专题07 阅读理解七选五之方法策略10篇+环境保护6篇+文化4篇
(模考好题20篇)
一、概述
七选五阅读正文部分通常是一篇完整的文章，有五个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，均为完整句子，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考 察的深度和广度，考查学生句子和语篇两个层面的阅读能力和领悟能力，以及对整个语篇的衔接手段与连 贯性的洞察力。总之，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维 能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。
二、技巧点拨
1、如果空白处在段首，则答案通常是段落主题句，做题时，应认真阅读本段内容，概括段落大意，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
2、如果空白处在段中，段中的空白处多位于段落主题句之后，与上下文构成明显的逻辑关系：如常见的分述细化主题的并列关系、语义发生变化的转折关系，对上诉概念的解释说明、举例论证，这些句子起衔接上下文的作用，因此成为历年高考语篇考查的重中之重。
3、如果空白处在段尾，则答案通常是结论或概括性的语句。空白处前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。做题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，即空白处起前后两段过渡作用。
模拟演练
01 人与自我--方法/策略
Passage 1
(2024·河北沧州·一模)Thinking about adopting a healthy lifestyle Congratulations! There are so many reasons for adopting a healthy lifestyle. Here are some tips to help you get started with your new habits.
Before you begin, ask yourself some questions, what are your reasons for thinking about a healthier lifestyle 1 Your why should reflect your values and what’s important to you. Knowing your specific why will help you to not just get started, but will help keep you focused and motivated as it guides your journey.
Focus on behaviors, not results. 2 But switching your focus from outcomes to the new habits you’re creating and actions you’re taking is more beneficial. It’s actually some daily health-promoting behaviors that will create change and can lead to the health outcomes you desire.
3 Remember Rome wasn’t built in a day! And things like your eating habits, cooking skills, athletic abilities, and more won’t change overnight. This is also why you don’t need a long list telling you everything you need to stop doing. You just need to take the first step.
Remember it’s not all or nothing. A healthy lifestyle is never all or nothing. 4 So focus on eating foods and creating habits that make you feel good.
Can you do it forever One of the most important things to ask yourself when building healthy habits is, “Can you do it for life ” Sure, you could probably stick to a diet for a short period, but can you see yourself doing that forever 5
A. Start small and take steady steps.
B. Why is doing this important for you
C. Make a list of habits you want to build.
D. It’s okay to desire weight loss, or any other outcomes.
E. In a word, fasting is harmful and no one would like to do so.
F. If not, remember: temporary methods are equal to temporary results.
G. It’s about creating a healthy relationship with food and your body.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. G 5. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养成健康的生活方式需要注意的一些事项。
1. 根据前文“Before you begin, ask yourself some questions, what are your reasons for thinking about a healthier lifestyle (在你开始之前，问你自己一些问题，你考虑更健康的生活方式的原因是什么？)”可知，本段首句建议人们要问自己一些问题。因此B选项“Why is doing this important for you (为什么做这件事对你很重要？)”可以和前句并列，都是相关方面的问题，符合语境。故选B。
2. 根据本段段旨“Focus on behaviors, not results. (关注行为，而不是结果)”以及后文“But switching your focus from outcomes to the new habits you’re creating and actions you’re taking is more beneficial.(但是把你的注意力从结果转移到你正在养成的新习惯和你正在采取的行动上是更有益的)”可知，本段主题句建议人们要关注行为而不是结果，同时后文以but开头，故设空处与后文构成转折关系。D选项“It’s okay to desire weight loss, or any other outcomes.(渴望减肥或其他结果是可以的)”可知，此处强调渴望减肥或者其他结果是可以的，后文与本句构成转折关系，强调要把结果转移到正在养成的新习惯或者正在采取的行动上，则更有益，同时此处outcomes与段旨中results为同义词，该选项符合语境。故选D。
3. 本句位于句首，是段落的主题句。根据后文的内容“ Remember Rome wasn’t built in a day! And things like your eating habits, cooking skills, athletic abilities, and more won’t change overnight.(记住罗马不是一天建成的!你的饮食习惯、烹饪技巧、运动能力等等都不会在一夜之间改变)”可知，此处强调罗马不是一夜建成的，习惯是要慢慢改变。A选项“Start small and take steady steps.(从小处开始，循序渐进)”概括本段主要内容，符合段旨。故选A。
4. 根据前文“A healthy lifestyle is never all or nothing.(健康的生活方式从来都不是要么全做要么根本不做)”推知，空处应陈述真正的健康生活应该是怎样的。G选项“It’s about creating a healthy relationship with food and your body.(这是关于在食物和你的身体之间建立健康的关系)”承接前文，指出健康的生活方式是什么——关于在食物和你的身体之间建立健康的关系。故选G。
5. 根据前文“Can you do it forever One of the most important things to ask yourself when building healthy habits is,
“Can you do it for life ” Sure, you could probably stick to a diet for a short period, but can you see yourself doing that forever ( 你能永远这样做吗？当你养成健康的习惯时，你要问自己的一个最重要的问题是：“你能坚持一辈子吗？”当然，你可能会在短时间内坚持节食，但你能看到自己永远这样做吗？)”可知，此处强调人们在养成健康的生活方式时要问问自己这样做是否能够坚持一辈子。F选项“If not, remember: temporary methods are equal to temporary results.(如果没有，请记住：临时方法产生临时结果。)”承接前文，指出如果不能坚持一辈子，那么临时的方法只能产生临时的结果，符合语境。故选F。
Passage 2
(2024·湖南·二模)
Hop on the Silent Walking Trend
Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations, focusing on the mind-body-nature connection. 1 That’s a slower, lower-impact way to relax and is great for fitness. Here’s everything you need to know about the trend.
Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses. For reaping the mental health benefits, it is recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. 2 Meanwhile, consciously observing the sights, sounds, smells, and physical sensations during the walk can significantly impact cognitive and emotional well-being.
