
C．The translation of Chinese literature.
D．The different views of foreigners on Chinese literature.
[答案] D
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What factors in the film The Shaolin Temple made Petko like Chinese literature
A．Chinese kung fu.
B．The Chinese language.
C．Chinese music.
D．All above.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true about Annelous
A．She is translating the works of Xu Zechen.
B．She thinks the Dutch know very little about Chinese literature.
C．A trip to China inspired her to learn Chinese.
D．She took Chinese as her academic major at university.
3．What does “this” mean in the sentence “I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature”？
A．Sima Qian's Shi Ji.
B．Homer's epic poems.
C．Sima Qian's personality.
D．Sima Qian's writing style.
4．From the description of Mai，we know that________．
A．most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the Arabic-speaking world
B．Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience
C．Egypt and China have little in common because they are so far apart
D．Egyptian literature strikes a chord in the hearts of Chinese readers
[答案] 1～4 DCAB
1．tune n．曲调，旋律 v．为……调音；调整
(1)in tune (with...) (与……)合拍；(与……)一致
out of tune (with...) (与……)不合拍；(与……)不一致
(2)tune in (to...) 收看；收听
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject.
②Again we are very grateful that you've tuned in to this broadcast.
③他的讲话与我们的关注点完全不相关。
His speech was completely out of tune with our concerns.
2．prior adj.先前的；较早的
(1)prior to 在……之前，先于……
(2)priority n. 优先(权)；优先考虑的事
give priority to 优先考虑，给予……优先权
have/take priority over 较……享有优先权
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.
②The government is giving priority to school leavers in its job-creation programme.
③你离开之前一切都要安排好。
All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure．
3．be exposed to 接触；暴露于；面临
(1)expose v. 暴露
expose sb./sth.(to sth.) 使某人/某物面临/遭受(危险或不快)
(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
(3)exposure n. 面临，遭受(危险或不快)；揭露
get exposure to 接触到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①This can be a great chance to get exposure (expose) to more people.
②Because of the tracking of some entertainment reporters, many stars' private lives are exposed to the public.
③在阳光下暴晒很容易使你晒伤。
Being exposed to direct sunlight too much can easily get you sunburnt.
4．keep an eye on留意；注意；照看
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
have an eye for 能欣赏……；对……有眼光
turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To our surprise，the headmaster turned a blind eye to the bad behaviour of his pupils.
②Though he majors in science，he has an eye for art and literature.
③外出时我们已经请邻居们替我们看家。
We've asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
重点句式1 the first time引导时间状语从句
(教材P43) I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.
我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。
[句式分析]
the first time意为“第一次……时”，是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I came here, I got caught in the extremely bad weather.
我第一次来到这里，就遇到了极度恶劣的天气。
for the first time 第一次(不能引导从句)
It is/was the first/second...time that sb.has/had done sth.
这是某人第一/二……次做某事。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我第一次犯这个错误时，老师原谅了我。
The first time I made this mistake，the teacher forgave me.
②这是我第一次听说这件事。
This is the first time that I have heard of it．
③当我们第一次遇到某个人的时候，我们应该如何表现？
How should we behave when we meet someone for the first time
重点句式2 无生命名词作主语
(教材P44)Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received.
每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。
[句式分析]
本句中see用作及物动词，意为“见证；目睹；经历”，each year为无生命名词作主语。
Shanghai saw many great historical events.
上海发生了许多重大的历史事件。
无生命名词作主语，用来增添语言色彩，可分为以下几类：
(1)以时间、地点等名词作主语，常用see, find, witness等动词作句子的谓语，表示发生某情况，经历或经受了某事。
(2)表示生理、心理状态的名词或表示某种遭遇的名词(如word, anger, faith, melancholy, idea, courage, desire等)作主语，用visit, fail, desert, escape, seize等动词作句子的谓语。
(3)具有行为和动作意义的名词作主语，常用使役动词(如remind, make, let等)作句子的谓语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Our country has seen (see) many great changes in the past 20 years.
②Several times I almost brought myself to the point of speaking to him，then my courage failed (fail) me.
③Many new advances in medical research have occurred in the past decade.
→The past decade has witnessed many new advances in medical research.(无生命名词作主语)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is hard-working and able, but no genius(天才)．
2．It was one of the richest towns in the kingdom(王国)．
3．The team made an enormous(巨大的) effort to fight against the disease.
4．That's so pleasant a tune(曲调) that many people like it.
5．She is a writer as well as an outstanding modern historian(历史学家)．
6．I shall have to refuse your invitation because of a prior (先前的)engagement.
7．Many temples (庙宇) were built in the Tang Dynasty.
Ⅱ.选词填空
strike a chord, be exposed to, prior to, be determined to, keep a close eye on
1．A man seen hanging around the area prior to the shooting could have been involved.
2．Cell phones can be exposed to extreme temperatures and weather conditions.
3．The audience thought highly of the speaker and, obviously, he had struck a chord with them.
4．We are determined to get the work done ahead of schedule.
