2024年中考英语难点语法突破宾语从句&练习巩固(连词&语序&时态)(含解析)

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名称 2024年中考英语难点语法突破宾语从句&练习巩固(连词&语序&时态)(含解析)
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中考难点语法突破宾语从句&练习巩固
(连词&时态&语序)
宾语从句:在复合句中,由一个句子来充当宾语的成分,并有一个连接词引导。
例如:
中考考点 :宾语从句三要素、与"疑问词+to do"的转换
宾语从句三要素:
01语序: 陈述语序
02连接词:that, whether / if, 特殊疑问词。
03时态 :①主现从任 ②主过从过 ③从真从现
1.语序:
宾语从句在句子中要用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。
I know that he went to school yesterday. 我知道他昨天去上学了。
I ask if he wants to play games.我问他是否想要玩游戏。
I wonder what his name is. 我想知道他的名字是什么。
敲大声提醒你注意咯!!!
(1)当连接词是which,who 或what,并在从句中作主语时,这时的从句语序本身即为陈述句语序。
eg. He's asking who broke the window. 他正在询问是谁打破了窗户。
(2)本身即为陈述句语序的常见句型:
What's wrong with...
What happened to ...?
What's the matter/trouble with...
Which is the way to...
eg. Could you please tell me which is the way to the hospital 请问去医院怎么走?
完成三分之一啦!!!
2. 连接词
1.that的用法:
(1)宾语从句是陈述句,that不作成分,无意义,可省。
I know. He likes English. (合成一句)
I know (that) he likes English.
注意注意注意!!!
当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等时,如果从句表示否定,要将否定词转移到主句之中。(即,否定前移)
I don't think he will come tonight. 我认为他今晚不会来了。
继续继续......
(2)that不可省的情况:(※初中了解)
①当宾语从句的主语是that时。
He says that that is a map of China.他说那是一张中国地图。
②宾语从句前有插入语时。
He says , in his letter, that he misses us very much.他在信中说他非常想念我们。
③宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。
I can't tell him that his dad died.我不能告诉他他的父亲去世了。
④几个宾语从句并列时,连接最后一个宾语从句的that不可省。
He told us what had happened and that he couldn't go to school。
他告诉我们发生了什么事,还有他不能去上学了。
⑤that引导的宾语从句中还有从句时,that不能省略。
He said that if she went he would go.他说如果她去他就会去。
2.whether 和if 的用法:
(1)宾语从句是由一般疑问句转换而来,不作成分,但有意义,表“是否”,不可省。
I ask. Does he want to go swimming (合成一句)
I ask if/whether he wants to go swimming. 我问他是否想去游泳。
(2)只能用whether,不能用that的情况:
①whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。 (whether ... or not)
Let me know whether you can come or not. 让我直到你是否能来。
②当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。 (whether 放句首)
Whether it is true or not, I can't tell.这是真是假,我说不上来。
③whether可以引导带to的不定式。 (whether to + do)
I don't know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道该接受还是拒绝。
④whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时。
Whether it is true remains a question. 这是否属实,仍然是个问题。
The question is whether it is true. 问题是这是否是真的。
加油哦,快完啦!!!
3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就由疑问词充当,作成分,有意义“疑问词本身的意思”,不可省。
I wonder. What do you like best (合成一句)
I wonder what you like best. 我想知道你最喜欢什么。
睁大你滴双眼,好好看我哦!!!
3. 时态
1.当主句中谓语是现在或将来时,从句谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响,可以按需要使用各种时态。(主现从任)
I hear he will go to Hainan next week.我听说他下周要去海南。
I hear he went to Hainan last week.我听说他上周去了海南。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句为相应的过去某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时),以便时态保持一致。(主过从过)
He said he was reading a book.他说他正在读书 。
He said he had already finished his homework.他说他已经做完了家庭作业。
He said he would go to Hainan next week.他说他下周要去海南。
3.当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理或事实时,宾语从句的时态要用一般现在时。(从真从现)
He said that the earth is bigger than the moon.他说地球比月球大。
思维导图:
看得懂吧!不会?来找我....
看到这里,你是最棒哒!!!
巩固练习
I.单项选择。
1.—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B.when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D.when they visited
2.He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A.when will we have
B.when we will have
C.when would we have
D.when we should have
3.I want to know ________.
A.when we should arrive at the airport
B.when should we arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at
D.when the airport should we arrive at
4.—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______
—He is a doctor.
A.Who is he B.who he is
C.what is he D.what he is
5. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave 
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
6. Do you know what _____ with Jim
A. is wrong  B. wrong is
C. wrong was D. the matter is
7.-I want to know _____.
-Why not go to the park
A. where I can go for a picnic
B. where can I go for a picnic
C. what I can go for a picnic 
D. what can I go for a picnic
8. I don’t think he is right, ______
A. do I B. isn’t he 
C. is he D. don’t I
9. The teacher didn’t say you would come, _____
A. would you B. wouldn’t you 
C. did she  D. didn’t you
10. Do you know______ daughter she is
A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
11. They wondered if the teacher ______them some English songs the next week.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
12. He asked me if I knew______.
A. whose pen was it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen is it
13. He told me ______ Paris is the capital ofFrance.
A. which B. the C. that D. what
14. He asked me ______ during the summer holiday.
A. where I had gone
B. where I had been
C. where had I gone
D. where had I been
15. I'm not sure whether ______ tomorrow.
A. they will arrive
B. will they arrive
C. they arrive
D. they have arrived
[真题链接]
1. —Do you know _________ the meeting
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had
B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have
D. when are they going to have
2. —Mr. Green, do you know_______
—July 10, it will last a month.
