牛津译林版八年级英语下册Units7-8知识点汇总 +练习（含解析）

8BU7-8知识点整理
U7
1. leave
①left作动词leave的过去分词，意为“剩下，余下”，作后置定语。
There be sth. left或sb. have sth. left，表示“有…留下/剩下,剩下某物”。
②表示离开、出发去某地。
leave sp. for sp.
③leave作使役动词,表示使/让…保持某种状态。
Leave the door open.
③作留下、丢下、落下,常表示某物落在/忘在某地。
You’d better leave your address and telephone number.
2. It’s time for... 到…的时间了。
It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了
It’s time to have dinner. =It’s time for dinner.
lt’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了，某人该做某事了
It’s time for them to take action to help ocean animals.
3. education n. 教育
它的形容词形式是 ，意为“教育的，有教育意义的”，
它的动词形式是 ，意为“教育，培养”，
“教育某人做某事” ，
educator 作名词，意为“教育家”。
4. equal
①作形容词，意为“平等的”。
②作形容词，还可意为“相同的，相等的；能胜任的”。
be equal to... 等于，等同；能胜任
Tom is equal to Jim in height.
③作及物动词，意为“与.…相等，等于”。
Three plus six equals nine.
5. right n.权利
the right of sb. 某人的权利
the right to do sth. 做某事的权利。
6. prevent sb (from) doing sth = stop / keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
7. spread
①n. 扩散；分布；展开 the spread of.... ....的扩散
②v. 展开，传播；散布 spread the news
8. afford v. 买得起；能做；承担
①+名词，
②afford to do sth 承担得起做某事。
can’t afford to do sth.=don’t have enough money to do sth.
9. proud adj. 自豪的，骄傲的”，它的名词形式是 ，意为“自豪，骄傲”。
be proud of... = take pride in... 为...感到自豪
be proud to do sth 为做某事而自豪
10. medicine n. 医学，药
它的形容词是 ，意为“医学的，医药的”。
modern medicine现代医学
take the medicine吃药
11. develop v. 发展；加强
develop into... 发展成...
developing adj. 发展中的
developed adj. 发达的
development n. 发展
12. carry on with sth继续做某事
= carry on doing sth
= go on doing sth
= continue doing sth
13. hold
①举行 =have hold / have the sports meeting
②容纳 The classroom can hold over 100 students.
③握住，抓住 hold one’s hand
14. 辨析include,including与included
include作动词，意为“包括，包含"，侧重指被包含着的是整体的一部分。
including作介词，位于所说明的名词或代词之前，含有补充说明之意，其前常用逗号隔开，不能作谓语。
included作形容词，表示“包括在内的”，位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。
We all went, my sister included.
15. What’s the matter 怎么了？
what’s the matter (with sb？)
= What’s wrong (with sb)
= What’s the trouble (with sb)
= What’s happened (to sb)
make up one's mind to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.决定做某事
U8
1. dig v.挖(洞，坑等)
dig for挖掘，为...而挖 dig out挖出
2. serious adj. 认真的，严肃的；严重的
be serious about sb/sth 对某人/某事是认真的
be serious about doing sth对做某事认真
3. reduce v.减少,降低
reduce sth by... 把某物减少了....
reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物（从...）减少到...
4. cause v. 导致，相当于lead to； n. 理由，原因
cause sb. to do导致某人做某事
cause sb. sth. 给某人造成…
5. separate v. 分开,隔开
be separated into被分成
separate...into把....分成
separate... from... 把...开;把...分离”。
6. allow v. 允许，准许
①allow sb. (not) to do sth. 允许某人（不）做某事
②allow doing sth. 允许做某事
③be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
7. punish v. 处罚，惩罚
punish sb. for ( doing )sth. 因(做)某事处罚某人
8. fine v. 罚款
fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事对某人罚款
9. depend on 依靠;取决于;视….而定, 相当于depend upon
depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
That/It depends. 依情况而定，看情况。
10. produce v. 导致，产生
producer是可数名词，意为“生产者，制造者”;
production是不可数名词，意为“产量，生产”。
11. difference n. 差异，不同之处
其形容词形式为different，其副词形式为differently
tell the difference between…指出…的差别
I can never tell the difference between the twins.
make a difference to 对…产生影响
What you read can make a difference to the way you think.
make no difference to 对…没有影响
The rain yesterday made no difference to our trip.