5．He asked us to keep a close eye on the developments in the investigation.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Four Sinologists and 1.translators (translator) share their experience of Chinese literature with us.The reasons 2.why they like Chinese literature vary from person to person.Petko got interested in Chinese literature because of a movie 3.called (call) The Shaolin Temple.He has translated Dream of the Red Chamber into Bulgarian.Annelous's experience of 4.reading(read) books about Chinese history and culture inspired her 5.to choose (choose) Chinese Studies as her major at university.In her country, the decision about which works will be translated is largely 6.influenced(influence) by respected Sinologists.As for Joachim, he was exposed 7.to Shi Ji at the age of 15.And this book had a profound effect on him.Mai thinks that reading Chinese literature is a stimulating and 8.inspiring(inspire) experience.He also thinks that Egypt and China are 9.closely (close) connected.Apart from works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin, he also keeps 10.an eye on works by new, young authors.
课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Someone who continually studies and writes about history is known as a historian (history)．
2．People in Tibet can tune in to the Central People's Broadcasting Station every day to listen to programs in the Tibetan language.
3．Those factories which started in with small capital have grown enormously (enormous) in the past few years.
4．No doubt he must have called her prior to his departure.
5．Keep an eye on him because we'll get into trouble if anything happens.
6．The young designer is highly (high) thought of in the company.
7．His dream of going to college came (come) true at last.
8．I am exposed (expose) to the thoughts of some of the world's best writers.
9．Your habits have a profound effect on the quality of your life.
10．National Day saw (see) people singing and dancing happily in the streets.They were all very cheerful.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Every week in China，millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero，which is a Chinese-style spelling bee(拼写大赛)．In this challenge，young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand.To prepare for the competition，the competitors usually spend months studying dictionaries.
Perhaps the show's popularity should not be a surprise.Along with gunpowder and paper，many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy(书法)to be one of their primary contributions to civilization.Unfortunately, all over the country，Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smartphones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet.The correct character is chosen from a list.The result？It's possible to recognise characters without remembering how to write them.
But there's still hope for the paintbrush.China's Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write.
In one Beijing primary school we visited，students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls.Soft music plays as a group of six-year-olds dip brush pens into black ink.They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher's examples before carefully attempting to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper.“If adults can survive without using handwriting，why bother to teach it now？” we ask the calligraphy teacher，Shen Bin.“The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture，” she answers.“Students must learn now so they don't forget when they grow up，” says the teacher.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。作者通过叙述汉字拼写大赛谈到了汉字拼写的现状。
1．Which of the following is closest to the underlined sentence in paragraph 2
A．Every Chinese can write Chinese characters easily, especially with computers.
B．Despite the help of computers，Chinese people have forgotten how to write.
C．Computers are the only means to rely on to write Chinese characters for many people.
D．Only with the help of computers can some Chinese people write Chinese characters.
D [句意猜测题。根据第二段中的“Software on smartphones and computers allows users...without remembering how to write them.”可知，智能手机和电脑上的软件允许用户使用拉丁字母输入汉字的基本发音(拼音)，从列表中选择正确的字。结果呢？有可能在不记得怎么写的情况下识别出汉字。因此画线句子的意思是“只有借助电脑，一些中国人才能写出汉字。”故选D。]
2．What can we learn about the Character Hero
A．It's open to people of all ages and all walks.
B．It draws great public attention across the country.
C．It's the most-viewed TV program in China.
D．It aims to spread Chinese culture to the world.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero，which is a Chinese-style spelling bee.”可知，在中国，每周都有数百万人坐在电视机前观看青少年争夺汉字英雄的称号，这是一个中国汉字拼写比赛。由于每周许多人看汉字拼写大赛，所以判断它很吸引公众的注意。故选B。]
3．Why are Chinese people forgetting how to write the characters
A．Chinese people don't refer to dictionaries very often.
B．Chinese people needn't write by hand as often with the help of technology.
C．Chinese people no longer use brush pens or practice calligraphy.
D．Chinese people are using the Latin alphabet instead of the characters.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Software on smartphones and computers allows users to...without remembering how to write them.”可知，中国人忘记如何写汉字是因为手机和电脑中的软件依据拉丁字母的拼写而提供汉字选择表，从而不需要人们用手书写。故选B。]
4．What does Shen Bin think of the ability to write characters by hand
A．It's necessary for adults to survive in China.
B．It's a requirement made by the Education Ministry.
C．It's an ability to be developed only when you are students.
D．It's helpful to keep Chinese tradition and culture alive.
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture”以及“Students must learn now so they don't forget when they grow up”可知，书写是中华传统和文化的一部分，学生现在必须学会，否则长大了就会忘记，故选D。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
The sky was getting dark as we walked through the forest.My two friends and I were heading for a small village in northern India.The villagers were 1 us, but we were already four hours late.
We tried to find our way to the village in the darkness.All around us, strange creatures made 2 noises as they woke up and began to hunt for food.We hoped they wouldn't want to eat us!
Then George, who was in front, 3 suddenly.He ran towards us rapidly, pointing at a large, dark shape moving through the trees.We could 4 the black stripes (条纹) and shining yellow eyes of the most dangerous animal in the 5 ．We stared at the tiger, too frightened to move.