To stimulate the mind, consider exploring different routes than usual. Without your favourite podcast or playlist, you might slip into boredom on your walk. 3 And it might even be good for your brain. Scientists applaud the virtues of boredom for brain health, believing that it boosts creativity and improves social connections. And if you do get bored, rest assured that it shows you’ve disconnected from external distractions. Go with it, and make sure you take a different route each time—it’ll keep you motivated.
Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes. If you’re usually a headphone wearer, it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes, but give yourself a second to adjust. Chances are, once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk, you’ll feel the magic kick in. 4
Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential. After completing a silent walk, take time to reflect upon any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights. 5 Journaling about the experience can also solidify connections between thoughts and ideas, providing a valuable tool for self-reflection and growth.
A. But being bored won’t hurt you.
B. Taking different paths can lead to exciting discoveries.
C. Adjusting the routine gradually can help ease into the experience.
D. You’ll also start noticing the little things around you more clearly.
E. They can deepen understanding and serve as a record of personal growth
F. Unlike exercise-oriented walking, it isn’t about reaching certain speed or steps
G. In such an environment, you can immerse yourself in the natural soundscape(音景).
【答案】1. F 2. G 3. A 4. C 5. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了静默行走这一趋势，探讨了如何进行静默行走，以及这种行走方
式对健康的好处，特别是对促进认知和情感福祉的潜在影响。
1. 上文“Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations, focusing on the mind-body-nature connection.(静默行走包括在户外行走，不受音乐或对话等干扰，专注于身心自然的联系)”以及下文“That’s a slower, lower-impact way to relax and is great for fitness. Here’s everything you need to know about the trend.(这是一种较慢、影响较小的放松方式，非常适合健身。以下是您需要了解的有关趋势的所有信息)”说明静默行走是一种适合健身的运动方式。空处补充上文内容，并引出下文。F项中的it指代前文中的Silent walking，“reaching certain speed or steps”和下文中的“That’s a slower, lower-impact way”相呼应，说明静默行走不关注到特定的速度或步数，而是以一种较慢、影响较小的放松方式行走。所以F项“与以锻炼为导向的行走不同，它不关注达到特定的速度或步数”符合语境。故选F。
2. 上文“Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses. For reaping the mental health benefits, it is recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. (选择一个自然的环境，充分利用你的感官。为了获得心理健康的好处，建议找一个安静、宁静的自然地点)”说明静默行走需要选择找一个安静、宁静的自然地点。空处与前文内容形成因果逻辑关系，G项中的“In such an environment”和前文中的“a quiet and peaceful natural location”相呼应，说明在这样安静和自然的环境下，你就可以沉浸在自然的音景中。故选G。
3. 上文“To stimulate the mind, consider exploring different routes than usual. Without your favourite podcast or playlist, you might slip into boredom on your walk. (为了刺激大脑，可以考虑探索与平时不同的路线。如果没有你最喜欢的播客或播放列表，你可能会在散步时陷入无聊)”说明如果平时喜欢博客等，在静默散步时就会感到无聊。空处和前文形成转折关系，所以提出的“无聊的积极影响”提供铺垫。A项中的But引出了与上文相对的观点，表明尽管无聊可能被视为不愉快的体验，但它并非有害，这为下文科学家对无聊的积极评价提供了逻辑上的衔接。A项“But being bored won’t hurt you.”符合语境。故选A。
4. 上文“If you’re usually a headphone wearer, it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes, but give yourself a second to adjust. Chances are, once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk, you’ll feel the magic kick in.(如果你通常是一个戴耳机的人，在没有音乐的情况下走路会感觉非常奇怪，但给自己一秒钟的时间来调整。很有可能，当你安静地散步几分钟后，你会感觉到神奇的力量开始了)”说明当你调整自己去接受静默行走时，你会发现它神奇的力量。空处是对上文的承接，并呼应段落主题。空格所在的段落讨论了开始进行静默行走的建议，从五分钟开始，逐渐增加到三十分钟。C项“逐渐调整常规可以帮助轻松进入体验”符合语境，与上文提到的从短时间开始逐步增加时间相呼应，说明逐步调整可以帮助人们适应没有音乐的行走。故选C。
5. 上文“After completing a silent walk, take time to reflect upon any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights. (在完成一次静默行走后，花时间反思任何新出现的想法、感受或见解)”说明在完成静默行走后需要做出反思。空处与前文内容形成逻辑上的解释关系，说明反思的重要性。E项中的They指代前文中的“any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights”，说明E“它们可以加深理解并作为个人成长的记录”符合语境，与上文建议的反思活动相呼应，强调了记录这些想法、感受或领悟对于加深个人理解和记录个人成长的重要性。故选E。
Passage 3
(2024·山东·三模)Time is a valuable resource, especially for those who need to deal with academic demands, personal growth, and social activities at the same time. Effective time management not only leads to increased productivity, but reduces stress. 1 . Here are some strategies to help young adults master the art of time management.
Setting clear and achievable short-term and long-term goals is essential for youth. 2 They’ll also distribute time accordingly. Whether it’s studying for exams or pursuing personal interests, having well-defined goals provides a sense of direction. Meanwhile, importance levels of tasks can vary. By focusing on key tasks and minimizing time spent on unimportant ones, young adults can perfect their time management.
3 It makes efficient use of their time. Whether using a planner or a calendar app scheduling specific blocks of time for different activities, including study time, exercise, socializing, can lead to better time use.
Furthermore, learning to say no is a valuable skill for youth. With numerous opportunities and interests, it’s easy to become overwhelmed. By being selective about commitments, young adults can arrange their time and energy wisely. Saying no to non-essential activities frees up time for important tasks. 4 .
