押第56-60题 知识运用之阅读表达（长沙卷）
【题型概述】
分析湖南近3年各地市中考英语真题可知,回答问题型阅读的话题涉及故事类、介绍类、观点建议类、饮食与健康类、科普知识类、文化风俗类及校园生活类。词数为200-260词，一般情况下，每篇文章设5个问题，其中以4个特殊疑问句、1个一般疑问句居多，少量涉及5个特殊疑问句和3个特殊疑问句、2个一般疑问句。
【阅读策略】
此类题型不仅要求考生读懂文章，还要求考生能够用自己的语言简要地回答有关问题;既考查考生的阅读理解能力，也考查考生的英语表达能力和概括能力。另外，对考生的拼写能力、语法掌握能力也提出了一定的要求,再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言,加大了做题的难度。要想取得较好的成绩,好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的。本题型答题应注意以下五点:
、在答题前，先快速浏览短文之后的问题。以便于在阅读的时候，有意识地留意文中出现的与问题有关的信息。
二、认真细读全文及所给图表，了解短文及图表中的细节内容，包括人物、时间、地点、内容、原因、数量、结果及图片各个要素之间的关系等,即who,when,where,what,why,
how many,how 等基本要素信息,并作出不同的标记，以备答题时一目了然，提高答题速度和效率。
三、仔细阅读问题，在理解题意的基础上，从文中或图片中提取所需要的信息进行逐一回答，此时一定要注意图片之间的内在联系，读懂图片以后，再认真组织语言，注意书写的清晰度与准确性，注意语言表达的逻辑性和严密性。
四、对于具有归纳与总结性的问题，需要对所给图文中的信息材料进行甄别与筛选，综合相关信息进行必要的转换、归纳和概括。
五、对于开放性试题，考生一定要读懂题意，搞清楚问什么，有几个问题，防止遗漏。此类试题一般都和文章的话题相关，对于考生来说并不陌生。重要的是要注意回答问题的人称和时态等。比如问过去的事情用一般过去时，表达自己或他人对某事的观点用一般现
在时;人称上尤其要注意第三人称单数形式。
要求考生读完一篇文章后,根据文中相关内容,完成相关的填空题。这种阅读在形式上灵活多样,内容上丰富多彩,并联系实际,强调主观表述,旨在考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力,快速获取信息的能力,也考查考生组织信息和表达信息的能力。
Passage A（2023湖南长沙卷）
One day, a group of tourists from Australia climbed a large rock in the Central Park of New York City. They took pictures of one another with the high-rise buildings in the background. Like many other tourists, they didn’t realize that high in a nearby tree, there was something more worthy of attention: an eagle-owl (雕鸮) named Flaco.
Earlier that month, the bird Flaco made his great escape (逃跑) from the Central Park Zoo. The zookeepers then tried several times to catch him but were unsuccessful. He seemed to be in no hurry to return to the zoo.
Olga Torrey, a photographer, has been photographing animals in city parks for 12 years. Since Flaco escaped, Torrey has kept a close eye on him. She wondered if he would ever return to the zoo. “Once he gets a taste of freedom, I’m not sure...” she said.
Still, each day spent outside puts Flaco in danger. He might accidentally hit windows and get injured (受伤) while flying. Moreover, the eagle-owl lived his whole life in the zoo in the past. He may not be used to finding food on his own. And if he made a meal of a rat (耗子), it might harm his health—the rat might contain poison (含有毒物).
The zoo has had the workers carefully watch Flaco all the time, as they are worried about his safety. Has Flaco eaten anything today Has he got injured today
Well, another day of watching has now begun.
21. Where did Flaco escape from
22. What is Olga Torrey’s job
23. If Flaco made a meal of a rat, what might happen to him
24. Why do the zoo workers keep watching Flaco carefully
25. Should we get Flaco back to the zoo Why or why not
【答案】21. The Central Park Zoo.
22. A photographer.
23. His health might be harmed.
24. Because they are worried about his safety.
25. Yes, because Falco may not be used to the life outside the zoo.
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了从中央公园动物园逃离出去的一只名为Flaco的雕鸮。大家都在担心Flaco是否会受伤，是否能成功觅食，是否会误吃了含有毒物的老鼠等，摄影师Olga Torrey和动物园的员工们都在密切留意着Flaco。
【21题详解】根据“Earlier that month, the bird Flaco made his great escape from the Central Park Zoo.”可知，Flaco是从中央公园动物园逃离出去的。故填The Central Park Zoo.
【22题详解】根据“Olga Torrey, a photographer, has been photographing animals in city parks for 12 years.”可知，Olga Torrey是一个摄影师。故填A photographer.
【23题详解】根据“And if he made a meal of a rat, it might harm his health”可知，如果Flaco吃了老鼠，那可能会损害他的健康。故填His health might be harmed.
【24题详解】根据“The zoo has had the workers carefully watch Flaco all the time, as they are worried about his safety.”可知，因为动物园的工作人员们担心Flaco的安全，所以他们一直密切留意着他。故填Because they are worried about his safety.
