押湖南卷第28-31题 阅读理解之说明文阅读
【题型概述】
说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
【阅读策略】
二、出题特点
1. 生词词义判断题；2. 标题判断题；3. 主旨大意题；4. 文章结构题；5. 观点态度题。
三、阅读方法
阅读说明文的关键：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
1. 明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
2. 逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。
3. 整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。
四、解题技巧
1. 阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。
2. 审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
3. 定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
Passage A （2023湖南长沙卷）
Anyone who has seen The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie, knows the famous city of Salzburg in Austria. The musical movie was filmed in and around the city. To enjoy the amazing (令人惊叹的) city, you only have to walk through the alleys (小巷).
The sounds of music in Salzburg are not just from the famous film. Mozart, one of the greatest musicians, was born here, and the city is proud of him. You’ll hear Mozart’s music all over the city. And you can visit Mozart’s birthplace, learn about his childhood and even try the chocolate named for him: a Mozart ball! Don’t miss visiting the Salzburg Residenz, which was the rulers’ palace in the past. It was here that Mozart performed (表演) for the first time in his life.
A visit to Salzburg in December must include time in the Christmas markets, which can be found here and there. Visit the marketplaces for a hot drink. Then enjoy the beautiful handiwork for sale.
Salt was so important to the city of Salzburg that the city was named for it. This “white gold” brought wealth to the rulers. You can visit the Hallein Salt Mine (矿), one of the oldest in the world. Take a train ride into the mountain, where miners will explain the mining process (过程). Then enjoy a boat ride across an underground lake.
These are just a few of the enjoyable places in this small Austrian city. There are much more waiting for you to explore. Make sure to plan a trip to this breathtaking city. Its history and culture will excite your senses.
26. What do we know about The Sound of Music
A. It was filmed by Mozart.
B. It is an Oscar-winning movie.
C. It is a movie of Salzburg’s chocolate.
27. Where did Mozart perform for the first time in his life
A. In a Christmas market.
B. At the Hallein Salt Mine.
C. At the Salzburg Residenz.
28. What is the “white gold” in Paragraph 4
A. Salt. B. Music. C. A hot drink.
29.Which of the following does the writer agree with
A. Salzburg is too small to visit.
B. Salzburg is a place worth visiting.
C. There is nothing interesting in Salzburg.
30. What section (部分) of a magazine is the text taken from
A. Travel. B. Sports. C. Science.
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍奥地利著名的城市萨尔茨堡。
【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“Anyone who has seen The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie, knows the famous city of Salzburg in Austria.”可知，《音乐之声》是奥斯卡获奖影片。故选B。
【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“Don’t miss visiting the Salzburg Residenz, which was the rulers’ palace in the past. It was here that Mozart performed (表演) for the first time in his life.”可知，莫扎特一生中第一次演出在萨尔茨堡公馆。故选C。
【28题详解】词句猜测题。分析“Salt was so important to the city of Salzburg that the city was named for it. This ‘white gold’ brought wealth to the rulers.”可知，盐对萨尔茨堡非常重要，因此这座城市以盐命名。“white gold”指的是盐，故选A。
【29题详解】推理判断题。根据“Make sure to plan a trip to this breathtaking city. Its history and culture will excite your senses.”可知，一定要计划一次去这座令人惊叹的城市的旅行，它的历史和文化会激发你的感官。由此推知萨尔茨堡是一个值得参观的地方。故选B。
【30题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍奥地利著名的城市萨尔茨堡，所以推测可能在旅游版块看到这篇文章，故选A。
PassageB（2022湖南永州卷）
Have you ever noticed plastic waste everywhere in your community Dr. Aboubacar Kampo has. He was living in C te d’Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem, compared with water and air pollution. C te d’Ivoire’s biggest city, Abidjan, produces more than 300 tons of plastic rubbish a day, and only about 5% is recycled. “How can we turn plastic into something useful ” Kampo wondered.
So Kampo，who works for UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund, googled, researched, and then noticed a company in Colombia, a country in South America. Plastic pollution is a problem there, too. Conceptos Plásticos, the Colombian company that Kampo read about online, recycles plastic waste and turns it into big, Lego-like bricks（砖）for building schools and houses.
Next, Kampo went to Colombia to learn about the company in person. He toured schools that were built with its bricks and the factory where the bricks were made. “Conceptos Plásticos gave us a solution.” Kampo said. He thought it could help with more than just the plastic problem. It could also improve children’s education.
According to UNICEF, 1.6 million children in C te d’Ivoire don’t go to school. One reason is that there aren’t enough classrooms. For kids who do go to school, classrooms are often very crowded. Kids often sit on the floor and can’t stand up because there isn’t room to move around.
In 2018, UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plásticos. Right away, the local education improved a lot. People couldn’t believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms. By the end of 2021 UNICEF had built 528 classrooms in C te d’Ivoire. The new Conceptos Plásticos factory in Abidjan will soon be producing bricks from rubbish collected in children’s playgrounds and on the beach.
The environmental influence is huge. Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom. Unlike traditional building, no cement（水泥）is needed. “It’s just a hammer（锤子）and those bricks.” he added.
