阅读理解(说明文&议论文)(江苏专用)
说明：语篇标号和题目序号仿新高考(下同)
C篇-01
(江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)A broken heart. A sad ending to a love affair. That’s something most of us have experienced. After all, it’s part of human life. But no question, the experience can be destructive.
However, research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate(激活)empathy(共鸣)and the desire to connect with others—both ways through the prison of heartache and despair.
Sad music can help heal and improve your condition from your broken heart. A recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to sad music can activate feelings of empathy, sympathy, and a desire for positive connection with others. That, itself, is psychologically healing. It draws you away from the loss of yourself, and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was “beautiful but sad” strengthened their mood. In fact, it did so when the person first consciously had their awareness of the situation causing their sadness, and then began listening to the sad music. That is, when they intended that the sad music might help, they found that it did.
These findings link with other studies that show facing your sad situation emotionally—accepting reality as it is—leads to healing and growth beyond it. In short, admitting your full experience arouses hope. For example, research from Cornell University, found that admitting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, leads to motivation to find a pathway through it, beyond it. As Churchill famously said, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It fuels hope.
28.What can we learn from the study from Germany
A. Listening to sad music can cure people of heartache.
B. Realizing their sadness, people may willingly listen to sad music.
C. Embracing sadness, people can have a better future.
D. Listening to sad music can motivate people to connect with others.
29.Which of the following best illustrates the course of the psychologically healing of sadness
A. activate→connect→accept→grow B. accept→activate→connect→grow
C. connect→accept→activate→grow D. connect→activate→accept→grow
30.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 possibly mean
A. Walk alongside discomfort. B. Sadness stops you from growing.
C. Say no to those challenge you. D. Difficulties will not always stay with you.
31.What is a suitable title for the text
A. Listening to music makes you happy. B. Facing sadness bravely brings about hope.
C. Sad music can help people through. D. Music helps people accept sad reality.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听悲伤的音乐有助于人们治愈坏心情。
28.细节理解题。根据第三自然段“A recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to sad music can activate feelings of empathy, sympathy, and a desire for positive connection with others.(德国最近的一项研究发现，听悲伤音乐的情感影响可以激活移情、同情和与他人建立积极联系的愿望)”可知，一份德国的研究表明，听悲伤的音乐可以激励人们与他人建立联系，故选D。
29.细节理解题。根据第二自然段“It can activate(激活)empathy(共鸣)and the desire to connect with others—both ways through the prison of heartache and despair.(它可以激活同理心和与他人联系的欲望，这两者可以帮助你走出心碎绝望的牢笼)”以及最后一段“These findings link with other studies that show facing your sad situation emotionally—accepting reality as it is—leads to healing and growth beyond it.(这些发现与其他研究相联系，这些研究表明，面对悲伤的处境，在情感上接受现实会带来治愈和超越现实的成长)”可知，“激活→联系→接受→成长”最能说明悲伤的心理愈合过程，故选B。
30.句意猜测题。根据最后一段划线句后“That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It fuels hope.(这种不适会让你制定一个计划，一个新的行动。它激发了希望)”可知，划线部分“If you’re going through hell, keep going.”意为我们要与不适同行，故选A。
31.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“However, research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate(激活)empathy(共鸣)and the desire to connect with others—both ways through the prison of heartache and despair.(但研究表明，心痛是可以治愈的。听悲伤的音乐就是其中一种治愈方式。它可以帮助你重新感受生活的喜悦和希望，可以激活同理心和与他人联系的欲望，这两者可以帮助你走出心碎绝望的牢笼)”可知，文章主要介绍了听悲伤的音乐有助于人们治愈坏心情，故选C。
C篇-02
(江苏省南京市江宁区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)From the moon to Mars, scientists have been looking for water—the key to life—in the solar system for decades. Recently, they have turned to Jupiter(木星)!
On April 14, the European Space Agency’s(ESA)JUICE spacecraft successfully lifted off from French Guiana in South America. JUICE, short for “Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”, will collect data from Jupiter and its three moons, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.
The three moons are believed to have big oceans of liquid water under their icy shells. According to ESA, the water on these moons could be as much as six times the amount in Earth’s oceans. The mission “will change our understanding of the solar system”, wrote Scientific American.
In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might send water as far as 160 kilometers into space. That gave scientists the idea of studying the icy moons of Jupiter.
The oceans under these moons are likely to be tens of kilometers deep. But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them. Although JUICE cannot land on the surface, it has lots of high-tech equipment to study the moon’s environment, including spectral imaging(光谱成像)tools and radar. They could give more data on things like the thickness of the oceans, their salt content, and their distance from the icy shells above, reported Phys.org.
“The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable(可居住的)environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter,” JUICE team member Olivier Witasse said during a press conference on April 6.
28.What do we know about JUICE
A. It left for Jupiter from the US. B. It got its name from how it looks.
C. It will become one of Jupiter’s moons. D. It will collect data from Jupiter and its moons.
29.The water on Europa might ________.
A. cover a small part of its surface
B. all come from its icy shell
C. have been thrown into space
D. be as much as six times the amount in Earth’s oceans
30.Which of the following words can replace the word “trapped” in paragraph 5
A. wandered B. wept C. kept D. declined
31.The JUICE spacecraft was launched mainly to ________.
A. find a possible way to solve the water shortage on Earth
B. find out if it is possible for life to live on Jupiter’s moons
C. explore if Jupiter has living things similar to human beings
D. test ways of keeping water on Europa, Ganymede and Callisto
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. B
【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道(说明味道更浓，可以看作为说明文)。文章介绍了JUICE宇宙飞船对木星极其卫星的探测成果等。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“JUICE, short for “Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”, will collect data from Jupiter and its three moons, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.(JUICE是“Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”的缩写，它将收集木星及其三颗卫星——木卫二、木卫三和木卫四的数据)”可知，JUICE将收集木星以及木卫二、木卫三、木卫四的数据，故选D项。
29.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might send water as far as 160 kilometers into space.(1998年，美国宇航局的伽利略号宇宙飞船发现木卫二可能会将水送到160公里外的太空)”可知，美国宇航局的伽利略号宇宙飞船发现木卫二可能会将水送到160公里外的太空，故选C项。
30.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them.(但它们也trap数十公里的冰层下，这使得研究它们变得非常困难)”可知，木卫二的液态水被trap在数十公里的冰层下，说明很难取到。trap作为动词，有“围困、困住”之意。A. wandered游荡、漫步；B. wept哭泣；C. kept保持、维持、处于；D. declined下降。四个选项中，只有kept含义与trapped相近，故选C项。
31.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable(可居住的)environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter(主要目标是了解在这些冰冷的卫星和像木星这样的巨行星周围是否存在适合居住的环境)”可知，JUICE飞船的目的是了解像木星这样的巨行星周围是否存在适合居住的环境，故选B项。
C篇-03
(江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)U. S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there’s growing concern over it. Now, a new study published by the American Psychological(心理的)Association, confirms that teens seem to feel better about themselves when they cut back.
“Social media can feel like a comparison trap(陷阱),” says study author Helen Thai, a doctoral student in
psychology at McGill University. Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance. “What I noticed in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare myself.” Thai says. Reading posts from famous people and influencers, as well as people in her own social network, led to a lack of self-confidence.
So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reducing time on social media would improve body image. They gathered a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25. all of whom had experienced symptoms(症状)of anxiety or depression—which could make them easily influenced by social media. Half of the volunteers were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media with no limits.
The researchers gave the volunteers surveys at the beginning and end of the study, including statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. The change may seem small, but any change in such a short period of time is worth noticing.
“It’s encouraging that college students were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks,” psychologist Andrea Graham says. While this study included people with symptoms of anxiety or depression, Graham says it’s worth applying this approach to other groups, such as people with eating problems.
28.What is the probable meaning of the underlined sentence in para 2
A. Teens are forced to post their own images on social media
B. Teens couldn’t help but spend too much time on social media
C. Teens tends to compare themselves with others on social media
D. Teens are fooled into believing false information on social media
29.How was the research conducted by Thai and a team of researchers
A. By listing numbers B. By giving examples
C. By making comparisons D. By analyzing causes and effects
30.What can we learn about the survey
A. The study included people with mental health and eating problems
B. There was little difference in appearance score between the two groups
C. College students were not willing to reduce screen time for more weeks
D. Cutting social media use makes a difference to teens’ opinion of their image
31.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage
A. Less screen time, more self-confidence B. Social media, a time bomb on your health
C. How to improve your image on social media D. Concern over social media addiction keeps growing
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现减少社交媒体的使用会让青少年对自己感觉更好，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及意义。
28.句意猜测题。根据第二段“Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance. “What I noticed in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare myself.” Thai says.(她的研究发现，将每天看屏幕的时间限制在一小时左右，有助于焦虑的青少年和年轻人对自己的身体形象和外表感觉更好。“我在社交媒体上注意到的是，我忍不住拿自己做比较。”Thai说)”可知，后文指出青少年喜欢在社交媒体上和他人比较，故划线句子意思是“青少年倾向于在社交媒体上与他人比较”，故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Half of the volunteers were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media with no limits.(一半的志愿者被要求在三周内将每天使用社交媒体的时间减少到60分钟。另一半继续无限制地使用社交媒体)”以及倒数第二段“The researchers gave the volunteers surveys at the beginning and end of the study, including statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale.(研究人员在研究开始和结束时对志愿者进行了调查，包括“我对自己的长相很满意”和“我对自己的体重很满意”等陈述。在减少社交媒体使用的小组中，外表的总分从2.95分提高到3.15分(满分为5分))”可知，Thai和一组研究人员的研究是通过比较进行的，故选C。
30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers gave the volunteers surveys at the beginning and end of the study, including statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale.(研究人员在研究开始和结束时对志愿者进行了调查，包括“我对自己的长相很满意”和“我对自己的体重很满意”等陈述。在减少社交媒体使用的小组中，外表的总分从2.95分提高到3.15分(满分为5分))”可知，减少社交媒体的使用会改变青少年对自己形象的看法，故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“U. S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there’s growing concern over it. Now, a new study published by the American Psychological(心理的)Association, confirms that teens seem to feel better about themselves when they cut back.(美国青少年每天花在屏幕上的时间超过8小时，这引起了越来越多的关注。现在，美国心理学协会发表的一项新研究证实，青少年在减少屏幕时间的时候似乎感觉更好)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现减少社交媒体的使用会让青少年对自己感觉更好，文章介绍
了研究开展的过程以及意义。由此可知，A选项“少看屏幕，更自信”最符合文章标题，故选A。
C篇-04
(江苏省常州市武进区、金坛区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food.
They had to assess(评估)how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods—but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
28. Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on
A. The means by which it affects mood. B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. Its impact on physical health. D. The extent to which it lifts mood.
29. How were the studies carried out
A. By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods.
B. By observing students’ different reactions to foods.
C. By collecting data about people from all walks of life
D. By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions.
30. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce a concept.
