Units7-8知识点汇总学案（含解析） 人教版八年级英语下册

8BU7-8知识点汇总
U7
一、知识点
1.time 指“时间”时，为不可数名词；指“次数，倍数时”是可数名词
A + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +B “A是B的几倍”
例：Our new school is four times as big as the old one.
2.die v“死”表示生命的结束→ dead adj 死的→death n 死亡
常用短语
⑴ die from + 外因 “死于……”，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。
die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故
例：The old man died from a car accident last year. 这个老人去年死于一场车祸
⑵die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因
die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 例： His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992.
⑶ die out“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹。
Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了
3.less 更少的
⑴less是little（小；少）的比较级
He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。
⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不…”，“更不…”解。
It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨天那样冷。
4.there be句型的将来时
There will be+动词原形 There is/are going to +动词原形
二、语法
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
little less least
old old / elder old /eldest
bad/badly/ill worse worst
far farther (距离)/further（程度） farthest /furthest
可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even.
U8
一、知识点
1.belong 属于； 归属
belong to +人名（不能用所有格）+代词宾格（不能用物主代词） 属于
注：belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。
Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s
The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s.
2.million 一百万
hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的
million n 百万 millions of成百万的
注：(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式
(2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式，millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词
Three million workers have planted millions of trees
3.the number of
⑴ the number of 表示“……的数目” ，后跟名词复数或代词，其后的谓语动词用单数。
⑵ a number of 表示“大量的，许多” ，后跟复数名词，其后谓语动词用复数。
4.for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，可以与 and so on 连用。
二、语法
现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本结构： have/has + done
4.否定形式： have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句： 把have或has放于句首。
6.反义疑问句： 直接用has /have 进行反问
7.与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
go out----be out finish-----be over leave ----be away from buy ----have
borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die---dead
start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be
make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep
catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be
同步练习
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1. In the dialogue below, we use the rising tone when we say “sorry”, it means ________
A. I don’t want to help you.
B. I feel sorry not to pass it before.
C. I don’t think your request is right.
D. I didn’t hear you. Can you repeat it
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：在下面的对话中，当我们说“对不起”时，我们使用升调，这意味着我没有听到你说的话。你能重复一遍吗？
考查语调。I don’t want to help you我不想帮助你；I feel sorry not to pass it before我为我刚才没有及时递给你而感到抱歉；I don’t think your request is right我认为你的需要是不对的；I didn’t hear you. Can you repeat it我没听清你说什么。你可以重复一下吗。根据题干“we use the rising tone when we say ‘sorry’ ”可知我们用上升声调说sorry时表达的含义是没有听清楚对方的问题，需要对方再次重复问题。故选D。
2. —Did you see a pencil case I left it on the desk just now.
—Is it ________ red one Mathew took it away.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你看到铅笔盒了吗？我刚才把它忘在桌子上了。——它是红色的吗？马修把它拿走了。
考查冠词的用法。根据“Is it…red one ”可知，问它是一个红色的铅笔盒吗，用a/an泛指“一个”，“red”以辅音音素开头，用a。故选B。
3. When I walked the south side of the square，I happened to meet our English teacher.
A. across B. around C. through D. along
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：当我沿着广场的南侧走的时候，我碰巧遇到了我们的英语老师。沿着某一边（侧）走用介词along。walk across表示“从表面穿过”；walk around表示“绕……走”；walk through表示“从内部穿过”。故选D。
4. I sent many emails to Sam who was studying abroad, but he never ________ to any of them.
A. replied B. repeated C. remembered D. recommended
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我给在国外读书的Sam发了很多邮件，但他从来没有回复过。
考查动词辨析。replied回复；repeated重复；remembered记住；recommended推荐。根据“I sent many emails to Sam who was studying abroad, but he never...to any of them.”可知，是没有回复邮件，故选A。
5. Several days later, in the English class, many students ________ their ideas about how to spend the coming summer holiday.
A. share B. shared C. will share D. are sharing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：几天后，在英语课上，许多学生分享了他们关于如何度过即将到来的暑假的想法。
考查动词的时态。根据“Several days later”可知，句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。
6. — ________ goldfish! Who bought them for you
— My grandpa did. He wanted me to take good care of them.
A. What a pretty B. How a pretty C. What pretty D. How pretty
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——真好看的金鱼。谁给你买的它们？——我的爷爷。他想要我照顾好它们。
考查感叹句。感叹句结构是what+（a/an）+adj.+n.+主谓或how+adj./adv.+主谓。根据感叹句结构及空格后“goldfish”可知应用“what”引导感叹句。根据“them”可知“goldfish”是复数形式。故选C。
7. — ________ does the little elephant weigh
— At least five hundred kilos.