16. What is the main problem C te d’Ivoire faces
A. Plastic pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Air pollution.
17. What can we learn about Conceptos Plásticos
A. It’s a company in West Africa.
B. It recycles plastic waste online.
C. It offers bricks for building the classrooms in Abidjan.
18. Which of the following best describes the parents about their kids’ future in Paragraph 5
A. Doubtful. B. Excited. C. Surprised.
19. How many tons of plastic are needed to build a classroom
A. About 5.5 tons. B. Only about 15 tons. C. More than 300 tons.
20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Building Green
B. An introduction to Kampo
C. C te d’Ivoire’s Environmental Problem
【答案】16. A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.A
【导语】本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚公司Conceptos Plasticos 回收塑料垃圾并将其制成砖块，用于建造学校和房屋的故事。
【16题详解】细节理解题。根据"He was living in Cote d'Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem , compared with water and air pollution."可知Cote d Tvoire主要面对的是塑料污染，故选A。
【17题详解】细节理解题。根据"In 2018,UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plasticos.”可知它为在Abidjan建造教室提供砖块。故选C。
【18题详解】推理判断题。根据""People couldn't believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms.”(一开始人们不敢相信教室是用塑料做的。但是现在所有的父母都希望他们的孩子在这些教室里。〉可知父母对孩子的未来很激动，期待他们都在这样的教室里，故选B。
【19题详解】细节理解题。根据“"Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom.”可知建造一间教室需要5.5吨塑料，故选
A。
【20题详解】最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚公司Conceptos Plasticos回收塑料垃圾并将其制成砖块，用于建造学校和房屋的故事，所以A选项最符合，故选A。
一、主旨题
文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。
二、 推断题
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写
的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。
三、 猜测词义题
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。
通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧
（1）. 根据文中的解释
（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等
（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系
（4）. 根据语义的转折关系
（5）. 根据因果关系
（6）. 根据构词法知识
（7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑
Passage A
According to a recent study,the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of the world. Without a doubt, high temperatures will have deep influences on the development of the area.
That shows the growing risk to humans caused byextreme(极端的)weather. With more and more extreme weather events.we must find better techniques(技术)to make predictions about them and mitigate their influences.
AI is a powerful tool. It can deal with information and provide advice to help us better understand and make predictions about the weather. Traditional weather models use information
from satellites(卫星).But these models have their disadvantages:they are not very exact. They also fail to discover complex(复杂的）conditions of the air around the earth.
AI can overcome these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning. It can learn from historical and real-time information and produce trustful predictions. AI can also deal with information from different places, such as satellite photos or online posts,to provide clearer pictures of the weather situation.
A paper on the Pangu-Weather AI model has drawn a lot of attention. Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods. This model can increase the prediction speed by 10,000 times,making global weather prediction time drop to seconds.
In May 2023, Typhoon(台风) Mawar appeared in the Pacific Ocean. According to the China Meteorological Administration,Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan.
28.What does the underlined word“mitigate”probably mean in Chinese
A.利用 B.减轻 C.承担
29.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The difficulty in making weather prediction.
B. The advantages of AI in weather prediction.
C. The disadvantages of traditional weather prediction methods.
30.Why is Typhoon Mawar mentioned
A. To show how exact Pangu-Weather's predictions are.
B. To express that the problems of extreme weather have been solved completely.
C. To talk about how useless traditional weather models are.
31.Where can you probably read the passage
A. In a travel magazine.
B. In a health magazine.
C.In a science magazine.
【答案】
随着极端天气事件越来越多，我们必须找到更好的技术来对天气进行预测。人工智能技术可以帮助我们更高效、更准确地预测天气情况。
1.B 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，极端天气对人类造成的风险越来越大。根据画线词前的“we must find better techniques to make predictions about them”可知，我们必须找到更好的技术来对极端天气进行预测。再结合常识和选项可知，对极端天气进行预测是为了减轻极端天气带来的影响，故推断mitigate意为“减轻”。
3.B段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了人工智能在天气预测方面是如何克服传统天气模型的缺点的，即人工智能在天气预测方面的优点。
4.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods.”可知，盘古气象是首个比传统的天气预测方法更加准确的人工智能预测模型。再结合最后一段中的“Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way”可推知，提到台风Mawar是为了表明盘古气象预测的准确性。
5.C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文提到了人工智能在预测极端天气方面的能力与优点，所以我们最有可能在一本科学杂志上读到本文。
Passage B
A volunteer group Free-Go in Geneva, Switzerland is making fridges available so shops and restaurants can make food available to the public before it goes bad. The fridges are being placed along streets for anyone to use. The project is part of a continuing effort by people in Switzerland to cut down on food waste.
Free-Go has put fridges in Switzerland so people can get fruit, vegetables,bread and other foods at no cost. Free-Go started a year ago with a single fridge outside a community center in western Geneva. There are now four fridges around the city. The group plans a fifth before the end of this year.
Marine Delevaux is the project's director.She said the food in its fridges is usually taken within an hour of being left.“Generally,when the food collected from shops and restaurants arrives in the morning, people are already waiting to help themselves."Delevaux said.
She added that the first Geneva fridge helped save 3.2tons of food from going to waste last year. Of the food donated(捐赠)，only about 3% had to be thrown away because nobody wanted it. Free-Go said the restaurants or food sellers must promise to make sure the donated food is safe to eat.