A. when our summer camp begins
B. when does our summer camp begin
C. where our summer camp begins
D. where does our summer camp begin
3. I didn’t know ______.(
A. when would the train arrive
B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done
D. who left the message
II.根据汉语提示,用宾语从句补全下列句子。
1.我不知道为什么她如此着迷Apple iphone4s。
I don’t know _______________ Apple iphone4s.
2.我们给了她一些建议,但不知道她是否会接受。
We’ve given her some advice, but I don’t know_______________.
3.作为社会的一员,我们应该尽最大努力做我们应该做的。
As society members, we should try our best to do______________.
4. ——请你告诉我怎么到中山公园好吗?
——好的。你可以坐公交车去那。
—Could you tell me____________
—Yes, you can go there by bus.
5. ——汤姆在纽约呢还是已经回家了?
——对不起,我不确信是否他已经回来。
—Is Tom still in New York or already back at home
—Sorry,I’m not sure ____________.
III.句型转换
句型转换
1.Could you tell me how I should start the computer (改为同义句)
Could you ________ me ________ ________ ________ the computer
2.He asked me, “Are you satisfied with your recent case ”(改为复合句)
He asked me ________ I ________ satisfied with my recent case.
3.Is he from England Could you tell me (合并为一句)
Could you tell me ________ he ________ from England
4.Could you tell me Why are you late for such an important conference
Could you tell me why ________ ________ late for such an important conference
参考答案
I.单项选择。
1. B。句意:——你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗 ——下周五。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,故排除A、C两项;又由答句可知应该用将来时,故排除D项。
2. D。句意:他想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。本题考查宾语从句的用法。当主句是一般过去时态的时候,宾语从句用相应的过去时态,而A、B两项都是一般将来时,故被排除;宾语从句用陈述句语序,而C项是疑问语序,也被排除。
3. A。句意:我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。本题考查宾语从句。动词know后面接的是宾语从句,由宾语从句要用陈述语序可排除B和D两项;又因为C项中the airport的位置不对,故选A。
4. D。 句意:——David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人,你能告诉我他是干什么的吗 ——他是医生。本题考查宾语从句。由答句可知询问的是职业,所以用疑问词what;又因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故选D。
5.B。本题是考查宾语从句的语序和时态的用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序,主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据说话人的意思可以判断是一般将来时。所以选择B。
6.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序,what在宾语从句作主语,所以what is wrong是陈述语序。同样如果D改成is the matter也是正确的。
7.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法,特殊疑问词where引导的宾语从句用陈述语序。从对话的答语可以判断特殊疑问词where引导宾语从句。
8.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。主句是I think和后面的宾语从句构成复合句,其反意疑问句的主语、谓语和宾语从句保持一致,前面的句子是否定句,所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。
9.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。复合句的反意疑问句的主语、谓语和主句保持一致,这里主句是The teacher didn’t say,而且是否定句,所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。
10. A。句意为“你知道她是谁的女儿吗?”可知应该用whose。
11. A。从句的时态原本应该用一般将来时(因为时间状语是next week),但是由于主句的时态是一般过去时,因此从句的时态应该改为过去将来时,即would +动词原形。
12. B。首先通过从句应该是陈述句语序这一点来排除A和D,然后由于主句的时态是过去时,因此从句也要用过去的时态,故选B。
13. C。本题考查宾语从句的引导词that,可以省略,在从句中不作任何成分。
14. B。首先,从句应该用陈述句语序,因此只能考虑A或B。然后根据题目的意思,他问我去了哪里,证明我已经回来的,问的是曾经去了哪里,因此用been to。
15. A。该题中的A, C, D都是陈述句语序,都可以考虑;但是只有A符合从句时态的要求,故选A。
[真题链接]
1. B。句意:—你知道他们什么时候开会吗?—明天上午。本题考查宾语从句。tomorrow
morning为一般将来时的标志词,故可排除A、C两项。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,排除D项。故选B。
2. A。句意:—格林先生,你知道我们的夏令营什么时候开始吗?—7月10号,它将持续一个月。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知疑问词应为when,无论主语是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序,故选A。
3. D。句意:我不知道是谁留下的信息。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序,而A、B两个选项都是疑问句语序,故排除;C选项时态不对,主句是过去时,从句也应用相应的过去时,故选D。
II.根据汉语提示,用宾语从句补全下列句子。
1. why she is so crazy about
2. whether she’ll accept it
3. what we should do
4. how I can get to Zhongshan park
if he has been back
III.句型转换
1.【答案】 tell how to start
【详解】
句意:你能告诉我应该怎样启动这台电脑吗?原句是宾语从句,主句保持不变;宾语从句“how I should start the computer”可以和“疑问词+不定式”进行转换,在句子中作宾语,how“怎样”,start“开始”的不定式是to start,故填tell;how;to;start。
2.【答案】 whether##if was
【详解】
句意:他问我:“你对你最近的案子满意吗?”原句中“Are you satisfied with your recent case ”是一般疑问句,变复合句后,从句部分的引导词用whether/if表示“是否”,宾语从句遵循“主过从必过”原则,主句是一般过去时,从句也应用一般过去时,主语是I,be动词用was。故填whether/if ;was。
3.【答案】 whether/if is
【详解】
句意:他来自英国吗?你能告诉我吗?根据题干可知,原句为两个小分句,合并为一句后则为宾语从句,一般疑问句转为宾语从句时,需要whether/if的引导,另外宾语从句应为陈述语序,因此从句为whether/if he is from England。故填whether/if;is。
4.【答案】 you are
【详解】
句意:你能告诉我吗?你为什么在这么重要的会议上迟到?tell sb sth.意为“告诉某人某事”,tell后面可加宾语从句,why“为什么”可作宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句使用陈述语序,故填you;are。