After a few seconds that 6 like hours, there was the sound of branches breaking, and the tiger jumped at us, roaring (咆哮) loudly.We 7 because we were sure it would kill us. 8 ，though, the tiger stopped —and then I noticed that it had six legs, two of them human's!
The “tiger” stood up, and a young man 9 the striped skin covering his head and shoulders.“Hello！” he said, smiling broadly.“I'm Abi from the village.When you didn't 10 ，we were worried, so I came to 11 you，” he explained.“It's traditional for us to 12 the tiger skin to greet new guests and I couldn't help playing a trick on you! I hope you don't 13 ．”
Recovering from the 14 ，we began to laugh.We 15 Abi to his village, where the villagers gave us a warm welcome.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友们在印度森林中遇到一只“老虎”向他们扑过来，惊恐万分。后来发现是虚惊一场，得知那是当地的习俗，人们穿着老虎皮迎接新的客人。
1．A．expecting B．doubting
C．accepting D．believing
A [由最后一段的“We ______Abi to his village, where the villagers gave us a warm welcome.”可知，村民们正期盼着他们。]
2．A．funny B．impolite
C．frightening D．encouraging
C [句意：我们周围到处都是一些奇怪的生物，它们醒来开始觅食，发出令人恐惧的声音。]
3．A．started B．stopped
C．smiled D．changed
B [由“He ran towards us rapidly, pointing at a large, dark shape moving through the trees.”可知，前面的George突然停下了。]
4．A．see B．forget
C．miss D．imagine
A [句意：我们看到了森林中最危险的动物，它有着黑色条纹和闪光的黄色眼睛。]
5．A．zoo B．forest
C．garden D．house
B [句意见上题解析。]
6．A．looked B．sounded
C．smelt D．felt
D [此处指在过了感觉就像几个小时的几秒钟之后。]
7．A．laughed B．begged
C．shouted D．argued
C [老虎朝作者他们扑过来，他们自然是吓得大喊。]
8．A．Immediately B．Unluckily
C．Secretly D．Strangely
D [这只老虎停下了，作者发现它长了六条腿，有两条腿是人腿，这很奇怪。]
9．A．tried on B．took off
C．threw away D．brought out
B [一位年轻人脱掉了有条纹的老虎皮。]
10．A．wait B．follow
C．arrive D．leave
C [根据第一段的“but we were already four hours late”可知，此处意为“你们没有到，我们很担心，所以我来找你们。”]
11．A．look for B．look after
C．look at D．look to
A [句意见上题解析。]
12．A．send B．wear
C．cut D．wave
B [此处指穿着老虎皮迎接新的客人，是当地的传统。]
13．A．mind B．fail
C．work D．remember
A [由“and I couldn't help playing a trick on you”可知，此处表示希望不要介意。]
14．A．pain B．injury
C．shock D．accident
C [刚才作者以为遇到了老虎，所以此处指从震惊中回过神来，开始大笑。]
15．A．led B．sent
C．followed D．invited
C [Abi是来迎接他们的村民，所以他们跟着Abi去了村子。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
Dunhuang Sand Painting—
A Call to Cherish (珍惜) Art
Dunhuang, an ancient Chinese city on the Silk Road, has 1.________ number of historical attractions and the world's most treasured grotto (石窟) art.
Recently, a sand painting was finished at Mount Mingsha, 2.________ (make) a sharp contrast to the surrounding desert.As the sun rose and set，the painting gradually faded away within a day after 3.________ (remove) canvas (画布) over the painting.
This work was accomplished by a young team of 4.________ (artist) led by Liu Jie, an expert in solid colour sand painting.He 5.________ (hope) the unique piece would remind people that art could easily fade away without proper protection, and said that the great culture of Dunhuang should be protected carefully.
“It is very meaningful to be part of this campaign to raise awareness.Hopefully, watching the 6.________(disappear) of the painted sand can motivate a desire to cherish what is precious and translate it 7.________ action，” Liu said.
