牛津译林版八年级英语下册Units7-8知识点整理 +练习（含解析）

8BU7-8知识点整理
U7
1、I’m too weak to walk any further. 我太虚弱了，不能再往前走了。
too adj/adv to do sth 太……而不能做某事；
I’m too tired to carry the box.
too adj/adv to do sth可以转化成not adj/adv enough to do sth（不是足够……能做某事），也可以转化成so adj/adv that从句（如此……以至于……）。
My sister is too young to dress herself.
any修饰比较级；Are you feeling any better today
2、Come on, Eddie. We only have five kilometres left. 来吧，艾迪。我们只剩下五公里了。
come on来吧、赶快、加油
come常见短语：come true实现；come out出来、出版；come back回来；come up with想出、提出；come in进来；come from来自、产自；ome across（偶然）遇见
left“剩下的、未用过的”，过去分词作后置定语
There is little pocket money left.
3、It provides basic education for children in poor areas. 它为贫困地区的儿童提供基础教育。
provide sb sth=provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb为某人提供某物
basic education基础教育
educate 动词：教育；education 名词：教育；educational 形容词：教育的
Children are provided with lots of educational books.
4、It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people. 它还致力于防止艾滋病等一些严重疾病在年轻人中传播。
prevent the spread of some serious diseases防止一些严重疾病的传播
prevent sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事；prevent sth from being done阻止某事被做
The government should make laws to prevent people from cutting down trees.
spread传播、散布、展开，名词&动词
the spread of ……的传播
spread作为及物动词，有被动
We shouldn’t spread lies./Lies shouldn’t be spread.
spread作为不及物动词，无被动
The good news spread fast and all of us felt excited.
5、About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, mostly in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured. 全世界约有2.85亿人失明或有其他眼部问题，其中大部分在贫困地区，其中约80%的病例可以预防或治愈。
blind失明的，形容词；blindness名词
the blind失明的人，复数
80 per cent of 八分之八十的……，作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词决定。分数同理。
10 percent of the students like tennis. 复数
almost几乎，表示程度上相差很少；mostly大部分、主要地=mainly
can be prevented or cured是含有情态动词是被动语态“情态动词+be done”
The school rules must be followed by all the students.
6、On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations. 在飞机上，志愿者医生做手术。
During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 在我上次就诊期间，有150名患者接受了手术。
during+名词（短语）：在……期间； during my stay in China
手术：operate动词；operation名词；operate还可意为：操作
do an operation/operations on sb（医生）给某人做手术=operate on sb
The famous surgeon operated on her.
被动：sb be operated on/sb be done an operation某人（病人）做了手术；
The disable kid should be operated on/be done an operation on at once.
have an operation/operations on sth （病人）接受手术
The kid will have an operation on his right eye this afternoon.
7、Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. 此外，还邀请当地医生和护士在飞机上学习眼科手术。
on board 在船/飞机上；aboard上(船/飞机)
abroad（在）国外，go abroad出国
are invited是一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。
Thousands of trees are planted every year.
8、I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives. 我很自豪能帮助人们重见天日，改善他们的生活。
proud骄傲的、自豪的，形容词；pride骄傲，名词。
be proud of以……为骄傲，为……自豪；be proud to do做某事很自豪
the pride of ……的骄傲；take pride in以……为骄傲
His teacher is also proud to have such a top student.
9、But more money is needed to carry on with our work. 但是我们需要更多的钱来继续工作。
carry on with sth继续某事；carry on doing继续做某事
Nobody will carry on helping us if we don’t try our best.
carry out执行、实施；eg：We had some problems in carrying our plan.
10、A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops, including books. 乐施会商店里卖很多东西，包括书籍。
sell出售，有被动；sell out卖光，有被动；sell well畅销，无被动。 名词sale，on sale出售
Her novels sell well. I bought two before they were sold out last week.
including介词，包括……在内；句子, including …=句子，… included
There will be nine in our group, Tom and Tim included.
11、People can support it by donating money or working as volunteers. 人们可以通过捐款或做志愿者来支持它。
UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. 联合国儿童基金会通过出售圣诞卡和组织其他活动筹集资金。
by doing通过做某事；eg: We can improve our English by reading and speaking more.
work as担任、作为……而工作；work for效力于、为……工作/效力
He has worked for the company for five years, and will works as a manager.
donate sth to sb给某人捐赠某物；donate blood献血
donation捐赠（物），名词
raise饲养/养育、筹集、升起；及物动词，有被动；raise-raised-raised
rise升起、上升；不及物动词，无被动；rise-rose-risen
12、She wanted to help poor people with eye problems see again, so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work. 她想帮助有眼睛问题的穷人重新看东西，所以她下定决心接受护士培训，并在下班后参加课程。
make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心做某事
decide to do sth决定做某事=make a discussion to do sth
Tom has made up his mind to learn French by himself.