【25题详解】开放性问题，回答言之有理即可。如根据“Moreover, the eagle-owl lived his whole life in the zoo in the past. He may not be used to finding food on his own.”可知，Flaco一直生活在动物园里，他可能不习惯自己去觅食，如果Flaco独自生活在外面，他可能会不习惯外面的环境，从而无法生存下去，所以我们应该把Flaco送回动物园。故填Yes, because Falco may not be used to the life outside the zoo.
Passage B（2022湖南长沙卷）
Message New Reply Forward Delete Print Move to Dear Wang, Great to hear you are coming to the USA! I do hope you can stop by and visit us in the Big Apple — a popular name for New York City. There are so many things to see and do here. It would take a lifetime to list them all: Chinatown, Wall Street, Central Park, to name only a few. But knowing you as I do, I’d suggest walking through Midtown Manhattan. It is very popular in the USA and just can’t be missed! People often say that no visit to New York City is complete without a trip to Broadway! Broadway with its cafés, street performers（表演者）and colorful signs really represents New York’s loud spirit! As Broadway is the heart of the American theater industry, it’s at night when it truly comes alive. Broadway is well-known for its big theaters. They show Shakespeare, modern plays, dance shows or musicals — take your pick! With your love of singing and interest in drama（戏剧）, I’d recommend（推荐）a musical. It’s a great and moving experience that I’m sure you would love — a bit like Peking opera! Many musicals are based on classic stories like Les Miserables or Peter Pan, and they might even inspire（激发）you to read the books, too! My big news is that I am going to China on vacation this winter. I am looking for places of interest in China. Can you recommend some to me See you soon! Leslie
21. What is New York City also called
22. Is Broadway famous for its big theaters
23. What are many musicals based on
24. When is Leslie going to China on vacation
25. Which place of interest in China will you recommend to Leslie
参考答案：
本文是Leslie写给中国朋友的一封信，信中主要介绍了纽约的景点，尤其是百老汇的剧院。
【21题详解】根据“I do hope you can stop by and visit us in the Big Apple—a popular name for New York City.”可知，纽约又被称作“大苹果”。故填The Big Apple.
【22题详解】根据“Broadway is well-known for its big theaters.”可知，百老汇以其大剧院而闻名，因此答案是肯定的。故填Yes, it is.
【23题详解】根据“Many musicals are based on classic stories like Les Miserables or Peter
Pan,”可知，许多音乐剧都是根据（《悲惨世界》或《彼得潘》等）经典故事改编的。故填They are based on classic stories (like Les Miserables or Peter Pan).
【24题详解】根据“My big news is that I am going to China on vacation this winter.”可知，Leslie将要在今年冬天去中国度假。故填This winter.
【25题详解】开放性问题，答案不唯一，符合实际即可。故参考答案为I will recommend the Great Wall to her.
一、细节理解题
细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who, what, where, when, why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。
凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。
例原文:On the first day of school, our professor introduced a little old lady to us.
问题:Who did the professor introduce on the first day of school
思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little old lady.
二、主旨大意题
此类问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea of the passage /What is the passage mainly about /What is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage /What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us /What does the writer want to tell us
由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。
★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。
★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段
落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。
思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:People don’t like the blue food and the reasons.
三、信息归纳题
该类题目要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。
四、开放性问答题
此类题目是要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
Passage A
Karlsson, a foreign teacher at Beijing Union University (BUU), has lived in China for over 15 years. He showed great interest in China when he joined in a program for East Asian studies in Switzerland in 1997. Back then, cellphones and the Internet were not widely used. Learning Chinese meant using textbooks, dictionaries and tapes. He learned Chinese in that way.
In 2006, with a high score in the Chinese language test, he won a scholarship for a five-week summer program in Beijing. After finishing the study program, Karlsson was offered a Beijing-based job as a market researcher. In the next year, he started to teach business at BUU.
Life in Beijing has been a wonderful experience. It has offered him many chances for personal growth. Today, thanks to high-speed broadband(宽带)and 5G, he can connect with students at BUU's partner universities in Russia or Mexico while riding on the Beijing subway.
Although he was busy on teaching days, Karlsson applied(申请)for a full-time scholarship(奖
学金) at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. At the age of 44, he got his Ph. D. in economics (经济学博士). "I am quite interested in blockchain (区块链)technology, and I know that China is quickly becoming the leader in blockchain applications. So, I always write my articles in this area, "he said.
"There is always time to follow your dreams if you work hard, "he said. "Taking challenges and also helping others are what makes life worth living, "
1．How did Karlsson learn Chinese in Switzerland
2．How long was the summer program in Beijing
3．Why could Karlsson connect with students from foreign countries on the subway
4．When did Karlsson get his Ph. D in economics
5．What can you learn from Karlsson's experiences
【答案】1．By using textbooks, heavy dictionaries and audio tapes.
2．For five weeks.
3．Because he could use high-speed broadband and 5G.
4．At the age of 44. / When he was 44.
5．Any reasonable answer is OK. Possible answer: Challenges can help us grow.