In the pursuit of personal success, young adults often find themselves caught up in a series of responsibilities and commitments. However, it’s essential for them to recognize that life shouldn’t be like this. Self-care plays a vital role in time management. 5 By ensuring they maintain a healthy work-life balance, young adults can recharge their energy levels, improve focus, and increase productivity. That way, they perfect time usage and pave the way for success.
A. That actually prevents over-commitment.
B. One should constantly review how time is spent.
C. It creates opportunities for personal development as well.
D. Developing a daily schedule helps young adults stay organized.
E. Putting things off constantly is a common time management project.
F. By knowing what they want to accomplish, they can prioritize their tasks.
G. Youth should value adequate rest and activities that promote their well-being.
【答案】1. C 2. F 3. D 4. A 5. G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助年轻人提高效率，减轻压力的时间管理策略。
1. 根据上文“Effective time management not only leads to increased productivity, but reduces stress. (有效的时间管理不仅能提高工作效率，还能减轻压力)”可知，通过介绍时间管理的好处，引出下文介绍时间管理的策略，因此空处应该承接上文，进一步阐述时间管理的好处，C选项“它也为个人发展创造了机会。”符合语境。故选C项。
2. 根据上文“Setting clear and achievable short-term and long-term goals is essential for youth. (制定明确和可实现的短期和长期目标对青年至关重要)”可知，设定可实现的短期和长期目标是重要的，且本段末“By focusing on key tasks and minimizing time spent on unimportant ones, young adults can perfect their time management. (通过专注于关键任务，减少在不重要的事情上花费的时间，年轻人可以完善他们的时间管理)”表明要聚焦重要
的任务，因此空处应对上文“设定目标”做进一步阐述，F选项“通过知道他们想要完成什么，他们可以优先考虑他们的任务。”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
3. 根据下文“It makes efficient use of their time. Whether using a planner or a calendar app scheduling specific blocks of time for different activities, including study time, exercise, socializing, can lead to better time use. (它有效地利用了他们的时间。无论是使用计划器还是日历应用程序，为不同的活动安排特定的时间块，包括学习时间、锻炼时间、社交时间，都能让你更好地利用时间)”可知，本段主张制定每日计划可以帮助年轻人做事有条理，D选项“制定一个日常时间表有助于年轻人保持有序。”引出下文，符合语境。故选D项。
4. 根据上文“By being selective about commitments, young adults can arrange their time and energy wisely. Saying no to non-essential activities frees up time for important tasks. (通过对承诺有选择性，年轻人可以明智地安排他们的时间和精力。把不重要的事情说不可以腾出时间去做重要的事情)”可知，拒绝不必要的事情可以空出时间去做重要的事，避免在不重要的事情上过度投入。A选项“这实际上可以防止过度承诺。”承接上文，符合题意，故选A项。
5. 根据上文“Self-care plays a vital role in time management. (自我照顾在时间管理中起着至关重要的作用)”及下文“By ensuring they maintain a healthy work-life balance, young adults can recharge their energy levels, improve focus, and increase productivity. (通过确保他们保持健康的工作与生活平衡，年轻人可以补充他们的能量水平，提高注意力，提高效率)”可知，本段主张自我照顾是时间管理中的重要一环，空处应承上启下，强调年轻人应该保证充足的休息，提升健康水平、维持工作与生活的平衡。G选项“青年应该重视适当的休息和促进他们健康的活动。”符合语境。故选G项。
Passage 4
(2024·江苏·二模)If you are trying to assess a person’s character, make sure you do not rely too heavily on factors that can be misleading. Instead, observe the individual’s ability to tell the truth and to commit. 1
You can tell a lot about a person’s character by observing how he treats other people. 2 It may be difficult to determine how he treats different types of people if you only encounter him in a single environment, such as the workplace. It is often possible, however, to get some idea of his manner of interaction with different types of people through conversation with him.
Whether or not a person is honest says a lot about his character. The attitude a person has about honesty can also indicate what type of person he is. 3 To some degree the types of lies he may tell and his motives for doing so matter.
4 The word “commitment” often causes people to instantly think of close relationships. Whether a person can respect the vows(誓约) and agreements is usually an indication of character.
A person’s character is affected by his attitude. 5 Attitude can affect many aspects of a person’s life, including how hard he works and his ability to be supportive of others.
When you are trying to assess someone’s character, remember that it consists of qualities and habits that form his identity.