make up编造、化妆、组成；be made up of由……组成
Eleven volunteers make up this team.
train接受培训，无被动；
train as…作为…而（接受）训练；train to be…训练成为…
attend参加课程、会议等，强调出席
take part in参加活动，强调发挥作用
join加入组织、团体、群体，强调成为其中一员
U8
1、More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution. 越来越多的家庭拥有汽车，这造成了严重的空气污染。
cause动词：导致、造成
cause名词：原因，the cause of……的原因；the reason for……的理由
Is there any reason for your being late again
污染pollute动词；被污染的polluted形容词；污染pollution名词
2、It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 人们选择公共交通工具或骑自行车是明智的。
It’s adj for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是……的。
It’s adj of sb to do sth某人是……的，做了某事。
choose选择，动词；可数名词choice
choose (sb) to do选择（某人）做某事；choose sb as…选择某人作为…
be chosen to be/be chosen as被选为…
have no choice but to do sth别无选择只能做某事
Tom was chosen to be our monitor.
3、In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品被分成不同的组，然后回收。
separate…into…把……分成……（把多个个体分开）；被动be separated into…某物被分成……
separate…from…将……和……分开
divided…into…把……分成……（把整体分成若干部分）；被动be divided into…某物被分成……
Mum divided the cake into some pieces.
4、Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to
factories for recycling. 一些衣服在慈善商店出售，一些送给穷人，另一些则被送到回收工厂。
charity shops；international charities
be given to the poor送给穷人；the poor穷人，“the+形容词”表示一类人，看作复数
be sent to送到
some…others/the other+名词复数，此处的others指的是不特定范围的“其他（名词）”；others还可以单独使用，表示“其他人”
some…the others/the other+名词复数，此处的the others指的是特定范围的“其他（名词）”
one…the other+名词单数，“一个……另一个……”，共有两个
One side of the book shelf is lower than the other side.
5、For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. 例如，我们不允许砍伐树木。
allow doing允许做某事；allow sb to do允许某人做某事
sb be allowed to do被允许做某事；此处中文中“被”经常不显示，中译英时需注意主语
The law doesn’t allow cutting down forest.
6、Otherwise, we will be punished. 否则，我们将受到惩罚。
will be punished是一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”
I will be punished by my father if I don’t get an A in Math.
otherwise否则，后加逗号，再接句子
Otherwise, they may not help you again.
punish动词：惩罚，易混淆publish（出版）；名词：punishment
be punished by被……惩罚
punish sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而处罚某人
He was punished by his mother for failing the physics exam once more.
7、We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠其丰富的资源生存，因此明智地保护它很重要。
depend on sb/sth依靠、依赖
We cannot always depend on our parents, we need to learn to take care of ourselves.
resource资源，可数名词；natural resource 自然资源；
We need to protect natural resources and use them in a proper way.
8、These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新型能源成本很低，而且永远不会用完。
sth run out某物耗尽、用完；无被动
run out of sth用光、耗尽某物；有被动
We haven’t run out of butter. However, honey has run out.
out相关词组：put out扑灭；hand out分发；give out分发；come out出来、出版；work out算出、解决；find out发现、查明；sell out卖光；send out发出、派遣；carry out执行；turn out证明
9、Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! 记住，每个人都可以有所作为！
Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth! 遵循这些小步骤，你就能对地球产生巨大的影响！
make a difference有影响、起作用
make a (big) difference to sb/sth 对……有（很大）影响、起（很大）作用
make no/little difference to 对…没有/几乎没有影响；make much difference to对…有很大影响
The rain didn’t make much difference to the match.
follow these small steps遵循这些步骤
take the following steps采取下列一些措施
take steps/action(s) to do sth.采取措施做某事
10、Coal, oil and natural gas is not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories. 煤炭、石油和天然气不仅对家庭有用，对工厂也有更广泛的用途。
be useful for对…有用；have a wide use有广泛用途
—Is AI useful for our work —Yes, it has a wide use for us.
not only…but (also)…不仅……而且……；若作主语，符合“就近原则”
Not only my parents but also my friend Joyce often takes part in volunteer work in charities.
11、Our environment is changing for the worse, so it is time for us to go green. 我们的环境正在恶化，所以是时候让我们走向绿色了。
change for the worse变坏，恶化，向坏的方向发展；change to the better变好
go green生产或使用绿色产品
同步练习
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. It was interesting _____ see so many places of interest_____ all over the world.