Shala Moradi has lived in Geneva for 10 years. She is65 years old and came from Iran. She
said she appreciates the project."It's very good. I can take meat, cabbages, strawberries and things like that,”she said.“It helps me get through hard times and makes me feel warm in my heart.”
Severine Cuendet is a 54-year-old teacher.She always leaves some vegetables that she grows. “We have too much,”she said. She also praised the project,"This neighborhood has a lot of need.”She added."And it happens to all of us to buy too much.”
28.What can the fridges on the streets help do
A. Save money on storing food.
B. Reduce the waste of food.
C. Prevent food from going bad.
29.How many more fridges will be put in Geneva by the end of this year
A. One. B. Three. C. Four.
30.The underlined word“appreciates”in Paragraph5 means“____ ”
A.敬畏 B.熟悉 C.感激
31.What can we know from the passage
A. Severine Cuendet is a helpful person.
B. Shala Moradi is the project's director.
C. The Geneva fridges have helped save 3.2 tons of food for now.
【答案】
公共冰箱出现在瑞士街头，这是瑞士日内瓦的一个志愿者组织Free-Go设立的项目。公共冰箱中的食物可供任何人免费获取。这个项目旨在帮助人们减少食物浪费。
28.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The project is part of a continuing effort by people in Switzerland to cut down on food waste.”可知，该项目是瑞士人民为减少食物浪费而做出的持续努力的一部分。由此可知，街上的冰箱可以帮助减少食物浪费。
29.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“There are now four fridges around the city. The group plans a fifth before the end of this year.”可知，现在城市里有四台冰箱。该组织计划在今年年底前安装第五台。由此可知，截至今年年底，日内瓦还要再安装一台冰箱。
30.C词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中Shala Moradi说的话“It's very good. I can take meat, cabbages, strawberries and things like that"和“It helps me get through hard times and makes me feel warm in my heart.”可知，Shala Moradi认为这个项目非常好，她可以拿肉类、卷心菜和草莓之类的食物，这帮助她度过了困难时期，让她心里感觉非常温暖。由此可推知，画线
词所在句应是Shala Moradi表达对该项目的感激之情，故推测画线词意为“感激”。
31.A推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句"Severine Cuendet...always leaves some vegetables that she grows.”可知，Severine Cuendet 经常把她种的一些蔬菜放在公共冰箱里。由此可推知，她是一个乐于助人的人。
Passage C
You may think the best way to solve a difficult problem is to keep working on it，even overnight. But the truth is just the opposite：Your best chance to get to the bottom of a problem is actually to sleep on it.
A team of researchers at North western University，US，did a study and found that sleeping is useful in both strengthening（强化）（重组）memory. This can help you solve problems.
The researchers did an experiment with 57 students. They asked them to solve 42 difficult puzzles（谜题） on the first day. The students worked on each puzzle while listening to different music. The research encouraged students to remember the music they heard while solving the puzzles. By the end，there were six puzzles that the students still hadn't solved. The students then went back home to sleep. They were given special sleep—monitoring（睡眠监测）and music devices（设备）. The devices played music connected with the unsolved puzzles while the students were in the slow—wave sleep period. This period is when people are likely to dream and re—organize their memories.
The next morning，the students tried the unsolved puzzles again. Researchers found they were 55% more likely to solve them. The music activated the memories about the puzzles while they were sleeping. It allowed them to "work" on the puzzles in their sleep.
Earlier studies of both people and animals have shown that sleep can not only strengthen memory，but also help us organize information in our brains. This study seems to support that understanding.
So the next time you face a difficult problem，sleep on it. Then play some music to help yourself think of the problem.
28．What did the researchers at North western University find
A．Listening to music can help people sleep well.
B．Sleeping can help people solve problems.
C．Solving puzzles can improve people's memory.
29．What does the underlined word "They" refer to
A．The students. B．The researchers. C．The puzzles.
30．What does the underlined word "activated" in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．失去 B．抑制 C．激活
31．What do we know from Paragraph 5
A．The finding is not valuable for students.
B．This study supports the earlier findings.
C．The earlier studies needed the help of music.
【答案及解析】
文章大意：文章主要是讲述了睡眠和音乐对于思考问题和解决问题的研究说明。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容"A team of researchers at North western University，US，did a study and found that sleeping is useful in both strengthening(强化)（重组）memory. This can help you solve problems."可知，美国西北大学的一组研究人员做了一项研究，发现睡眠对增强记忆都很有用。这可以帮助你解决问题。故选B。
29．代词指代题。根据划线单词前文语境"By the end，there were six puzzles that the students still hadn't solved. The students then went back home to sleep."可推测，此处的they指代的是前文提及的"students"，故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词的前后语境"The music activated the memories about the puzzles while they were sleeping. It allowed them to "work" on the puzzles in their sleep."可知，音乐唤起了他们睡觉时对谜题的记忆。它允许他们在睡梦中"工作"拼图。猜测"activated"意为"唤醒，激活"。故选C。
31．段落大意题。根据第五段首句"Earlier studies of both people and animals have shown that sleep can not only strengthen memory，but also help us organize information in our brains."可知，早期对人和动物的研究表明，睡眠不仅可以增强记忆，还可以帮助我们在大脑中组织信息。以及最后一句"This study seems to support that understanding.这项研究似乎支持了这种理解。"可知，第五段说明的是他们的研究与早期研究是一致的，故选B。
Passage D
By now, most people know they should eat more vegetables. But are there ways to get more from the vegetables you already eat Research shows that when it comes to vegetables, it's n t only how much we eat, but also how we prepare them, which decides how many vitamins(维他命) and
other nutrients(营养) enter our body.
