Section Ⅱ Using language
1．discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视；偏袒
(1)discriminate against 歧视，偏袒
discriminate between... and... 区分/辨别……和……
discriminate... from... 将……与……区别开
(2)discrimination n. 区别对待，歧视，偏袒
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Under federal law，it is illegal to discriminate ________ minorities and women.
②There should be no ________ (discriminate)on the grounds of colour.
③新生儿能辨别男人和女人的声音。
Newborn babies can_________________________．
2．superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的；高级的 n．上级；优胜者
(1)superior in 在……方面优越
superior to 比……优越；比……好
(2)superiority n. 优越(性)，优势；优越感
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We have a relationship superior ________ those of many of our friends.
②Driving the car gave him a feeling of total control，effortless ________ (superior)．
③我们必须明白敌军在数量上占优势。
We must be clear that the enemy forces _________________numbers.
[温馨提示] superior表示“较好的，更好的”，因该词本身已含有比较意味，前不能用more；另外，在两者做比较时，不能与than连用，要与介词to连用。与其用法相似的词还有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。
3．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
come to an end 结束
(使)结束；终结
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①At last the meeting came to________end.②It's hoped that the talks may bring an end________ the violence.
③物价每天都在上涨，很难做到收支相抵。
The prices are going up day by day.It's hard to ________________．
4．go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
be in debt 欠债
get/run into debt 负债
be out of debt 不欠债
pay off one's debts 偿清某人的债务
be in one's debt/in the debt to sb. 欠某人的情，对某人感激不尽
put sb.in debt 使某人负债
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You have been so kind to us that we shall always feel we are deeply ________ your debt.
②I need to pay ________ all my debts before I leave the country.
③自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你负债。
Starting your own business could be a way of achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just ________________．
P54
1．____________________ 欠发达地区
2．____________________ 传统贸易体系
3．____________________ 做某事没问题/没困难
4．____________________ 歧视……
5．____________________ 每杯热量少于一卡路里
P55
1．____________________ 依靠，依赖
2．____________________ 随着信息技术和数据分析的发展
3．____________________ 客观的信用评级方法
4．____________________ 信用卡支付
5．____________________ 贷款支付
6．____________________ 预定旅馆
7．____________________ 社会信用体系的好处
8．____________________ 不良社会信用记录
9．____________________ 按时
10．____________________ 毫不拖延；立即
11．____________________ 共享单车
12．____________________ 作为奖励
13．____________________ 付押金
14．____________________ 登记入住
15．____________________ 使某人能够做某事
16．____________________ 以较低的成本
17．____________________ 被禁止做某事
18．____________________ 对……有所贡献
P56
1．____________________ 对……的鼓励
2．____________________ 新手理财小贴士
3．____________________ 独立地
4．____________________ 使收支仅能相抵
5．____________________ 满足某人的要求
6．____________________ 提供免费网上银行服务的账户
7．____________________ 建立信用
8．____________________ 开通信用卡账户
9．____________________ 年费
P57
1．____________________ 从你的储蓄中获得利息
2．____________________ 赚外快
3．____________________ 牢记……
4．____________________ 妨碍，阻止
5．____________________ 依法缴税
6．____________________ 超过约定的信用额度
7．____________________ 陷入债务之中，负债
8．____________________ 还清债务，不欠债
9．____________________ 财务困难
10．____________________ 积累信用可靠的品质
11．____________________ 最大金额的钱
复习定语从句
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
[观察例句]
1．This is the place which is worth visiting.
2．Those who expect the worst are less likely to be disappointed.
3．His favorite hobbies are swimming and gardening，which have become a necessary part of his life.
4．My father was easily cheated，which surprised me.
5．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
6．We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.
[归纳用法]
1．引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，why)和介词＋关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句(如例1、例2、例5) 和非限制性定语从句(如例3、例4、例6)。
3．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系十分密切，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。
4．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。该从句与主句的关系不是很密切，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用why引导，一般不用that引导；关系代/副词均不可省略。
5．定语从句的先行词可以是一个词(如例2、例6)、几个词(如例1、例3、例5)或整个句子(如例4)。
二、“(名词/代词/形容词最高级＋)介词＋关系代词(＋名词)”引导的定语从句
[观察例句]
1．I hate the way in which she always criticises me.
2．In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
3．We first attended the opening parade，for which our class had made a lot of preparations.