本文主要介绍一名瑞典老师在北京工作的情况。
1．根据"Learning Chinese meant using textbooks, dictionaries and tapes"可知，是通过教材，大字典和有声磁带来学习中文。故填By using textbooks, heavy dictionaries and audio tapes.
2．根据"he won a scholarship for a five-week summer program in Beijing."可知，项目有五天时间。故填For five weeks.
3．根据"Today, thanks to high-speed broadband(宽带) and 5G, he can connect with students at BUU's partner universities in Russia or Mexico while riding on the Beijing subway."可知，因为他可以使用高速宽带和5G，故填Because he could use high-speed broadband and 5G.
4．根据"At the age of 44, he got his Ph. D. in economics(经济学博士)."可知，44岁时，他获得了经济学博士学位。故填At the age of 44./When he was 44.
5．挑战可以帮助我们成长，故答案为Challenges can help us grow.
Passage B
Labor education has been made a part of compulsory（义务的） education. Students will have at least one course every week on basic household skills such as cleaning and cooking. Should
cooking be taught at schools How can labor education continue after school The topic catches wide social attention and causes heated public discussions.
Li Mei,a student in Beijing
We have little time to develop our interests because we have to spend most of the time studying. A household skill class can give us chances to experience more aspects of life and help us discover different interests. I hope we could be given the choices to take whatever courses we like.
Mrs.Chen,a housewife in Hubei
Schools should have cooking classes. Children will be taught about their food and how to cook properly. Many parents don't have the professional knowledge and have no time to do this. A household class would provide the knowledge and training that parents are unable to give their children.
Mr.Wang,a teacher in Shandong
By learning basic skills like cooking and cleaning, children can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently. Parents won't always help their children with every problem they'll meet in their life. They need to learn new things, solve problems and grow from their experiences. It is necessary for children to know how to master these important lifesaving skills as early as possible.
Wu Wei,an engineer in Shanghai
I learned some basic cooking skills from my mother. But most of them were learned after I graduated from the university, from books and online short videos.
Household skills like cooking are very useful in our daily life. I hope these cooking classes will really make the students realize that labor is important and valuable.
6．Do the four people agree to teach basic household skills at school
7．What's Li Mei's problem
8．Who thinks students should learn how to cook properly
9．Why should children learn basic skills according to Mr. Wang
10．What does Wu Wei think of labor
【答案】6．Yes, they do.
7．She has little time to develop her interests.
8．Mrs. Chen does. /Mrs. Chen.
9．Because they can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently.
10．He thinks labor is important and valuable./Important and valuable.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了四个人对于开设基本家庭技能课程的不同看法。
6．根据第二段中"A household skill class can give us chances to experience more aspects of life and help us discover different interests. "，第三段中"A household class would provide the knowledge and training that parents are unable to give their children. "，第四段中"It is necessary for children to know how to master these important lifesaving skills as early as possible. "和第五段中"I hope these cooking classes will really make the students realize that labor is important and valuable. "可知，这四个人均同意在学校教授基本的家庭技能。故填：Yes, they do.
7．根据"Li Mei, a student in Beijing"下面的"We have little time to develop our interests because we have to spend most of the time studying. "可知，李梅几乎没时间发展她的兴趣。故填：She has little time to develop her interests.
8．根据"Mrs. Chen，a housewife in Hubei"下面的"Schools should have cooking classes. Children will be taught about their food and how to cook properly. "可知，陈女士认为孩子们应该被教授如何正确烹饪。故填：Mrs. Chen does. /Mrs. Chen.
9．根据"Mr. Wang，a teacher in Shandong"下面的"By learning basic skills like cooking and cleaning, children can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently."可知，孩子们通过学习技能可以学会如何照顾自己和独立生活。故填：Because they can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently.
10．根据"Wu Wei，an engineer in Shanghai"下面的"I hope these cooking classes will really make the students realize that labor is important and valuable. "可知，吴伟认为劳动有价值且很重要。故填：He thinks labor is important and valuable./ Important and valuable.
Passage C
Last Monday, there was a Chinese paper cutting competition in Xiangyang Middle School. It was held in their meeting hall. It was very successful.
As we know, Chinese paper cutting, which is also called "Jianzhi",is a traditional art form in China. People use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs. Chinese paper cutting has a long history. Chinese paper cutting is often used at home during special traditional days. The designs can be animals, flowers, or even people. Each design has a different meaning. Children in China learn how to make paper cuts at a young age. It is a fun activity and it helps them develop their creativity(创意) and skills. They can make paper cuts to give others as gifts or to use them to decorate (装饰) their rooms. Chinese paper cutting is popular in China and other countries. Many people around the world enjoy this art form and try to make their own paper cuts. All in all, Chinese paper cutting is beautiful and traditional. It is a fun activity for children. If you have a chance, you should try making your own paper cuts too!
11．What do people use to cut paper into different shapes and designs
12．Where is Chinese paper cutting often used
13．Does each design have the same meaning
14．When do children in China learn how to make paper cuts
15．Why is Chinese paper cutting popular in other countries
【答案】11．Scissors or a knife. / They use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs. / People use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs.