Many studies show that people who eat lots of vegetables have fewer illnesses and eye problems. But raw(生的) vegetables are not always the best. The researchers found that 198 Germans who ate raw food were short of lycopene(番茄红素), which is found in tomatoes and other red vegetables. "There is an idea that raw foods are always going to be better," says Steven K. Clinton, a professor at Ohio State University.
"For fruits and vegetables, sometimes a little bit of cooking can be helpful." A number of factors decide how the vegetables do good to people's health before they reach the table, including where and how they were grown and stored before being bought. No single cooking way is the best.
Some nutrients are easily lost in cooking if they are cooked in different ways. Vitamins C and B are often lost. In January, another report said that boiling was better for carrots than frying or serving them raw. Frying(炒) was the worst way to cook.
What cooked with the vegetables can also be important. When the vegetables were cooked with fat, the diners can get more nutrients. Fat can also make the taste of vegetables better, meaning that people will eat more of them. Putting on some other things can also make them taste better. For example, a little salt can make the food taste better.
28．What do we know about vegetables from the first paragraph
A．The more vegetables we have, the healthier we will be.
B．The way people eat vegetables is of great importance.
C．People can't get more from the vegetables they already eat.
29．People who have raw vegetables for a long time will ____.
A．have more eye problems
B．have more illnesses
C．be in need of lycopene
30．The followings decide how much good vegetables do EXCEPT ____.
A．the place where they are grown
B．the price of the vegetables
C．the way of preparing vegetables
31．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The way how vegetables are stored influences how much good vegetables do to people.
B．The best way to keep vitamins C and B in vegetables is to fry them.
C．People will get fewer nutrients from vegetables when cooked with fat.
这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，蔬菜不仅要看我们吃多少，还要看我们如何准备蔬菜，这决定了进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。文章主要说明了决定蔬菜食用效果的一些影响因素，和推荐食用蔬菜的方法。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段By now, most people know they should eat more vegetables. But are there ways to get more from the vegetables you already eat Research shows that when it comes to vegetables, it's n t only how much we eat, but also how we prepare them, which decides how many vitamins(维他命) and other nutrients(营养) enter our body. 现在，大多数人都知道应该多吃蔬菜。但是，有没有办法从你已经吃的蔬菜中获得更多的营养呢？一项研究表明，说到蔬菜，不仅要看我们吃多少，还要看我们如何准备蔬菜，这决定了进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。结合文章内容，文章介绍了决定蔬菜食用效果的一些影响因素，和推荐食用蔬菜的方法。可推知，本段主要讲述了吃蔬菜的方式决定着我们身体所摄入的维生素和营养物，由此推出，选项B人们吃蔬菜的方式非常重要。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段The researchers found that 198 Germans who ate raw food were short of lycopene(番茄红素), which is found in tomatoes and other red vegetables. " There is an idea that raw foods are always going to be better," says Steven K. Clinton, a professor at Ohio State University. 研究人员发现，198名吃生食的德国人缺乏番茄红素，这种物质存在于番茄和其他红色蔬菜中。可知，长期吃生蔬菜的人会需要番茄红素。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段Research shows that when it comes to vegetables, it's n t only how much we eat, but also how we prepare them, which decides how many vitamins(维他命) and other nutrients(营养) enter our body. 一项研究表明，说到蔬菜，不仅要看我们吃多少，还要看我们如何准备蔬菜，这决定了进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。可知，我们吃多少蔬菜以及我们如何准备蔬菜都决定着进入我们体内的维生素和其他营养物质。所以，选项C"蔬菜的准备方式"会影响蔬菜的食用效果。又根据第三段A number of factors decide how the vegetables do good to people's health before they reach the table, including where and how they were grown and stored before being bought.许多因素决定了蔬菜在到达餐桌之前如何对人们的健康有益，包括它们在被购买之前的生长地点和储存方式。可知，蔬菜对人们的健康影响也取决于蔬菜的生长地点和储存方式。所以，A选项"蔬菜生长的地方"也能影响蔬菜的食用效果。文章没有提到蔬菜的价格问题，由此可知选项B"蔬菜的售价"不属于影响因素。
故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一句For example, a little salt can make the food taste better. 油炸(炒) 是最糟糕的烹饪方式。可知，选项B"在蔬菜中保持维生素C和B的最好方法是油炸。"是错误的。根据When the vegetables were cooked with fat, the diners can get more nutrients. 当蔬菜与脂肪一起烹饪时，吃的人可以获得更多的营养。可知，选项C"与脂肪一起烹饪时，人们从蔬菜中获得的营养会减少。"是错误的。根据第三段中A number of factors decide how the vegetables do good to people's health before they reach the table, including where and how they were grown and stored before being bought. 许多因素决定了蔬菜在到达餐桌之前如何对人们的健康有益，包括它们在被购买之前的生长地点和储存方式。可知，选项A"蔬菜的储存方式影响着蔬菜对人体的益处。"是正确的。故选A。
Passage E
What does this "thing" look like to you Is it a snail(蜗牛) Or is it a car Actually, it is my design for the car of the future — a snail car.