4．He is telling a story of Lei Feng，of whom every one of us is proud.
5．Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
6．He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.
7．Lily might possibly come，in which case I'll ask her.
8．There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.
[归纳用法]
1．介词后的关系代词只用which或whom。
2．介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯(如例 1 中的in the way )；(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分(如例 2 中的turn to，例4 中的 is proud of )；(3)句子意思表达的需要(如例 3 )。
3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”可用“whose＋名词”替换(如例 5 中 可换为whose price)。
4．“形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句(如例 6 )。另外，“数词/some，many，most，each等不定代词＋of＋关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。
5．有时为了表达清楚，用“介词＋关系副词”引导定语从句(如例 8)。
6．“介词＋关系代词＋名词”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的需要(如例 7)。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
2．William Hastie once said that history informed us of past mistakes ________ which we could learn without repeating them.
3．In spring，a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
4．Is this the reason ________ he was late for the meeting
5．Dr Rowan，________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
6．She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of ________ were from Sweden.
7．The road conditions there turned out to be very good，________ was more than we could expect.
8．The most beautiful place ________ I have ever been to is Jiuzhaigou.
9．________ many of you are old enough to remember，the Beatles came from Liverpool.
10．Can you think out a situation ________ this word can be used
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason ________________________ was that he was ill in bed.
2．刚才站在我们会议室前面的那个女人是我的母亲。
The woman ________________________ is my mother.
3．那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。
The boy，________________________，studies very hard.
4．这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
These apple trees，____________________________，have not borne any fruit.
5．我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽村庄度过的那些日子。
We will never forget the days ________________________．Section Ⅴ
1．________ n．额，前额
2．________ adj.无表情的，木然的
3．________ adj.头晕目眩的
4．________ n．女主席；女会长
5．________ n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
6．________ n．投入(物)
7．________ n．阶段，时期
8．________ v．购买
9．________ n．奖金；红利
10．________ n．顾问
11．________ adj.传统的，常规的
12．________ n．赤道
13．________ n．庄园
14．________ adj.质量上乘的，优质的
15．________ adj.不浓烈的，淡的
16．_________n.卡(路里)
17．________ v．(短期的)租用，租借
18．________ n．滥用
19．__________n.偷窃，偷盗
20．________ n．(女式)钱包
1．enterprise n．事业心；进取心；创业精神→________ adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
2．distribute v．分发；分配；分销→________ n．(商品的)分销，经销
3．guide n．指南；向导；指导者 v．指引；指导→________ n．指导，引导
4．discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视→________ n．区别对待，歧视
5．subjective adj.主观的→__________ adv.主观地
6．finance n．财政；金融→________ adj.财政的，金融的；财务的
7．automatic adj.自动的→________ adv.自动地
8．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→________ adj.悲伤的
9．expense n．费用，花费→________ adj.昂贵的；花钱多的→________ adv.昂贵地
1．____________ 至于，关于，就……而论
2．____________ 深呼吸
3．____________ 喜爱，爱好
4．____________ 最终，结果是
5．____________ 怀着……的希望
6．____________ 与……大不相同
7．_____________ 对……产生浓厚的兴趣
8．____________ 鳞次栉比
9．____________ 开始
10．____________ 陷入债务之中，负债
11．____________ 使收支仅能相抵
12．____________ 以最低价格
13．____________ 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
14．____________ 以损害……为代价
15．____________ 对……的回应
16．____________ 受支配； 从属于； 常遭受……
17．____________ 承担； 呈现； 雇用
18．____________ 与……有关
19．____________ 进一步保护……
1．[句型公式] 独立主格结构作状语
They stared back，_______________________ as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
2．[句型公式] That is why... “那/这就是为什么……”
And ____________ I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。
3．[句型公式] whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句
________ it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，________ a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
读后续写材料积累——种种“说”“教”
Ⅰ.词汇积累
murmur，utter，stammer，stutter，howl，roar，mock，scold，snap at sb.，swallow，whisper，mumble，mutter，growl，exclaim
Ⅱ.词块必记
1．tongue-tied with anger 气得张口结舌
2．bite one's tongue隐忍不言
3．bite back one's anger按捺住怒火
4．take a bite of 咬一口
5．bite one's lip 咬着嘴唇
6．run one's tongue over one's lips用舌头舔了舔嘴唇
7．curl one's lip with disapproval不以为然地撇嘴
8．lick one's lips 舔嘴唇
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1．Reuben murmured a thank you and ran home all the way.