The good news is 8.________scientists as well as visiting scholars from across the world are drawn to the caves.Thanks to international cooperation and advanced technology, Mogao Grottoes' relics have been 9.________(successful)preserved.All these show how Mogao Grottoes has built bridges of common understanding and share its 10.________(culture) heritage with the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了素色沙画专家刘杰带领的年轻艺术家团队在鸣沙山完成了一幅沙画，以呼吁人们行动起来保护伟大的敦煌文化。
1．a [考查固定短语。句意：敦煌，丝绸之路上的中国古城，有许多历史景点和世界上最珍贵的石窟艺术。根据空后的“historical attractions and the world's most treasured grotto art”可知，此处表示“许多”。a number of表示“许多”，故填a。]
2．making [考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一幅沙画在鸣沙山完成，与周围的沙漠形成鲜明对比。分析句子结构可知，此处使用非谓语动词，a sand painting与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用动词-ing形式作结果状语，故填making。]
3．removing [考查非谓语动词。句意：随着日出和日落，在将画布移开后的一天内，这幅画就逐渐褪去了。介词after后接动词-ing形式作宾语，故填removing。]
4．artists [考查名词复数。句意：这幅作品是由素色沙画专家刘杰带领的年轻艺术家团队完成的。a team of表示“一组/队……”，其后接可数名词复数，故填artists。]
5．hoped [考查时态。句意：他希望这件独特的作品能提醒人们，如果没有适当的保护，艺术很容易消失，并说伟大的敦煌文化应该受到仔细地保护。陈述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，空后的“said”也是提示，故填hoped。]
6．disappearance [考查名词。句意：刘杰说：“参加这次提高人们意识的活动是非常有意义的。我希望看着沙画消失的过程能够唤醒人们珍惜宝贵艺术的渴望，并将其转化为行动。”空处作watching的宾语，用名词，表示抽象意义，不可数，故填disappearance。]
7．into [考查动词短语。根据空前的“motivate a desire to cherish what is precious”可知，此处表示“转化为”。translate...into...表示“将……转化为……”，故填into。]
8．that [考查表语从句。句意：好消息是来自世界各地的科学家和访问学者都被石窟吸引。此处为表语从句，从句成分完整，用that起连接作用，无实义，故填that。]
9．successfully [考查副词。句意：多亏了国际合作和先进技术，莫高窟的文物成功地得到了保护。修饰动词preserved用副词，故填successfully。]
10．cultural [考查形容词。句意：这些表明了莫高窟是如何与世界各国架起相互理解的桥梁的，并分享了它的文化遗产。修饰名词heritage用形容词，故填cultural。]核心单词 gateway, statue, peak, strengthen, coverage, scholar, department, institute, temple, tune, historian, prior, genius, kingdom, enormous
重点短语 in detail, date from, seal up, bring... to life, to name just a few, fade from, give an account of, prior to, be exposed to，be determined to do...，keep a close eye on, on the whole, strike a chord
重点句型 1.with复合结构 2.the first time引导时间状语从句 3.无生命名词作主语
单元语法 复习状语从句
话题任务 写一篇推荐文化圣地的文章
Section Ⅰ Understanding ideas
1．the gateway to Europe通向欧洲的门户
2．a bronze statue 一尊铜塑像
3．reach a peak 达到一个顶峰
1．strength n．力气；体力→strengthen v．加强
2．cover v．覆盖 n．覆盖物；封面→coverage n．覆盖范围
1．in detail 详细地
2．date from 起源于，追溯到
3．seal up 封闭，密封
4．bring...to life 使复活，使苏醒
5．to name just a few 仅举几例
6．fade from 从……中淡出
[句型公式] with复合结构
The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky， with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
①gateway n．通向……的门户
②to and from 往返；来回
③oasis n．(沙漠中的)绿洲
④glorious adj.辉煌的
⑤represent v．体现； 代表
⑥cultural and commercial exchange 文化和商业交流
⑦boast v．(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物)
⑧UNESCO 联合国教科文组织
⑨be carved out of 由……雕刻而成
⑩testimony n．证据；证明
be testimony to ……的证据/证明
statue n．雕像；塑像
element n．元素
mural n．壁画
astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的
cover an area of 占地……
religious adj.宗教的
vary from...to...从……到……不同
unique adj.独特的，特有的
Flying Immortals 飞仙
depict v．描绘；描画
musical instrument 乐器
peak n．高峰，顶点
extraordinary adj.意想不到的；不平常的
Taoist priest 道士
sealed cave 封闭的洞穴
scroll n．纸卷，卷轴
throw n．投掷的距离；抛，扔
date from 追溯到
ceramics n．陶瓷制品
seal up 封闭；密封
fade from 从……中(逐渐)消失
bring...to life 使……复苏
crossroads n．活动中心，汇集地
given that 考虑到，鉴于
strengthen v．加强
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
Welcome to Dunhuang! [1]On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway① to and from②Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis③ of Dunhuang ahead of them.
[1]本句为复合句，the gateway to and from Ancient China和a place where East met West以及a green island in the middle of the desert为并列表语；a place where East met West中又包含where引导的定语从句。
Dunhuang's long and glorious④history represents⑤ its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥.Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting⑦ sites with UNESCO⑧-protected heritage status.Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, of which there are more than 700.[2] Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of⑨ the rock over a period of 1，000 years.If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony⑩ to how the Silk Road brought East and West together.Look at these statues ！ You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran.Now look around the walls of the e a little bit closer so that you can get a better view.Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45，000 square metres.
[2]本句为简单句，known as the Mogao Grottoes为过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语为these ancient caves。
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals ”．Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.Take a look at this mural.[3] The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one.Move over here where you can see it in more detail.The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments ， dancing and throwing flowers.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty；these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
[3]本句为复合句， with their scarves flying为with复合结构作状语， as if 引导方式状语从句。
Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century.In a sealed cave ， now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls ， as well as silk embroideries.We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly—the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from here.Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics ， medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few.The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city.However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.[4]Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
[4]本句为复合句， even though 引导让步状语从句。
This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
Now let's move on to the next cave...
欢迎来到敦煌！
欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中央的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将会是怎样的。
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业交流中心的重要性。如今，敦煌是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画！它们的面积有45 000平方米，非常惊人。
敦煌壁画的主题多种多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。
1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来？这至今仍是个谜。
明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．The Belt and Road Initiative.