12. pollution n. 污染；污染物
它的动词形式是 ，意为“污染”。
pollute sth with sth 某物受到某物的污染
13. harm
作动词，意为“伤害，损害”；
作不可数名词，意为“伤害” 。
do harm to...= be harmful to对...有害
14. act to do sth = take action to do sth采取行动做某事
15. living/alive/lively/live/living
living adj. 活着的 活的 作定语 修饰人\物 living sth/sb 强调“尚在人间，健在”这一现状
alive 活着的 作表语、补足语、后置定语 与“死”dead相对 多用于指人，也可指物 be alive make sb/sth alive sth/sb alive
lively 活泼的 有生气的 作表语、定语、宾语补足语 用来修饰或补充说明人或物
live v. 生活 常与介词in连用
adv 现场直播地 常用作状语，修饰动词
living n. 生计、谋生 make a living谋生
16. in place在正确位置
in the place在那个地方
in one’s place = in place of sb 代替某人
take the place of...代替...
17. step n. 步骤，措施
take steps to do sth采取措施做某事
step by step一步步地
同步练习
一、单项选择
1. The meal was ________ special—just fish with a tomato sauce.
A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：这顿饭没什么特别的，只是加了番茄酱的鱼。
考查代词辨析。anything任何事物/事情；nothing没有什么；everything每件事，一切；something某物，某事。根据“just fish with a tomato sauce”可知，此处的语气表示没有什么特别的，使用nothing。故选B。
2. When you finish reading the novel you will have ________ understanding of life.
A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：当你读完这本小说，你会对生活有更好的理解。
考查比较级和冠词的用法。根据“When you finish reading the novel, you will have...understanding of life.”可知，此处暗含比较含义，读完小说会有更好的理解，用比较级，排除CD；此处表示泛指，用不定冠词，故选A。
3. It’s not your talents but your efforts that decide ________ you are, guys.
A. how B. who C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：伙计们，不是你们的天赋而是你们的努力决定了你们是谁。
考查宾语从句。how怎么；who谁；which哪一个；when什么时候。根据“It’s not your talents but your efforts”可知应是努力决定了你们是谁，who引导了一个宾语从句，故选B。
4. — My shower is broken, and I’ll call customer service later.
— Really Are you sure you ________ put it in
A. carefully B. simply C. smoothly D. properly
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】句意：—— 我的淋浴器坏了，我晚点再打电话给客服。—— 真的吗？你确定你正确地安装了吗？
考查单词辨析。carefully仔细地；simply简单地；smoothly顺利地；properly正确地。根据句意以及“安装put in”可知，此处是问“是否正确地安装了淋浴器”。故选D。
5. It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors.
A. is turned out B. turns out C. is carried out D. carries out
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：事实证明，贾玲已经成为最成功的女性电影导演之一。
考查语态和词组辨析。turn out结果是，证明是，不用被动；carry out执行。根据情境可知，此句表示“证明……事实”，应该使用“turn out”，且用主动语态。故选B。
6. During the ________ of the conversation, I realized that the interviewee had been in prison.
A. direction B. course C. progress D. form
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：在谈话过程中，我意识到受访者曾坐过牢。
考查名词词义辨析。direction方向；course过程；progress进步；form类型。根据“I realized that the interviewee had been in prison.”可知，此处应该指的是在谈话过程中。故选B。
7. —I’ve told you many times you ________ put the vase on the table. The kids may knock it over.
—Sorry, I won’t do it again.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我已经告诉你很多次了，你不能把花瓶放在桌子上。孩子们可能会把它撞倒。——对不起，我不会再做了。
考查情态动词。wouldn’t将不；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能；needn’t不必。根据“I’ve told you many times you...put the vase on the table”可知是禁止把花瓶放在桌子上，此处表示警告用mustn’t。故选B。
8. My left foot was badly hurt in the accident, and the pain ________ until I couldn’t walk any longer.
A. rose B. raised C. increased D. added
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我的左脚在事故中受了重伤，疼痛加剧，一直走不动了。
考查动词辨析。rose上升；raised抬高；increased增加；added添加。根据“the pain...until I couldn’t walk any longer”可知此处表示疼痛在增加，描述疼痛的程度在增加用increased，而add强调数量、体积、重要性方面有所增。故选C。
9. We were surprised to see that most of the buildings came ________ the flood without falling down.
A. over B. against C. through D. beyond
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们惊讶地看到，大多数建筑物在洪水中没有倒塌。
考查介词辨析。over在上方；against反对；through度过；beyond超过。根据“most of the buildings came...the flood without falling down”可知大多数建筑物没有倒塌，安然度过了洪水。故选C。
10. —Thanks for inviting me to the Garden Flower Expo.