A How much B. How heavy C. How many D. What
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这个小象重多少？——至少五百公斤。
考查疑问词辨析。How much多少；How heavy多重；How many多少（个）；What什么。根据“...does the little elephant weigh”可知是对重量提问。对重量提问可用句式What’s the weight of...；How much does...weigh 及How heavy is...？故选A。
8. —______ I take the book home I really like it.
—Sure. But you ______ keep it clean.
A. May; may B. Can; can C. May; must D. Must; may
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】句意：——我能把书带回家吗？我真的很喜欢。——当然。但你必须保持干净。
考查情态动词辨析。may可以、可能；can能、会；must必须、一定。根据答语“Sure.”可知，空一的情态动词表示请求，应用may或can；根据空前“Sure.”和but的提示可知，空二应用must，必须。故选C。
9. —Happy birthday, Anna! Here’s my present for you.
—Wow, thank you so much! I’m really ________ that you still remember my birthday.
A. sure B. special C. strange D. surprised
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——生日快乐，安娜！这是我给你的礼物。——哇，太感谢你了！我真地很惊讶你还记得我的生日。
考查形容词辨析。sure确定的；special特别的；strange奇怪的；surprised惊讶的，惊喜的。根据“…that you still remember my birthday.”可知，对方还记得自己的生日，这让安娜感到惊讶。故选D。
10. —Mum, can I have some ice cream
—Finish your dinner first, ________ you won’t get any ice cream.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——妈妈。我可以吃冰淇淋吗？——先把饭吃完，否则你不会有冰淇淋吃。
考查连词词义辨析。and和，表并列关系；but但是，表转折关系；or否则，用于警告；so所以，表因果关系。根据“Finish your dinner first”和“you won’t get any ice cream.”可知，空前为祈使句，空后为陈述句，中间应用or表示“否则”来连接。故选C。
11. —David, do you know Michael goes to study in another school
—Really It happens so ________. I even never say goodbye to him.
A. quietly B. suddenly C. quickly D. slowly
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——大卫，你知道迈克尔去另一所学校学习吗？——真的吗？事情发生得太突然了。我甚至还没有跟他说再见。
考查副词辨析。quietly安静地；suddenly突然地；quickly快速地；slowly慢地。根据“Really It happens so…I even never say goodbye to him.”可知不知道Michael转学的事，这件事发生得太突然。故选B。
12. — What do you think we should do to make our classroom cleaner
— It’s important to ________ rubbish and put it into the rubbish bin.
A. put up B. hurry up C. cut up D. pick up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你认为我们应该怎样做才能使教室更干净？ ——捡起垃圾并把它放进垃圾箱是很重要的。
动词短语。put up建造；hurry up赶紧；cut up切碎；pick up捡起。根据下文“put it into the rubbish bin”可知，此处指的是捡起垃圾和扔进垃圾桶。故选D。
13. Which of the following “ed” has the same pronunciation as “danced”
A. enjoyed B. closed C. stopped D. wanted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：以下哪个单词中“ed”与“danced”中发音相同？
考查发音。enjoyed/ n'd d/，ed发音为/ d/；closed/kl zd/，ed发音为/d/；stopped/st pt/，ed发音为/t/；wanted/ w nt d/，ed发音为/ d/。danced音标为/dɑ nst/，ed发音为/t/，与C项相同。故选C。
14. The school wants parents to ________.
A. park their cars at the school gate
B. teach their children to walk to school
C. drive their children to school carefully
D. stop dropping off children outside the gate
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：学校希望家长不要让孩子在大门外下车。
考查常识。根据布告内容可知，由于家长开车把孩子送到学校大门外，导致学生差点被撞到，因此学校要求家长把车停到停车场。D项“不要让孩子在大门外下车”符合布告要求。故选D。
15. — Can you come to the party at half past six in the evening
— ________. The meeting won’t be over at that time.
A. I think so B. I’m afraid not C. I’d like to D. I hope not
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——晚上六点半你能来派对吗？——我恐怕不行，会议在那个时候不会结束。
考查情景交际。I think so我认为如此；I’m afraid not我恐怕不行；I’d like to我想要；I hope not我希望不。根据“The meeting won’t be over at that time.”可知会议在派对开始时还不会结束。故不能去派对。故选B。
二、完形填空
Hi. I’m Dino, the family dog. I help keep people safe, especially on the ____16____. Take a look at my diary to see what I did last week.