B．The social status of Dunhuang in ancient and modern history.
C．How the famous Library Cave was found.
D．The importance of the old Silk Road.
[答案] B
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Where does the text probably come from
A．Science reports.
B．Tourism guidance.
C．Sports reports.
D．Family life section.
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．Dunhuang has over 700 years old.
B．Dunhuang has always been a world-class tourist destination.
C．The ancient caves of the Mogao Grottoes have existed for 1，000 years.
D．The statues in the caves contain many elements.
3．When was the painting of Apsaras the highest level
A．The Tang Dynasty. B．The Ming Dynasty.
C．In the 1900s. D．Since 2017.
4．Why was Dunhuang less prosperous than before
A．Because the trade routes changed.
B．Because it became deserts gradually.
C．Because Europe and Asia had no trade.
D．Because people were no longer interested in it.
[答案] 1～4 BDAA
细读课文并找出景色描写的句子
1. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
2．The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers.
1．in detail详细地；全面地描述或解释
(1)for further details 欲知更详细的情况
go/enter into detail(s) 详述
(2)detailed adj. 详细的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If you are interested in the Expo, please keep in touch for further details.
②He gave a detailed (detail) account of his possessions stolen on the fateful night.
③在之后的几节中，我们将详细讨论这些短语。
We will discuss these phrases in detail in the following sections.
2．date from追溯到；始于
date back to 追溯到，始于
set a date for... 确定……的日期
up to date 最新式的；现代的
be up to date with 跟上；与时俱进
out of date 过时的；过期的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The fact is that your passport has been out of date, so you can't use it.
②Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.
③这些画始于七世纪中叶，价值连城。
Dating from/back to the middle of the 7th century，the paintings are of great value.
[温馨提示] date from和date back to这两个短语，通常使用一般现在时，没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。另外，它们常用动词-ing形式作状语或后置定语。
3．to name just a few仅举几例
name after 以……命名
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
by the name of 名叫……的
in the name of 以……的名义；凭……的权威
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some places were named after the religious activities that used to go on at those places.
②I got to know a girl，Mary by name at the party.
③他们还将远远落后于比如冰岛、瑞典和新西兰这些国家。
They will be well behind—to name just a few—
Iceland, Sweden and New Zealand.
4．bring sth.(back) to life 使某物生动；使某物恢复生机
come back to life 苏醒过来
come to life 活跃起来
lead/live a... life 过着……的生活
lose one's life 丧命
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I love to watch everything come to life again in spring.
②The operation should enable Bobby to lead a normal life.
③Hundreds of people lost their lives (life) on the first day of the fighting.
④有才华的老师真的可以把文学教得生动有趣。
A gifted teacher can really bring literature to life for his or her students.
5．peak n．高峰，顶点 v．(使)达到高峰，达到最高值
peak season 旺季
peak hours 高峰期
at the peak of 在……的巅峰
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We saw a victory by an athlete at the peak of her fitness and career.
②Official figures show that unemployment peaked(peak) last November.
③在旺季旅馆价格会上涨。
Hotel prices rise during the peak season．
6．strengthen v．加强；变强
(1)strength n. 体力，力气；优势，优点；长处
build up one's strength 增强体力
(2)strong adj. 强壮的；强大的；强烈的
strongly adv. 强烈地；坚固地；强有力地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As a good teacher, you should know your students' strengths (strength) and weaknesses.
②To strengthen (strength) our friendship, we'd better keep in touch with each other.
③我们知道，体育锻炼有助于增强体力。
We know that physical exercise helps build up our strength．
重点句式 with复合结构
(教材P35) The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
[句式分析]
句中的“with their scarves flying”为with复合结构作伴随状语。
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开房间，所有的灯都亮着。
with复合结构在句中通常作定语或状语，作状语时表示条件、原因、方式和伴随等。
with＋名词/代词＋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With prices going (go) up, we can't afford a house.
②With everything she needed bought (buy), she went home happily.
③With a lot of homework to do (do), he refused the invitation.
④他习惯开着窗户睡觉。
He is used to sleeping with the windows open．
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Usually, traffic reaches its peak (顶点) between 8：00 and 9：00 in the morning.
2．Hainan is expected to be the country's major gateway (通向……的门户) to the rest of the world, especially South-East Asia.
3．History has led us to a new crossroads (十字路口), with new promise and new danger.
4．The move is clearly intended to strengthen (加强) the President's position as head of state.
5．I had had enough of art galleries, fountains, statues (雕像)，and palaces!
6．The most attractive point of GPS is its 100% coverage(覆盖范围)on the planet.
Ⅱ.选词填空
date from, to name just a few, fade from, seal up, at a crossroads
1．You'd better check the letter carefully before it is sealed up．
2．You must understand that we are at a crossroads．
3．It is a law dating from the 17th century.
4．We actively promote English learning, but we also promote other languages, such as Arabic, Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, and Urdu, to name just a few．
5．My childhood home will never fade from my memory.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．鉴于他一直表现很好，老师并没有因为这个错误责备他。(given that引导原因状语从句)
Given that he behaved well all the time，the teacher didn't blame him for the mistake.