The snail car doesn't look like any of the cars that we see every day. If anything, this car is the opposite of today's cars. For example, today's cars are noisy and dirty, while this one is silent and clean; today's cars have wheels, but this one does not; traditional cars use petrol(汽油) while this car will use clean energy.
One more important point about the snail car is that it is easy to drive. In fact, you don't have to worry about driving because it can take you wherever you want to go when you say it. Let's say you need to take a shopping trip to a supermarket. All you have to do is give an instruction to the car, like "Take me to the supermarket", and the snail car will follow your instruction and take care of your trip. And the chances are that it will take you there even faster than you think.
A lot of the technology required for my snail car already exist(存在), although some may be experimental(试验性的). Today, scientists are developing new materials for the surface of roads.
Fifty years from now, perhaps sooner, some new roads will store solar energy(太阳能) under the road, and the snail car will be able to use it.
However, you probably won't see a car like this on the roads anytime soon, even if you're under 20 today. This, perhaps, is the car of the year 2100, and the car that your grandchildren or their children will probably drive.
28．How does the writer show that the snail car is the opposite of today's cars
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples.
29．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the snail car is ____.
A．clean B．smart C．quiet
30．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Solar energy. B．Clean energy. C．The surface of roads.
31．What will the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph
A．What the snail car will look like in 2024.
B．Why the snail car will be popular among children.
C．What the world will be like when the snail car is widely used.
参考答案：
文章大意：文章主要是介绍了蜗牛车的设计理念和功能。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子"If anything, this car is the opposite of today's cars. For example, today's cars are noisy and dirty, while this one is silent and clean; today's cars have wheels, but this one does not; traditional cars use petrol(汽油) while this car will use clean energy."可知，作者是通过举例说明，蜗牛车和现代的车不一样，故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段句子"In fact, you don't have to worry about driving because it can take you wherever you want to go when you say it.事实上，你不必担心开车，因为当你说它可以带你去任何你想去的地方。"可知，当你说出来的时候，蜗牛车就会带你去那里，说明蜗牛车是很智能的，故选B。
30．代词指代题。根据文章第四段it所在句子语境"Fifty years from now, perhaps sooner, some new roads will store solar energy(太阳能) under the road, and the snail car will be able to use it."可知，it指代的是前面提及的"solar energy(太阳能)"，故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段句子"However, you probably won't see a car like this on the roads anytime soon, even if you're under 20 today. This, perhaps, is the car of the year 2100,
and the car that your grandchildren or their children will probably drive.然而，你可能不会很快在路上看到这样的车，即使你今天还不到20岁。这可能是2100年的汽车，你的孙子或他们的孩子可能会驾驶的汽车。"可推测，接下来应该是描述蜗牛车如果广泛运用的话，世界将会是怎样的，故选C。
Passage F
The Angelfish Can Change From To Male
In the ocean world, there is a kind of amazing fish called the angelfish. It can change from female to male. The change happens for an exact reason.
The angelfish live in groups. Each group has one male fish, which is blue in colour, and four female fish, which are yellow in colour. The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females and acts like their "safety guard".
When the male dies, the group needs a "safety guard". This is when the largest female, fish in the group begins to change its appearance. She begins to grow larger. After a week, her body starts change from yellow to blue. Slowly, her behaviour towards the females changes. She begins behaving like a male. Two weeks later, black stripes (条纹) appear on her body. This shows that the change is complete. She is now completely male and ready to be the guard!
The angelfish are among the most brightly coloured fish of the sea. You can also see them in home aquaria. People prefer to keep them because of the interesting patterns on them. These patterns help them to hide from enemies. Often, the young ones are differently coloured than the adults.
They can be found in the fresh waters of South America and, in warm seas coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and can grow up to a length of 17 inches. Their diet are mainly sponge and algae (海绵动物和藻类).
28．Who acts as the "safety guard" in an angelfish group
A．The male angelfish.
B．The longest female angelfish.
C．The largest female angelfish.
D．The oldest angelfish in the group.
29．What does the underlined word aquaria in paragraph 4 mean
A．An interesting pattern for fish.
B．An enemy for most fish kept at home.
C．A glass box that is used to keep fish.
D．A kind of food that is used to feed fish.
30．We can know from the passage that ____.
A．there are usually five angelfish in a fish group
B．the coral reefs can grow up to a length of 17 inches
C．the young angelfish have the same color as the adults
D．angelfish can change from female to male whenever they like
31．The writer write the passage to ____.