C. To make a suggestion. D. To present a fact.
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. The Science behind Comfort Food B. Comfort Food May not Work Wonders
C. Feeling Negative Try Comfort Food D. Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖安慰食品来缓解自己的情绪。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“ There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰)”以及第二段中“Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood.(心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事对大学生进行了一系列研究。研究人员调查了安慰性食物多大程度上能真正改善情绪)”可知，心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事调查了多少安慰性食物能真正改善情绪即该研究主要集中的是安慰性食物改善情绪的程度，故选D。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段中“They had to assess(评估)how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better.(他们必须评估他们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉)”可知，研究者评估了学生们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉即通过比较学生在不同场合的感受而开展的，故选D。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“The take-home message from the studies While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.(从这些研究中得出的结论是什么？虽然安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用。当然，每个人都可以偶尔放纵一下，但总的来说，这些都是例外，而不是规则)”可知，本段告知读者安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用，因此缓解
情绪应该选择一些别的方法。故推断文章最后一段是作者想要给读者们提出建议，故选C。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰)”以及通读全文可知，文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖舒适食品来缓解自己的情绪。由此可知，A选项“Comfort Food May not Work Wonders(安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹)”能够概括文章主要内容，符合标题，故选B。
C篇-05
(江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time outdoors,” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, scuba diving, and windsurfing.
“In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.
Vaz had an interest in the medium of film, and decided to pursue a career in wildlife filmmaking. Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, writer, and presenter.
After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, cover a wide range. And while she’s been asked to define her focus, she prefers variety, and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear.
Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories-she’s also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the message of the films they work on.
From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We
need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”
28.Which of the following helped Vaz combine adventure with nature protection
A. Wildlife film-making. B. Free lifestyle.
C. Childhood experience. D. Outdoor activities.
29.What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention
A. Vaz’s home on the coast. B. Vaz’s experience of mountain climbing.
C. The history of Green Oscar. D. The illegal hunting of mantas.
30.What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz
A. The backgrounds of policy makers. B. The influence of films.
C. The guidance from environmentalists. D. The combined efforts of people.
31.Which of the following best describes Vaz
A. Enthusiastic but careless. B. Adventurous and insightful.
C. Knowledgeable but proud. D. Humorous and patient.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. B
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国家地理探险家Malaika Vaz将冒险与自然保护结合起来，从事野生动物电影制作。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段““In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.(Vaz说：“在我十几岁的时候，我开始觉得，如果没有保护我们探索的自然空间的意图，冒险就没有任何意义。”她开始寻找一个既能满足她对冒险的渴望，又能让她支持物种和生态系统保护的出路)”可知，童年经历帮助Vaz将冒险与自然保护结合起来，故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第四段“After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.(在她家附近的海岸爱上蝠鲼后，她发现它们被非法猎杀，于是她把自己打扮成一名海鲜贸易商，尽可能地接近这个问题。她追踪了世界上许多地方的人贩子，以找出蝠鲼被杀害的原因。她分享了秘密制作Peng Yu Sai的挑战，这是她获得奥斯卡绿色提名的电影)”可知，电影Peng Yu Sai提到了蝠鲼的非法捕猎，故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段“From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in
the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”(从Vaz的角度来看，真正改善地球的方式取决于来自不同背景的许多有能力的人。“事实是，我们不需要十个真正热情、坚定的环保主义者。我们需要1亿或100万人能在这个领域做一点事情，并在他们的能力范围内改变事情。”)”可知，Vaz认为，保护地球真正重要的是人们的共同努力，故选D。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段“National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure.(国家地理探险家Malaika Vaz从很早的时候就知道她注定要去冒险)”以及最后一段“From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”(从Vaz的角度来看，真正改善地球的方式取决于来自不同背景的许多有能力的人。“事实是，我们不需要十个真正热情、坚定的环保主义者。我们需要1亿或100万人能在这个领域做一点事情，并在他们的能力范围内改变事情。”)”可推知，Vaz有冒险精神和洞察力，故选B。
C篇-06
(江苏省南通市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)It’s difficult to determine whether social media is safe enough for children’s mental health, according to a new report from Dr. Vivek Murthy.
Although there are some benefits, social media use brings “a great risk of harm” to kids. “We’re in the middle of a youth mental health crisis, and I’m concerned that technology companies are contributing to it,” Dr. Murthy said.
“It is generally believed that parents and kids should be responsible for managing social media, despite the fact that these platforms are designed to increase the amount of time that our kids spend on them,” he said. “So that is not a fair fight. It’s time for us to support parents and kids.”
Up to 95% of kids aged 13 to 17 report using social media, with more than a third saying they use it “frequently”. And although 13 is commonly the minimum(最小的)age to use social media sites in the US, the report notes that nearly 40% of kids aged 8 to 12 use the platforms, as well.
One study of 6,595 US adolescents between ages 12 and 15 found that those who spent more than three hours a day on social media had twice the risk of symptoms(症状)of depression and anxiety as non-users, the report notes. It also cites(引用)studies that found reducing social media use led to improvements in mental health.
Murthy says he hopes the report will encourage measures before it is too late. “Independent researchers tell us
that they have a hard time getting the information they need from technology companies about the health effects on kids,” he said. “Social media companies should be responsible for protecting children as other industries are. As to other products that kids use, we take the approach of safety first. We need to do it here, too.”
28.What causes children’s mental problems according to Murthy
A. Risk of addiction. B. Parents’ management.
C. Technology companies. D. Children’s learning stress.
29.How does the author prove the children’s heavy use of social media
A. By listing data. B. By providing facts. C. By giving examples. D. By explaining causes.
30.What is the report based on
A. Public opinions. B. Previous studies. C. Field observation. D. Family relationships.
31.What does Muthy want to stress in the last paragraph
A. Health effects of social media on kids. B. Safely for kids concerning all products.
C. Immediate action to protect the children. D. Difficulty in getting the needed information.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C
【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。Murthy博士的一份新报告表明，社交媒体对儿童的心理健康有着一定的影响，他认为，我们应立即采取行动保护儿童。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段““We’re in the middle of a youth mental health crisis, and I’m concerned that technology companies are contributing to it,” Dr. Murthy said.(“我们正处于一场青少年心理健康危机之中，我担心科技公司会助长这种危机，”Murthy博士说)”可知，根据Murthy博士的话，科技公司导致了孩子们的心理健康问题，故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Up to 95% of kids aged 13 to 17 report using social media, with more than a third saying they use it “frequently”. And although 13 is commonly the minimum age to use social media sites in the US, the report notes that nearly 40% of kids aged 8 to 12 use the platforms, as well.(在13岁至17岁的孩子中，多达95%的人使用社交媒体，超过三分之一的人说他们“经常”使用社交媒体。虽然在美国，13岁通常是使用社交媒体网站的最低年龄，但报告指出，近40%的8至12岁的孩子也在使用这些平台)”可知，作者通过列举数据来证明孩子们过度使用社交媒体，故选A。
30.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“One study of 6,595 US adolescents between ages 12 and 15 found that those who spent more than three hours a day on social media had twice the risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety as non-users, the report notes. It also cites studies that found reducing social media use led to improvements in mental health.(报告指出，一项针对6595名12至15岁美国青少年的研究发现，每天在社交媒体上花费超
过3小时的人出现抑郁和焦虑症状的风险是不使用社交媒体的人的两倍。它还引用了一些研究，发现减少社交媒体的使用可以改善心理健康)”可以看出，该报告基于以前的研究得出结论，故选B项。
31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Murthy says he hopes the report will encourage measures before it is too late.(Murthy说他希望这份报告能够鼓励采取措施，以免为时过晚)”及下文内容可推知，Muthy在最后一段想要强调“应立即采取行动保护儿童”这一观点，故选C。
C篇-07
(江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Chinese government and tech companies are working together to speed up the digitalization(数字化)of rarely used Chinese characters, which will allow them to be recognized by computers as the country's banks, hospitals and government departments move deals online. However, for lack of technical support, many people's names and place names can not be put in. This has caused troubles in life, such as opening bank accounts and booking transportation tickets.
The public are now invited to photograph unusual characters and send them through a mini program fixed into We Chat, a popular messaging app. If they pass expert approval, they will be added to China's official set of coded(编码的)characters, known as GB 18030. The latest version of GB18030 has more than 80, 000 Chinese characters. However, most computers only support the input and display of about 30, 000 commonly used characters.
Roughly 60 million people in China have names that contain rare characters and a signifcant number of place names and ancient texts have difficulty being digitalized due to unrecognized characters contained within.
Lin Sumiao, a lawyer based in Beijing, said her name, containing a rare character “su”, was constantly shown as “miao” on exam admission cards when she was in school, and the situation still happens when she prints flight boarding passes.
Lin is unwilling to change her given name as it carries special significance to her. The character “su” consists of characters “geng” and “sheng”, the latter part of the phrase “zi li geng sheng” meaning“to rely on oneself.“The character contains my parents' wish for me to grow up into an independent soul,” she said.
Digitalizing the Chinese characters is difficult, as each character must be represented in a unique form. The digitalization of uncommon characters is a complex systematic project, which requires government guidance and contributions by input methods, program developers, and operating systems.
Despite the difficulties involved, digitalization must continue to not only solve practical problems, but also to protect and pass down Chinese culture. Every rare character is a part of cultural treasures. They shall not be lost in
the digital time nor become a block to digital society.
28. Why does the government quicken the digitalization of rare Chinese characters
A. To get the public familiar with more rare names.
B. To provide technical support for people's daily work.
C. To make it possible to put in uncommon characters.
D. To encourage online businesses across the country.
29. What can we say about GB 18030
A. It is part of a We Chat program. B. It is a system of coded characters.
C. It consists of rare Chinese characters. D. It is fully supported by most computers.
30. What can be inferred from Lin Sumiao’s case
A. Digitalizing rare characters saves people trouble.
B. Rare characters carry with them special meanings.
C. Chinese people favour names with rare characters.
D. It is unwise to have names with common characters.
31. What is the value of the character digitalization
A. It proves that Chinese characters are unique from other languages.
B. It shows off teamwork of professionals in a wide variety of fields.
C. It is a breakthrough that pushes forward the growth of technology.
D. It smoothes the way to a convenient life and cultural development.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字数字化的必要性和困难，以及解决方案。
28.细节理解题。由文章第一段“Chinese government and tech companies are working together to speed up the digitalization(数字化)of rarely used Chinese characters, which will allow them to be recognized by computers as the country's banks, hospitals and government departments move deals online. However, for lack of technical support, many people's names and place names can not be put in. This has caused troubles in life, such as opening bank accounts and booking transportation tickets.(中国政府和科技公司正在共同努力，加快对很少使用的汉字进行数字化处理，这将使中国的银行、医院和政府部门能够在网上交易时识别这些汉字。然而，由于缺乏技术支持，许多人的姓名和地名无法输入。这给生活带来了麻烦，比如开银行账户、订交通票)”可知，政府加快汉字数字化是为了使输入不常见的汉字成为可能，故选C。
29.细节理解题。由文章第二段中“If they pass expert approval, they will be added to China's official set of
coded(编码的)characters, known as GB 18030. The latest version of GB18030 has more than 80, 000 Chinese characters. However, most computers only support the input and display of about 30, 000 commonly used characters.(它们将被添加到中国的官方编码字符集，即GB18030中。最新版本的GB18030有8万多个汉字。然而，大多数计算机只支持大约3万个常用字符的输入和显示)”可知，GB18030是一个编码字符系统，故选B。
30.推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Lin is unwilling to change her given name as it carries special significance to her. The character “su” consists of characters “geng” and “sheng”, the latter part of the phrase “zi li geng sheng” meaning“to rely on oneself. “The character contains my parents’ wish for me to grow up into an independent soul,” she said.(林不愿意改变自己的名字，因为这个名字对她来说有着特殊的意义。“甦”字由“更”和“生”两个字组成，名字后半部分“自励更生”的意思是“依靠自己”。“这个字包含了我父母希望我成长为一个独立的灵魂的愿望，”她说)”可知，罕见的文字带有特殊的含义，故选B。
31.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Despite the difficulties involved, digitalization must continue to not only solve practical problems, but also to protect and pass down Chinese culture. Every rare character is a part of cultural treasures. They shall not be lost in the digital time nor become a block to digital society.(尽管困难重重，数字化不仅要解决实际问题，还要保护和传承中国文化。每一个罕见的文字都是文化瑰宝的一部分。它们不应该在数字时代迷失，也不应该成为数字社会的绊脚石)”可知，汉字数字化为便利的生活和文化发展铺平了道路，故选D。
C篇-08
(江苏省宿迁市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)When Kim Ji-un lived in Seoul, the capital city of Korea, she was worried about finding a goo d job and a nice place to live. But now, she fears that natural disasters may ruin her potatoes and corn.