A. in; in B. to; in C. to; from D. in; from
2. Xiao Ming is in Class 2______ his brother is in Class 3.
A. but B. so C. or D. and
3．The children enjoyed _______ very much in the park．
A．itself B．himself C．yourselves D．themselves
4. His e-friend likes_______ .
A. travel B. travels C. traveling D. traveled
5. Where did you choose ______
A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. siting
6. Judy can speak English _______ Chinese.
A. as good as B. as better as C. as nice as D. as well as
7. Linda stays_____ her cousin, Jack, in Beijing.
A. and B. with C. at D. to
8. Mike wanted _____ in the dancing.
A. joins B. joining C. to join D. joined
9. He put his photos on his home page_____ everyone_____ look at.
A. for; to B. for; for C. to; to D. to; for
10. Yesterday’s trip was great. Helen really _____ herself.
A. enjoys B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. enjoying
11．I'm sorry I can't go with you．I have _______ homework to do today．
A．too many B．many too C．too much D much too
12．—Why are you so excited
—Peter invited me _______ on a trip to the Great Wall．
A．to go B．go C．going D．went
13．It was already two o'clock when I _______ London．
A．arrived B．got C．reached D．came
14．The bus is coming．Oh，no! It’s full．I'm afraid we can't _______.
A．get up B．get on C．get out D．get off
15．Don’t stand ______ the TV．I'm watching the football match．
A．behind B．in front of C．next to D．opposite
二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
Did you visit Yunnan I visited it 1 the summer holiday with my parents．Now let me 2 you something about the beautiful place．
Yunnan is in the southwest of China．It 3 us about eight days to travel around Yunnan． 4 ，we visited Kunming．Kunming is the capital of Yunnan Province．In Kunming，Stone Forest is well-known．I enjoyed it 5 and didn't think of 6 ．
Then，we went to Dali. Dali is about 359 kilo metres away from Kunming．Its pleasant weather made us 7 comfortable．Dali has a very long history of more than 4，000 years．It is 8 for Erhai Lake．The water in the lake is very clean． Finally，we took a bus to Lijiang．It is not far 9 Dali．There are many other places of interest 10 in Yunnan．We enjoyed ourselves there．
1．A．during B．at C．for D．with
2．A．pass B．give C．make D．tell
3．A．cost B．spent C．took D．paid
4．A．First B．Then C．Finally D．Next
5．A．lots B．a lot C．many D．a little
6．A．go B．staying C．to return D．leaving
7．A．to feel B．felt C．feeling D．feel
8．A．well B．good C．famous D．popular
9．A．away B．into C．from D．to
10．A．visit B．travel C．to visit D．travelling
三、阅读理解
A
There is an old saying：Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise．It means we should go to bed early and get up early next morning．By doing this，we will be in good health．And we'll be rich and clever．It is true that our bodies need to have a ten-hour sleep every night．Those who do not have enough sleep can't do their work well．They will not be clever and they may not be wealthy in the future.
The body needs exercise as well．Walking，running，jumping，riding bikes and playing games are all exercise．Exercise helps to keep the body strong and fit．It also helps the blood(血液)to move around inside the body．The blood takes food to all parts of the body．The head needs blood，too．So exercise helps people to think better．
1. What does the word “rise” mean
A. To do exercise． B. To get up．
C. To stand up． D. To put up．
2. If children don’t sleep for 10 hours，they may ______．
A. not be late for school B. become wise
C. do badly in their work D. become rich
3. A person needs exercise because _______．
A. it makes him healthy B. he has a lot of work to do
C. he is strong D. he does exercise
4. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Exercise is good{or people’s sleep．
B. It's good for you to go to bed early and get up early．
C. If you have enough blood，you will be wise．
D. A student should have 10 hours' sleep a day．
5. “Wealthy” here means _______．
A. healthy B. rich C. strong D. happy
B
A city without cars would be very strange, right But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery(风光) and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.
Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1,500 years ago, and built homes there.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there’s nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it’s underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt( 融化).
Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy’s biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
1. According to the passage, Venice is a ___________of Italy.
A. in the northeast. B. in the west. C. in the southwest D. in the south.
2._______have always been the best way to go here and there in the city.