2．约翰打开门。一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里。
John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.
3．大约两小时后，我们提着装满东西的篮子，带着疲惫但满足的表情走了出去。
About two hours later, with our baskets full，we went out, wearing tired but satisfied expressions.
4．他太喜欢这首歌而决定学唱这首歌。
He was so fond of the song that he decided to learn to sing it.
5．我是在青岛认识王小姐的，她待我就好像我是她的妹妹一样。
It was in Qingdao that I made the acquaintance of Miss Wang, who treats me as if I were her younger sister．
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
On the old Silk Road, Dunhuang was the gateway to and 1.from Ancient China.Today it is a world-class 2.tourist (tour) destination known for its Mogao Grottoes, where murals cover 3.an astonishing area of 45，000 square metres.The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious 4.stories (story) to scenes of everyday life.But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras.The Apsaras are depicted 5.sailing (sail) in the bright blue sky, with 6.their (they) scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.The famous Library Cave was found in 1900.7.Dating (date) from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures in the cave give us a picture of Dunhuang 8.when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes 9.changed (change) and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.Dunhuang has once again become a 10.global (globe) crossroads.
课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Paper-cutting, which is a traditional art form in our country， dating (date) from the Han Dynasty.
2．The story about him faded from the public eye by and by.
3．We watched the distant mountain peaks (peak) which were covered in mist.
4．The accident will strengthen (strength) the case for better safety measures in the playground.
5．We will work hard to ensure people from both urban and rural areas to enjoy health care coverage (cover)．
6．The man recalled his glorious (glory) memories of his championship-winning days.
7．It was so new, big and wonderful and such a heavenly (heaven) color.
8．The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
China Small Group Tours
Tour Route 1：11 Days Private Beijing－Lhasa－Xi'an－Shanghai
Tour Highlights：
Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors
Follow us on a Buddhist pilgrimage to Tibet & appreciate the profound culture
Have a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of Xi'an
View the soaring city skylines and feel the pulse of modern Shanghai
Price：$2, 459 per person
Tour Route 2: 11 Days Private Beijing－Xi'an－Chongqing－Yangtze River Cruise－Yichang－Shanghai
Tour Highlights：
Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors
Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi'an, or tour by electric car
Enjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River & feel totally relaxed
Price：$1, 879 per person
Tour Route 3: 12 Days Private Beijing－Shanghai－Xi'an－Guilin－Yangshuo－Hong Kong
Tour Highlights：
Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors
Experience the Bund, classical gardens, modern and old in contrast in Shanghai
Feel the lively atmosphere & explore busy markets freely in Hong Kong
Walk into a local family, learn to cook Chinese food & dine with the hosts in their home
Price：$2, 499 per person
Tour Route 4：12 Days Private Beijing－Xi'an－Chengdu－Guilin－Shanghai
Tour Highlights：
Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors, Giant Pandas
Come to Chengdu，the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creature
Cruise on the meandering Li River & admire Guilin landscape
Walk into a local Chinese family, interact & dine with the hosts in their home
Price：$2, 079 per person
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四条旅游路线。
1．What do Tour Route 1 and Tour Route 2 have in common
A．They have cycling activities.
B．They include a visit to Tibet.
C．Visitors enjoy the Three Gorges scenery.
D．Visitors pay the same amount of money.
A [细节理解题。根据Tour Route 1部分中的“Have a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of Xi'an”以及Tour Route 2部分中的“Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi'an”可知，这两条路线的共同之处是都有骑行活动，故选A。]
2．What is special about Tour Route 2
A．Tourists can travel by bike.
B．Tourists can visit a huge dam.
C．Tourists can dine with a family.
D．It is the most expensive of the four.
B [细节理解题。根据Tour Route 2部分中的“Enjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River”可知，在第2条旅行路线中你可以欣赏到长江三峡风光，也就是说第2条旅行路线的特别之处是你可以参观三峡大坝，故选B。]
3．Where can visitors enjoy China's rare animals
A．Tour Route 1. B．Tour Route 2.
C．Tour Route 3. D．Tour Route 4.
D [细节理解题。根据Tour Route 4部分中的“Come to Chengdu, the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creature”可知，在Tour Route 4中你可以看到中国的珍稀动物大熊猫，故选D。]
B
The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world.This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East, and allowed the exchange of goods, technology, and ideas between the two civilizations.Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.
The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an), the early Han capital.Travellers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's north-western provinces.After this, they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road.
The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert.Like other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travellers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travellers to rest, eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travellers who stopped there.Usually, the rest stops were placed within a day's journey of each other.In this way, travellers could avoid spending too much time in the desert, which would make them targets for robbers, another danger of the Silk Road.
Once through the Gobi Desert, travellers would continue their journey into Iran, Turkey, and finally Europe.Whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作为古代最著名的商道，古代丝绸之路可以让商人们挣钱，但也给他们带来种种风险。
4．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Making huge profits.
B．Travelling the Silk Road.
C．Exchanging goods and ideas.
D．Connecting different civilizations.