Ms Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon, or returning to rural life. Created a thousand years ago, the term comes up during periods of economic hardship, when people in cities are forced to move back to their hometown to farm. This time, in the wake of the worldwide crisis, the government encourages many new farmers who have never lived in the countryside before to return to the farmland, and sees it as a way to bring about economy growth in rural areas. By planting young farmers in rural areas now, the government hopes to reap big rewards in future.
The plan is working as expected. In 2021 nearly 380,000 people moved to the countryside, up 15% from 2015. The new generation care less than earlier ones whether they can get a job in a big company. Some do not want to become like their fathers who do nothing but work; others are puzzled at their future, and say that they know they
will never be a success like their father.
Being equipped with digital technology gives young farmers an advantage, and the most important part is how to get on with the locals. Life in the countryside is more different, where people live together and share together. Newcomers are expected to abandon their urban ways of life and the neighbor’s doorways, not just your own, should be cleared when it is convenient for you. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers, especially the young ones, through role-playing sessions.
28.What is Kim Ji-un’s concern now
A. Her job. B. Her crops.
C. Her future. D. Her hometown.
29.Why does the government encourage young people to return to farm
A. To develop rural areas. B. To promote local culture.
C. To protect the environment. D. To maintain social stability.
30.What can be inferred about the plan
A. It fails eventually. B. It functions well.
C. It causes excitement. D. It poses challenges.
31.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph
A. Locals should be able to do role-playing activities.
B. Newcomers have abandoned their urban ways of life.
C. Life in the countryside is more about caring about each other.
D. Villagers have the responsibility to clear the neighbor’s doorways.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了韩国出现的“归农”现象。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But now, she fears that natural disasters may ruin her potatoes and corn.(但现在，她担心自然灾害可能会毁掉她的土豆和玉米)”可知，Kim Ji-un现在担心的事情是自己的农作物，故选B。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This time, in the wake of the worldwide crisis, the government encourages many new farmers who have never lived in the countryside before to return to the farmland, and sees it as a way to bring about economy growth in rural areas.(这一次，在全球危机之后，政府鼓励许多之前从未在农村生活过的新农民重返农田，并将其视为实现农村经济增长的一种方式)”可知，政府鼓励年轻人重返农田是为了发展农村，故选A。
30.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plan is working as expected. In 2021 nearly 380,000 people moved to the
countryside, up 15% from 2015.(该计划按预期在进行着。2021年，近38万人移居农村，比2015年增长了15%)”可知，政府鼓励年轻人回归农村的计划按照预期发展，越来越多的人移居农村。由此可推测出，这个计划运行良好，故选B。
31.句意猜测题。根据画线句“Newcomers are expected to abandon their urban ways of life and the neighbor’s doorways, not just your own, should be cleared when it is convenient for you.(人们希望新来的人放弃他们的城市生活方式，邻居的门口，而不仅仅是你自己的门口，应该在你方便的时候清理干净)”可知，农村的人希望新来者能够在打扫自己门口的同时也顺便打扫邻居的门口。由此可推测出，农村的生活方式和城市的生活方式不同，这里更加需要人们相互照顾，故选C。
C篇-09
(江苏省淮安市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)The year 2023 is called the Year of the Rabbit in China and the Year of the Cat in Vietnam. How the cat replaced the rabbit in Vietnam is still the subject of debate(争论).
Both countries follow a calendar based on 12 signs of a zodiac(生肖)represented by 12 animals. No one knows exactly how the 12 animals came to be named. But ancient storytellers said the Jade Emperor, or the Buddha, organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac.
In the Chinese version of the story, the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race, turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since. As to the rabbit, it crossed the river by jumping on the tops of stones in the river. When the rabbit got there, no others were around, so it went off to the side and slept. By the time the rabbit woke up, three others had already arrived.
However, in the Vietnamese version which did not have a rabbit, the cat could swim and ended up arriving fourth. The top twelve finishers which appear in the zodiac were rat, ox, tiger, cat(or rabbit), dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.
Philippe Papin is an expert on Vietnamese history at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris. He told the Northwest Asian Weekly in 2011 that one possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language.
He said in old Chinese, there is a little-used word tied to the sign of the rabbit(卯)that is pronounced like mao. The pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat.
This year, another website, VNExpress, said many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed cases for their mobile phones. And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is “why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac.”
28.The race of animals is mentioned to explore ________.
A. the reason for the victory of the cat
B. how the 12 animals were selected in China
C. how the rabbit got replaced by the cat in China’s zodiac
D. the reasons behind the difference between the two zodiacs
29.What does “three others” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The rat, the ox and the horse. B. The tiger, the cat and the ox.
C. The rat, the ox and the tiger. D. The cat, the rat and the snake
30.What caused the rabbit to be replaced according to Papin
A. The race organized by the Jade Emperor.
B. The different customs of the two countries
C. The excellent performance of the Vietnamese cat
D. The similar pronunciation of certain words in the two languages
31.What does the last paragraph imply
A. The Year of the cat or the rabbit raises public interest in Vietnam.
B. Google plays an increasingly important role in Vietnam.
C. Rabbit-themed cases for mobile phones become a hit in China.
D. Cat-themed cases for mobile phones enjoy popularity in China.
【答案】28. D 28. C 29. D 30. A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别。在越南生肖中猫取代了中国生肖中兔子。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段中“No one knows exactly how the 12 animals came to be named. But ancient storytellers said the Jade Emperor, or the Buddha, organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac.(没有人确切知道这12种动物是如何被命名的。但古代的故事讲述者说，玉皇大帝或佛陀组织了一场世界上所有动物的过河比赛。最先到达另一边的12个将出现在黄道十二宫)”、第三段中“In the Chinese version of the story, the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.(在这个故事的中国版本中，猫和老鼠骑着牛过河，老鼠把猫推到了水里)”和第四段中“However, in the Vietnamese version which did not have a rabbit, the cat could swim and ended up arriving fourth.(然而，在没有兔子的越南版本中，猫会游泳，最终获得第四名)”可推知，文中用动物过河的比赛来探究两个国家生肖不一样的原因，故选D项。
29.词义猜测题。根据第三段中“By the time the rabbit woke up, three others had already arrived.(当兔子醒来的时候，另外三种动物已经到了)”和第四段中“The top twelve finishers which appear in the zodiac were rat, ox, tiger, cat(or rabbit), dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.(十二生肖中排名前十二的是鼠、牛、虎、猫(或兔)、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪)”可推知，句中“three others”是指排在猫(兔)前面的鼠、牛和虎，故选C项。
30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He said in old Chinese, there is a little-used word tied to the sign of the rabbit(卯)that is pronounced like mao. The pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat.(他说，在古汉语中，有一个很少使用的词与兔子的宫(卯)有关，它发音像“mao”。其发音类似于越南语中表示猫的单词“mèo”)”可知，Papin认为两种语言中某些词的发音相似导致在越南生肖中兔子被猫替换，故选D项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is “why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac.”(越南最热门的谷歌搜索之一是“为什么中国十二生肖里没有猫”)”可推知，在越南，猫年或兔年引起了公众的兴趣，故选A项。
C篇-10
(江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Scientists exploring a marine trench(海沟)near Japan were surprised to find a type of snailfish in one of the deepest parts of the ocean, at 8, 336 meters below the surface. The creature is probably the deepest fish anyone will ever find.
“They can’t really go any deeper,” says deep-sea scientist Alan Jamieson of the University of West Australia, who led the team that made the discovery, considering the theoretical limit of fish physiology(生理机能)is around 8, 400 meters to ensure that fish cells don’t become too small at such enormous pressures. “If anyone does find fish deeper than this, it will not be by much,” Jamieson says. The previous record holder, a junior snail fish seen in the Mariana Trench, was filmed at a depth of 8, 178 meters in 2017.
Prosanta Chakrabarty, director of fishes at Louisiana State University’s Museum of Natural Science, is impressed that the fish could survive so far down, where the water pressure is 800tes that of the surface. “At that depth, everything from gas exchange for breathing to nearly every physiological function seems impossible,” he says. “I can barely swim to the bottom of a swimming pool without my ears exploding.”
Jamieson’s team discovered the snail fish in August 2022 at the bottom of the Izu-Ogasawara Trench, near the main islands of Japan. To explore deep ocean trenches, the team was using manned and unmanned underwater vehicles equipped with cameras, lights and batteries, along with a weight to carry the equipment to the seafloor, unexpectedly photographing the fish.
The warmer water seems to be why the snail fish survive. These snail fish are living near the edge of what’s possible. “The difference is less than a degree, so we wouldn’t care,” Jamieson says. “But it makes a difference to sea animals.”
In an e-mail to Scientific American, Dahiana Arcila, a scientist who studies fishes noted the part played by technology in the discovery. “Detectors and landers will gain a deeper understanding of the unexplored regions of our planet’s oceans,” she wrote.
28.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. The snail fish is native to the marine trench.