鲁本小声说了句谢谢你，然后一路跑回了家。
2．“How can I let you throw away the thing that means the most to you？” I pleaded with him.
“我怎么能让你扔掉对你最重要的东西？”我恳求他。
3．A young man came to the police station，surrounded by a group of journalists，declaring that he had spotted the murderer.
一个年轻人来到警察局，他被一群记者包围，他声称自己已经发现了凶手。
4．I'm getting ready to blow out all the candles and she's getting ready to help me in case I ran out of air.
我正准备吹灭所有的蜡烛，而她正准备在我接不上气时帮助我。
5．“Time to go，” I whispered to the girl，wishing she could follow me right away.
“该走了。”我对女孩耳语，希望她能马上跟我来。
6．The smile froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.
笑容僵在脸上；他张大了嘴巴。
7．He interrupted the silence with an announcement, “The deadline to enter for the competition is tomorrow.”
他打破了沉默，宣布：“比赛截止日期是明天。”
8．“I haven't finished; I need more time，” he begged.“That's what Michelangelo said，” Mr Edgar joked.
“我还没说完；我需要更多时间。”他恳求道。“这就是米开朗琪罗所说的。”埃德加先生开玩笑说。
9．She greeted James and inquired，“Are you ready for our field trip？” James didn't respond.
她向詹姆斯打招呼并询问：“你准备好参加我们的实地考察了吗？”詹姆斯没有回应。
10．“What do you think matters for a bird？” Mrs Damon questioned.
“你认为对一只鸟来说什么最重要？”达蒙夫人问道。Section Ⅲ Developing ideas—Reading
1．________ a car租车
2．________ of power 滥用职权
3．victims of ________盗窃受害者
4．in the ________在钱包里
1．________ n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
2．________ n．费用，花费→expensive adj.昂贵的；花钱多的→expensively adv.昂贵地
1．____________ 以最低价格
2．____________ 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
3．____________ 以损害……为代价
4．____________ 对……的回应
5．____________ 受支配；从属于；常遭受……
6．____________ 承担；呈现；雇用
7．____________ 与……有关
8．____________ 进一步保护……
[句型公式] whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句
________ it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，_______a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
①sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
②object n．(极欲得到、研究、注意等的)对象
③publish various papers 发表各种论文
④state v．陈述，说明
⑤be beneficial to 对……有好处，有益于……
⑥set up 创建，建立
⑦take on 具有(特征、外观等)，呈现
⑧frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑨vary from... to... 从……到……不同
⑩take off 起飞；脱下；休假；开始成功
response n．回应
increasing demand for对……不断增长的需求
competitive adj.有竞争力的
deliver v．传递，传送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes 名牌服装
rock-bottom price 最低价格
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
a couple of days 几天
cut down (on sth.) 减少，削减
existing regulation 现有法规
ongoing supervision 持续监管
take advantage of 利用
share n．股份，份额
expense n．费用，花费
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
be subject to 可能受……影响的
abuse n．滥用
property n．财产，财物
victim n．受害者
theft n．偷窃，偷盗
secure adj.安全的
potential risks 潜在的风险
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
be relevant to 与……相关
What's mine is yours.
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows① with others.When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media.[1]Taking it as an object② of study，psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding.
[1] 本句为主从复合句。taking it as an object of study为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning.It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time.These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares，and even to pet shares.The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，[2]all delivered at the click of a button．[3]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days , it's out there.Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation; everyone makes or saves money.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste.And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
[2]all delivered at the click of a button为独立主格结构。
[3]句中whether... or... 引导让步状语从句；其中where引导定语从句，先行词为shop；from which we can... a couple of days为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
But the sharing economy is not without its problems.[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision .Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.In addition，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides.Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure .Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services.Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
[4]句中as为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。
Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all — what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[5]句中such... that引导结果状语从句；在从句中what引导宾语从句。
我的就是你的。
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱，从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。
我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
1．What is the main idea of the text
A．The sharing economy is with us.
B．The sharing economy's benefits and problems.
C．We should learn to share.
D．Sharing is good for environment.
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What does “it” in “Taking it as an object of study” mean in the first paragraph
A．An object to study.
B．Sharing.
C．The thing shared with others.