A. More importantly, it’s necessary to continue his inner struggle.
B. The level of commitment indicates the type of character he has.
C. There are many other things in life that may require commitment.
D. This includes both people he knows and people he does not know.
E. Also, pay attention to his attitude and try to distinguish how it impacts his life.
F. Observe the person’s conversations and try to determine how often he tells lies.
G. Some people generally have a negative outlook while others may try to be positive even in difficult situations.
【答案】1. E 2. D 3. F 4. B 5. G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何评估一个人的性格，给出了具体的方法和建议。
1. 根据前文“If you are trying to assess a person’s character, make sure you do not rely too heavily on factors that can be misleading. Instead, observe the individual’s ability to tell the truth and to commit.(如果你试图评估一个人的性格，确保你不要过于依赖可能会误导人的因素。相反，观察一个人说真话和承诺的能力)”可知，此处在讲述应该通过哪些方面去评估一个人的性格，所以E项“Also, pay attention to his attitude and try to distinguish how it impacts his life.(同时，注意他的态度，并试着区分它是如何影响他的生活的)”符合此处主题，承接上文，讲述通过他的态度去评估一个人的性格。故选E项。
2. 根据前文“You can tell a lot about a person’s character by observing how he treats other people.(你可以通过观察一个人如何对待别人来了解他的性格)”可知，D项“This includes both people he knows and people he does not know.(这包括他认识的人和他不认识的人)”是对前句提及的“别人”的详细补充，符合文意。故选D项。
3. 根据前文“Whether or not a person is honest says a lot about his character. The attitude a person has about honesty can also indicate what type of person he is.(一个人是否诚实在很大程度上反映了他的性格。一个人对诚实的态度也可以表明他是什么类型的人)”可知，本段主要讲述了通过观察一个人是否诚实来评估他的性格，所以F项“Observe the person’s conversations and try to determine how often he tells lies.(观察这个人的谈话，试着确定他说谎的频率)”符合本段主题。故选F项。
4. 分析设空处，位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“The word “commitment” often causes people to instantly think of close relationships. Whether a person can respect the vows (誓约) and agreements is usually an indication of character.(“承诺”这个词通常会让人们立刻联想到亲密的关系。一个人是否能尊重誓言和协议通常是一个人性格的标志)”可知，本段主要讲述通过观察一个人是否能遵守承诺来评估一个人的性格，所以B项“The level of commitment indicates the type of character he has.(承诺的程度表明了他的性格类型)”符合本段主题，其中commitment为同词复现。故选B项。
5. 根据前文“A person’s character is affected by his attitude.(一个人的态度影响他的性格)”可知，本段主要讲述一个人对事物的态度会影响他的性格，所以G项“Some people generally have a negative outlook while others may try to be positive even in difficult situations.(有些人通常持消极态度，而有些人即使在困难的情况下也会努力保持积极态度)”是对前文的详细解释，符合文意。故选G项。
Passage 5
(2024·浙江金华·二模)Have you ever wondered why you want to do something, or what causes people to go
through extraordinary pain or personal investment just to achieve a particular outcome 1 Motivation.
Motivation is the reason for people’s actions, goals, and willingness to pursue the goals. Sometimes it seems difficult to find, but we all have that spark at our core. Here are some ways you can turn that spark back into a flame.
2 If your motivation is fading, notice when this starts to happen and what events could have driven it. You’ll find that you’re more likely to feel bored when you’re in certain environments. As you become more aware of this, you can put yourself in situations where you’re more likely to thrive.
Keep a thankfulness journal. 3 When they’re aware of what they’re thankful for, it drives them in specific areas of their lives. Considering this, you may find value in keeping a thankfulness journal where you regularly list blessings.
Design an accomplishment book. Creative people may do well to design an accomplishment book with images of past work and accomplishments as a form of encouragement. It can be as informal or formal as you’d like. It might be a simple scrapbook you keep at your desk, or a professionally printed booklet that you keep by your bed. 4
Get out of the house. If your life consists of going to work, coming home, watching Netflix, and going to sleep, you shouldn’t be surprised that you’re unmotivated. 5 Stretching yourself will expose you to new ideas, activities, and people, which will either strike up new motivation or rekindle things you have forgotten about.
A. What’s the possible solution
B. Identify when motivation slips.
C. What’s at the heart of this issue
D. Decide what works best for you and give it a try.
E. A thankfulness journal is a perfect way to show your gratitude to others.
F. Some people find that thankfulness and motivation are directly connected.
G. Make it a point to go outdoors and try new things even when you don’t want to.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. F 4. D 5. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了获得动机的几个方法。
1. 根据上文“Have you ever wondered why you want to do something, or what causes people to go through extraordinary pain or personal investment just to achieve a particular outcome ”( 你有没有想过为什么你想做某事，或者是什么让人们经历了巨大的痛苦或个人投资，只是为了达到一个特定的结果？)根据下文“Motivation”(动力)可知，选项在问一个问题，而下文是对上文的回答。故C选项“这个问题的核心是什么 ”切题。故选C项。
2. 根据下文“If your motivation is fading, notice when this starts to happen and what events could have driven it.”( 如果你的动力正在消退，注意这种情况何时开始发生，以及是什么事件导致了这种情况。)可知，要确定动机何时消失。故B选项“确定动机何时消失。”切题，为本段的标题。故选B项。
3. 根据下文“When they’re aware of what they’re thankful for, it drives them in specific areas of their lives.”(当他们意识到他们要感恩的东西时，它会驱使他们在生活的特定领域中前进。)可知，动机和感恩是相关联的。
故F选项“有些人发现感恩和动机是直接相关的。”切题。故选F项。
4. 根据上文“It might be a simple scrapbook you keep at your desk, or a professionally printed booklet that you keep by your bed.”( 它可能是你放在桌子上的一个简单的剪贴簿，或者是你放在床边的一本专业印刷的小册子。)可知，选项总结上文，说明要找到合适自己的，尝试一下。故D选项“决定什么最适合你，然后试一试。”切题。故选D项。
5. 根据下文“Stretching yourself will expose you to new ideas, activities, and people, which will either strike up new motivation or rekindle things you have forgotten about.”(伸展自己会让你接触到新的想法、活动和人，这要么会激发新的动力，要么会重新点燃你已经忘记的东西。)可知，选项鼓励人们要到户外尝试新的事物和想法。故G选项“即使你不想去，也要去户外尝试新事物。”切题。故选G项。
Passage 6
(2024·江苏·模拟预测)When we are faced with a crisis, or if we have an important decision to make, many of us fall into the trap of over-thinking. We may keep thinking about something constantly and too long. 1 How can we stop ourselves from over-thinking
Doing something to distract yourself is a good idea. You can find working with your hands is especially good. 2 Your brain simply doesn’t have the resources to split itself into a third activity, for example over-thinking.
3 Studies have shown that when someone views something in excitement and anxiety, the brain is forced to become stuck in the present because all of your senses are completely engaged. You do not have time to focus on something different, which can cause over-thinking.
Constant wishing, hoping and praying do not give you any relief. They just keep you stuck in one place. But taking the smallest step off the crisis really matters. It will set things in motion, making you like a snowball. 4
The traps are things that cause your natural ability to react without you realizing that there is a connection between the two. Thus, avoiding relevant traps is also a good idea. 5 For example, if one of your colleagues is so negative that she always drags you down, stop hanging out with her by having lunch alone at a nearby restaurant.