B. The finding is within the expectations of the scientist.
C. It was the Japanese scientists that conducted the exploration.
D. The fish maybe the deepest one in the ocean now and forever.
29.What do the explorations in 2017 and 2022 have in common
A. They both made record-breaking discoveries.
B. They both used manned and unmanned vehicles.
C. They both expanded the limit of fish physiology.
D. They both found snail fish at a depth of 8, 400 metres.
30.How does Prosanta Chakrabarty feel about the latest finding
A. Concerned. B. Confused. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
31.What does the author want to show by mentioning an e-mail in the last paragraph
A. To emphasize the necessity of marine exploration.
B. To encourage a deeper exploration of unknown oceans.
C. To stress the role of advanced technology in the research.
D. To confirm the importance of the discovery to our planet.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在日本附近的海沟深处发现的一种蜗牛鱼的不同之处。
28.细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Scientists exploring a marine trench(海沟)near Japan were surprised to find a type of snailfish in one of the deepest parts of the ocean, at 8, 336 meters below the surface.(科学家们在日本附近的海沟中探险时，惊讶地发现，在海洋最深处的一个地方，海面下8336米处，有一种蜗牛)”可知，这种蜗牛鱼被发现于这个海沟，但没有说这种鱼是原产于这个海沟，故选项A错误。根据第一段中“Scientists exploring a marine trench(海沟)near Japan were surprised to find(在日本附近的海沟探险的科学家们惊讶地
发现)”，可知科学家对于这次发现也很吃惊，故排除选项B；通过这句话也可判断科学家在日本发现了这种生物，但文章并没有提及科学家的国籍，故排除选项C。“The creature is probably the deepest fish anyone will ever find.(这种生物可能是人们能找到的最深的鱼)”可知，这种鱼生活在海洋深处，环境超越了生存极限，故从现在到永远这种鱼都可能是海洋中最深的鱼，故选D。
29.细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The creature is probably the deepest fish anyone will ever find.(这种生物可能是任何人都能找到的最深的鱼)”可知，2022年发现的蜗牛鱼打破了之前的记录。由文章第二段中“The previous record holder, a junior snail fish seen in the Mariana Trench, was filmed at a depth of 8, 178 meters in 2017.(之前的纪录保持者是一条在马里亚纳海沟发现的小蜗牛鱼，它于2017年在8178米的深度被拍摄到)”可知，之前的纪录保持者是2017年被发现的，故两个不同年份的发现都是破纪录的发现，且2017年的发现是在8178米的深度，故选项A正确，选项D错误。选项B和选项C没有被提及，故被排除，故选A。
30.推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Prosanta Chakrabarty, director of fishes at Louisiana State University’s Museum of Natural Science, is impressed that the fish could survive so far down, where the water pressure is 800tes that of the surface. “At that depth, everything from gas exchange for breathing to nearly every physiological function seems impossible,” he says. “I can barely swim to the bottom of a swimming pool without my ears exploding.”(路易斯安那州立大学自然科学博物馆鱼类部主任洛桑塔·查克拉巴蒂对这种鱼能在水下生存这么深的地方留下了深刻的印象，那里的水压是水面的800倍。“在那个深度，从呼吸的气体交换到几乎所有的生理功能，一切似乎都是不可能的，”他说。“我几乎不能游到泳池底而耳朵不爆炸。”)”可知，Prosanta Chakrabarty对于这种鱼能生活在这样的环境感到非常吃惊，故选C。
31.细节理解题。由文章最后一段“In an e-mail to Scientific American, Dahiana Arcila, a scientist who studies fishes noted the part played by technology in the discovery. “Detectors and landers will gain a deeper understanding of the unexplored regions of our planet’s oceans,” she wrote.(在给《科学美国人》的一封电子邮件中，研究鱼类的科学家达希安娜·阿西拉指出了技术在这一发现中所起的作用。她写道：“探测器和着陆器将更深入地了解我们星球上尚未探索过的海洋区域。”)”可知，写邮件的达希安娜·阿西拉认为先进技术在研究中起了非常重要的作用，故选C。
D篇-01
(江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Since Neolithic(新石器时代的)times, sculpture has been considered the privilege of men as it was assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth-century that
women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louis Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.”
Her works have been compared to the Cubist(立体主义的)constructions of Picasso, the surrealistic(超现实主义的)objects of Miro and the Merzhau of Schwitters. And she would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind.”
Using mostly thrown-away wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, she makes architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These collections, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has refused to admit any symbolic or religious intention in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur(宏伟)and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such meanings.
32.The passage mainly focuses on ________.
A. a general tendency in twentieth-century art
B. the artistic influences on women sculptors
C. the work of a particular woman artist
D. critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture
33.What can be inferred from Hilton Kramer’s comment on Louis Nevelson
A. She has the ability to combine sculpture and painting.
B. Her creativity and originality make her work unique.
C. Her work is so expressive that no painters can compete with her.
D. People turned their interest to sculpture instead of painting due to her talents.
34.About Nevelson’s sculptures, the author believes _______.
A. they are uniquely American in style and sensibility
B. they show the influence of twentieth-century architecture
C. they do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture
D. they suggest religious and symbolic meanings
35.What might Nevelson’s sculptures be like according to the last paragraph
A. They are sometimes very large. B. They are often painted in several colors.
C. They are meant for display outdoors. D. They are built around a central wooden object.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当今杰出的女性雕塑家Louis Nevelson，包括她的创作思想、作品特点和作品意蕴等信息。
32.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了当今杰出的女性雕塑家Louis Nevelson，包括她的创作思想、作品特点和作品意蕴。由此可知，文章主要是围绕这位女艺术家的作品展开的，故选C项。
33.推理判断题。根据第一段中Hilton Kramer的评论“For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.(就我个人而言，我认为Nevelson女士成功的地方往往是画家们失败的地方)”以及该评论之前的“By far the most outstanding of these women is Louis Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today.(到目前为止，这些女性中最杰出的是Louis Nevelson，在许多评论家眼中，她是当今最具独创性的女艺术家)”可知，Nevelson的雕塑作品能够展现画家们的画作无法展示的东西，这是没有创造力和独创性就难以达到的艺术成就。由此推知，Nevelson具有非凡的创造力和独创性，因而她的作品能够独一无二，故选B项。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Although she has refused to admit any symbolic or religious intention in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur(宏伟)and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such meanings.(虽然她拒绝承认她的作品中有任何象征或宗教的意图，但他们的三维宏伟甚至他们的名字，如《天空大教堂》和《夜晚大教堂》，都暗示了这种意义)”可知，作者认为Nevelson的雕塑具有宗教和象征意义，故选D项。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These collections, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has refused to admit any symbolic or religious intention in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur(宏伟)and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such meanings.(这些艺术品、墙壁、甚至整个环境创造了一种神秘的、几乎令人敬畏的氛围。虽然她拒绝承认她的作品中有任何象征或宗教的意图，但他们的三维宏伟甚至他们的名字，如《天空大教堂》和《夜晚大教堂》，都暗示了这种意义)”可知，Nevelson的雕塑作品具有令人敬畏的氛围，非常宏伟。由此推知，这些作品应该有时体积非常庞大，故选A项。
D篇-02
(江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed(超加工)foods may contribute to overall cognitive(认知的)decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive
functioning(执行功能)—the ability to process information and make decisions.
We all know eating ultraprocessed foods that make our lives easier—such as prepackaged soups, sauces, frozen pizza and ready-to-eat meals—isn’t good for our health. Nor is eating up all the pleasure foods that we love so much: hot dogs, sausages, burgers, french fries, sodas, cookies, cakes, candies, doughnuts and ice cream, to name just a few.
Tanzi, who has written in his book The Healing Self: A Revolutionary New Plan to Supercharge Your Immunity and Stay Well for Life, said the key problem with ultra processed foods is that they are usually very high in sugar, salt and fat, all of which promote systemic inflammation(炎症), perhaps the most major harm to healthy aging in the body and brain.
“Meanwhile, since they are convenient as a quick meal, they also replace eating food that is high in plant fiber that is important for maintaining the health and balance of the trillions of bacteria(细菌)in your gut microbiome(肠道),” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.”
Ultraprocessed foods are defined as “industrial formulations(配方)of food substances(成分)(oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates)that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings, and other chemical additives,” according to the study.
“People who consumed more than 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who ate less than 20%,” said study coauthor Natalia Goncalves.
“People need to know they should cook more and prepare their own food from scratch. I know. We say we don’t have time but it really doesn’t take that much time,” Suemoto said.
“And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain from dementia(精神错乱)or Alzheimer’s disease,” she added. “That’s the take-home message: Stop buying things that are superprocessed.”
32. Which of the following doesn’t belong to ultraprocessed foods
A. Potato. B. Ready-to-eat meals. C. Ice cream. D. Sodas.
33. Why do ultraprocessed foods have a negative effect on people’s cognition
A. They reduce the areas of the brain involved in executive functioning.
B. Illnesses promoted by their sugar, salt and fat lead to brain aging.
C. Their trillions of bacteria may increase the risk of brain diseases.
D. People who consume more calories from them may think fast.
34. What is Suemoto’s attitude to ultraprocessed foods
A. Objective. B. Cautious. C. Opposed. D. Favorable.
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. Stop buying things that are superprocessed.
B. Ultraprocessed foods fail cognition.
C. Cook more and prepare your own food.
D. Eating plays an important role in protecting brains.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，研究表明摄入过多超加工食品会使人的认知能力下降。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段“We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier—such as prepackaged soups, sauces, frozen pizza and ready-to-eat meals—isn’t good for our health. Nor is eating up all the pleasure foods that we love so much: hot dogs, sausages, burgers, french fries, sodas, cookies, cakes, candies, doughnuts and ice cream, to name just a few.(众所周知，那些让我们的生活变得更加轻松的超加工食品——比如预制的汤、酱料、冷冻披萨和快餐都对我们的健康有害。而那些为我们带来愉悦并被我们大口吞下的食品，比如热狗、香肠、汉堡包、法式炸薯条、苏打水、饼干、蛋糕、糖果、甜甜圈和冰激凌等等同样对我们的健康没好处)”可知，即食餐、冰激凌和苏打水都属于超加工食品，而土豆不属于超加工食品，故选A。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Tanzi, who has written in his book The Healing Self: A Revolutionary New Plan to Supercharge Your Immunity and Stay Well for Life, said the key problem with ultra processed foods is that they are usually very high in sugar, salt and fat, all of which promote systemic inflammation(炎症), perhaps the most major harm to healthy aging in the body and brain.(Tanzi在他的书《治愈自我：增强免疫力和终身健康的革命性新计划》中写道，超加工食品的关键问题是它们通常高糖、高盐、高脂肪，所有这些都会加速全身性炎症。而全身性炎症也许就是身体和大脑正常老去的最大威胁)”可知，超加工食品对人们的认知产生负面影响是因为由糖、盐和脂肪引起的疾病会导致大脑衰老，故选B。
34.推理判断题。根据最后一段““And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain from dementia(精神错乱)or Alzheimer’s disease,” she added. “That’s the take-home message: Stop buying things that are superprocessed.”(“这样做是值得的，因为你在这一过程中保护了自己的心脏并避免自己的大脑患上痴呆或阿兹海默症。这里所传达的一个重要信息是：不要再买那些超加工食品了。”)”可知，Suemoto对超加工食品的态度是反对的，故选C。
35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed(超加工)foods may
contribute to overall cognitive(认知的)decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive functioning(执行功能)— the ability to process information and make decisions.(现在，一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑中与执行功能有关的区域，即处理信息和做出决策的能力)”可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究，研究表明摄入过多超加工食品会使人的认知能力下降，故选B。
D篇-03
(江苏省南京市六校联合体2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)China’s space industry has made great achievements, which makes us occupy a place in the world space field. After 11 years, China has finally completed its Tiangong space station with the docking(对接)its Mengtian lab module, establishing the Tiangong as the second operational space station apart from the US-led, multinational International Space Station.
