人教版七年级下册Units7-8知识点汇总 （含解析）

7BU7-8知识点汇总
U7
重点单词讲解
rain v.&n.
【考点】① v. 下雨
② n. 雨，不可数
③ adj. 下雨的 rainy
Eg,
It is raining now.
It’s rainy today.
cloudy多云的
【考点】①cloud+y, 构成了形容词
②天气的这类单词还有： rain 雨→rainy 下雨的； snow 雪→snowy 下雪的；
wind风→windy 多风的； sun 太阳→sunny 晴朗的； fog 雾→foggy 多雾的；ice冰→icy冰冷的
Eg,
It’s sunny today. Let’s ride a bike !
message消息；信息
【考点】① 信息；可数名词
take a message for sb. 为某人捎个口信
send a message to sb. = send sb. a message 给某人发消息
leave a message 留言/留口信
② message/ information的区别
message收到的信息或者留言（可数）
information 在网上查询或者收集到的信息（不可数）
Eg,
Please take the message to Lily.
You can look up some information on the Internet.
hard adj./adv.
【考点】①adj. 坚硬的；困难的=difficult
② adv. 努力地
Eg，
The math problem is too hard for me.
We should study hard at school.
weather n. 天气
【考点】① 天气；不可数名词
② 对天气提问的句型
What’s the weather like
= How is the weather
Eg,
What fine weather it is!
How is the weather today --It’s rainy.
cook
【考点】① v. 烹饪；做饭---n cooker厨具
② n 厨师
Eg，
He is a cook. He can cook all kinds of food with his cookers.
problem n. 困难；问题 （可数名词）
【考点】①n. 困难have no problem in doing sth 做某事没问题
have problems in doing sth. 做某事有问题
② problem/ question的区别
problem 一般指等待解决的问题，尤指比较难的问题或者物理、数学题等。solve解决 、work out解决
question 指为寻求答案或信息而提出的问题，也指考题或试题，常与 ask 问/ answer回答 搭配。
Eg,
I have some problems in math.
He often helps me solve the math problems.
Can you answer my question
visit n.&v. 参观；拜访
【考点】①n. 参观；拜访 pay a visit to ... 参观...
② v. 参观；拜访---visitor n. 游客；参观者
visit + 人 拜访某人 visit + 地点 参观某地
Eg，
We plan to visit Beijing.=We plan to pay a visit to Beijing.
There are many visitors in Hongyadong.
词性转换
① Russian adj. 俄罗斯的 n. 俄罗斯人；俄语---Russia n. 俄罗斯
② Canada n. 加拿大 ---Canadian n. 加拿大人--Canadians 复数形式
重点短语
How’s it going = How’s everything going
take a message for … 为……捎个口信
have a good time / have a great time / have fun / enjoy oneself 过得很愉快
call sb. back 给某人回电话
study hard 努力学习
on a vacation 在度假
in the mountains 在山里
write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信
right for… 适合……
just right for doing sth.
tell sb. (not) to do sth.
have a great time/have fun + (in) doing sth
语法知识点
谈论天气的句型
What’s the weather like
=How is the weather
回答：It’s +天气。
Eg,
--What’s the weather like today 今天天气如何呀？
--It’s cloudy. 今天多云。
现在进行时
①现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
定义不同；
动词形式不同；
时间状语或标志词不同
②现在进行时的注意事项
现在进行时与always等副词连用，并不表示正在进行的动作，而是表示反复出现 的或习惯性的动作， 传达说话人厌恶、赞扬的情绪。
Sally is always helping others.
My sister is always sleeping late.
go, leave, arrive, come 等位移动词，可用现在进行时表示将来。
The Whites are coming to lunch tomorrow.
We’re coming now.
感官动词（see, hear, taste）等表示态度和感情、心理状态的动词（love, think, want）一般不用现在进行时。
The apple tastes delicious.
I want to be a teacher in the future.
U8
重点单词讲解
pay n.&v. 付费
【考点】① v. 花钱；付费
②n. 费用 pay phone付费电话
③ pay与take的区别
人+pay+钱 for sth 某人花钱在某物上
It takes sb+一段时间 to do sth 某人花多少时间做某事
Eg，
He pays ten yuan for the novel.