Sunday Our neighbor’s boy ran in front of a car to get his ball. The car almost ____17____ him. I saved him. Remember, ____18____ look and listen.
Monday Walking on the street at night can be very dangerous, especially if you wear ____19____ clothes. Car drivers can’t see you very well and may have no time to stop. ____20____, I never go out without my reflective (反光的) jacket.
Tuesday People can get very angry when driving, usually for silly (傻) reasons. One driver started shouting at Mum ____21____ today when she stopped to let some children cross the road. I soon made him stop.
Wednesday I saw two girls walking on a dangerous road when they can walk on the safe pavement (人行道). I soon made them ____22____ their minds.
Thursday I make sure everyone in our car wears their seat belt. If they ____23____, I soon remind them.
Friday I like Fridays. The roads are quieter, but you still have to be ____24____. I caught Dad talking on his mobile phone while driving. I soon stopped him.
Saturday Mum took me for a walk. A car was parked on the corner of the street. It might cause ____25____. I left a message on the car!
16. A. roads B. houses C. weekends D. sides
17. A. caught B. hit C. stopped D. found
18. A. sometimes B. never C. seldom D. always
19. A. light B. modern C. dark D. old
20. A. Sadly B. Surprisingly C. Finally D. Luckily
21. A. clearly B. softly C. gently D. loudly
22. A. keep B. change C. find D. forget
23.A. forget B. accept C. insist D. learn
24. A. quick B. careful C. early D. calm
25. A. stories B. results C. dangers D. rules
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. D 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文通过小狗Dino的日记介绍了Dino帮助人们保持安全的一些行为以及建议。
【16题详解】
句意：我帮助保护人们的安全，尤其是在路上。
roads道路；houses房子；weekends周末；sides边。根据下文“Walking on the street at night can be very dangerous”可知，此处指的是“在马路上”，应填名词roads。故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：汽车差点撞到他。
caught抓住；hit撞到；stopped停止；found发现。根据“The car almost…him.”可知，汽车差点撞到他，此处应填动词hit“撞到”。故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：记住，总是看和听。
sometimes有时；never从不；seldom很少；always总是。根据“Remember…look and listen.”可知，此处指的是总是看和听，空处应填副词always“总是”。故选D。
【19题详解】
句意：晚上在街上行走可能非常危险，尤其是如果你穿着深色衣服。
light浅色的；modern现代的；dark深色的；old老的。根据“Walking on the street at night can be very dangerous, especially if you wear…clothes.”可知，此处指的是穿着深色的衣服，空处应填形容词dark“深色的”。故选C。
【20题详解】
句意：幸运的是，我出门总穿反光夹克。
Sadly悲伤地；Surprisingly令人惊讶地；Finally最终；Luckily幸运地。根据上文“Car drivers can’t see you very well and may have no time to stop.”可知，此处指的是幸运的是，“我”出门总穿反光夹克，空处应填副词luckily“幸运地”。故选D。
【21题详解】
句意：今天，当妈妈停车让一些孩子过马路时，一名司机开始大声对她大喊大叫。
clearly清晰地；softly柔软地；gently温柔地；loudly大声地。根据“One driver started shouting at Mum…today when she stopped to let some children cross the road.”可知，此处指的是一名司机开始大声对她大喊大叫，应填副词loudly“大声地”。故选D。
【22题详解】
句意：我很快让他们改变主意。
keep保持；change改变；find找到；forget忘记。根据“I soon made them…their minds.”可知，此处指的是让他们改变主意，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，change one’s mind“改变主意”，为固定短语，空处应填动词原形change“改变”。故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：如果他们忘记了，我很快就会提醒他们。
forget忘记；accept接受；insist坚持；learn学习。根据上文“I make sure everyone in our car wears their seat belt.”可知，此处指的是如果他们忘记了，“我”很快就会提醒他们，空处应填动词forget“忘记”。故选A。
【24题详解】
句意：道路比较安静，但你还要小心。
quick快速的；careful仔细的；early早的；calm平静的。根据“The roads are quieter, but you still have to be…”可知，道路比较安静，但你还是要小心，此处应填careful“仔细的”。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：它可能会造成危险。
stories故事；results结果；dangers危险；rules规则。根据上文“A car was parked on the corner of the street.”可知，此处指的是可能会造成危险，空处应填名词dangers“危险”。故选C。