On November 1, the Mengtian lab module, the third and final part of its Tiangong space station docked with the core Tianhe module 13 hours after being launched. Next, the Tianhe and Mengtian modules will dock with the Wentian lab module, completing Tiangong’s T-shaped basic structure. The 17.88-meter-long, 23-ton Mengtian module is the heaviest operational single-cabin(舱)active spacecraft in orbit. Mengtian consists of a work cabin, a goods airlock cabin, a payload cabin and resource cabin. In addition, it has eight scientific experiment rooms and 37 extravehicular(舱外的)installation(安装)options.
One of the more ambitious aims of China’s space program is to position the country as a leading provider of space-based international public goods and services, such as planetary defense. Last month, Asia Times reported about China’s plans to conduct its first asteroid(行星)direction-changing test in 2025 or 2026. China has also taken pioneering steps in Mar exploration. A good example is the completion of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission. China has also stated that it is willing to share scientific data from its Tianwen-l mission at an appropriate time and that scientists are welcome to apply for research over the data.
Moreover, China has also announced plans to send men to the moon, helping its future settlement and economic use. And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027. The base, the International Lunar Research Station, is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities.
Reflecting China’s open-door space policy, the Tiangong is designed to be “inclusive” and adaptable for foreign astronauts.
32.Which statement is true about the Mengtian module according to the text
A. It has docked with the Wentian lab module.
B. It is an significant part of Tiangong space station.
C. It is made up of four scientific experiment cabins.
D. It is heavier than all the other single-cabin spaceships.
33.Why did the author mention “China’s plan” in paragraph 4
A. To present a fact. B. To explain a rule.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To make a prediction.
34.How will China explore the moon
A. By sending men to the settlement of the moon.
B. By providing clear photos of the planet’s surface.
C. By sharing scientific data from its Tianwen-1 mission.
D. By setting up a moon base for multiple scientific activities.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. International Space Station Suffers Wear and Tear
B. Side by Side, China Works with UN Member States
C. Step by Step, China Finds Its Footing in Outer Space
D. Tiangong Space Station Is Established Little by Little
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的航天事业取得了巨大的成就，这使我们在世界航天领域占有一席之地。11年后，中国终于完成了天宫空间站与梦天实验舱的对接，使天阅读理解(说明文&议论文)(江苏专用)
说明：语篇标号和题目序号仿新高考(下同)
C篇-01
(江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)A broken heart. A sad ending to a love affair. That’s something most of us have experienced. After all, it’s part of human life. But no question, the experience can be destructive.
However, research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate(激活)empathy(共鸣)and the desire to connect with others—both ways through the prison of heartache and despair.
Sad music can help heal and improve your condition from your broken heart. A recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to sad music can activate feelings of empathy, sympathy, and a desire for positive connection with others. That, itself, is psychologically healing. It draws you away from the loss of yourself, and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was “beautiful but sad” strengthened their mood. In fact, it did so when the person first consciously had their awareness of the situation causing their sadness, and then began listening to the sad music. That is, when they intended that the sad music might help, they found that it did.
These findings link with other studies that show facing your sad situation emotionally—accepting reality as it is—leads to healing and growth beyond it. In short, admitting your full experience arouses hope. For example, research from Cornell University, found that admitting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, leads to motivation to find a pathway through it, beyond it. As Churchill famously said, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It fuels hope.
28.What can we learn from the study from Germany
A. Listening to sad music can cure people of heartache.
B. Realizing their sadness, people may willingly listen to sad music.
C. Embracing sadness, people can have a better future.
D. Listening to sad music can motivate people to connect with others.
29.Which of the following best illustrates the course of the psychologically healing of sadness
A. activate→connect→accept→grow B. accept→activate→connect→grow
C. connect→accept→activate→grow D. connect→activate→accept→grow
30.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 possibly mean
A. Walk alongside discomfort. B. Sadness stops you from growing.
C. Say no to those challenge you. D. Difficulties will not always stay with you.
31.What is a suitable title for the text
A. Listening to music makes you happy. B. Facing sadness bravely brings about hope.
C. Sad music can help people through. D. Music helps people accept sad reality.
C篇-02
(江苏省南京市江宁区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)From the moon to Mars, scientists have been looking for water—the key to life—in the solar system for decades. Recently, they have turned to Jupiter(木星)!
On April 14, the European Space Agency’s(ESA)JUICE spacecraft successfully lifted off from French Guiana in South America. JUICE, short for “Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”, will collect data from Jupiter and its three moons, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.
The three moons are believed to have big oceans of liquid water under their icy shells. According to ESA, the water on these moons could be as much as six times the amount in Earth’s oceans. The mission “will change our understanding of the solar system”, wrote Scientific American.
In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might send water as far as 160 kilometers into space. That gave scientists the idea of studying the icy moons of Jupiter.
The oceans under these moons are likely to be tens of kilometers deep. But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them. Although JUICE cannot land on the surface, it has lots of high-tech equipment to study the moon’s environment, including spectral imaging(光谱成像)tools and radar. They could give more data on things like the thickness of the oceans, their salt content, and their distance from the icy shells above, reported Phys.org.
“The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable(可居住的)environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter,” JUICE team member Olivier Witasse said during a press conference on April 6.
28.What do we know about JUICE
A. It left for Jupiter from the US. B. It got its name from how it looks.
C. It will become one of Jupiter’s moons. D. It will collect data from Jupiter and its moons.
29.The water on Europa might ________.
A. cover a small part of its surface
B. all come from its icy shell
C. have been thrown into space
D. be as much as six times the amount in Earth’s oceans
30.Which of the following words can replace the word “trapped” in paragraph 5
A. wandered B. wept C. kept D. declined
31.The JUICE spacecraft was launched mainly to ________.
A. find a possible way to solve the water shortage on Earth
B. find out if it is possible for life to live on Jupiter’s moons
C. explore if Jupiter has living things similar to human beings
D. test ways of keeping water on Europa, Ganymede and Callisto
C篇-03
(江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)U. S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there’s growing concern over it. Now, a new study published by the American Psychological(心理的)Association, confirms that teens seem to feel better about themselves when they cut back.
“Social media can feel like a comparison trap(陷阱),” says study author Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance. “What I noticed in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare myself.” Thai says. Reading posts from famous people and influencers, as well as people in her own social network, led to a lack of self-confidence.
So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether reducing time on social media would improve body image. They gathered a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25. all of whom had experienced symptoms(症状)of anxiety or depression—which could make them easily influenced by social media. Half of the volunteers were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media with no limits.
The researchers gave the volunteers surveys at the beginning and end of the study, including statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. The change may seem small, but any change in such a short period of time is worth noticing.
“It’s encouraging that college students were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks,” psychologist Andrea Graham says. While this study included people with symptoms of anxiety or depression, Graham says it’s worth applying this approach to other groups, such as people with eating problems.
28.What is the probable meaning of the underlined sentence in para 2
A. Teens are forced to post their own images on social media
B. Teens couldn’t help but spend too much time on social media
C. Teens tends to compare themselves with others on social media
D. Teens are fooled into believing false information on social media
29.How was the research conducted by Thai and a team of researchers
A. By listing numbers B. By giving examples
C. By making comparisons D. By analyzing causes and effects
30.What can we learn about the survey
A. The study included people with mental health and eating problems
B. There was little difference in appearance score between the two groups
C. College students were not willing to reduce screen time for more weeks
D. Cutting social media use makes a difference to teens’ opinion of their image
31.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage
A. Less screen time, more self-confidence B. Social media, a time bomb on your health
C. How to improve your image on social media D. Concern over social media addiction keeps growing
C篇-04
(江苏省常州市武进区、金坛区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food.
They had to assess(评估)how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods—but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
28. Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on
A. The means by which it affects mood. B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. Its impact on physical health. D. The extent to which it lifts mood.
29. How were the studies carried out
A. By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods.
B. By observing students’ different reactions to foods.
C. By collecting data about people from all walks of life
D. By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions.
30. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce a concept.
C. To make a suggestion. D. To present a fact.
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. The Science behind Comfort Food B. Comfort Food May not Work Wonders
C. Feeling Negative Try Comfort Food D. Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy
C篇-05
(江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time outdoors,” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, scuba diving, and windsurfing.
“In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.
Vaz had an interest in the medium of film, and decided to pursue a career in wildlife filmmaking. Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, writer, and presenter.
After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, cover a wide range. And while she’s been asked to define her focus, she prefers variety, and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear.
Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories-she’s also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the message of the films they work on.
From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”
28.Which of the following helped Vaz combine adventure with nature protection
A. Wildlife film-making. B. Free lifestyle.
C. Childhood experience. D. Outdoor activities.
29.What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention
A. Vaz’s home on the coast. B. Vaz’s experience of mountain climbing.
C. The history of Green Oscar. D. The illegal hunting of mantas.
30.What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz
A. The backgrounds of policy makers. B. The influence of films.
C. The guidance from environmentalists. D. The combined efforts of people.
31.Which of the following best describes Vaz
A. Enthusiastic but careless. B. Adventurous and insightful.
C. Knowledgeable but proud. D. Humorous and patient.
C篇-06
(江苏省南通市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)It’s difficult to determine whether social media is safe enough for children’s mental health, according to a new report from Dr. Vivek Murthy.
Although there are some benefits, social media use brings “a great risk of harm” to kids. “We’re in the middle of a youth mental health crisis, and I’m concerned that technology companies are contributing to it,” Dr. Murthy said.
“It is generally believed that parents and kids should be responsible for managing social media, despite the fact that these platforms are designed to increase the amount of time that our kids spend on them,” he said. “So that is not a fair fight. It’s time for us to support parents and kids.”
Up to 95% of kids aged 13 to 17 report using social media, with more than a third saying they use it “frequently”. And although 13 is commonly the minimum(最小的)age to use social media sites in the US, the report notes that nearly 40% of kids aged 8 to 12 use the platforms, as well.
One study of 6,595 US adolescents between ages 12 and 15 found that those who spent more than three hours a day on social media had twice the risk of symptoms(症状)of depression and anxiety as non-users, the report notes. It also cites(引用)studies that found reducing social media use led to improvements in mental health.
Murthy says he hopes the report will encourage measures before it is too late. “Independent researchers tell us that they have a hard time getting the information they need from technology companies about the health effects on kids,” he said. “Social media companies should be responsible for protecting children as other industries are. As to other products that kids use, we take the approach of safety first. We need to do it here, too.”
28.What causes children’s mental problems according to Murthy
A. Risk of addiction. B. Parents’ management.
C. Technology companies. D. Children’s learning stress.
29.How does the author prove the children’s heavy use of social media
A. By listing data. B. By providing facts. C. By giving examples. D. By explaining causes.
30.What is the report based on
A. Public opinions. B. Previous studies. C. Field observation. D. Family relationships.
31.What does Muthy want to stress in the last paragraph
A. Health effects of social media on kids. B. Safely for kids concerning all products.
C. Immediate action to protect the children. D. Difficulty in getting the needed information.
C篇-07
(江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Chinese government and tech companies are working together to speed up the digitalization(数字化)of rarely used Chinese characters, which will allow them to be recognized by computers as the country's banks, hospitals and government departments move deals online. However, for lack of technical support, many people's names and place names can not be put in. This has caused troubles in life, such as opening bank accounts and booking transportation tickets.