A．introduce the living environment of the angelfish
B．ask people to keep more angelfish in their homes
C．tell how fish can change from female to male
D．give people information about the angelfish
文章大意：本文主要介绍了神仙鱼的一些相关信息。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中"The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females and acts like their 'safety guard'."可知，雄性神仙鱼是安全卫士。故选A。
29．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中"The angelfish are among the most brightly coloured fish of the sea. You can also see them in home aquaria. People prefer to keep them because of the interesting patterns on them."可知，你可以在家里的鱼缸里面看到它们，因此C项"一个养鱼的玻璃箱子"符合题意。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中"The angelfish live in groups. Each group has one male fish, which is blue in colour, and four female fish，which are yellow in colour. "可知，一个鱼群里有五条神仙鱼。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了神仙鱼的一些相关信息。故选D。押湖南卷第28-31题 阅读理解之说明文阅读
【题型概述】
说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
【阅读策略】
二、出题特点
1. 生词词义判断题；2. 标题判断题；3. 主旨大意题；4. 文章结构题；5. 观点态度题。
三、阅读方法
阅读说明文的关键：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
1. 明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
2. 逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。
3. 整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。
四、解题技巧
1. 阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。
2. 审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
3. 定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
Passage A （2023湖南长沙卷）
Anyone who has seen The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie, knows the famous city of Salzburg in Austria. The musical movie was filmed in and around the city. To enjoy the amazing (令人惊叹的) city, you only have to walk through the alleys (小巷).
The sounds of music in Salzburg are not just from the famous film. Mozart, one of the greatest musicians, was born here, and the city is proud of him. You’ll hear Mozart’s music all over the city. And you can visit Mozart’s birthplace, learn about his childhood and even try the chocolate named for him: a Mozart ball! Don’t miss visiting the Salzburg Residenz, which was the rulers’ palace in the past. It was here that Mozart performed (表演) for the first time in his life.
A visit to Salzburg in December must include time in the Christmas markets, which can be found here and there. Visit the marketplaces for a hot drink. Then enjoy the beautiful handiwork for sale.
Salt was so important to the city of Salzburg that the city was named for it. This “white gold” brought wealth to the rulers. You can visit the Hallein Salt Mine (矿), one of the oldest in the world. Take a train ride into the mountain, where miners will explain the mining process (过程). Then enjoy a boat ride across an underground lake.
These are just a few of the enjoyable places in this small Austrian city. There are much more waiting for you to explore. Make sure to plan a trip to this breathtaking city. Its history and culture will excite your senses.
26. What do we know about The Sound of Music
A. It was filmed by Mozart.
B. It is an Oscar-winning movie.
C. It is a movie of Salzburg’s chocolate.
27. Where did Mozart perform for the first time in his life
A. In a Christmas market.
B. At the Hallein Salt Mine.
C. At the Salzburg Residenz.
28. What is the “white gold” in Paragraph 4
A. Salt. B. Music. C. A hot drink.
29.Which of the following does the writer agree with
A. Salzburg is too small to visit.
B. Salzburg is a place worth visiting.
C. There is nothing interesting in Salzburg.
30. What section (部分) of a magazine is the text taken from
A. Travel. B. Sports. C. Science.
PassageB（2022湖南永州卷）
Have you ever noticed plastic waste everywhere in your community Dr. Aboubacar Kampo has. He was living in C te d’Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem, compared with water and air pollution. C te d’Ivoire’s biggest city, Abidjan, produces more than 300 tons of plastic rubbish a day, and only about 5% is recycled. “How can we turn plastic into something useful ” Kampo wondered.
So Kampo，who works for UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund, googled, researched, and then noticed a company in Colombia, a country in South America. Plastic pollution is a problem there, too. Conceptos Plásticos, the Colombian company that Kampo read about online, recycles plastic waste and turns it into big, Lego-like bricks（砖）for building schools and houses.
Next, Kampo went to Colombia to learn about the company in person. He toured schools that were built with its bricks and the factory where the bricks were made. “Conceptos Plásticos gave us
a solution.” Kampo said. He thought it could help with more than just the plastic problem. It could also improve children’s education.
According to UNICEF, 1.6 million children in C te d’Ivoire don’t go to school. One reason is that there aren’t enough classrooms. For kids who do go to school, classrooms are often very crowded. Kids often sit on the floor and can’t stand up because there isn’t room to move around.
In 2018, UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plásticos. Right away, the local education improved a lot. People couldn’t believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms. By the end of 2021 UNICEF had built 528 classrooms in C te d’Ivoire. The new Conceptos Plásticos factory in Abidjan will soon be producing bricks from rubbish collected in children’s playgrounds and on the beach.
The environmental influence is huge. Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom. Unlike traditional building, no cement（水泥）is needed. “It’s just a hammer（锤子）and those bricks.” he added.
16. What is the main problem C te d’Ivoire faces
A. Plastic pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Air pollution.
17. What can we learn about Conceptos Plásticos
A. It’s a company in West Africa.
B. It recycles plastic waste online.
C. It offers bricks for building the classrooms in Abidjan.
18. Which of the following best describes the parents about their kids’ future in Paragraph 5
A. Doubtful. B. Excited. C. Surprised.
19. How many tons of plastic are needed to build a classroom
A. About 5.5 tons. B. Only about 15 tons. C. More than 300 tons.
20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Building Green
B. An introduction to Kampo
C. C te d’Ivoire’s Environmental Problem
一、主旨题
文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。
二、 推断题
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。
三、 猜测词义题
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。
通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧
（1）. 根据文中的解释
（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等
（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系
（4）. 根据语义的转折关系
（5）. 根据因果关系
（6）. 根据构词法知识
（7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑
Passage A
According to a recent study,the Middle East is warming almost twice as fast as the rest of the world. Without a doubt, high temperatures will have deep influences on the development of the area.
That shows the growing risk to humans caused byextreme(极端的)weather. With more and more extreme weather events.we must find better techniques(技术)to make predictions about them and mitigate their influences.