It takes him two hours to finish the work.
across prep. 过；穿过
【考点】① adv. & prep. 穿过 across from... 在...对面
② go/walk across= cross穿过
Eg，
There is a post office across from the street.
You can go across the street.= You can cross the street.
front n. 前面
【考点】① in front of 在..的前面（外部的前面）
② in the front of 在..的前面（内部的前面）
Eg，
There is a big lemon tree in front of my house.
There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
north n. 北方
【考点】① 东南西北前面介词用in
② north n. 北方--northern adj. 北方的
south n. 南方----southern. adj 南方的
west n. 西方---western. adj 西方的
east n. 东方----eastern. adj 东方的
turn v. 转向；翻
【考点】① turn left turn right
②turn v. ---turning n. 转弯处
spend v. 花费
【考点】① spend 钱/时间 on sth花钱/时间在某事上
② spend 钱/时间 （in）doing sth花钱/时间做某事
③ spend/take/pay/cost的区别
Sb+ spend +钱/时间 doing sth/ on sth 某人花钱做某事/某人花钱在某物上
Sb+ pay +钱for sth 某人为某物付钱
It takes/took sb +时间段+ to do sth 某人花一段时间做某事
Sth cost sb +钱 某物花了某人多少钱
Eg，
He spends a lot of time playing computer games.
=It takes him a lot of time to play commuter games.
free adj.自由的；免费的
【考点】① be free to do 有时间做某事=have time to do sth
②免费的 sth be free
Eg,
Are you free to have dinner with me
The apples here are free. Help yourselves!
enjoy v. 喜欢；享受
【考点】① enjoy sth 享受某物
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
enjoy oneself 玩的开心=have fun=have a good time
Eg,
I hope you can enjoy yourselves here.
watch v. 观看
【考点】① watch v. 看 watch TV
② see/ hear的短语搭配
watch sb/sth do sth
watch sb/sth doing sth
Eg，
I often see him play basketball on the playground.
I watch Bob listening to music in the classroom.
重点短语
across from 在……对面
next to 挨着，靠近
between… and… 在……和……之间
in front of 在……前面
far from 离……远
go along… 沿着……走
turn right / left 向右 / 左转
on the(或one’s) right / left 在（某人的）右边 / 左边
in my neighborhood 在我的街区
look like 看起来像
be free 免费（有空）
spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在
spend + 时间 / +金钱 (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
语法知识点
There be 句型
①定义：某地有某物
②结构以及句式变化
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 There is/are + 主语+ 地点状语/时间状语 There is a big tree in front of the house.
否定句 There isn’t/aren’t +主语+ 地点状语/时间状语 There aren’t any books on the desk.
一般疑问句及回答 Is/Are there + 主语+ 地点状语/时间状语？ Yes, three is. No, there aren’t. ---Are there any English books in the library ---Yes, there are. --- No, there aren’t.
③ There be 结构的主谓一致：就近原则，挨着be动词的名词/代词决定be动词的单复数
There is a man and two boys under the tree.
There is two erasers and a ruler on the table.
④There be 结构与have/has的区别
There is a ruler on my desk.（强调某地存在某物）
I have a book and two pens .(某人拥有的所属关系)
There are about 2,000 students in our school.
=Our school has about 2000 students.
问路以及指路的问与答
①问路：
Is there ...near there
Where is ...
Do you know the way to...
Which is the way to...
How can I get to ...
Excuse me. Could you please tell me how to get to ...
② 指路：
It’s on .... Street/Road.
It’s in front of / near/ across from/behind the...
Walk/ Go along/down ...Street/Road.
Turn right/left at the ...crossing.
Take the ... turning on the right/left.
Take the No. ... bus and get off at...
同步练习
一、听力(每小题1．5分，共30分)
二、选择填空<每小题1分，共15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. -- The blue kite is not Millie's --________________ is yellow.