D．Social media.
2．Which of the following sentences is WRONG
A．The action of sharing has new meanings.
B．We can reduce the cost through sharing.
C．It is no use setting up positive emotional bonding by sharing.
D．We can also make money through sharing.
3．Sharing can cut down on waste because ________．
A．we can reuse items by sharing
B．we can use items that other people don't use
C．sharing can reduce our shopping desire
D．sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste
4．What can be talked about in the next paragraph
A．What we will share in the future.
B．How to share with others in the future.
C．The categories of sharing.
D．The type of society that sharing will take us to.
1．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
(1)in deep sorrow 深深地感到悲哀/悲伤
to one's sorrow 令某人伤心的是
share sorrows and happiness 同甘共苦
(2)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的，悲痛的，悲哀的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ his sorrow，his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.
②His wife passed away two years ago，which left him ________ deep sorrow.
③他们的友谊已发展到了同甘共苦的地步。
They developed their friendship to a stage where they often ________________．
2．take on呈现；较量；承担；接受；从事；开始雇用
take off 起飞；脱下；休假；开始成功
take over 控制；接管
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解；领悟
take up 占据；从事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When the delayed flight will take ______ depends much on the weather.
②Briggs will take ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
③我几乎听不懂老人说了什么。
I could hardly ________________________．
3．hire v．(短期的)租用，租借；临时雇用
hire out 出租
hire oneself out to sb. 为某人工作，受雇/受聘于某人
for/on hire 可供出租
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We recommend a small company to you，which hires ________ boats to tourists.
②The boats are ________ hire to the guests from the management.
③他以前给人打过短工。
He ________________ whoever needed his services.
4．rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
rent at sth. 以(某价钱)租出
pay/cover the rent 付租金
afford the rent 负担得起租金
for rent 供租用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Buying flats to rent ________ is another trend among the Chinese.
②We need $1，000 a month ____________ (cover) the rent.
③这片土地租给别的农民了。
The land ________________ to other farmers.
5．at the expense of以损害……为代价
at one's expense 由某人付钱
spare no expense (in doing sth.) 不惜费用(做某事)
at great/vast expense 以巨大的代价
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Teachers who signed up did so out of personal choice and ________ their own expense.
②He's bought a specially big TV ________ vast expense so that everyone can see properly.
③他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。
He built up business __________________________ his health.
重点句式 whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句
(教材P59)Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，it's out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
[句式分析]
本句中whether... or... (不管……还是……)引导让步状语从句。
Whether he drives or takes the train，he'll be here on time.
无论他开车还是乘火车，他都会准时到这里的。
(1)whether... or... 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
(2)whether... or... 后面可以接动词不定式、形容词或其他短语。
(3)whether (...) or not 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whether happy_________ sad，she always tries to keep smiling.
②________they do it or not matters little to us.
③不管他是对是错，他总是在争论中表现得最差。
________________________，he always comes off worst in an argument.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We express our deepest ________ (悲痛) for the incident.
2．You can ________ (租用) a bicycle，a car，or a horse in that park whenever you want to.
3．He was arrested on charges of corruption and _________(滥用) of power.
4．I would rather you forgave the poor child's ________ (偷窃)．
5．The lady with a ________ (钱包) in her hand came to the bank counter.
6．The ________ (费用) have been reduced to 1，000 yuan a month.
Ⅱ.选词填空
at rock-bottom prices，at the expense of，rent out，take on，be subject to
1．The competitors will ________________ random drug testing.
2．If you invest now，you will be buying ________________．The shares are at their lowest today.
3．Anybody can ____________ a storefront and start their own business，and many people have done so.
4．No other organisation was able or willing to ________ the job.