AI is a powerful tool. It can deal with information and provide advice to help us better understand and make predictions about the weather. Traditional weather models use information from satellites(卫星).But these models have their disadvantages:they are not very exact. They also fail to discover complex(复杂的）conditions of the air around the earth.
AI can overcome these disadvantages by using the technology of deep learning. It can learn from historical and real-time information and produce trustful predictions. AI can also deal with
information from different places, such as satellite photos or online posts,to provide clearer pictures of the weather situation.
A paper on the Pangu-Weather AI model has drawn a lot of attention. Pangu-Weather is the first AI prediction model that is more exact than traditional weather prediction methods. This model can increase the prediction speed by 10,000 times,making global weather prediction time drop to seconds.
In May 2023, Typhoon(台风) Mawar appeared in the Pacific Ocean. According to the China Meteorological Administration,Pangu-Weather made exact predictions about the direction of Mawar five days before it changed its way in the eastern waters of the islands of Taiwan.
28.What does the underlined word“mitigate”probably mean in Chinese
A.利用 B.减轻 C.承担
29.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The difficulty in making weather prediction.
B. The advantages of AI in weather prediction.
C. The disadvantages of traditional weather prediction methods.
30.Why is Typhoon Mawar mentioned
A. To show how exact Pangu-Weather's predictions are.
B. To express that the problems of extreme weather have been solved completely.
C. To talk about how useless traditional weather models are.
31.Where can you probably read the passage
A. In a travel magazine.
B. In a health magazine.
C.In a science magazine.
Passage B
A volunteer group Free-Go in Geneva, Switzerland is making fridges available so shops and restaurants can make food available to the public before it goes bad. The fridges are being placed along streets for anyone to use. The project is part of a continuing effort by people in Switzerland to cut down on food waste.
Free-Go has put fridges in Switzerland so people can get fruit, vegetables,bread and other foods at no cost. Free-Go started a year ago with a single fridge outside a community center in western
Geneva. There are now four fridges around the city. The group plans a fifth before the end of this year.
Marine Delevaux is the project's director.She said the food in its fridges is usually taken within an hour of being left.“Generally,when the food collected from shops and restaurants arrives in the morning, people are already waiting to help themselves."Delevaux said.
She added that the first Geneva fridge helped save 3.2tons of food from going to waste last year. Of the food donated(捐赠)，only about 3% had to be thrown away because nobody wanted it. Free-Go said the restaurants or food sellers must promise to make sure the donated food is safe to eat.
Shala Moradi has lived in Geneva for 10 years. She is65 years old and came from Iran. She said she appreciates the project."It's very good. I can take meat, cabbages, strawberries and things like that,”she said.“It helps me get through hard times and makes me feel warm in my heart.”
Severine Cuendet is a 54-year-old teacher.She always leaves some vegetables that she grows. “We have too much,”she said. She also praised the project,"This neighborhood has a lot of need.”She added."And it happens to all of us to buy too much.”
28.What can the fridges on the streets help do
A. Save money on storing food.
B. Reduce the waste of food.
C. Prevent food from going bad.
29.How many more fridges will be put in Geneva by the end of this year
A. One. B. Three. C. Four.
30.The underlined word“appreciates”in Paragraph5 means“____ ”
A.敬畏 B.熟悉 C.感激
31.What can we know from the passage
A. Severine Cuendet is a helpful person.
B. Shala Moradi is the project's director.
C. The Geneva fridges have helped save 3.2 tons of food for now.
Passage C
You may think the best way to solve a difficult problem is to keep working on it，even overnight. But the truth is just the opposite：Your best chance to get to the bottom of a problem is
actually to sleep on it.
A team of researchers at North western University，US，did a study and found that sleeping is useful in both strengthening（强化）（重组）memory. This can help you solve problems.
The researchers did an experiment with 57 students. They asked them to solve 42 difficult puzzles（谜题） on the first day. The students worked on each puzzle while listening to different music. The research encouraged students to remember the music they heard while solving the puzzles. By the end，there were six puzzles that the students still hadn't solved. The students then went back home to sleep. They were given special sleep—monitoring（睡眠监测）and music devices（设备）. The devices played music connected with the unsolved puzzles while the students were in the slow—wave sleep period. This period is when people are likely to dream and re—organize their memories.
The next morning，the students tried the unsolved puzzles again. Researchers found they were 55% more likely to solve them. The music activated the memories about the puzzles while they were sleeping. It allowed them to "work" on the puzzles in their sleep.
Earlier studies of both people and animals have shown that sleep can not only strengthen memory，but also help us organize information in our brains. This study seems to support that understanding.
So the next time you face a difficult problem，sleep on it. Then play some music to help yourself think of the problem.
28．What did the researchers at North western University find
A．Listening to music can help people sleep well.
B．Sleeping can help people solve problems.
C．Solving puzzles can improve people's memory.
29．What does the underlined word "They" refer to
A．The students. B．The researchers. C．The puzzles.
30．What does the underlined word "activated" in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．失去 B．抑制 C．激活
31．What do we know from Paragraph 5
A．The finding is not valuable for students.
B．This study supports the earlier findings.
C．The earlier studies needed the help of music.