12．At home. / It is often used at home. / Chinese paper cutting is often used at home.
13．No, it doesn't. / No, it doesn't have the same meaning. / No, each design doesn't have the same meaning. / No, each design has a different meaning.
14．At a young age. / They learn how to make paper cuts at a young age./ Children in China learn how to make paper cuts at a young age.
15．Because people around the world enjoy this art form and try to make their own paper cuts.
文章大意：本文介绍了中国传统文化剪纸。
11．根据第二段中"People use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs."可知，人们用剪刀或小刀把纸剪成不同的形状和图案。故填：Scissors or a knife. / They use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs./People use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs.
12．根据第三段中"Chinese paper cutting is often used at home during special traditional days."可知，在特殊的传统日子里，中国的剪纸经常在家里使用。故填：At home./It is often used at
home./ Chinese paper cutting is often used at home.
13．根据第三段中"The designs can be animals, flowers, or even people. Each design has a different meaning."可知，剪纸的图案可以是动物、鲜花，甚至是人。每种设计都有不同的含义。故填 ：No, it doesn't./No, it doesn't have the same meaning./No, each design doesn't have the same meaning. /No, each design has a different meaning.
14．根据第四段中"Children in China learn how to make paper cuts at a young age."可知，中国的孩子们很小的时候就开始学习剪纸。故填：At a young age./They learn how to make paper cuts at a young age./Children in China learn how to make paper cuts at a young age.
15．根据倒数第二段中"Many people around the world enjoy this art form and try to make their own paper cuts."可知，世界各地的许多人都喜欢这种艺术形式，并试图制作自己的剪纸。故填：Because people around the world enjoy this art form and try to make their own paper cuts.
Passage D
While most people over 80 are willing to enjoy life after retirement (退休), Zhao Yafu, an agricultural (农业的) researcher in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, likes to spend most of the year working in the fields better.
Born in 1941, Zhao's childhood dream was to become a reporter. When he was in college, Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside, so he decided to do something to help.
But when Zhao began his plan with classes on agricultural science in a primary school, only two farmers appeared and looked at him suspiciously (怀疑地). "That only showed what I was doing was necessary," Zhao said. "The villagers needed someone to help them change their minds and embrace (欣然接受) new techniques (技术)."
Zhao kept on asking the farmer to use the new techniques he taught and to plant a new kind of rice. He also asked them to turn to other crops such as strawberries and grapes to help them make more money. As time went by, more new houses and roads were built in the village, and the villagers began to understand that all Zhao really wanted was to help them.
In his 60 years in Zhenjiang, Zhao has helped over 160, 000 farmers shake off poverty (贫穷). He and his team are also active in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped farmers in Western China earn (赚得) nearly 30 billion yuan.
"I saw how poor the villagers used to be, and I also see how they have been changed over the years. I will continue with my work if my health permits (允许)," said Zhao.
16．Which does Zha Yafu like better after retirement, enjoying life or working in the fields
17．When was Zha Yafu born
18．Where did Zha Yafu begin his plan with classes on agricultural science
19．Why did Zhao Yafu ask the farmers to turn to other crops
20．How many farmers has Zhao Yafu helped to shake off poverty in Zhenjiang
【答案】16．Working in the fields.
17．In 1941.
18．In a primary school.
19．To help them make more money.
20．Over/More than 160, 000 (farmers).
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了江苏省镇江市的农业研究员Zhao Yafu一年中大部分时间都喜欢在田里干活。他帮助160 , 000多名农民脱贫。
16．细节理解题。根据原文Zhao Yafu , an agricultural(农业的) rese arc her in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, likes to spend most of the year working in the fields better.可知他更喜欢在田野里工作。故答案为Working in the fields.
17．细节理解题。根据原文Born in 1941, Zhao's childhood dream was to become a reporter.可知他出生于1941。故答案为In 1941.
18．细节理解题。根据原文But when Zhao began his plan with classes on agricultural science in a primary school,可知Zha Yafu的农业科学课程计划在小学开始。故答案为In a primary school.
19．细节理解题。He also asked them to turn to other crops such as strawberries and grapes to help them make more money.可知Zha Yafu要求农民转种其他作物是为了赚更多的钱。故答案为To help them make more money.
20．细节理解题。根据原文Zhao has helped over 160 , 000 farmers shake off poverty (贫穷).可知他帮助160, 000多名农民脱贫。故答案为Over/More than 160, 000 (farmers).
Passage E
About 2300 years ago, the area around Chengdu had bad floods (洪水) in spring every year. Flood water from the mountains flowed (流动) down the Minjiang River and covered the land. Luckily, the Qin governor (太守), Li Bing, was a water engineer. The king of Qin provided the money and asked the governor to solve the problem.
The usual method to avoid flooding is to build a wall across the river, called a dam. Special openings in the dam allow the flow of water to be controlled. However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river. This was necessary because the king needed to send food to his army. So Li Bing studied the situation and came up with a plan—a plan that still works today!