B [代词指代题。it所在句是一个主从复合句，前半句为让步状语从句，前后形成转折，表示尽管穿行丝绸之路的商人可以获得高收益，但这也不是没有危险的，且下文讲到的危险也都与行走在丝绸之路上相关，所以it指代的应该是“行走在丝绸之路上”，故选B。]
5．Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts
A．The desert's surface was easier to walk on.
B．Camels for transportation were easier to find.
C．It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D．There were more natural water sources available.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Gobi Desert...made it easier for traders to travel across”可知，戈壁滩之所以较好穿越是由于其地面较为坚硬、好走，故选A。]
6．What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert
A．Travellers were offered free accommodation.
B．They were located around the edges of the desert.
C．Travellers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D．They were shared by travellers from different countries.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travellers who stopped there.”可推知，休息处接待来自不同国家的旅客，故选D。]
7．What is the passage mainly about
A．The origins of the Silk Road.
B．The benefits of the Silk Road.
C．The difficulties faced by Silk Road travellers.
D．The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travellers.
C [主旨大意题。根据文章结构可知，作者在第一段给出了中心句“Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.”，在中间几段讲述了商旅们在戈壁滩面临的困难以及其他危险，最后一段再次强调即使过了戈壁滩，但还有其他危险等待着他们，故选C。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments. 1
Located in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point—Cormorant Island and Egg Island.
2 The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”．
Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs.
During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds, eggs can be found everywhere. 3 These have become a world famous symbol of the lake.
Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about bird protection to visitors. 4
5 In this way, they can prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' nest-building, egg-laying and breeding.As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
A．Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away.
B．Qinghai Lake has attracted visitors from all over the world.
C．At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area.
D．They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds.
E．It is necessary for us to live in harmony with nature and protect it positively.
F．Covering an area of over 4，000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt-water lake.
G．The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources to birds.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的鸟类来到青海湖，当地政府的保护措施使这个地方成为鸟类的天堂。
1．F [本段中第一次提到青海湖，所以在第一段中介绍青海湖的面积。故选F。]
2．G [上一段提到Cormorant Island和Egg Island这两个岛，空后面也提到islands。所以此处顺承上下文讲述这两个岛。故选G。]
3．A [空前一句提到，在这几个月里，成群的鸟覆盖了岛屿的整个天空，鸟蛋随处可见。空后一句提到，这些已经成为这个湖举世闻名的标志。所以空处表示“游客可以听到几英里外的鸟鸣。”故选A。]
4．D [空前一句提到，检查官员和管理人员经常在湖上巡逻，提高当地居民对相关法律的认识，并向游客传播有关鸟类保护的知识。所以空处表示“他们正在努力呼吁人们爱护和保护鸟类。”故选D。]
5．C [空后一句提到，通过这种方式，他们可以防止狼、狐狸和其他食肉动物，以及非法猎人破坏鸟类的筑巢、下蛋和繁殖。所以空处表示“与此同时，他们在岛屿周围建立了特殊的围栏。”故选C。]Section Ⅱ Using language
1．give an account of 描述
take... into account 把……考虑在内
on account of... 因为，由于
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She was told to wear flat shoes, on account of her back problem.
②She did very well on the test when you take into account how little she studied.
③我们决不能容忍对儿童的暴力行为。
On no account can we tolerate violence against children.
2．on the whole基本上，大体上；总的来说
进行总结时用以引出自己的观点或理由的表达，常见的有：
as a whole 总的来说
in general 通常，总的来说
to sum up 总之，概括地说
in short 简言之，总之
in summary 总之，概括起来
in a word 总之，简言之
in conclusion 总之，最后
in brief 简言之
to conclude 最后，总之
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When I look back on my life, what strikes me is that I have been as a whole a very lucky man, above all, lucky in my friends.
②In short, I like online reading more than paper reading.
③大体上，我赞成这个想法。
On the whole，I'm in favour of the idea.
P38
1．be mixed with 和……混合/结合
2．a French-born Chinese American cellist 一位出生于法国的华裔美国籍大提琴家
3．the fundamental purpose of Silkroad “丝绸之路”的根本宗旨
4．from across the globe 来自全世界
5．as a whole 从整体上
P39
1．China's High Speed Rail(HSR) 中国高铁
2．make a breakthrough 取得突破
3．give a reliable account of 为……提供可靠记载
4．translate... from... to 把……从……翻译成……
5．cultural exchange between China and other countries 中国和其他国家的文化交流
P40
1．show a strong interest in 对……有浓厚的兴趣
2．fondness for 对……的喜欢
3．be accepted into 被……录取
4．the Department of Foreign Languages 外文系
5．in addition to... 除……之外(还)
6．a number of 许多
7．be an expert in 在……方面是专家
8．make... accessible to... 使……更容易为……所了解
9．the Confucius Institute 孔子学院
10．a non-profit educational organisation 非营利性教育机构
11．aim to do 旨在做……
P41
1．work as a teacher 任教
2．at first 起初，刚开始
3．interact with 与……互动/交往
4．to sum up 总而言之
5．in short 简言之
复习状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1．when，while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 从句谓语动词 用法
when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……一边……；随着……”
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热时膨胀。
While/When I was reading，he came in.