Passage D
By now, most people know they should eat more vegetables. But are there ways to get more from the vegetables you already eat Research shows that when it comes to vegetables, it's n t only how much we eat, but also how we prepare them, which decides how many vitamins(维他命) and other nutrients(营养) enter our body.
Many studies show that people who eat lots of vegetables have fewer illnesses and eye problems. But raw(生的) vegetables are not always the best. The researchers found that 198 Germans who ate raw food were short of lycopene(番茄红素), which is found in tomatoes and other red vegetables. "There is an idea that raw foods are always going to be better," says Steven K. Clinton, a professor at Ohio State University.
"For fruits and vegetables, sometimes a little bit of cooking can be helpful." A number of factors decide how the vegetables do good to people's health before they reach the table, including where and how they were grown and stored before being bought. No single cooking way is the best.
Some nutrients are easily lost in cooking if they are cooked in different ways. Vitamins C and B are often lost. In January, another report said that boiling was better for carrots than frying or serving them raw. Frying(炒) was the worst way to cook.
What cooked with the vegetables can also be important. When the vegetables were cooked with fat, the diners can get more nutrients. Fat can also make the taste of vegetables better, meaning that people will eat more of them. Putting on some other things can also make them taste better. For example, a little salt can make the food taste better.
28．What do we know about vegetables from the first paragraph
A．The more vegetables we have, the healthier we will be.
B．The way people eat vegetables is of great importance.
C．People can't get more from the vegetables they already eat.
29．People who have raw vegetables for a long time will ____.
A．have more eye problems
B．have more illnesses
C．be in need of lycopene
30．The followings decide how much good vegetables do EXCEPT ____.
A．the place where they are grown
B．the price of the vegetables
C．the way of preparing vegetables
31．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The way how vegetables are stored influences how much good vegetables do to people.
B．The best way to keep vitamins C and B in vegetables is to fry them.
C．People will get fewer nutrients from vegetables when cooked with fat.
Passage E
What does this "thing" look like to you Is it a snail(蜗牛) Or is it a car Actually, it is my design for the car of the future — a snail car.
The snail car doesn't look like any of the cars that we see every day. If anything, this car is the opposite of today's cars. For example, today's cars are noisy and dirty, while this one is silent and clean; today's cars have wheels, but this one does not; traditional cars use petrol(汽油) while this car will use clean energy.
One more important point about the snail car is that it is easy to drive. In fact, you don't have to worry about driving because it can take you wherever you want to go when you say it. Let's say you need to take a shopping trip to a supermarket. All you have to do is give an instruction to the car, like "Take me to the supermarket", and the snail car will follow your instruction and take care of your trip. And the chances are that it will take you there even faster than you think.
A lot of the technology required for my snail car already exist(存在), although some may be experimental(试验性的). Today, scientists are developing new materials for the surface of roads. Fifty years from now, perhaps sooner, some new roads will store solar energy(太阳能) under the road, and the snail car will be able to use it.
However, you probably won't see a car like this on the roads anytime soon, even if you're under
20 today. This, perhaps, is the car of the year 2100, and the car that your grandchildren or their children will probably drive.
28．How does the writer show that the snail car is the opposite of today's cars
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples.
29．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the snail car is ____.
A．clean B．smart C．quiet
30．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Solar energy. B．Clean energy. C．The surface of roads.
31．What will the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph
A．What the snail car will look like in 2024.
B．Why the snail car will be popular among children.
C．What the world will be like when the snail car is widely used.
Passage F
The Angelfish Can Change From To Male
In the ocean world, there is a kind of amazing fish called the angelfish. It can change from female to male. The change happens for an exact reason.
The angelfish live in groups. Each group has one male fish, which is blue in colour, and four female fish, which are yellow in colour. The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females and acts like their "safety guard".
When the male dies, the group needs a "safety guard". This is when the largest female, fish in the group begins to change its appearance. She begins to grow larger. After a week, her body starts change from yellow to blue. Slowly, her behaviour towards the females changes. She begins behaving like a male. Two weeks later, black stripes (条纹) appear on her body. This shows that the change is complete. She is now completely male and ready to be the guard!
The angelfish are among the most brightly coloured fish of the sea. You can also see them in home aquaria. People prefer to keep them because of the interesting patterns on them. These patterns help them to hide from enemies. Often, the young ones are differently coloured than the adults.
They can be found in the fresh waters of South America and, in warm seas coral reefs (珊瑚
礁) and can grow up to a length of 17 inches. Their diet are mainly sponge and algae (海绵动物和藻类).
28．Who acts as the "safety guard" in an angelfish group
A．The male angelfish.
B．The longest female angelfish.
C．The largest female angelfish.
D．The oldest angelfish in the group.
29．What does the underlined word aquaria in paragraph 4 mean
A．An interesting pattern for fish.
B．An enemy for most fish kept at home.
C．A glass box that is used to keep fish.
D．A kind of food that is used to feed fish.
30．We can know from the passage that ____.
A．there are usually five angelfish in a fish group
B．the coral reefs can grow up to a length of 17 inches
C．the young angelfish have the same color as the adults
D．angelfish can change from female to male whenever they like
31．The writer write the passage to ____.
A．introduce the living environment of the angelfish
B．ask people to keep more angelfish in their homes
C．tell how fish can change from female to male
D．give people information about the angelfish