A. Mine B. Yours C. Hers D. His
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——蓝色的风筝不是米莉的——她的是黄色的。考查代词辨析题。空格后面没有名词，需用名词性物主代词；Millie米莉是女生，需用hers，根据句意语境，可知选C。
22. Mary does well Geography, but sometimes she is careless.
A. at B. in C. for D. about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：玛丽地理学得很好，但有时她粗心大意。考查介词辨析题。for为了；about关于；at在，表位置或时刻；in在……方面。do well in在……做得好；根据句意语境，可知选B。
23. -- May I make a call on your phone, Mr Zhang
-- Of course you . Here you are.
A. can't B. could C. couldn't D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——张先生，我可以打你的电话吗？——当然可以。给你。考查情态动词辨析题。A. can't不可以/不能够，表不许可或没能力；B. could能够/打算，can的过去式，用于假设语气的条件句或虚拟语气的结论句；C. couldn't不愿意；D. can可以/能够，表许可或能力。本句表许可，根据句意语境，可知选D。
24. I usually wash my face in the__________ .
A. living room B. bedroom C. bathroom D. dining room
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我通常在浴室里洗脸。考查名词辨析题。wash my face洗脸；根据句意语境，可知bathroom符合句意，故选C。
25. Your name again I'm sorry I catch it.
A. don't B. didn't C. won't D. wasn't
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：再说一下你的名字？对不起，我没听清。考查助动词辨析题。catch抓住，原形不可用wasn’t；it是指Your name，根据句意语境，可知“我”刚才没听清你说的名字，需用一般过去时，故选B。
26. They_____________ a new school here next year.
A. build B. will build C. built D. are building
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：他们明年将这里建一所新学校。考查动词时态辨析题。next year明年，用于一般将来时，根据句意语境，可知选B。
27. The firemen soon arrived and _______________the fire.
A. put out B. took out C. helped out D. looked out
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：消防队员很快就到了，扑灭了火。考查动词短语辨析题。A. put out扑灭，伸出；B. took out取出，除去；C. helped out帮助…出来；D. looked out向外看。根据句意语境，可知BCD三项意思都与句意不合，故选A。
28. A girl is singing by the river. Let's find a place to go fishing.
A. clean B. bright C. quiet D. fresh
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：一个女孩在河边唱歌。我们找个安静的地方钓鱼吧。考查形容词辨析题。A. clean干净的；B. bright明亮的；C. quiet安静的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据句意语境，可知quiet符合句意，故选C。
29. Look! There is at the door. Who can it be
A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：看！门口有人。它是谁？考查不定代词辨析题。A. everybody每个人；B. nobody没有人；C. somebody某人/有人；D. anybody任何人。根据后面的疑问Who can it be ，可知有人在那，故选C。
30. live in very dry places. They can live without water for a long time.
A. Monkeys B. Camels C. Pandas D. Giraffes
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：骆驼生活在非常干燥的地方。他们可以长期生活在没有水的情况下。考查名词辨析题。A. Monkeys猴子；B. Camels骆驼；C. Pandas熊猫；D. Giraffes长颈鹿。根据句意语境，可知Camels合乎句意，故选B。
31. In an English dictionary ( 字典) , which of the four words comes first
A. mobile B. sunny C. picture D. remember
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：在英语词典中，四个词中哪一个最先出现？考查字母排序题。根据句意，结合26个英文字母的顺序，依次出现的是mobile、picture 、remember、sunny，故选A。
32. If you wonder, you_______________ .
A. want to know something B. shout at something
C. say something as an answer D. say something again
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：你是否好奇，你想知道一些事情。考查句意辨析题。A. want to know something想知道一些事情；B. shout at something大喊大叫；C. say something as an answer说某事作为回答；D. say something again再说点什么。if是否，表疑问；wonder想知道/好奇，根据句意语境，可知BCD三项意思都与句意不合，故选A。
33. "pet" rhymes with "bed". Which word rhymes with "much"
A. hide B. bark C. end D. touch
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意："pet" 和 "bed"押韵。哪个词语和"much"押韵？考查语音辨析题。much的尾音是/ t /，根据四个单词的发音，可知touch的尾音也是/ t /，故选D。
34. -- Excuse me, is there a bookshop nearby
--___________It's at the street corner.