Helped by his son, and tens of thousands of workers from the area, Li Bing built a man-made island in the middle of the river. This island was shaped like a fish and it divided the water into an inner and an outer river. The inner river was deeper than but not as wide as the outer river. It took four years to build the island.
Li Bing also cut a new channel (运河) through Mount Yulei. This channel would take water away to irrigate (灌溉) the land in the flat farmland below. The rock of the mountain was very hard and difficult to cut. Li Bing used fire to heat the rock and then water to cool it quickly. This made the rock break into smaller pieces which could be carried away more easily. Cutting the channel took eight years!
After Li Bing's work was finished, there were no more floods, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system (灌溉系统) allowed the farmers to grow more and more food. The river flowed naturally, and because there was no dam, ships and fish could pass freely. Sichuan became the most productive area in China, as it still is today. Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on.
21．What was Li Bing's job
22．Why did the king ask Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river （
23．Who helped Li Bing build a man-made island in the middle of the river？
24．How long did it take Li Bing to cut a new channel
25．What does the writer think of the Dujiangyan irrigation system
【答案】21．He was a governor, a water engineer.
22．Because the king needed to send food to his army.
23．His son and tens of thousands of workers.
24．Eight years.
25．It is a wonderful example of engineering.
文章大意：文章主要是介绍了四川都江堰的由来。
21．根据文章第一段句子"Luckily, the Qin governor (太守), Li Bing, was a water engineer."可知，李冰是一位水利工程师，秦国的太守。故答案为：He was a governor, a water engineer。
22．根据文章第二段句子"However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river. This was necessary because the king needed to send food to his army."可知，因为国王需要给他的军队运送食物。故答案为：Because the king needed to send food to his army。
23．根据文章第三段句子"Helped by his son, and tens of thousands of workers from the area, Li Bing built a man-made island in the middle of the river."可知，在他儿子和该地区数万名工人的帮助下，李冰在河中央建造了一个人工岛。故答案为：His son and tens of thousands of workers。
24．根据文章第四段句子"Cutting the channel took eight years!"可知，开辟新河道花了八年时间，故答案为：Eight years。
25．根据文章最后一段句子"Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on."可知，来自世界各地的科学家和游客前来参观这个奇妙的工程实例。故答案为：It is a wonderful example of engineering。
Passage F
It was two months before Christmas when nine-year-old Rose told her father and me that she wanted a new bike. Her Snow White bike was just too old to ride, and it needed repairing as well.
As Christmas came closer, her dream for a bike seemed to disappear, for she didn't mention it again. We were busy buying some beautiful storybooks, a doll house, a holiday dress and toys.
Then much to our surprise, on the evening of December 24, she said she terribly wanted a bike more than anything else.
Then we didn't know what to do. It was just too late for us to make her dream come true. So there was no time to buy the "right bike" for our little girl. Thinking that we were parents who would make their child unhappy, we tried to deal with the problem.
Suddenly my husband came up with an idea. "What if I make a little bike out of clay and write a note that she could trade in the model bike for a real one " "Perfect!" I shouted. So he spent the next five hours carefully working with clay to make a small bike.
On Christmas morning, we were so excited to wait for our daughter to open the little box with the beautiful red and white clay bike and the note. She opened it and read the note loudly. She looked at me and her father, and said, "So, does it mean I can trade in this bike for a real one " Smiling, I said, "Yes." Rose had tears in her eyes when she replied, "What a wonderful surprise I have! I will never trade in this beautiful bike that Daddy made me. I prefer to keep it rather than get a real bike." At that moment, we would have bought her every bike on the earth.
56．Why didn't the parents buy their daughter the present she wanted
57．How did the parents feel when hearing Rose wanted a bike on December 24
58．Where did Rose find the clay bike
59．How long did the father spend making a small clay bike
60．Why did Rose say "I prefer to keep it rather than get a real bike."
参考答案：
这篇短文主要讲述了圣诞节，阿收到了父亲送她的黏土制作的自行车而不是她真正想要的自行车，但是她被父亲的所作所为深深地感动了。
56．细节题。根据第二段As Christmas came closer, her dream for a bike seemed to disappear, for she didn't mention it again. We were busy buying some beautiful storybooks, a doll house, a holiday dress and toys. 随着圣诞节的临近，她想要一辆自行车的梦想似乎消失了，因为她没有再提起这件事。我们忙着买一些漂亮的故事书、洋娃娃屋、节日礼服和玩具。由此可和，父母没有为她女儿买她想要的礼物，是因为她们的女儿罗斯再没有提起它，他们很买。故填 Because Rose/ their daughter didn't mention it again and they were busy.
57．细节题。根据第三段Then much to our surprise, on the evening of December 24, she said she terribly wanted a bike more than anything else. 可知，父母在12月24日晚上听说罗斯想要一辆自行车时，感到非常惊讶。故填 Surprised./They were surprised./They felt surprised.
58．细节题。根据最后一段On Christmas morning, we were so excited to wait for our daughter to open the little box with the beautiful red and white clay bike and the note. 可知，罗斯在这个小盒子里找到这辆黏土自行车。故填 In a (the) little box.