The public are now invited to photograph unusual characters and send them through a mini program fixed into We Chat, a popular messaging app. If they pass expert approval, they will be added to China's official set of coded(编码的)characters, known as GB 18030. The latest version of GB18030 has more than 80, 000 Chinese characters. However, most computers only support the input and display of about 30, 000 commonly used characters.
Roughly 60 million people in China have names that contain rare characters and a signifcant number of place names and ancient texts have difficulty being digitalized due to unrecognized characters contained within.
Lin Sumiao, a lawyer based in Beijing, said her name, containing a rare character “su”, was constantly shown as “miao” on exam admission cards when she was in school, and the situation still happens when she prints flight boarding passes.
Lin is unwilling to change her given name as it carries special significance to her. The character “su” consists of characters “geng” and “sheng”, the latter part of the phrase “zi li geng sheng” meaning“to rely on oneself.“The character contains my parents' wish for me to grow up into an independent soul,” she said.
Digitalizing the Chinese characters is difficult, as each character must be represented in a unique form. The digitalization of uncommon characters is a complex systematic project, which requires government guidance and contributions by input methods, program developers, and operating systems.
Despite the difficulties involved, digitalization must continue to not only solve practical problems, but also to protect and pass down Chinese culture. Every rare character is a part of cultural treasures. They shall not be lost in
the digital time nor become a block to digital society.
28. Why does the government quicken the digitalization of rare Chinese characters
A. To get the public familiar with more rare names.
B. To provide technical support for people's daily work.
C. To make it possible to put in uncommon characters.
D. To encourage online businesses across the country.
29. What can we say about GB 18030
A. It is part of a We Chat program. B. It is a system of coded characters.
C. It consists of rare Chinese characters. D. It is fully supported by most computers.
30. What can be inferred from Lin Sumiao’s case
A. Digitalizing rare characters saves people trouble.
B. Rare characters carry with them special meanings.
C. Chinese people favour names with rare characters.
D. It is unwise to have names with common characters.
31. What is the value of the character digitalization
A. It proves that Chinese characters are unique from other languages.
B. It shows off teamwork of professionals in a wide variety of fields.
C. It is a breakthrough that pushes forward the growth of technology.
D. It smoothes the way to a convenient life and cultural development.
C篇-08
(江苏省宿迁市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)When Kim Ji-un lived in Seoul, the capital city of Korea, she was worried about finding a goo d job and a nice place to live. But now, she fears that natural disasters may ruin her potatoes and corn.
Ms Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon, or returning to rural life. Created a thousand years ago, the term comes up during periods of economic hardship, when people in cities are forced to move back to their hometown to farm. This time, in the wake of the worldwide crisis, the government encourages many new farmers who have never lived in the countryside before to return to the farmland, and sees it as a way to bring about economy growth in rural areas. By planting young farmers in rural areas now, the government hopes to reap big rewards in future.
The plan is working as expected. In 2021 nearly 380,000 people moved to the countryside, up 15% from 2015. The new generation care less than earlier ones whether they can get a job in a big company. Some do not want to become like their fathers who do nothing but work; others are puzzled at their future, and say that they know they will never be a success like their father.
Being equipped with digital technology gives young farmers an advantage, and the most important part is how to get on with the locals. Life in the countryside is more different, where people live together and share together. Newcomers are expected to abandon their urban ways of life and the neighbor’s doorways, not just your own, should be cleared when it is convenient for you. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers, especially the young ones, through role-playing sessions.
28.What is Kim Ji-un’s concern now
A. Her job. B. Her crops.
C. Her future. D. Her hometown.
29.Why does the government encourage young people to return to farm
A. To develop rural areas. B. To promote local culture.
C. To protect the environment. D. To maintain social stability.
30.What can be inferred about the plan
A. It fails eventually. B. It functions well.
C. It causes excitement. D. It poses challenges.
31.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph
A. Locals should be able to do role-playing activities.
B. Newcomers have abandoned their urban ways of life.
C. Life in the countryside is more about caring about each other.
D. Villagers have the responsibility to clear the neighbor’s doorways.
C篇-09
(江苏省淮安市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)The year 2023 is called the Year of the Rabbit in China and the Year of the Cat in Vietnam. How the cat replaced the rabbit in Vietnam is still the subject of debate(争论).
Both countries follow a calendar based on 12 signs of a zodiac(生肖)represented by 12 animals. No one knows exactly how the 12 animals came to be named. But ancient storytellers said the Jade Emperor, or the Buddha, organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in
the zodiac.
In the Chinese version of the story, the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race, turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since. As to the rabbit, it crossed the river by jumping on the tops of stones in the river. When the rabbit got there, no others were around, so it went off to the side and slept. By the time the rabbit woke up, three others had already arrived.
However, in the Vietnamese version which did not have a rabbit, the cat could swim and ended up arriving fourth. The top twelve finishers which appear in the zodiac were rat, ox, tiger, cat(or rabbit), dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.
Philippe Papin is an expert on Vietnamese history at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris. He told the Northwest Asian Weekly in 2011 that one possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language.
He said in old Chinese, there is a little-used word tied to the sign of the rabbit(卯)that is pronounced like mao. The pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat.
This year, another website, VNExpress, said many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed cases for their mobile phones. And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is “why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac.”
28.The race of animals is mentioned to explore ________.
A. the reason for the victory of the cat
B. how the 12 animals were selected in China
C. how the rabbit got replaced by the cat in China’s zodiac
D. the reasons behind the difference between the two zodiacs
29.What does “three others” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The rat, the ox and the horse. B. The tiger, the cat and the ox.
C. The rat, the ox and the tiger. D. The cat, the rat and the snake
30.What caused the rabbit to be replaced according to Papin
A. The race organized by the Jade Emperor.
B. The different customs of the two countries
C. The excellent performance of the Vietnamese cat
D. The similar pronunciation of certain words in the two languages
31.What does the last paragraph imply
A. The Year of the cat or the rabbit raises public interest in Vietnam.
B. Google plays an increasingly important role in Vietnam.
C. Rabbit-themed cases for mobile phones become a hit in China.
D. Cat-themed cases for mobile phones enjoy popularity in China.
C篇-10
(江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Scientists exploring a marine trench(海沟)near Japan were surprised to find a type of snailfish in one of the deepest parts of the ocean, at 8, 336 meters below the surface. The creature is probably the deepest fish anyone will ever find.
“They can’t really go any deeper,” says deep-sea scientist Alan Jamieson of the University of West Australia, who led the team that made the discovery, considering the theoretical limit of fish physiology(生理机能)is around 8, 400 meters to ensure that fish cells don’t become too small at such enormous pressures. “If anyone does find fish deeper than this, it will not be by much,” Jamieson says. The previous record holder, a junior snail fish seen in the Mariana Trench, was filmed at a depth of 8, 178 meters in 2017.
Prosanta Chakrabarty, director of fishes at Louisiana State University’s Museum of Natural Science, is impressed that the fish could survive so far down, where the water pressure is 800tes that of the surface. “At that depth, everything from gas exchange for breathing to nearly every physiological function seems impossible,” he says. “I can barely swim to the bottom of a swimming pool without my ears exploding.”
Jamieson’s team discovered the snail fish in August 2022 at the bottom of the Izu-Ogasawara Trench, near the main islands of Japan. To explore deep ocean trenches, the team was using manned and unmanned underwater vehicles equipped with cameras, lights and batteries, along with a weight to carry the equipment to the seafloor, unexpectedly photographing the fish.
The warmer water seems to be why the snail fish survive. These snail fish are living near the edge of what’s possible. “The difference is less than a degree, so we wouldn’t care,” Jamieson says. “But it makes a difference to sea animals.”
In an e-mail to Scientific American, Dahiana Arcila, a scientist who studies fishes noted the part played by technology in the discovery. “Detectors and landers will gain a deeper understanding of the unexplored regions of our planet’s oceans,” she wrote.
28.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. The snail fish is native to the marine trench.
B. The finding is within the expectations of the scientist.
C. It was the Japanese scientists that conducted the exploration.
D. The fish maybe the deepest one in the ocean now and forever.
29.What do the explorations in 2017 and 2022 have in common
A. They both made record-breaking discoveries.
B. They both used manned and unmanned vehicles.
C. They both expanded the limit of fish physiology.
D. They both found snail fish at a depth of 8, 400 metres.
30.How does Prosanta Chakrabarty feel about the latest finding
A. Concerned. B. Confused. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.
31.What does the author want to show by mentioning an e-mail in the last paragraph
A. To emphasize the necessity of marine exploration.
B. To encourage a deeper exploration of unknown oceans.
C. To stress the role of advanced technology in the research.
D. To confirm the importance of the discovery to our planet.
D篇-01
(江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Since Neolithic(新石器时代的)times, sculpture has been considered the privilege of men as it was assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth-century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louis Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.”
Her works have been compared to the Cubist(立体主义的)constructions of Picasso, the surrealistic(超现实主义的)objects of Miro and the Merzhau of Schwitters. And she would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a
creative mind.”
Using mostly thrown-away wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, she makes architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These collections, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has refused to admit any symbolic or religious intention in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur(宏伟)and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such meanings.
32.The passage mainly focuses on ________.
A. a general tendency in twentieth-century art
B. the artistic influences on women sculptors
C. the work of a particular woman artist
D. critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture
33.What can be inferred from Hilton Kramer’s comment on Louis Nevelson
A. She has the ability to combine sculpture and painting.
B. Her creativity and originality make her work unique.
C. Her work is so expressive that no painters can compete with her.
D. People turned their interest to sculpture instead of painting due to her talents.
34.About Nevelson’s sculptures, the author believes _______.
A. they are uniquely American in style and sensibility
B. they show the influence of twentieth-century architecture
C. they do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture
D. they suggest religious and symbolic meanings
35.What might Nevelson’s sculptures be like according to the last paragraph
A. They are sometimes very large. B. They are often painted in several colors.
C. They are meant for display outdoors. D. They are built around a central wooden object.
D篇-02
(江苏省南京市秦淮区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed(超加工)foods may contribute to overall cognitive(认知的)decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive
functioning(执行功能)—the ability to process information and make decisions.
We all know eating ultraprocessed foods that make our lives easier—such as prepackaged soups, sauces, frozen pizza and ready-to-eat meals—isn’t good for our health. Nor is eating up all the pleasure foods that we love so much: hot dogs, sausages, burgers, french fries, sodas, cookies, cakes, candies, doughnuts and ice cream, to name just a few.
Tanzi, who has written in his book The Healing Self: A Revolutionary New Plan to Supercharge Your Immunity and Stay Well for Life, said the key problem with ultra processed foods is that they are usually very high in sugar, salt and fat, all of which promote systemic inflammation(炎症), perhaps the most major harm to healthy aging in the body and brain.
“Meanwhile, since they are convenient as a quick meal, they also replace eating food that is high in plant fiber that is important for maintaining the health and balance of the trillions of bacteria(细菌)in your gut microbiome(肠道),” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.”
Ultraprocessed foods are defined as “industrial formulations(配方)of food substances(成分)(oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates)that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings, and other chemical additives,” according to the study.