—________!
A. That’s right B. I’m fine C. You’re welcomeD. Great idea
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——谢谢你邀请我参加花园花卉博览会。——不用客气！
考查交际用语。That’s right没错；I’m fine我很好；You’re welcome不客气；Great idea好主意。根据“Thanks for inviting me to the Garden Flower Expo.”可知此处应对感谢作出回应，应用“You’re welcome”表示“不客气”。故选C。
二、完形填空
Avery and I are good friends, but once something unpleasant happened when we both tried for roles in Alice in Wonderland.
Avery really ____11____ to be Alice and I was sure she could get the role. However, it ____12____ that I was picked to be Alice and Avery only got the part of the March Hare. “Do you want to practise together with me ” I asked. “Sorry, I’m busy this week,” said Avery, ____13____ looking at me. “And I will be always busy.”
That night at dinner, my parents noticed I was not that ____14____ about getting the lead role. They wondered what happened. “Well, Avery was not picked to be Alice, but I was. She was unhappy. Maybe she will throw away our ____15____.”
My father said, “Don’t worry about it. I think this is a ____16____ for you to be an extra-good friend.”
“Dad’s right,” said my mother. “Sometimes ____17____ our friends do well, we may have feelings of envy and don’t know how to act. Try giving ____18____ a little time, space and understanding, and she will change her mind soon.”
Over the next week, I tried my best to give Avery some ____19____. Then one day, on the way to our practice, I ____20____ her. “I just want to say, you’re such a great actor when acting as the March Hare.” I smiled. She seemed happy and ____21____ how she understood the role. When I asked her to help me with my role, she agreed and smiled, too. She ____22____ said sorry to me for acting that way at first. Later, we became ____23____ to each other.
I’ve learned that people often have a ____24____ time dealing with envy and disappointment (失望). If you have similar ____25____, you could try taking my parents’ advice. Give your friend a little time, space and understanding. This might be the perfect time to be an extra-good friend.
11. A. promised B. hoped C. forgot D. chose
12 A. turned out B. found out C. carried out D. tried out
13. A. till B. from C. like D. without
14 A. excited B. careful C. nervous D. worried
15. A. energy B. treasure C. friendship D. courage
16. A. game B. chance C. story D. dream
17. A. before B. whether C. unless D. when
18. A. them B. him C. her D. it
19. A. advice B. space C. fun D. trouble
20. A. met B. left C. answered D. thanked
21. A. faced B. missed C. explained D. supported
22. A. even B. never C. almost D. seldom
23. A. stricter B. quieter C. luckier D. closer
24. A. smart B. great C. careless D. difficult
25. A. activities B. mistakes C. experiences D. interests
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和好朋友在出演《爱丽丝梦游仙境》时发生了不愉快的事，最后两人又和好的经过。
【11题详解】
句意：艾弗里真的很想扮演爱丽丝，我确信她能得到这个角色。
promised承诺；hoped希望；forgot忘记；chose选择。根据“Avery really...to be Alice and I was sure she could get the role”可知艾弗里希望可以扮演爱丽丝，故选B。
【12题详解】
句意：然而，结果是我被选为爱丽丝，而艾弗里只得到了三月兔的角色。
turned out结果是；found out弄清；carried out实施；tried out试验。根据“Avery really...to be Alice and I was sure she could get the role”可知作者的好朋友希望可以扮演爱丽丝，但是结果却是作者扮演爱丽丝，故选A。
【13题详解】
句意：“对不起，我这周很忙。”艾弗里说，没有看我一眼。
till直到；from从；like像；without没有。根据“Sorry, I’m busy this week”结合艾弗里没有扮演爱丽丝可知，她应该很不开心，所以没有看作者，故选D。
【14题详解】
句意：那天晚上吃饭的时候，我父母注意到我对得到主角并没有那么兴奋。
excited激动的；careful细心的；nervous紧张的；worried担忧的。根据“about getting the lead role”可知正常来说得到主角的扮演应该很激动，故选A。