59．细节题。根据第五段So he spent the next five hours carefully working with clay to make a small bike. 可知，罗斯的父亲花了五个小时小心地用粘土做了一辆小自行车。故填 Five hours./He spent five hours carefully working with clay to make a small bike./It took him five hours.
60．细节题。根据前面Rose had tears in her eyes when she replied, "What a wonderful surprise I have! I will never trade in this beautiful bike that Daddy made me. 可知，罗斯非常感动，她绝不会把父亲做的这辆漂亮的自行车换掉。由此可知，“I prefer to keep it rather than get a real bike.”罗斯这样说是因为感受到了父母对她的爱。故填 Because Rose felt her parents' love.押第56-60题 知识运用之阅读表达（长沙卷）
【题型概述】
分析湖南近3年各地市中考英语真题可知,回答问题型阅读的话题涉及故事类、介绍类、观点建议类、饮食与健康类、科普知识类、文化风俗类及校园生活类。词数为200-260词，一般情况下，每篇文章设5个问题，其中以4个特殊疑问句、1个一般疑问句居多，少量涉及5个特殊疑问句和3个特殊疑问句、2个一般疑问句。
【阅读策略】
此类题型不仅要求考生读懂文章，还要求考生能够用自己的语言简要地回答有关问题;既考查考生的阅读理解能力，也考查考生的英语表达能力和概括能力。另外，对考生的拼写能力、语法掌握能力也提出了一定的要求,再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言,加大了做题的难度。要想取得较好的成绩,好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的。本题型答题应注意以下五点:
、在答题前，先快速浏览短文之后的问题。以便于在阅读的时候，有意识地留意文中出现的与问题有关的信息。
二、认真细读全文及所给图表，了解短文及图表中的细节内容，包括人物、时间、地点、内容、原因、数量、结果及图片各个要素之间的关系等,即who,when,where,what,why,
how many,how 等基本要素信息,并作出不同的标记，以备答题时一目了然，提高答题速度和效率。
三、仔细阅读问题，在理解题意的基础上，从文中或图片中提取所需要的信息进行逐一回答，此时一定要注意图片之间的内在联系，读懂图片以后，再认真组织语言，注意书写的清晰度与准确性，注意语言表达的逻辑性和严密性。
四、对于具有归纳与总结性的问题，需要对所给图文中的信息材料进行甄别与筛选，综合相关信息进行必要的转换、归纳和概括。
五、对于开放性试题，考生一定要读懂题意，搞清楚问什么，有几个问题，防止遗漏。此类试题一般都和文章的话题相关，对于考生来说并不陌生。重要的是要注意回答问题的人称和时态等。比如问过去的事情用一般过去时，表达自己或他人对某事的观点用一般现
在时;人称上尤其要注意第三人称单数形式。
要求考生读完一篇文章后,根据文中相关内容,完成相关的填空题。这种阅读在形式上灵活多样,内容上丰富多彩,并联系实际,强调主观表述,旨在考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力,快速获取信息的能力,也考查考生组织信息和表达信息的能力。
Passage A（2023湖南长沙卷）
One day, a group of tourists from Australia climbed a large rock in the Central Park of New York City. They took pictures of one another with the high-rise buildings in the background. Like many other tourists, they didn’t realize that high in a nearby tree, there was something more worthy of attention: an eagle-owl (雕鸮) named Flaco.
Earlier that month, the bird Flaco made his great escape (逃跑) from the Central Park Zoo. The zookeepers then tried several times to catch him but were unsuccessful. He seemed to be in no hurry to return to the zoo.
Olga Torrey, a photographer, has been photographing animals in city parks for 12 years. Since Flaco escaped, Torrey has kept a close eye on him. She wondered if he would ever return to the zoo. “Once he gets a taste of freedom, I’m not sure...” she said.
Still, each day spent outside puts Flaco in danger. He might accidentally hit windows and get injured (受伤) while flying. Moreover, the eagle-owl lived his whole life in the zoo in the past. He may not be used to finding food on his own. And if he made a meal of a rat (耗子), it might harm his health—the rat might contain poison (含有毒物).
The zoo has had the workers carefully watch Flaco all the time, as they are worried about his safety. Has Flaco eaten anything today Has he got injured today
Well, another day of watching has now begun.