“People who consumed more than 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who ate less than 20%,” said study coauthor Natalia Goncalves.
“People need to know they should cook more and prepare their own food from scratch. I know. We say we don’t have time but it really doesn’t take that much time,” Suemoto said.
“And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain from dementia(精神错乱)or Alzheimer’s disease,” she added. “That’s the take-home message: Stop buying things that are superprocessed.”
32. Which of the following doesn’t belong to ultraprocessed foods
A. Potato. B. Ready-to-eat meals. C. Ice cream. D. Sodas.
33. Why do ultraprocessed foods have a negative effect on people’s cognition
A. They reduce the areas of the brain involved in executive functioning.
B. Illnesses promoted by their sugar, salt and fat lead to brain aging.
C. Their trillions of bacteria may increase the risk of brain diseases.
D. People who consume more calories from them may think fast.
34. What is Suemoto’s attitude to ultraprocessed foods
A. Objective. B. Cautious. C. Opposed. D. Favorable.
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. Stop buying things that are superprocessed.
B. Ultraprocessed foods fail cognition.
C. Cook more and prepare your own food.
D. Eating plays an important role in protecting brains.
D篇-03
(江苏省南京市六校联合体2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)China’s space industry has made great achievements, which makes us occupy a place in the world space field. After 11 years, China has finally completed its Tiangong space station with the docking(对接)its Mengtian lab module, establishing the Tiangong as the second operational space station apart from the US-led, multinational International Space Station.
On November 1, the Mengtian lab module, the third and final part of its Tiangong space station docked with the core Tianhe module 13 hours after being launched. Next, the Tianhe and Mengtian modules will dock with the Wentian lab module, completing Tiangong’s T-shaped basic structure. The 17.88-meter-long, 23-ton Mengtian module is the heaviest operational single-cabin(舱)active spacecraft in orbit. Mengtian consists of a work cabin, a goods airlock cabin, a payload cabin and resource cabin. In addition, it has eight scientific experiment rooms and 37 extravehicular(舱外的)installation(安装)options.
One of the more ambitious aims of China’s space program is to position the country as a leading provider of space-based international public goods and services, such as planetary defense. Last month, Asia Times reported about China’s plans to conduct its first asteroid(行星)direction-changing test in 2025 or 2026. China has also taken pioneering steps in Mar exploration. A good example is the completion of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission. China has also stated that it is willing to share scientific data from its Tianwen-l mission at an appropriate time and that scientists are welcome to apply for research over the data.
Moreover, China has also announced plans to send men to the moon, helping its future settlement and economic use. And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027. The base, the International Lunar Research Station, is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities.
Reflecting China’s open-door space policy, the Tiangong is designed to be “inclusive” and adaptable for foreign astronauts.
32.Which statement is true about the Mengtian module according to the text
A. It has docked with the Wentian lab module.
B. It is an significant part of Tiangong space station.
C. It is made up of four scientific experiment cabins.
D. It is heavier than all the other single-cabin spaceships.
33.Why did the author mention “China’s plan” in paragraph 4
A. To present a fact. B. To explain a rule.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To make a prediction.
34.How will China explore the moon
A. By sending men to the settlement of the moon.
B. By providing clear photos of the planet’s surface.
C. By sharing scientific data from its Tianwen-1 mission.
D. By setting up a moon base for multiple scientific activities.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. International Space Station Suffers Wear and Tear
B. Side by Side, China Works with UN Member States
C. Step by Step, China Finds Its Footing in Outer Space
D. Tiangong Space Station Is Established Little by Little
D篇-04
(江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)It’s a typical day at school. You’re playing soccer with your friends. One of them kicks you the ball and you run for it. You trip. You fly through the air. You land—hard, right on your face! The next moment, you’re in the nurse’s office. Your bleeding nose is being checked by laser sensors(激光传感器)that coming out of a...robot Has the nurse’s office been taken over by sci-fi aliens(外星人)from outer space
No. You’ve just been pushed forward 15 years into the future. And it’s a future that Susan Epstein, a computer science professor who teaches artificial intelligence, is really excited to think about. “I am crazy about this kind of thing! You could go up to the robot, put your nose in, and the machine would decide whether you needed to be treated, and how.”
Aside from being cool, an AI nurse has other advantages. It doesn’t need to take vacations. It doesn’t need to
get paid a salary. And it might figure out what’s wrong with your nose faster than a human would. There are all kinds of ways that AI could be used to help make us healthier and researchers are studying how to use AI to diagnose(诊断)lung disease, cancer, and more.
Our robot nurse isn’t meant to completely take the place of humans, though. “It would work with real, live nurses and doctors,” says Epstein, “there are things humans are good at, like building trust among members of our own species or comforting someone who’s hurt or sick. A big part of medicine is the relationship between a doctor and a patient.”
Epstein points out that AI programs will never be perfect—no matter how much we might want them to be. But if AI can diagnose a deadly disease more precisely even 10 percent of the time, think of how many lives it could save. “Besides”, says Epstein, “I think there are probably patients who might prefer to have a machine for a doctor!” Would you
32.What’s the function of para 1
A. To introduce a scientific study. B. To lead to the topic of the text.
C. To describe an experience of the writer. D. To give an example to support an argument.
33.What can be inferred from Epstein’s words in para 4
A. Humans are better at treating patients than AI doctors.
B. AI doctors alone can cure patients of most of the diseases.
C. Patients’ trust in doctors may affect their treatments positively.
D. Patients may receive as much comfort from AI doctors as from humans.
34.What is true about AI doctors and nurses according to the text
A. They are better at trust-building. B. They will take over humans.
C. Their biggest strength is being cool. D. They are life-saving if properly used.
35.What’s Epstein’s attitude towards AI doctors and nurses!
A. Negative. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
D篇-05
(江苏省常州市武进区、金坛区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Stage fright, also called performance anxiety, affects actors of all ages and experience levels, from rookie kindergarteners to Broadway stars. Take Bella Merlin. She’s a professor of acting and directing at the University of California, Riverside. She has also acted for many seasons in several US theaters.Yet, she says,“For seven years, I feared the one thing I loved: acting.”
Signs of stage fright include sweating, rapid breathing, tightness in the chest and “butterflies” in the stomach. Not everyone shows all these signs or experiences them with the same intensity(强度). Yet extreme fear can make some actors escape mid-performance and bring the curtains down on promising careers.
It seems reasonable to blame stage fright entirely on bad-tempered directors or complicated lines. But psychologists have found the physical signs actually reflect deep-rooted fears of one’s own making. Such fears are instances of predicting a negative future outcome without including any other positive alternatives.
What are these fears One is that of making mistakes. A few actors are afraid any error will ruin their own or their group’s reputation. These may include mispronouncing a word.
For those who have been performing for a while, memories of negative experiences can be an added burden. You’re remembering last year’s school play and imagining your classmates laughing at your errors.This distracts your attention, raising the chance you’ll make another error.
There’s a different worry for actors who put a lot of themselves into their characters. They fear that by not accepting their onstage personalities, the audience is labeling them as “worthless” in real life, too.
Whatever the fear, stage fright activates(激活)a stress-response system in your body. The alarm activating this system comes from an almond-shaped area in the brain called the amygdala. After it sounds the alarm, your body floods with two chemicals: adrenaline and cortisol. They make your heartbeat faster and tighten your muscles, putting you into a fight-fight-freeze mode.
Since stage fright originates in the brain, you might expect the cure exists there, too. You’d be right.
32. Why is Bella Merlin mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To illustrate what is stage fright. B. To show stage fright is quite common.
C. To introduce a famous Broadway star. D. To explain her mixed feelings about acting.
33. What does the underlined phrase “bring the curtains down on” mean in Paragraph2
A. Go ahead with. B. Look forward to. C. Bring an end to. D. Make a difference to.
34. Which of the following is a reason for stage fright
A. Worries about making any errors. B. No previous performing experiences.
C. Lines too complicated to remember. D. Lack of devotion to stage performance.
35. What will be talked about in the following paragraphs
A. More causes of stage fright. B. Other instances of stage fright.
C. Strategies to beat stage fright. D. In-built fright responses in brain.
D篇-06
(江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence(AI)may be able to help.
Previously, there were AI models that could turn text into images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine.
The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, which consisted of brain scans from four participants(参加者)as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).
The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data-when a part of the brain is activated(激活), more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.
Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry(模糊的)airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy(精确), according to the researchers.
The new study created a new approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher(破译)the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine.
In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality.
32. How did the AI know about the activities of human brains
A. By activating every part of human brains.
B. By recording participants’ dreams.
C. By viewing a great number of photos online.
D. By examining differences in participants’ blood flow.
33. How did the AI improve the accuracy of final images
A. It analyzed the relationship between brain activities and photos.
B. It compared photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train.
C. It processed additional brain scan data using the “text-to-image” model.
D. It examined the brain activities of the four participants.
34. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Further explanations of the research.
B. Potential risks of the new technology.
C. Expectations for the application of the technology.
D. Supporting evidence for the success of the research.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. AI knows brain scan data of participants
B. AI learns the reaction of human brains
C. AI changes text into images with the help of fMRI
D. AI uses brain scans to re-create images people see
D篇-07
(江苏省南通市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Enthusiastic travelers may have already heard of
“regenerative tourism” along with the idea of sustainability(持续性). Whenever we travel—no matter where or how—we are leaving an impact on the environment and the world surrounding us. While sustainable tourism takes positive steps toward limiting that footprint in order for us to protect environments for future generations, regenerative tourism takes this idea one step further.
Regenerative tourism means “the idea that tourists should leave a place in better condition than it was before”. For example, when visiting a garden, each person plants a tree to further build the environment instead of leaving no trace(痕迹).
In a way, regenerative tourism involves travelers to be active in their acts of sustainability. Another great example of this is any act of clean-up. This is especially popular on major beaches and in parks where there’s always rubbish to pick up and waste to remove. While travelers certainly don’t need to join in a community clean-up while on vacation(unless they want to), the idea of being involved is very much the same.
Joining in regenerative tourism has personal and environmental benefits. Jeffrey Skibins, an associate professor in entertainment and park management, says, “Many tourists report feelings of deep personal satisfaction and a stronger connection to nature. Additionally, conservation(保护)behaviors enable tourists to develop life-long learning around these issues and continue these behaviors at home.”
Regenerative means “to renew and revive”, which is exactly what many travelers are doing to help environments recover. Depending on where one plans to travel, there might be more ways to help than originally realized. By further encouraging damaged environments to be renewed through travel rather than being negatively impacted, we can slowly help to rebuild the world’s most beautiful landscapes.
32. What is the aim of regenerative tourism
A. To further improve the environment. B. To limit the footprint of human beings.
C. To keep a place in its original condition. D. To dramatically promote global economy.
33. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Designing a bright future for our life. B. Taking part in a community clean-up.