【15题详解】
句意：也许她会抛弃我们的友谊。
energy能量；treasure宝藏；friendship友谊；courage勇气。根据“Well, Avery was not picked to be Alice, but I was. She was unhappy.”可知作者认为艾弗里没有得到自己想要的角色，而作者得到了，所以作者怕对方会抛弃她们的友谊，故选C。
【16题详解】
句意：我认为这是你成为一个特别好的朋友的机会。
game游戏；chance机会；story故事；dream梦想。根据“I think this is a...for you to be an extra-good friend”结合下文可知此处是作者的爸爸在开导作者，认为这是一个让作者成为一个特别好的朋友的机会。故选B。
【17题详解】
句意：有时候，当我们的朋友做得很好时，我们可能会嫉妒，不知道该怎么做。
before在……之前；whether是否；unless除非；when当……时候。根据“our friends do well, we may have feelings of envy and don’t know how to act”可知前后句是时间关系，表示“当我们的朋友做得很好时，我们可能会嫉妒，不知道该怎么做”，应用when引导时间状语从句，故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：试着给她一点时间、空间和理解，她很快就会改变想法的。
them他们；him他；her她；it它。此空是代指作者的好朋友艾弗里，应用her，故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：接下来的一周，我尽力给艾弗里一些空间。
advice建议；space空间；fun乐趣；trouble麻烦。根据下文“Give your friend a little time, space and understanding”可知是指空间，故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：后来有一天，在去练习的路上，我遇到了她。
met遇见；left离开；answered回答；thanked感谢。根据“Then one day, on the way to our practice, I...her”可知作者在路上遇见了她，故选A。
【21题详解】
句意：她看起来很开心，并解释了她是如何理解这个角色的。
faced面对；missed错过；explained解释；supported支持。根据“She seemed happy and...how she understood the role.”可知艾弗里解释自己是如何理解角色的，故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：她甚至为一开始的行为向我道歉。
even甚至；never从不；almost几乎；seldom很少。根据“When I asked her to help me with my role, she agreed and smiled, too. She...said sorry to me for acting that way at first. ”可知当作者请她帮助作者理解角色时，她也同意了，甚至她为一开始的行为向作者道歉。故选A。
【23题详解】
句意：后来，我们变得更亲密了。
stricter更严格；quieter更安静；luckier更幸运；closer更近。结合语境可知两人又和好了，关系更亲密了，故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：我了解到人们通常很难处理嫉妒和失望。
smart聪明的；great很好的；careless粗心的；difficult困难的。根据“dealing with envy and disappointment (失望).”可知处理嫉妒和失望是很困难的，故选D。
【25题详解】
句意：如果你有类似的经历，你可以试着听从我父母的建议。
activities活动；mistakes错误；experiences经历；interests兴趣。根据“If you have similar...you could try taking my parents’ advice.”可知是指和作者类似的经历，故选C。
三、阅读理解
A
Jane, a reporter, is collecting information for the local newspaper. She is interested in the following things introduced in a magazine.
Smart Schoolbag
Forget to pack the books you need into your schoolbag in the morning rush
A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag. It tells you which books to pack. A small computer and a scanner (扫描装置) are fixed in the bag. As each book is put into the bag, it is checked by the scanner. If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you.
Weather Sweets
Can you eat weather
A university makes that happen. It uses a 3D printer to create sweets based on the weather information of a certain day.
The shapes of the sweets are influenced by wind speed. The colors of the sweets are decided by temperature. The sweets act as a weather record of the day when they are made.
Sunrise Bed
It's hard for you to get up in the morning, isn’t it
To help you get up, a company has created a “tool” —a sunrise bed.
It wakes you up gently as a sunrise does. Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter. When the lights are fully on, soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off. The company explains, “The gentle light tells your body that it is morning, so it stops producing a chemical that helps you sleep.”
26. The smart schoolbag has been invented by ________.
A. a reporter B. a schoolboy C. a university D. a company
27. ________ influence(s) the shapes of the weather sweets.