21. Where did Flaco escape from
22. What is Olga Torrey’s job
23. If Flaco made a meal of a rat, what might happen to him
24. Why do the zoo workers keep watching Flaco carefully
25. Should we get Flaco back to the zoo Why or why not
Passage B（2022湖南长沙卷）
Message New Reply Forward Delete Print Move to Dear Wang, Great to hear you are coming to the USA! I do hope you can stop by and visit us in the Big Apple — a popular name for New York City. There are so many things to see and do here. It would take a lifetime to list them all: Chinatown, Wall Street, Central Park, to name only a few. But knowing you as I do, I’d suggest walking through Midtown Manhattan. It is very popular in the USA and just can’t be missed! People often say that no visit to New York City is complete without a trip to Broadway! Broadway with its cafés, street performers（表演者）and colorful signs really represents New York’s loud spirit! As Broadway is the heart of the American theater industry, it’s at night when it truly comes alive. Broadway is well-known for its big theaters. They show Shakespeare, modern plays, dance shows or musicals — take your pick! With your love of singing and interest in drama（戏剧）, I’d recommend（推荐）a musical. It’s a great and moving experience that I’m sure you would love — a bit like Peking opera! Many musicals are based on classic stories like Les Miserables or Peter Pan, and they might even inspire（激发）you to read the books, too! My big news is that I am going to China on vacation this winter. I am looking for places of interest in China. Can you recommend some to me See you soon! Leslie
21. What is New York City also called
22. Is Broadway famous for its big theaters
23. What are many musicals based on
24. When is Leslie going to China on vacation
25. Which place of interest in China will you recommend to Leslie
一、细节理解题
细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who, what, where, when, why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。
凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。
例原文:On the first day of school, our professor introduced a little old lady to us.
问题:Who did the professor introduce on the first day of school
思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little old lady.
二、主旨大意题
此类问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea of the passage /What is the passage mainly about /What is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage /What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us /What does the writer want to tell us
由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。
★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。
★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。
思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:People don’t like the blue food and the reasons.
三、信息归纳题
该类题目要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这
类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。
四、开放性问答题
此类题目是要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
Passage A
Karlsson, a foreign teacher at Beijing Union University (BUU), has lived in China for over 15 years. He showed great interest in China when he joined in a program for East Asian studies in Switzerland in 1997. Back then, cellphones and the Internet were not widely used. Learning Chinese meant using textbooks, dictionaries and tapes. He learned Chinese in that way.
In 2006, with a high score in the Chinese language test, he won a scholarship for a five-week summer program in Beijing. After finishing the study program, Karlsson was offered a Beijing-based job as a market researcher. In the next year, he started to teach business at BUU.
Life in Beijing has been a wonderful experience. It has offered him many chances for personal growth. Today, thanks to high-speed broadband(宽带)and 5G, he can connect with students at BUU's partner universities in Russia or Mexico while riding on the Beijing subway.
Although he was busy on teaching days, Karlsson applied(申请)for a full-time scholarship(奖学金) at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. At the age of 44, he got his Ph. D. in economics (经济学博士). "I am quite interested in blockchain (区块链)technology, and I know that China is quickly becoming the leader in blockchain applications. So, I always write my articles in this area, "he said.
"There is always time to follow your dreams if you work hard, "he said. "Taking challenges and also helping others are what makes life worth living, "
1．How did Karlsson learn Chinese in Switzerland
2．How long was the summer program in Beijing
3．Why could Karlsson connect with students from foreign countries on the subway
4．When did Karlsson get his Ph. D in economics
5．What can you learn from Karlsson's experiences
Passage B
Labor education has been made a part of compulsory（义务的） education. Students will have at least one course every week on basic household skills such as cleaning and cooking. Should cooking be taught at schools How can labor education continue after school The topic catches wide social attention and causes heated public discussions.
Li Mei,a student in Beijing
We have little time to develop our interests because we have to spend most of the time studying. A household skill class can give us chances to experience more aspects of life and help us discover different interests. I hope we could be given the choices to take whatever courses we like.
Mrs.Chen,a housewife in Hubei
Schools should have cooking classes. Children will be taught about their food and how to cook properly. Many parents don't have the professional knowledge and have no time to do this. A household class would provide the knowledge and training that parents are unable to give their children.
Mr.Wang,a teacher in Shandong
By learning basic skills like cooking and cleaning, children can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently. Parents won't always help their children with every problem they'll meet in their life. They need to learn new things, solve problems and grow from their experiences. It is necessary for children to know how to master these important lifesaving skills as early as possible.
Wu Wei,an engineer in Shanghai
I learned some basic cooking skills from my mother. But most of them were learned after I graduated from the university, from books and online short videos.
Household skills like cooking are very useful in our daily life. I hope these cooking classes will really make the students realize that labor is important and valuable.
6．Do the four people agree to teach basic household skills at school
7．What's Li Mei's problem
8．Who thinks students should learn how to cook properly
9．Why should children learn basic skills according to Mr. Wang
10．What does Wu Wei think of labor
Passage C
Last Monday, there was a Chinese paper cutting competition in Xiangyang Middle School. It was held in their meeting hall. It was very successful. As we know, Chinese paper cutting, which is also called "Jianzhi",is a traditional art form in China. People use scissors or a knife to cut paper into different shapes and designs. Chinese paper cutting has a long history. Chinese paper cutting is often used at home during special traditional days. The designs can be animals, flowers, or even people. Each design has a different meaning. Children in China learn how to make paper cuts at a young age. It is a fun activity and it helps them develop their creativity(创意) and skills. They can make paper cuts to give others as gifts or to use them to decorate (装饰) their rooms. Chinese paper cutting is popular in China and other countries. Many people around the world enjoy this art form and try to make their own paper cuts. All in all, Chinese paper cutting is beautiful and traditional. It is a fun activity for children. If you have a chance, you should try making your own paper cuts too!