5．In study，memorization should not be stressed ________________ comprehension.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．But today，the action of sharing takes on extra meaning，which 1.____________ (expand) to almost every aspect of our lives.It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.This wealth of ways of sharing is 2.________ response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at 3.________ (compete) prices，all 4.________ (deliver) at the click of a button.We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends.Besides，5.________ (share) encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste.But the sharing economy is not without 6.________ (it) problems.Firstly the sharing economy is developing faster than existing 7.________ (regulation) or ongoing supervision.In addition，the sharing economy is subject 8.________ abuse of trust.Finally，personal data is not yet secure.Nonetheless，9.______ is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is 10.________ (increasing) relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.核心单词 forehead，blank，dizzy，chairwoman，potential，enterprising，input，phase，purchase，distribution，bonus，guidance，consultant，conventional，discriminate，equator，estate，superior，mild，calorie，subjective，financial，automatically，sorrow，hire，expense，abuse，theft，purse
重点短语 as to，take a deep breath，be fond of，end up，in the hope of，a world away from，be bitten by the ... bug，row upon row，start out，go into debt，rent out，make ends meet，be relevant to，take on，do a further favour，at the expense of，response to，at rock-bottom prices，be subject to
重点句型 1.独立主格结构作状语 2.That is why ...“那/这就是为什么……” 3.whether... or...引导的让步状语从句
单元语法 复习定语从句
主题写作 写一篇关于非现金支付的文章
Section Ⅰ Understanding ideas
1．run down her ________ 顺着她的额头往下流
2．their ________ faces 他们木然的表情
3．feeling ________ 感到眩晕
4．________ of her own company 她自己公司的董事长
5．realise their full ________ 充分发挥他们的潜力
6．the all-important ________非常重要的投入
7．the initial _________ 初始阶段
8．________ cosmetics 购买化妆品
9．a decent _________ 一笔可观的奖金
10．an expert ________ 一位专家顾问
1．enterprise n．事业心；进取心；创业精神→________ adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
2．distribute v．分发；分配；分销→________ n．(商品的)分销，经销
3．guide n．指南；向导；指导者 v．指引；指导→________ n．指导，引导
1．____________ 至于，关于，就……而论
2．____________ 深呼吸
3．____________ 喜爱，爱好
4．____________ 最终，结果是
5．____________ 怀着……的希望
6．____________ 与……大不相同
7．_____________ 对……产生浓厚的兴趣
8．____________ 鳞次栉比
9．____________ 开始
1．[句型公式] 独立主格结构作状语
They stared back，_______________________ as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
2．[句型公式] That is why...“那/这就是为什么……”
And ________________ I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。
①blank adj.无表情的，木然的
②clue n．线索，迹象
③take a deep breath深呼吸
④struggle to do sth.努力做某事
⑤presentation n．介绍，陈述，展示
⑥be fond of喜爱，爱好
⑦row upon row鳞次栉比
⑧delicate adj.娇嫩的；脆弱的；精美的
⑨end up最终，结果是
⑩potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
condition n．条件
ideal adj.理想的
raise v．抚养；养育
bug n．突然的兴趣，热衷，着迷
be bitten by the... bug对……产生浓厚的兴趣
enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
present one's idea提出某人的想法
in the hope of怀着……的希望
devotion n．奉献
rejection n．拒绝
input n．投入(物)
obstacle n．障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase n．阶段，时期
the initial phase初始阶段
purchase v．购买
distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
bonus n．奖金；红利
a decent bonus一笔可观的奖金
mixed feelings复杂的感情
guidance n．指导，引导
consultant n．顾问
rush into things仓促行事
more than不仅仅
sound adj.合理的，正确的
access to capital融资渠道
negotiating skills谈判技巧
Business Blossoms
As she spoke，Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.She couldn't，however，hide the line of sweat running down her forehead，which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio，but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.They stared back，their blank① faces giving no clue② as to what they would say next.[1] Feeling dizzy，Zhang Yue took a deep breath③ as she struggled to finish④ her presentation⑤， “And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”
[1]此处为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
Now chairwoman of her own company，Zhang Yue is fond of⑥ saying，“The early bird catches the worm.” The place where this happens is a valley，a world away from any television studio.Moving carefully through the darkness，she passes row upon row⑦ of rose plants.In an hour，these fields will be full of people，working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise.“It has to be done then，” says Zhang.“These flowers are delicate⑧.”
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up⑨ doing.Surrounded by roses as she was growing up，she paid them little attention.[2] It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential⑩.“Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
[2]本句为强调句，强调的句子成分为时间状语。
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses，which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，” she said.“But I also wanted to give something back to my home town.As people say，‘It takes a village to raiseB13 a child.’”
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug .All over the world，an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses，as the growing economy creates more opportunities.Like Zhang，they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice，and they have the same passion and devotion .The majority meet with rejection .A few，like Zhang Yue，find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one，with many challenges along the way.