A Colors B. Temperature C. 3D printers D. Wind speed
28. Which of the following shows how a sunrise bed wakes you up
A. lights on → music on → lights brighter → music louder
B. music on → music louder → lights on → lights brighter
C. lights on → lights brighter → music on → music louder
D. music on → lights on → music louder → lights brighter
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了简在一本杂志上看到的有趣的东西：智能书包，天气糖果和日出床。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag.”可知，一个男生发明的智能书包，故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The shapes of the sweets are influenced by wind speed.”可知，糖果的形状会受到风速的影响。故选D。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据“It wakes you up gently as a sunrise does. Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter. When the lights are fully on, soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off.”可知，日出床像日出一样轻轻地把你唤醒，内置在床上的灯打开并开始变得越来越亮，当灯完全打开时，轻柔的音乐开始播放，它会越来越响，直到你把它关掉。因此C项是正确的顺序，故选C。
B
The next day, Peter held up a notice as The Green Dragon came out of the tunnel towards the cottage (a small house in the country). The notice said, “LOOK OUT AT THIS STATION.”
The old gentleman saw the notice He looked out at the station as the train came in. He saw a little girl—it was Phyllis—running towards his carriage. He stood up and leaned out of the window of his carriage.
“Please read this,” Phyllis said, and put a letter into his hand.
The train left the station. The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter. The letter said:
Dear Mr. We do not know your name.
Mother is ill, and the doctor says we must give her some special things. But Mother can’t afford them. We do not know anyone here because Father is away, and we do not know where he lives.
Father will pay you, or if he has lost all his money, I will pay you when I am a man. I promise you. Please get all the things on this list, and give them to the station master tomorrow.
The letter was signed by Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis.
The old gentleman read the letter and smiled. Then he put it in his pocket and started to read his newspaper again.
That night there was a knock on the door of the cottage. The porter from the railway station was there.
“An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master,” he said. “It’s for you.”
The parcel was full of everything on the list of special things to make Mother well again. There was a letter from the old gentleman. It said:
Dear Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis,
Here are the things on your list. I am very happy to give them to you, and I hope your mother is soon better. When she asks where the things come from, tell her they are from a friend. When she is well, you can tell her the truth. She may say that you were wrong to ask a stranger for these things.
I think you were right.
The letter was signed “G.P.” and something that the children could not read.
“I think we were right to ask the old gentleman for his help,” Peter said. “The important thing is for Mother to feel better.”
29. When Mother was ill, Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis tried to get help by ________.
A. meeting the station master B. looking for a greater doctor
C. waiting for Father at the station D. writing a letter to the old gentleman
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to
A. The notice. B. The letter. C. The money. D. The newspaper.
31. Which is the right order of the following events
a. The old gentleman read the letter from Peter.
b. Phyllis put a letter into the old gentleman’s hand.
c. The old gentleman gave a parcel to the station master.
d. The porter gave the parcel to Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis.
e. Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis read the letter from the old gentleman.
A. a-b-d-e-c B. a-e-d-b-c C. b-a-c-d-e D. b-c-d-a-e
32. Which of the following best describes the old gentleman
A. Helpful. B. Funny. C. Brave. D. Clever.
【答案】29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述孩子们的母亲生病了，他们写了一封信塞给一位老先生，老先生送给孩子们他们需要的东西。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The train left the station. The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter.”可知，母亲生病时，彼得、罗伯塔和菲利斯给老先生写了一封信，试图寻求帮助。故选D。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“The old gentleman read the letter and smiled. Then he put it in his pocket and started to read his newspaper again.”可知，老先生读了信，笑了。然后他把它放进口袋，又开始看报纸。此处it指的是那封信，故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Phyllis said, and put a letter into his hand.”，“The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter.”，“An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master”，“‘An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master,’ he said. ‘It’s for you.’”和“There was a letter from the old gentleman. It said...”可知，正确的顺序是b-a-c-d-e，故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Here are the things on your list. I am very happy to give them to you, and I hope your mother is soon better. When she asks where the things come from, tell her they are from a friend. When she is well, you can tell her the truth.”可知，老先生给了孩子们需要的东西，并告诉孩子们等妈妈好了再告知真相，由此可知老先生是一位乐于助人的人，故选A。