A. Yes B. No C. I'm not sure D. I don't know
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——请问附近有书店吗？——是的，在街角。考查一般疑问句及回答。本句是一般疑问句，根据答句It's at the street corner.，可知是肯定回答，故选A。
35. Look at this picture.
Which sentence is WRONG
A. The river is in front of the house.
B. The trees are behind the house.
C. The flowers are beside the house.
D. The windows are above the door.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：看这幅图。哪个句子是错误的？考查图文结合题。A. The river is in front of the house. 河在房子的前面。B. The trees are behind the house. 树在房子的后面。C. The flowers are beside the house.花在房子旁边。D. The windows are above the door.窗户在门的上方。根据句意和图意，窗户在门的两边，可知The windows are above the door.错误，故选D。
二、完形填空
Dear Grandma
How is it going I hope that ___36___ is well now. I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week. I hope both of you are ___37___ .
Things are fine here. I finished my end-of-year exams last week and today I got my ___38___. Luckily I did OK____39____ time. I had a really hard time with science this term. I wasn't____40____to find my worst report from my Science teacher. She said I was lazy, but it isn't true. It's just that I find science really ___41___ . Another disappointing (令人失望的) result was in history. My___42___teacher said I could do better. The ____43____ news is that my Maths teacher said I was hard-working. My French teacher said that my listening and speaking were very good, ___44___ I need to read more.
Well, that's about the news I ____45____ for now. Mom and Dad send their loves.
Love,
Suzy
36. A. Grandpa B. Mum C. Dad D. Aunt
37. A. healthy B. clever C. special D. weak
38. A. homework B. plan C. report D. video
39. A. this B. that C. next D. last
40. A. happy B. sad C. excited D. surprised
41.A. interesting B. easy C. difficult D. amazing
42. A. science B. history C. maths D. French
43. A. early B. bad C. late D. good
44. A. and B. but C. so D. or
45. A. look B. ask C. wait D. have
【答案】36. A 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【分析】短文大意：在给奶奶的信中，Suzy询问了爷爷的身体，然后重点介绍了自己年终考试的成绩，最后代爸爸妈妈表达了问候。
【36题详解】
句意：我希望爷爷现在身体好了。考查名词辨析题。根据下文I was sorry to hear that he had a cold last week. I hope both of you are healthy .，可知爷爷上星期感冒了，希望他好了，故选A。
【37题详解】
句意：我希望你们俩都健康。考查形容词辨析题。healthy健康的，根据句意语境，可知BCD三项意思都与句意不合，故选A。
【38题详解】
句意：上周我完成了年终考试，今天我拿到了报告单。考查名词辨析题。A. homework家庭作业；B. plan计划；C. report成绩报告单；D. video视频。根据句意语境，考完试后会出成绩报告单，可知选C。
【39题详解】
句意：幸运的是这次我做得很好。考查代词辨析题。this/that time这/那次，表近指/远指；next time下一次，last time最后一次。本句指的是end-of-year exams，是近指，根据句意语境，可知选A。
【40题详解】
句意：发现我的科学老师最差的报告我并不奇怪。考查形容词辨析题。A. happy高兴的；B. sad伤心的；C. excited兴奋的；D. surprised惊奇的。根据上文I had a really hard time with science this term.，结合句意语境，可知科学成绩不好是意料之中的，故选D。
【41题详解】
句意：只是我觉得科学真的很难。考查形容词辨析题。A. interesting有趣的；B. easy简单的；C. difficult困难的；D. amazing令人惊异的。根据上文I had a really hard time with science this term.，可知科学课不容易，故选C。
【42题详解】
句意：我的历史老师说我可以做得更好。考查名词辨析题。根据上文Another disappointing result was in history.，结合句意语境，可知是历史老师，故选B。
【43题详解】
句意：好消息是我的数学老师说我很努力。考查形容词辨析题。news消息；根据句意语境，前面的科学和历史是bad news，现在说的是好消息good news，可知选D。
【44题详解】
句意：我的法语老师说我的听力和口语都很好，但我需要多读一些。考查连词辨析题。and表并列，but表转折，so表因果，or表选择。本句前后是转折关系，需用but连接，根据句意语境，可知选B。
【45题详解】
句意：这是关于我现在的新闻。考查动词辨析题。A. look看；B. ask问；C. wait等；D. have有。根据句意语境，可知have符合句意，故选D。