As someone who grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants.However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out，she still had a lot to learn.She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.“The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me，which was totally outside my experience.Few in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers，” says Zhang.“After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution .It was only then that the locals began to believe me.Now my product is one of the best in Asia.This year，I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus .”
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence，Zhang has mixed feelings .
[3] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things .
[3]本句为主从复合句。though引导让步状语从句；advises后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气。
“I love running my own business，but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang.“To succeed in business，you need more than a good idea，hard work and determination.[4] What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital ， and good management and negotiating skills . Most of all，don't be too ambitious.You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with.For young people who have little life experience，that can be a challenge.”
[4]本句中what引导主语从句；整个句子为“主系表”结构。
创业之花
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水，这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。”
张悦现在是自己公司的董事长，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，这是一个完全不同于任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这里，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采。”张悦说，“这些花是很娇嫩的。”
张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。她从小到大，身边到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”她说，“这里适合玫瑰自然生长。”
因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验自己当老板的自由。”她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说：‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。’”
她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有事业心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议。而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和为事业奉献的决心。他们中的大多数会遭到拒绝，但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经比较了解作物种植。不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多障碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验范围。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。”
看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
“我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。”张悦说，“要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划、获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说，这可能是个挑战。”
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．Zhang Yue's entrepreneurial experience.
B．The interview with Zhang Yue.
C．The development of rose cause.
D．Entrepreneurship and challenges.
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following words can best describe Zhang's home town according to the text
A．A valley，far from any television studio.
B．The ideal place to grow roses.
C．Full of enterprising young people.
D．Few people believing her at last.
2．What did Zhang Yue want to do according to her words “It takes a village to raise a child.”？
A．She wanted to raise a child in the village.
B．She wanted to contribute to the village.
C．She wanted to start a family in this village.
D．She was brought up by the whole village.
3．What was the people's attitude to Zhang's business initially
A．Active. B．Favorable.
C．Doubted. D．Disapproving.
4．For young entrepreneurs，Zhang Yue gave some advice EXCEPT ________．
A．needing hard work
B．knowing your own limits
C．being too ambitious
D．being realistic
1．细读课文并找出通过描写人物动作表达情绪的句子
(1)__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
(2)__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2．细读课文并找出给出建议的句子
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
1．take a deep breath深呼吸
(1)breath n. 呼吸；一次吸入的空气
hold one's breath 闭气；屏气
out of breath 喘不上气；透不过气来
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
(2)breathe v. 呼吸
breathe in 吸气；吸入(气体)
breathe out 呼气；呼出(气体)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Shaun took ________ deep breath and dived into the water.
②教练告诉我们先深吸气，然后慢慢呼气。
The instructor told us to ____________ deeply and then ____________ slowly.
③朱莉缩了回去，靠在墙上，屏住了呼吸。
Julie shrank back against the wall and ________________．
2．blank adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的 n．空白处
(1)blank expression/look/face 茫然的表情/面孔
blank form/page/check 空白表格/页/支票
(2)go blank 屏幕(或脑子突然)一片空白
fill in/out the blank 填空
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Fill ________ the blank with a proper preposition in the box.
②Jim was watching a late night film at home when the television ________ (go) blank.
③教授从玛利亚茫然的眼神中可以看出，她听不懂他讲的任何一个字。
The professor could tell by ____________ in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
3．as to至于，关于，就……而论
表示“关于，至于”的短语：
as for (sb./sth.)/to (sth.)
as regards (sb./sth.)
in/with regard to (sb./sth.)
in respect of (sth.)
with respect to (sth.)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With regard ________ the party on 1 July，I shall be pleased to attend.
②Parents often have little choice with respect ________ the way their child is medically treated.
③至于账单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。
________________，sir，please forget it.(as for)
4．end up 最终，结果是
end... with... 以(……)而结束
end up in... 结果到了……的地步
end up doing sth. 结果做了某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her note ended________the words，“See you soon.”
②If you continue to steal，you'll end up ________ prison.
③大多数减肥者最后体重又反弹了。
Most slimmers ________________________________．
5．potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的
(1)have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
the potential for (doing) sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力
(2)potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
(3)potentially adv. 潜在地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①People who do not smoke have less potential ________ suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
②________ (potential)，this could damage the reputation of the whole industry.
③你具有达到事业顶峰的潜能。
You ________________ the top of your profession.