我正在看书时，他进来了。
The students sang as they walked.
学生们边走边唱。
2．before与since引导的时间状语从句
(1)before与since的常用句式
It will be＋一段时间＋before...“过……(时间)才……”；It won't be long before...“不久就……”；It was＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……”；It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...“自从……以来……”。
It will be half a year before I come back.
我半年之后才回来。
It won't be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.
过了三天他才回来。
(2)在since引导的时间状语从句中，不论用非延续性动词、延续性动词还是状态动词的一般过去式，通常都表示动作或状态的完成或结束。
Great changes have taken place here since he left.
自从他离开以来，这里已经发生了很大的变化。
It's three years since we lived here.
我们住在这里有三年了。
He has written to me frequently since I was ill.
自从我生病以来他经常给我写信。
3．由as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than...等引导的时间状语从句
Directly you feel any pains，you must go to the doctor.
你一感觉疼痛就必须去看医生。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你一准备好，我们就出发。
[温馨提示] 在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当hardly/scarcely...或no sooner...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就开始哭了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们刚到火车站火车就开走了。
4．until与till引导的时间状语从句
连词 位置 用法
until 可以放在句首 not... until可用于强调句型
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步，一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始实验。
(1)not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.
直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。
(2)until/till引导的从句可用在为肯定句的主句后，主句的谓语是延续性动词；用在为否定句的主句后，主句的谓语是非延续性动词。
They waited till/until I returned.
他们一直等着我回来。
Don't leave until/till I come back.
我回来之前不要离开。
5．由after，whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last time，any time，by the time，the day/year等引导的时间状语从句
Every time I express an opinion，she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
By the time we got there，the rain had stopped.
等我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。
二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1．地点状语从句
where, wherever可引导地点状语从句。
We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
2．条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有if，unless, as/so long as, in case (万一)，on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设)等。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助谁？
3．在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时
In case there is a fire，what will we do first
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
三、原因状语从句
1．because/as/since/now that引导的原因状语从句
连词(短语) 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答 why 能否被 强调
because 主句前 或后 直接因 果关系 强 能 能
as 主句前 或后 双方都 知道的 原因 弱 不能 不能
since/ now that 通常位 于主句 前 人们已 经知道 的事实 弱 不能 不能
It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher.
就是因为他上课迟到了，老师才批评他。
I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Now that/Since everyone is here，we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2．when (既然), seeing that (鉴于，由于), considering that (考虑到), in that (因为)引导原因状语从句
The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.
这本书不同于那本，因为这本是关于化学的，而那本是关于历史的。
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
步行五分钟就能到那里，你却乘出租车，真够愚蠢的。
四、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1．in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could, may, might等连用
My father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that/in order that he might keep up with times.
我的父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代。
2．for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3．引导结果状语从句的常用从属连词有so... that..., such... that...等。在非正式语体中，由so... that..., such... that...引导的句子中的that可以省略
(1)这类从句的具体结构：
so＋
such＋
Mike is such an honest worker that(＝so honest a worker that) we all believe in him.
迈克是一个很诚实的工人，我们都信任他。
It is such good weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气非常好，我们都想去公园。
These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them.
这些问题很难，我们没人能回答。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣这么少的钱养不起家。
(2)为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.
他是一个非常聪明的学生，能够解出所有的难题。
[温馨提示] so... that...与such... that...用法助记：
名前such，形副so, that从句跟在后；
多多少少必用so，特别注意是little；
“小”用such, “少”用so。
五、让步状语从句
1．although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句
(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as引导让步状语从句时，只能用倒装语序，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have travelled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，却帮了我很大的忙。
Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.
不管怎样努力，他还是打不开那扇门。
[温馨提示] although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
(2)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能被解决。
2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though引导的让步状语从句可用虚拟语气或陈述语气。
I'll do it, even if/though it takes me the whole afternoon.
我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。
Even if/though I were in your place，I wouldn't take the job.
即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。
3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。
Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么，都不要相信他。
[温馨提示] whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4．whether... or (not)．..引导的让步状语从句
whether... or...意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
六、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as，as if, as though引导。
They did as I had asked.
他们是按我的要求做的。
He behaved as if/as though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
七、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as... as，not as/so... as，than引导。
She is as good an actress as she is a singer.
她当演员和当歌手都一样出色。
Nobody understand the situation better than you (do)．
谁也不如你了解情况。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
2．It will be at least two months before we meet again.
3．I have heard lots of good things about you since I came back from abroad.
4．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.
5．If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
6．Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
7．I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
8．Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
9．She is so pretty a girl that everyone likes her.
10．Hard as/though she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．不管任务多么艰巨，我们都会尽力按时完成。
No matter how/However difficult the task may be，we will try our best to complete it on time.
2．这个周末之前我们不要摘这些桃子，这样它们吃起来足够甜。
Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten．
3．你必须试着像我这样拿工具。
You must try to hold the tool as I do．
4．那个男孩环顾四周，好像在寻找什么东西似的。
The boy looked around as if he was in search of something．
5．我一看到她，就知道出事了。
The moment/As soon as/ Immediately I saw her，I knew there was something wrong.