11．What do people use to cut paper into different shapes and designs
12．Where is Chinese paper cutting often used
13．Does each design have the same meaning
14．When do children in China learn how to make paper cuts
15．Why is Chinese paper cutting popular in other countries
Passage D
While most people over 80 are willing to enjoy life after retirement (退休), Zhao Yafu, an agricultural (农业的) researcher in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, likes to spend most of the year working in the fields better.
Born in 1941, Zhao's childhood dream was to become a reporter. When he was in college, Zhao
saw how hard lives were in the countryside, so he decided to do something to help.
But when Zhao began his plan with classes on agricultural science in a primary school, only two farmers appeared and looked at him suspiciously (怀疑地). "That only showed what I was doing was necessary," Zhao said. "The villagers needed someone to help them change their minds and embrace (欣然接受) new techniques (技术)."
Zhao kept on asking the farmer to use the new techniques he taught and to plant a new kind of rice. He also asked them to turn to other crops such as strawberries and grapes to help them make more money. As time went by, more new houses and roads were built in the village, and the villagers began to understand that all Zhao really wanted was to help them.
In his 60 years in Zhenjiang, Zhao has helped over 160, 000 farmers shake off poverty (贫穷). He and his team are also active in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped farmers in Western China earn (赚得) nearly 30 billion yuan.
"I saw how poor the villagers used to be, and I also see how they have been changed over the years. I will continue with my work if my health permits (允许)," said Zhao.
16．Which does Zha Yafu like better after retirement, enjoying life or working in the fields
17．When was Zha Yafu born
18．Where did Zha Yafu begin his plan with classes on agricultural science
19．Why did Zhao Yafu ask the farmers to turn to other crops
20．How many farmers has Zhao Yafu helped to shake off poverty in Zhenjiang
Passage E
About 2300 years ago, the area around Chengdu had bad floods (洪水) in spring every year. Flood water from the mountains flowed (流动) down the Minjiang River and covered the land. Luckily, the Qin governor (太守), Li Bing, was a water engineer. The king of Qin provided the money and asked the governor to solve the problem.
The usual method to avoid flooding is to build a wall across the river, called a dam. Special openings in the dam allow the flow of water to be controlled. However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river. This was necessary because the king needed to send food to his army. So Li Bing studied the situation and came up with a plan—a plan that still works today!
Helped by his son, and tens of thousands of workers from the area, Li Bing built a man-made
island in the middle of the river. This island was shaped like a fish and it divided the water into an inner and an outer river. The inner river was deeper than but not as wide as the outer river. It took four years to build the island.
Li Bing also cut a new channel (运河) through Mount Yulei. This channel would take water away to irrigate (灌溉) the land in the flat farmland below. The rock of the mountain was very hard and difficult to cut. Li Bing used fire to heat the rock and then water to cool it quickly. This made the rock break into smaller pieces which could be carried away more easily. Cutting the channel took eight years!
After Li Bing's work was finished, there were no more floods, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system (灌溉系统) allowed the farmers to grow more and more food. The river flowed naturally, and because there was no dam, ships and fish could pass freely. Sichuan became the most productive area in China, as it still is today. Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on.
21．What was Li Bing's job
22．Why did the king ask Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river （
23．Who helped Li Bing build a man-made island in the middle of the river？
24．How long did it take Li Bing to cut a new channel
25．What does the writer think of the Dujiangyan irrigation system
Passage F
It was two months before Christmas when nine-year-old Rose told her father and me that she wanted a new bike. Her Snow White bike was just too old to ride, and it needed repairing as well.
As Christmas came closer, her dream for a bike seemed to disappear, for she didn't mention it again. We were busy buying some beautiful storybooks, a doll house, a holiday dress and toys.
Then much to our surprise, on the evening of December 24, she said she terribly wanted a bike more than anything else.
Then we didn't know what to do. It was just too late for us to make her dream come true. So there was no time to buy the "right bike" for our little girl. Thinking that we were parents who would make their child unhappy, we tried to deal with the problem.
Suddenly my husband came up with an idea. "What if I make a little bike out of clay and write a note that she could trade in the model bike for a real one " "Perfect!" I shouted. So he spent the
next five hours carefully working with clay to make a small bike.
On Christmas morning, we were so excited to wait for our daughter to open the little box with the beautiful red and white clay bike and the note. She opened it and read the note loudly. She looked at me and her father, and said, "So, does it mean I can trade in this bike for a real one " Smiling, I said, "Yes." Rose had tears in her eyes when she replied, "What a wonderful surprise I have! I will never trade in this beautiful bike that Daddy made me. I prefer to keep it rather than get a real bike." At that moment, we would have bought her every bike on the earth.
56．Why didn't the parents buy their daughter the present she wanted
57．How did the parents feel when hearing Rose wanted a bike on December 24
58．Where did Rose find the clay bike
59．How long did the father spend making a small clay bike
60．Why did Rose say "I prefer to keep it rather than get a real bike."