A. This mindset tends to ruin our day.
B. Put simply, out of sight, out of mind.
C. Just as a saying goes, once bitten, twice shy.
D. You are really getting your brain working for you.
E. Other activities are the ones that arouse your curiosity.
F. It engages your movement skills and thinking process.
G. Thus, you will gradually move yourself out of the feeling.
【答案】1. A 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲了一些阻止我们过度思考的方法。
1. 根据上文“We may keep thinking about something constantly and too long.(我们可能一直在想某件事，而且想得太久了)”和下文“How can we stop ourselves from over-thinking (我们怎样才能阻止自己过度思考呢？)”可知空格前后都是关乎over-thinking 这种心态，所以选项说明过度思考的不良影响，故A选项“这种心态往往会
毁了我们的一天”符合语境，故选A。
2. 根据前文“You can find working with your hands is especially good.(你会发现用手干活特别好)”和后文“Your brain simply doesn’t have the resources to split itself into a third activity, for example over-thinking.(你的大脑没有足够的资源把自己分成第三个活动，比如过度思考)”可以推断这里填的是动手的两方面，故F选项“它涉及你的运动技能和思维过程”符合语境。故选F。
3. 根据后文“Studies have shown that when someone views something in excitement and anxiety, the brain is forced to become stuck in the present because all of your senses are completely engaged. You do not have time to focus on something different, which can cause over-thinking.(研究表明，当一个人在兴奋和焦虑中看到某事时，大脑被迫陷入当下，因为你所有的感官都完全参与其中。你没有时间去关注不同的事情，这会导致过度思考)”可知，第三段整段，用兴奋、焦虑的态度看事情会抑制过度思考，兴奋对应E选项中的curiosity。且第二段doing something和E选项中的other对应上，故E选项“其他的活动会引起你的好奇心”符合语境。故选E。
4. 根据上文“Constant wishing, hoping and praying do not give you any relief. They just keep you stuck in one place. But taking the smallest step off the crisis really matters. It will set things in motion, making you like a snowball.(不断的希望、希望和祈祷并没有给你任何解脱。他们只会把你困在一个地方。但在危机中迈出最小的一步真的很重要。它会让事情动起来，让你像个雪球)”可以推断把事情拆成小步骤， 然后一点点滚雪球式完成， 故G选项“因此，你会逐渐摆脱这种感觉”突出一个 gradually逐渐，符合语境。故选G。
5. 根据前文“The traps are things that cause your natural ability to react without you realizing that there is a connection between the two. Thus, avoiding relevant traps is also a good idea.(陷阱是在你没有意识到这两者之间有联系的情况下，引起你的自然反应能力的事情。因此，避免相关的陷阱也是一个好主意)”和后文的例子远离负面情绪朋友，故B选项“眼不见心不烦”符合语境。故选B。
Passage 7
(2024江苏镇江高三下·阶段练习)Winter can cause damage to your skin, and it can feel like there’s no escape. 1 Happily, there are many ways to deal with dry skin and keep yourself comfortable.
Use a humidifier(加湿器) to increase humidity.
In the cooler winter months, a humidifier in your home or office will restore moisture to the air, helping to keep your skin hydrated(含水的).
Run a humidifier in your entire home or in rooms you spend the most time in, and aim to keep indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50 percent. 2 If you’re unsure of your home’s humidity levels, you can buy a humidity meter.
Keep thermostat(恒温器) temperatures cool and comfortable.
If you’re looking to escape dry, cold outdoor air, you are likely to turn on the heat as soon as you get home. 3 Try a cool yet comfortable setting to prevent your skin from drying further-the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology recommends 68 to 75 degrees F.
4
Long, steamy showers may sound like a great idea when it’s cold, but very hot water can dry out the skin. A
5-to 10-minute warm shower is less likely to worsen dry skin than a hot one.
You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema(湿疹). 5
If you still experience dryness, discomfort, and redness after trying these healthy skin tips, experts suggest using an over-the-counter I percent hydrocortisone cream or talking with your doctor.