6．purchase v．购买 n．购买；购买的东西
(1)purchase sth.for sb. 为某人购买某物
purchase sth.for＋钱数 买某物花多少钱
purchase sth.from... 从……购买某物
(2)the purchase of 对……的购买
(3)purchaser n. 购买人；采购员；买主
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Among his ________ (purchase)were several tins of beans.
②With the Spring Festival approaching，train tickets must ________________ (purchase)two weeks in advance.
③He paid ￥ 200，000 for his new car.
→________________________________
7．distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销；分配；分布；分发
(1)distribute v. 分销；分配；分布；分发
distribute sth. to 给……分发某物
(2)distributor n. 经销商，分销商
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Who is in charge of the ________ (distribute) of food and clothing to areas in need
②The company is the largest software ________(distribute) in the country.
③出版商们将安排把书分销到全国各个重要的城市去。
The printers will arrange to ________________ every important city in the country.
8．guidance n．指导，引导
(1)under sb.'s guidance(＝under the guidance of sb.)
在某人的指导下
(2)guide vt. 引路；指导
n. 指南；手册；向导
guide sb. to... 引导某人到……(to为介词)
guide sb. in doing... 引导某人做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
① ________ his guidance，I managed to overcome the obstacle.
②It was she that guided the blind man ________ the street.
③它将指导你从工作区获得必要的资源。
It will ________________ the necessary resources from your workspace.
重点句式1 独立主格结构作状语
(教材P50)They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
[句式分析]
本句中 their blank faces giving no clue 为“逻辑主语＋动词-ing形式”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。
I stood there，legs trembling and sweat falling off my forehead.
我站在那里，双腿颤抖，汗水从我的额头滑落。
该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构是：
(1)名词/代词＋名词
(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词＋动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His friends ____________ (come)tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
②The girl bent down her head，eyes ________ (fill) with tears.
③这个学生专心地听着，他的眼睛盯着黑板。
The student listened attentively，________________________．
重点句式2 That is why... “那/这就是为什么……”
(教材P50)And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功。
[句式分析]
That/This/It is why... 表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why 引导表语从句。
He got stuck in the traffic and that's why he was late.
他被堵在路上了，这就是他迟到的原因。
It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……
The reason why... is/was that...……的原因是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Maybe it's ________ we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
②The reason ________ he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
③那就是为什么鱼类更喜欢浅水而不喜欢深水，因为前者更温暖些。
____________ fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．First we need to identify actual and ______ (潜在的) problems.
2．There has been a big ________ (投入) of resources into the project from industry.
3．I encourage some readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to ________ (购买) a book.
4．The wedding marked the beginning of a new ________(阶段) in her life.
5．If you tell a woman a joke and get a ____________________________(无表情的) look，don't immediately despair.
6．He felt sick and ________ (头晕目眩的) and then passed out.
7．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his ________ (前额)because the air conditioning broke down.
8．One should always be ________ (有进取心的)，trying to do something more than what he is doing.
9．In addition to his salary，he has a ________ (奖金) of 300 yuan per month.
10．My ________ (顾问) helped me dig deep into my experience and find my story.
Ⅱ.选词填空
as to，be fond of，start out，end up，in the hope of
1．He ____________ playing the piano while his brother is interested in listening to music.
2．The young man was in a puzzle __________ how to keep a balance between work and play.
3．He was studying ____________ being admitted to an engineering college.
4．She ____________ on her legal career in 2003.
5．Last Thursday，I had intended to kill time in the gym，but ____________ doing online shopping.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我们的父母和老师是我们最该感恩的人。
________________________ we should be most grateful to.
2．这个男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
The boy lay on the grass，his eyes ________________．
3．我读了你对学校英语报的改革方案，这就是我写信发表我的观点的原因。
I read about your reform of the school English newspaper，and ____________ I'm writing to voice my opinion.
4．面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能在学业上全神贯注。
Faced with these difficulties，many students ________________ to pay full attention to their studies.