C. Renewing our ideas about environments. D. Getting active in the acts of sustainability.
34. What does Jeffrey Skibins think of regenerative tourism
A. It makes travelers closely connected. B. It gives personal satisfaction to travelers.
C. It leaves a short-term effect on tourists. D. It helps tourists improve their learning ability.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Regenerative tourism invites travelers to do their part
B. Travelling patterns make a difference to the environment
C. Conservation behavior enjoys its popularity among households
D. The idea of sustainability takes root in all enthusiastic travelers
D篇-08
(江苏省泰州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Humans’ voice sounds more pleasant than that of primates
(灵长类动物)because we don’t have vocal membranes(声带膜), a new study suggests.
Humans have vocal cords(声带), muscles in the top of the throat, which vibrate(振动)to produce sound. That unique part helps people control their voices well enough to produce sounds that form spoken language. However, unlike all the other studied primates, humans don’t have vocal membranes.
To find out how vocal membranes affected spoken sounds, a team from Kyoto University took throats from monkeys that had died of natural causes and put the parts into devices, pushing air through the throats to see how the vocal cords and membranes would react. In the experiment, the researchers found that their vocal membranes and vocal cords vibrated together.
Researchers said these vocal membranes make it harder for other primates to control the voices they make.
Without these membranes, humans’ vocal source is more balanced, allowing better voice control and production of long and balanced voices. A key thing that distinguishes human speech from animal sounds is our control over the sounds we make.
In humans, that sort of unpleasant voices can happen when we put extreme amounts of pressure on our voice, like baby crying and adult screaming. But those are rare cases. Researchers also said that our mouths and tongues could help control the voices. They are the basis of human languages.
32.Why does the human voice sound less unpleasant
A. Humans have no vocal membranes.
B. Vocal cords of humans are very narrow.
C. Muscles in the human throat can hardly be controlled.
D. Humans’ brains are structured differently from other primates.
33.How did the researchers conduct the study
A. By exploring the history of human evolution.
B. By referring to previous researches on primates.
C. By observing monkeys’ vocal cords and membranes.
D. By comparing the voice patterns of different animals.
34.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. A doubt about the research process.
B. The importance of the research findings.
C. Further explanation of the research results.
D. The potential application of the research methods.
35.Which can be the suitable title for the text
A. Why humans cry or scream B. How primates make sounds
C. How primates develop languages D. Why humans’ voice sounds pleasant
D篇-09
(江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)America has long been crazy about weight loss. New diets continue to come up; diet and exercise apps are on the rise. It’s no wonder more people are on diets now than were a decade ago and 4 out of 10 Americans consider themselves to be overweight.
While healthy eating and exercise are important to the length and quality of life, too many people think of
weight loss pills as a shorter path to removing extra pounds instead of as a sometimes-useful tool for the individuals they’ve been approved for. There are actually many dangers connected with weight loss pills and it is not recommended that they be taken without seeking advice from the doctor.
For the right person, weight loss pills can be a helpful tool in weight management, but they are usually only suggested for people with extreme fatness and after other weight loss treatments such as diet and exercise have been put into one’s lifestyle first.
While there is no shortage in the number of weight loss pills on the market, only six drugs are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for long-term use. All but one of these drugs work to either control hunger or to help one feel full after meals. Such FDA-approved drugs are intended to be used by people struggling with significant extra weight and not by anyone looking to drop a few pounds by chance.
For everyone else, a healthy diet and exercise is usually all that is recommended. It is accepted that we do need to pay much more attention to preventing weight problems early in life through healthy diets and regular physical activities, rather than waiting to respond to developed fatness and illnesses. That’s especially true when considering some risks of weight-loss drugs. They are recommended when the benefit of taking them to reduce weight is greater than the risk of side effects or other consequences of these medicines.
These medicines are best used with a complete diet and lifestyle program that can improve results, and when there is a doctor reviewing developing side effects to make adjustments to reduce risk.
32. What is people’s wrong idea about weight loss pills
A. They work faster than diet and exercise.
B. They probably do harm to people’s heath.
C. They are taken under doctor’s guidance.
D. They are unable to satisfy everyone’s needs.
33. What is true about weight loss pills on the market
A. Most pills meet the needs of overweight people.
B. The market is flooded with FDA-approved pills.
C. None of these drugs work by controlling hunger.
D. People should keep a sharp eye on their choices.
34. How should people take care of weight problems
A. Measures should be taken before the problems get worse.
B. Pills will do the trick if they win the favor of most people.
C. A healthy diet and exercise can solve any weight problem.
D. Medicines are recommended when they keep people slim.
35. What could be the best title for the text
A. Eager to lose weight B. FDA drugs for sale.
C. Weight-loss pills for all D. Efforts to fight fatness
D篇-10
(江苏省宿迁市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Fungi(真菌)are essential to life on Earth, but strangely, until quite recently they have largely been ignored by western science, medicine and agriculture. A new study has found that growing eatable mushrooms in forests on purpose could be a good way to provide healthy food for millions of people and help the environment too.
Fungi are living things that feed on organic(有机的)matter, such as dead plants. There are many different types of fungi. For example, an ecologist could find it useful to divide the fungi into those that are mycorrhizal(菌根菌)and those that are not. However, to an organic chemist, it is a natural way to divide fungi by the organic matter they produce.
Paul Thomas and Alistair Jump from the University of Stirling in Scotland, spent two years studying eatable fungi that grow alongside trees. The pair discovered that while they are growing, fungi remove carbon dioxide from the air and store it in the soil. Moreover, eatable fungi grow well in the shade of trees, which means if fungi become very popular, more trees could actually be planted. Eatable fungi contain lots of substances that are good for humans. Thomas’s idea is that other ingredients, such as meat, could be swapped for fungi in people’s diets, which means we can add fungi into diets to replace meat.
Paul Thomas and Alistair Jump are really optimistic about growing fungi. He said if the fungi-tree growing system was combined with current forestry activities, food production levels could be huge. He claimed if the method had been used in forestry that has taken place during the last 10 years, enough food could have been produced to feed 18. 9 million people annually. “For China alone, their forestry activity for the last 10 years could have put in place a food production system capable of enough calorific output to feed 4. 6 million people annually,” he added.
32.What can we know about fungi
A. They are harmful to the environment. B. They can only be found in dead plants
C. They have long been studied in science. D. They are of importance to life on Earth.
33.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Dangers of eating fungi. B. Benefits of growing fungi.
C. Ways of grouping fungi. D. Means of protecting fungi.
34.What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Added. B. Improved. C. Removed. D. Exchanged.
35.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Fungi could feed the world. B. Fungi may end the pollution.
C. Studying fungi is challenging. D. Growing fungi proves fruitless.
D篇-11
(江苏省宿迁市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Most of us probably cannot imagine modern life without social media, which has both the potential to negatively impact our mental and emotional heath if used blindly and the ability to connect us in many unexpected ways.
With social media, friendships go beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new, thus maintaining old friendships and making new ones. Some would question the quality of these friendships, but perhaps what is important is that a link exists between you and that person. Then, we can possibly build friendship upon this link in the future.
Nevertheless, social media does consume our energy and lower our self-esteem(自尊)at times. A 2013 study by Ethan Kross and Philippe Verduyn, published by the Public Library of Science, found that the more a person uses Facebook, the more miserable he feels about his own life. An internet celebrity(名人)Essena O’Neill recently announced to quit social media, saying it is “not real life”, taking countless photos just to look great in a single post and seeking social approval from “likes” and “views” have left her feeling “empty”.
However, those affected are usually teenagers who possess shaky self-identities. It is only natural for teenagers to seek popularity and social recognition. However, for every teenager who feels jealous, envious or depressed online, there is another who chooses to feel energetic, inspired and accepted by positive social connections.
From what perspective do we wish to approach social media Social media does not cause unhappiness; it simply provides an alternative platform for teenagers to experiment with as they grow up, something they have always done offline. Teen activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and impact of social media... we must try to use social media in a good way.”
32. Which best describes the impact of social media on friendship
A. Social media helps build friendships across distances.
B. Social media improves the quality of new friendships.
C. Social media only has a short-term impact on friendships.
D. Social media makes it harder to maintain old friendships.
33. Why does the author mention “a study” and “a celebrity” in paragraph 3
A. To explain a rule. B. To make a prediction.
C. To present a fact. D. To prove an argument.
34. What’s the author’s attitude towards teenagers using social media
A. Positive. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
35. What may be discussed in the next part of this passage
A. Demand for advances in social media.
B. The wide applications of social media
C. Advice on using social media positively.
D. The possible harm of social media to users.
D篇-12
(江苏省徐州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Yellow flower carpeted fields are a sure sign of summer. In Denmark alone, more than 200,000 hectares of rapeseed(油菜籽)are planted every year. But until now, the plant has only been used for oil and animal food, as it is both bitter and unsafe for human consumption.
To protect themselves, the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances(物质)called glucosinolates(硫苷), which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease. As a result rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake, which is the remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out, has only been used as feed for pigs and chickens, despite its 30—40 percent protein content.
Now, researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in seeds of thale cress(阿拉伯芥), a plant closely related to the rapeseed. The new knowledge makes it possible to prevent the accumulation(积聚)of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology. In doing so, the defensive substances remain in all other parts of the plant, allowing it to continue to defend itself.
So far, the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress. “The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant, which we are now working on,” says Professor Halkier, leader of the
research.
“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed. The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants, which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein. Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed,” says Professor Halkier.
32. What is the function of paragraph 2
A. To state the reason. B. To offer the solution.
C. To give an example. D. To introduce the topic.
33. According to the research, how did scientists rid thale cress of its bitter taste
A. By selecting better seeds. B. By removing the three proteins.
C. By increasing sweet tastes. D. By storing defensive substances.
34. What do Halkier’s words focus on
A. Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B. Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C. Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D. Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for this text
A. Harmful proteins discovered in rapeseed
B. Rapeseed widely used as oil and animal food
C. Researchers closer to making rapeseed safe food
D. New plant protein in rapeseed finally uncovered
D篇-13
(江苏省徐州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末)Yellow flower carpeted fields are a sure sign of summer. In Denmark alone, more than 200,000 hectares of rapeseed(油菜籽)are planted every year. But until now, the plant has only been used for oil and animal food, as it is both bitter and unsafe for human consumption.
To protect themselves, the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances(物质)called glucosinolates(硫苷), which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease. As a result rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake, which is the remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out, has only been used as feed for pigs and chickens, despite its 30—40 percent protein content.
Now, researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the
bitter substances in seeds of thale cress(阿拉伯芥), a plant closely related to the rapeseed. The new knowledge makes it possible to prevent the accumulation(积聚)of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology. In doing so, the defensive substances remain in all other parts of the plant, allowing it to continue to defend itself.
So far, the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress. “The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant, which we are now working on,” says Professor Halkier, leader of the research.
“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed. The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants, which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein. Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed,” says Professor Halkier.
32. What is the function of paragraph 2
A. To state the reason. B. To offer the solution.
C. To give an example. D. To introduce the topic.
33. According to the research, how did scientists rid thale cress of its bitter taste
A. By selecting better seeds. B. By removing the three proteins.
C. By increasing sweet tastes. D. By storing defensive substances.
34. What do Halkier’s words focus on
A. Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B. Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C. Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D. Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for this text
A. Harmful proteins discovered in rapeseed
B. Rapeseed widely used as oil and animal food
C. Researchers closer to making rapeseed safe