A. Firstly, apply hand cream after each washing.
B. It’s quite unusual to find your skin red and dry in winter.
C. One option is to turn it on overnight while you’re sleeping.
D. Lower water temperatures for showering and hand-washing.
E. But high central heat can make the air in your house even drier.
F. Cooler water seems to be as effective and is more friendly to the skin.
G. Even the things that make winter wonderful, such as sitting by a roaring fire, can dry your skin.
【答案】1. G 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个在冬季也能处理皮肤干燥并保持舒适的方法。
1. 由上文“Winter can cause damage to your skin, and it can feel like there's no escape.(冬天会对你的皮肤造成伤害，而且感觉无处可逃。)”以及后文“Happily, there are many ways to deal with dry skin and keep yourself comfortable.(令人高兴的是，有很多方法可以处理皮肤干燥并保持舒适。)”可知，空前提到了皮肤在冬季可能会出现不舒服的感觉，空处后提到了处理皮肤干燥并保持舒服的方法。G项Even the things that make winter wonderful, such as sitting by a roaring fire, can dry your skin.(即使是那些让冬天变得美好的事情，比如坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，也会使你的皮肤干燥。)符合文意，该项提到了在冬季会让皮肤变得干燥的原因，引出后文中对抗皮肤干燥以及解决问题的方法，起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。
2. 由上文“Use a humidifier (加湿器)to increase humidity.(使用加湿器增加湿度)”可知，该段提到了加湿器能在一定程度上改善皮肤干燥的状况，再由上文“Run a humidifier in your entire home or in rooms you spend the most time in, and aim to keep indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50 percent.(在你的整个家或你呆的时间最长的房间里安装一个加湿器，目标是将室内湿度保持在30%到50%之间)”可知，加湿器可以将室内湿度保持在30%到50%之间。C项One option is to turn it on overnight while you're sleeping.(一种选择是在你睡觉的时候把它打开过夜)符合语境，其中it指代上文a humidifier，有承上作用。故选C项。
3. 由上文“If you’re looking to escape dry, cold outdoor air, you are likely to turn on the heat as soon as you get home. (如果你想逃离干燥、寒冷的室外空气，你很可能一回家就打开暖气)”可知，为了避寒可以打开暖气，E项But high central heat can make the air in your house even drier.(但是，高的中心热量会使你家的空气更加干燥。)符合语境，指出暖气会让皮肤干燥。故选E项。
4. 由下文“Long, steamy showers may sound like a great idea when it’s cold, but very hot water can dry out the skin. A 5-to 10-minute warm shower is less likely to worsen dry skin than a hot one.(在寒冷的时候，长时间的蒸汽淋浴听起来可能是个好主意，但热水会使皮肤变干。与热水淋浴相比，5到10分钟的温水淋浴不太可能恶化干燥的皮肤)”以及“You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure
to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema(湿疹). (你也应该避免用过热的水洗手。皮肤因暴露在热水或凉爽的冬季空气中而干燥会导致湿疹)”可知，这里主要讲避免长时间热水洗澡和用过热水洗手。D项Lower water temperatures for showering and hand-washing.(降低淋浴和洗手的水温。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用。故选D项。
5. 由上文“You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema (湿疹). (你也应该避免用过热的水洗手。皮肤因暴露在热水或凉爽的冬季空气中而干燥会导致湿疹。)”可知，这里主要讲避免用过热的水洗手，F项Cooler water seems to be as effective and is more friendly to the skin.(冷水似乎同样有效，对皮肤更友好)符合语境，其中Cooler water与上文excessively hot water to对应，有承上作用。故选F项。
Passage 8
(2024·河北沧州·一模)Even the most positive people have negative thoughts. It’s part of being human. But when negative thoughts become the norm, it isn’t healthy. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to change your negative thoughts into realistic thinking — seeing yourself, your relationships and world events as they really are.
Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life. 1 So, to promote realistic thinking, first you need to find out and listen to that inner voice. Being aware of those inner comments starts to help you take control of them.
2 Not every negative thought is “bad”. For example, “I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I’ll learn and it’ll get easier.” has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it’s important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.
Challenge your unhelpful thoughts. 3 Continuing with the work example, do you really hate your job or are you just anxious about the new project that you’ve been assigned
4 Now that you’re clear which thought is not helpful, you can replace it with one that is. Using the example from above, a more positive thought might be, “Once I get started on the new project I’m sure I’ll do fine. It’s just the anticipation that I don’t like.”
Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems. 5
A. Identify thoughts that aren’t helpful.
B. Plant positive thoughts in your mind.
C. Analyse what self-talk is the most beneficial.
D. But because it’s constantly running, we often forget it’s there.
E. These thoughts can consume your energy or cause physical problems.
F. To be more realistic, you need to question whether your thoughts are factual.
G. You need to continually return to it even when it feels natural to become negative.
【答案】1. E 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. G
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一些将消极想法转变为现实的想法的有效措施。
1. 根据上文“Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life.(监控你的自言自语。我们都有一个持续的对话在我们的脑海中运行，它影响我们如何看待我们的生活)”可知，本段建议监控自己的自言自语，它们会影响我们的生活，下文“So, to promote realistic thinking, first you need to find out and listen to that inner voice. Being aware of those inner comments starts to help you take control of them.(因此，为了促进现实思维，首先你需要找到并倾听内心的声音。意识到这些内心的评论开始帮助你控制它们)”说明要采取措施倾听内心的声音，并控制它们，因此推断E项“这些想法会消耗你的精力或导致身体问题。”符合语境,承接上文说明自言自语对生活的具体危害，同时引出下文要采取措施控制这些自言自语。故选E。
2. 空处为段落小标题，概况本段主旨。根据下文“Not every negative thought is “bad”. For example, “I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I’ll learn and it’ll get easier.” has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it’s important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.(并不是所有消极的想法都是“坏的”。例如，“我对我的工作感到压力和不安，因为我正在学习很多新东西，但是随着时间的推移，我会学习，它会变得更容易。”这是一个消极的方面，但它促进了积极的行动。因此，区分有益的想法和消极的想法是很重要的)”可知，本段讲述区分有益的想法和消极的想法，并非所有消极的想法都不好，用积极的想法取代那些消极的想法，因此推断项B“在你的脑海中植入积极的想法。”为最佳标题。故选B。
3. 根据标题“Challenge your unhelpful thoughts.(挑战你那些无益的想法)”可知，本段讲述要对抗无益的想法，下文“Continuing with the work example, do you really hate your job or are you just anxious about the new project that you've been assigned (继续以工作为例，你是真的讨厌你的工作，还是只是对分配给你的新项目感到焦虑？)”举例说明如何对抗无益的想法，因此推断F项“要更现实一点，你需要质疑自己的想法是否真实。”符合语境，说明如何挑战无益的想法，质疑是否属实，下文是对于这个想法是否属实的具体解释。故选F。
4. 空处为段落小标题，概况本段主旨。根据下文“Now that you’re clear which thought is not helpful, you can replace it with one that is. Using the example from above, a more positive thought might be, “Once I get started on the new project I’m sure I'll do fine. It’s just the anticipation that I don’t like.”(既然你清楚了哪个想法是没有帮助的，你就可以用一个有用的想法来取代它。用上面的例子，一个更积极的想法可能是，“一旦我开始新项目，我确信我会做得很好。我只是不喜欢这种期待。”)”可知，本段讲述识别那些没有帮助的想法，用有用的想法代替它。因此推断A项“识别那些没有帮助的想法。”为最佳标题。故选A。
5. 根据上文“Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems.(重复。现实的思考并不容易，尤其是当你还在处理焦虑、抑郁和其他问题的时候)”可知，要拥有现实的想法并不容易，需要不断地重复去练习，因此推断G项“你需要不断地回到它，即使你觉得变得消极是很自然的”符合语境，continually呼应repeat。故选G。
Passage 9
(2024·江苏连云港·二模)
Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness!
Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first 1 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself.
This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream. 2 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness.
There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 3 .
4 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.
An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 5 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.
A. It’s one thing to know your personality type.
B. It’s a great way to show that you care about others.
C. Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon.
D. Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations.
E. It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others.
F. But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing.
G. It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world.
【答案】1. C 2. G 3. F 4. D 5. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲了探索自己的内心世界对于自己的重要性，文章列举了一些探索自己内心世界方法，并解释了为什么这些方法可以带来更好的人际关系。
1. 根据上文“Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first (你是否发现关注自己被排在待办事项清单的最后，因为你觉得生活中的其他人都是第一位的？)”可知，上文提到生活中其他人都是第一位，故本句承接上文，说明没有给自己留时间。故C选项“给自己留点时间一直被人看不起”符合语境，故选C。
2. 根据上文“This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream.((关注自己)不仅仅是确定你最喜欢的衣服、发型或冰淇淋的味道)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出关注自己的真正含义。前一句的This isn’t just about identifying和G选项It’s about understanding构成句法上的转折关系。故G选项“这是关于了解你的内心世界，以及你如何适应外部世界”符合语境，故选G。
3. 根据上文“There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do.(有很多工具可以帮助你发展更深层次的自我意识，包括日记和其他形式的创造性表达。你可以使用指南来探索你的想法和感受，或者只是自由地写下任何想
到的东西。你想做什么由你自己决定)”可知，本段在陈述写日记能够更好地探索你的内心世界，但是仅仅专注于写日记就好， 不要去批判日记中自己的想法。此处的writing与F选项中journaling可以构成同义替换。故F选项“但是尽量不要陷入对你写作的批评或评判中”符合语境，故选F。
4. 根据后文“Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.(注意你对别人的反应，什么让你快乐，什么让你不快乐。这可以帮助你识别阻碍你前进的模式，比如缺乏安全感或容易生气。一旦你确定了这些模式，你就可以努力改变它们)”可知，上一段陈述了一种关注自己内心世界的方法，而本段则是在陈述另外一种方法，因此D选项中Another way is to符合并列的条件，且本句的意思也与后面的“关注自己在人际交往中如何反应”相符合。故D选项“另一种方法是观察你在不同情况下的行为”符合语境，故选D。
5. 根据上文“An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life.(自我发现的一个经常被忽视但非常重要的因素是在你的个人生活中有健康的界限)”以及后文“Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.(清楚地表达你的界限也是一种向别人表明你能控制自己的行为，并期望他们也能做到这一点的方式。这是成熟和尊重的标志，这两个特征是拥有健康关系的关键)”可知，前一句陈述要划定一个健康的人际关系界限，后一句则提及和别人划清界限意味着你能够很好地控制自己的行为并且也希望别人能够控制好自己的行为，这种行为能够既关注自己也关注别人，故E选项“它能让你专注于自己的需求，而不会忽视他人”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 10
(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)Psychologists offer their best tips for working or making progress as planned, expected, or desired. Here is their guide to making and keeping your plans.
Don’t assume that your plan has to be ambitious. “What’s much more important than setting a grand goal, like running a marathon, is to set an immediate plan that you can start right away,” says Charles Duhigg, the author of The Power of Habit. “ 1 But many people fail to realize this.”
Whether you are making a new habit from scratch or changing an old habit, decide on the cue and the reward. “The cue could be a time, a place, or a feeling, while the reward must be instantaneous(即时的),” explains Wendy Wood, an expert from the University of Southern California. 2 The prize needs to be immediate, something that makes the behavior fun.
Make it easy. A recent study showed that people who travelled 8 km to the gym went once a month, but people who travelled 6 km went five or more times a month. That 2 km makes the difference between having a good exercise habit and not. 3 Thus, you’re more likely to achieve more.
Be less critical of yourself. According to an expert, the biggest barrier to new habits is self-criticism. 4 Research shows that you should be kind or supportive to yourself.
5 Gretchen Rubin, the author of Better Than Before, says it is crucial to avoid listening to the excuses
that make your habits falter(动摇), for example, “I can’t go on a run tomorrow because I have to do another thing.” Recognizing them in advance can make them less powerful. That’s the thing about excuses when you realize you’re doing it, you’re much more likely to resist.