A. Taxis and cars. B. The waterways C.400 bridges. D. Boats and rain shoes.
3. Venice _____________ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1500 years ago.
A. change into B. used to be C. became D. developed from
4. Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower
A. The higher temperature B. Overused underground water
C. Too many waterways D. The rising seawater
5. The passage is mainly about of Venice.
A. the waterways and bridge B. the most project and problems
C. the specials and problems D. the history and scenery
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【答案】C。
【解析】it’s +adj. + to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“做某事是……的”。动词不定式在句中作真正的主语，it只是形式主语。from all over the world 意为“来自世界各地”。
2. 【答案】A。
【解析】前后两句是转折关系，因此用but。
3. 【答案】D。
【解析】enjoy oneself“玩得愉快”，是固定搭配；the children对应的反身代词是themselves，故选D。
4. 【答案】C。
【解析】like doing 意为“喜欢做某事”。
5. 【答案】B。
【解析】动词choose后面要跟动词不定式，意为“选择做……”。
6. 【答案】D。
【解析】as…as 意为“像……一样”，中间加形容词或副词的原形，因为这里修饰的是动词speak，所以用副词well。
7. 【答案】B。
【解析】stay with sb.意为“和……在一起”。
8. 【答案】C。
【解析】动词want后面要跟动词不定式，意为“想要做某事”。
9. 【答案】A。
【解析】for everyone to look at意为“让每一个看”。for在此意为“为了”；to look at 表示目的。
10. 【答案】B。
【解析】句中有表示时间的状语yesterday, 所以用一般过去时。
11. 【答案】C。
【解析】too much“太多的”，修饰不可数名词；too many“太多的”，修饰可数名词复数；homework为不可数名词，故选C。
12. 【答案】A。
【解析】“邀请某人做某事”用invite sb．to do sth，故选A。
13. 【答案】C。
【解析】reach是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，故本题选C。arrive是不及物动词，其后应先加in或at再接地点；get和came也是不及物动词，其后均应先加to再接地点。
14. 【答案】B。
【解析】题意：汽车来了。哦，不!满员了，恐怕我们上不去了。get on“上车”，符合题意。get up“起床”；get out“出去”；get off“下车”。
15. 【答案】B。
【解析】由后句句意“我在看足球赛”可知前句句意为“不要站在电视前面”。in front of'“在……的前面”，与句意相符。
二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
【答案】A。
【解析】during the summer holiday意为“在暑假期间”。
2．【答案】D。
【解析】tell sb．about sth．意为“告诉某人关于某事”。
3．【答案】C。
【解析】It takes／took sb．some time to do sth．意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
4．【答案】A。
【解析】由下文中的then可知，此处应用first。
5．【答案】B。
【解析】enjoy是动词，修饰动词应用副词，且由语境知选B。
6．【答案】D。
【解析】of是介词，介词后应用动名词形式，排除A、C两项。由前半句句意“我非常喜欢它(石林)”可知，下半句句意为“我不想离开”，应用leaving。
7．【答案】D。
【解析】make后应接动词原形作宾补，即make sb．do sth.。
8．【答案】C。
【解析】be famous for意为“因……而出名”。
9．【答案】C。
【解析】be far from意为“离……远”。
10．【答案】C。
【解析】由句意“在云南还有许多其他的景点可以参观”可知用动词不定式作后置定语。
三、阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】有一句谚语：早睡早起可以使我们健康、富有、聪明，这是告诉我们要养成好的习惯，还要多运动，这样我们才可以保持身体健康。
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据短文中根据It means we should go to bed early and get up early…可知，rise的 意思是早起，故应选B。
2.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段中Those who do not have enough sleep can't do their work well
那些睡眠不足的人不能把自己的工作做好。因此我们可以知道,如果孩子睡眠不够,他们就学习不好。
故应选C。
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中Exercise helps to keep the body strong and fit可知，锻炼可以使我们保 持身体强壮、健康，所以人们需要锻炼。故应选A。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据短文的最后The head needs blood，too．So exercise helps people to think better 可知，作者说血液流动可以帮助人们更好的思考，但并没有说“有足够的血液，就会聪明”，故C选 项错误。其他三个选项都符合文意。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文It means we should go to bed early and get up early next morning．By doing this，we will be in good health．And we'll be rich and clever可知，这个谚语告诉我们如果我们早睡早起， 我们就会身体健康、富有、聪明。由此可知wealthy和rich同义，故应选B。
B
【答案】A。
【解析】由第二段的第一句话“Venice is in the northeast of Italy.”可知威尼斯在意大利的东北部；故本题答案选A。
2. 【答案】B。
【解析】由第三段的第二句话“The waterways have always been the best way to get around”可知水路一直是最好的出行方式，故本题答案选B。
3. 【答案】D。
【解析】由第四段“Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1,500 years ago,”可知威尼斯源于在咸水湖泊中小的岛屿，在1500年前一些意大利人逃离战争时，grew out of产生自…；从…发展;与它意思相近的词语是：developed from；故答案选D。
4. 【答案】B。
【解析】由倒数第三段“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years.”可知使这个城市变得越来越低的原因是：太多的水道、气温变高以及海水上升，答案B没有提及，故答案选B。
5. 【答案】C。
【解析】由文中最后一段的最后一句话“Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.”以及上文的内容，可知本文主要讲述了威尼斯这个城市的特别之处以及问题。故答案选C。