5．这就是我所感兴趣的。
This is ________________．
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Zhang Yue is the chairwoman of her own company, 1.________ grows roses in a village.She never thought she would end 2.________ growing roses.Her decision to return to her home town and grow roses 3.________ (surprise) many people after 4.________ (graduate) from university overseas.Although her road to success is a long and difficult one with many 5.________ (challenge)，she has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.6.________ product of her company is one of the 7.______ (good) in Asia.For the young people who want 8.____________ (succeed) in business，she 9.________ (advise) them to make full preparations besides a good idea，hard work and 10.________ (determine)．Section Ⅳ Developing ideas—Writing
写一篇关于非现金支付的文章
本单元的写作项目是写一篇关于“非现金支付”的文章，属于正反观点式议论文。正反观点式议论文是对某个论述话题提出两种对立的见解或主张并说明理由使读者信服的文章。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来确定其观点的正误，支持或否定某种主张，从而达到让读者信服或接受其观点或看法的目的。
[写作要点]
1．基本结构
正反观点式议论文写作一般分三部分：
第一部分：交代背景和引入讨论话题；
第二部分：列举正方及反方观点(论点)及其理由(论据)；
第三部分：得出结论或给出自己的观点。
2．注意事项
(1)文体：属于议论文，要注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性；
(2)时态：通常情况下，用现在完成时和一般现在时；
(3)人称：以第三人称为主，表达自己的观点时用第一人称。
[常用表达]
(一)开头部分常用表达
1．As for non-cash payments，different people have different opinions.
对于“非现金支付”，不同的人有不同的观点。
2．We had a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages about non-cash payments and our opinions are as follows.
我们对“非现金支付”的优缺点进行了讨论，我们的观点如下。
3．With the development of economy，non-cash payments have been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
随着经济的发展，“非现金支付”在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
(二)主体部分常用表达
1．70% of the people(who were) surveyed are satisfied with the non-cash payments./ Those who are satisfied with the non-cash payments account for 70% of the people surveyed.
在调查中有70%的人对“非现金支付”满意。
2．There are some people who think that cash payments are safer than non-cash payments./There are some people thinking that cash payments are safer than non-cash payments.
有些人认为现金支付比“非现金支付”更安全。
3．The advantages of non-cash payments are obvious./It is obvious that non-cash payments have advantages.
“非现金支付”的优势很明显。
4．The payment can be completed immediately so that we won't have to wait long in line.
付款可以立即完成，这样我们就不用排很长的队等待了。
5．However，every coin has two sides and its disadvantages are also obvious.
然而，任何事物都有两面性，它的缺点也是显而易见的。
(三)结尾部分常用表达
1．As far as I am concerned，I am in favor of the first view./Personally，I am for the first view./As for me，I am in favor of the first view.
就我个人而言，我支持第一种观点。
2．I believe with the development of non-cash payments，our lives will be more convenient.
我相信随着“非现金支付”的发展，我们的生活将会更加便利。
3．Perhaps with the improvement of... ，non-cash payments may be safer and more popular in the near future.
也许随着……的改善，在不久的将来，非现金支付可能会更安全、更受欢迎。
4．Non-cash payments have greatly changed people's lives in China.
在中国，“非现金支付”极大地改变了人们的生活。
现在，越来越多的人都爱使用“非现金支付”。请你以“非现金支付的好处”为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
参考词汇：二维码QR code
The Advantages of Non-cash Payments
It's generally believed that China is the largest non-cash payments market globally.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[审题构思]
第一段：自己和身边的人在日常生活中使用“非现金支付”的情况；
第二段：“非现金支付”带来的好处；
第三段：发表个人观点。
[遣词造句]
1．我们大多数人习惯了扫描二维码来支付我们买的任何东西，比如书和衣服。
Most of us are used to scanning QR codes to ________________________—such as books and clothes.
2．它因方便而赢得了消费者的支持。
It has won ________________ for its convenience.
3．随着“非现金支付”的广泛使用，我们根本不需要带钱包或现金。
________________________， we don't need to carry a purse or cash at all.
4．我们永远不会担心得到假钞或不得不数零钱。
We will never ________________________ or having to count our change.
5．另一个优势是，如果你使用“非现金支付”，通常会有折扣，因为主要的在线支付平台都在竞争，以吸引更多的消费者。
Another advantage is that ________________________ if you make non-cash payments, as major online payment platforms are competing to ________________．
6．在中国，“非现金支付”极大地改变了人们的生活。
Non-cash payments ________________________ in China.
7．我个人认为应该鼓励“非现金支付”。
________________， I think non-cash payments ________________．
[句式升级]
用倒装句改写句4
____________________________________________________________________
[连句成篇]
The Advantages of Non-cash Payments
It's generally believed that China is the largest non-cash payments market globally._____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
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