A. Spot your excuses.
B. People who do this tend to be rewarded.
C. Try to remove the barriers as best as you can.
D. Don’t buy a new pair of shoes at the end of the week.
E. It is related with less motivation and worse self-control.
F. That is how your habitual mind works and it has to be easy.
G. Start with baby steps like running half a mile every Monday morning
【答案】1. G 2. D 3. F 4. E 5. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了制定和执行计划的策略。
1. 根据空前的““What’s much more important than setting a grand goal, like running a marathon, is to set an immediate plan that you can start right away,” says Charles Duhigg, the author of The Power of Habit. (《习惯的力量》一书的作者查尔斯·杜希格说：“比设定一个宏伟的目标，比如跑马拉松，更重要的是制定一个你可以立即开始的计划。”)”可知，本空要说跟“立即开始的小目标”有关的话题，G项“Start with baby steps like running half a mile every Monday morning (从小步开始，比如每周一早上跑半英里)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
2. 根据上文的““The cue could be a time, a place, or a feeling, while the reward must be instantaneous (即时的),” explains Wendy Wood, an expert from the University of Southern California. (南加州大学的专家温迪·伍德解释说：“提示可以是一个时间、一个地点或一种感觉，而奖励必须是即时的。”)”和下文“The prize needs to be immediate, something that makes the behavior fun. (奖励必须是立竿见影的，能够让行为变得有趣。)”可知，本空要说跟“即时的奖励、立竿见影的奖励”有关的话题，D项“Don’t buy a new pair of shoes at the end of the week. (不要周末买一双新鞋。)”即买鞋不要等到周末，要即刻去买来奖励自己，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。
3. 根据上文的“Make it easy. A recent study showed that people who travelled 8 km to the gym went once a month, but people who travelled 6 km went five or more times a month. That 2 km makes the difference between having a good exercise habit and not. (让它变得简单。最近的一项研究表明，去健身房步行8公里的人每月只去一次，而步行6公里的人每月去5次或更多。这两公里的距离决定了你是否有良好的运动习惯。)” 可知，本空要说跟“习惯性思维”有关的话题，F 项“That is how your habitual mind works and it has to be easy. (这就是你习惯性思维的运作方式，它必须很容易。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
4. 结合上文“Be less critical of yourself. According to an expert, the biggest barrier to new habits is self-criticism. (少苛责自己。一位专家表示，养成新习惯的最大障碍是自我批评。)”可知，本空要说跟“苛责自己”有关的话题，E项“It is related with less motivation and worse self-control. (它与动力不足和自制力较差有关。)”能承接上文，符合语境，It指的是“苛责自己”。故选E。
5. 根据空后“Gretchen Rubin, the author of Better Than Before, says it is crucial to avoid listening to the excuses
that make your habits falter (动摇), for example, “I can’t go on a run tomorrow because I have to do another thing.” Recognizing them in advance can make them less powerful. That’s the thing about excuses when you realize you’re doing it, you’re much more likely to resist. (《比以前更好》一书的作者格雷琴·鲁宾说，重要的是不要听信那些让你的习惯动摇的借口，比如，“我明天不能去跑步，因为我还有别的事情要做。”提前识别它们可以使它们不那么强大。当你意识到你在找借口的时候，你就更有可能抗拒。)”可知，本空要说跟“借口”有关的话题，A 项“Spot your excuses. (找出你的借口)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选A。
02 人与自然--环境保护
Passage 1
(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common. 1 Why have people stopped mending their clothing Schools stopped offering home economics classes, technology boomed and fast fashion became increasingly popular. All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.
2 In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.
Why should you learn to mend 3 As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with. That means shopping for quality items that will stand the test of time, but also learning a few key skills so you can repair those items as needed rather than sentencing them to life in an already-overflowing landfill. It’s also helpful to customize(改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date. 4
Beyond the functional benefits, mending is about using what you have, embracing imperfections, fixing what’s broken, and rejecting the idea that new er is better. The other aspect of mending is mindfulness. 5 It’s meditative(冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying. And an added bonus: It’s sustainable.
If you are interested in sewing and mending, it is the perfect time to learn the new skill. which can especially have a positive impact on the world.
A. But all hope is not lost.
B. Because it is a means of making a living.
C. Mending is a great way to reject consumerism.
D. Buying secondhand goods makes it possible to be sustainable.
E. This way, you may find yourself upcycling pieces into ones that suit you.
F. At some point in the last few decades, though, it became something of a lost art.
G. You focus on the task at hand and use your creativity to make your clothes unique.
【答案】1. F 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了修补和缝纫衣服的好处。
1. 根据上文“Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common.(曾几何时，缝纫和缝补衣服是很常见的)”以及后文“Why have people stopped mending their clothing (为什么人们不再缝补衣服了？)”可知，本句与
上文构成转折，指出人们不再缝补衣服了。故F选项“然而，在过去几十年的某个时候，它成了一门失传的艺术”符合语境，故选F。
2. 根据上文“All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.(突然之间，修理东西比买新东西更不方便)”以及后文“In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.(在过去的几年里，人们对慢时尚的兴趣似乎越来越大——不仅是省钱，还有缝纫和修补。在互联网最令人愉快的角落之一，你会发现很多视频，展示从可见的修补到初学者的缝纫之旅)”可知，本句与上一段最后一句构成转折，指出在过去几年，人们又开始进行缝纫了，故A选项“但并不是所有的希望都破灭了”符合语境，故选A。
3. 根据上文“Why should you learn to mend (你为什么要学会缝补？)”以及后文“As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with.(正如任何一位生态专家都会告诉你的那样，你能做的最好的事情就是开始时少买)”可知，本句回答上文为什么要学会缝补的问题，结合后文提到少买，可知缝补可以避免太多消费。故C选项“缝补是拒绝消费主义的好方法”符合语境，故选C。
4. 根据上文“It’s also helpful to customize (改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date.(定制尺寸不合适或有点过时的二手物品也很有帮助)”可知，上文提到了修改尺寸或二手物品，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这么做的好处。故E选项“这样，你可能会发现自己把旧衣服升级成适合自己的衣服”符合语境，故选E。
5. 根据上文“The other aspect of mending is mindfulness.(修补的另一个方面是正念)”以及后文“It’s meditative (冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying.(这是一项沉思的、缓慢的工作。这是富有成效的，而且非常令人满意)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明修补可以产生正念的具体内涵，故G选项“你专注于手头的工作，用你的创造力让你的衣服与众不同”符合语境，故选G。
Passage 2
(2024江苏扬州高三上·期末)In the forest of New Mexico, scientists are carrying two ten-day-old Mexican wolf pups(幼崽) riding in a backpack, searching for a Mexican wolf pair that has just given birth to six pups. 1
Mexican wolves were extinct in the USA by the 1970s, but there was a plan to bring them back. The first step was to trap five wild Mexican wolves and breed them with two caged ones. In 1998, the first caged-born adult Mexican wolves were released into forests. 2 If animals have to pair up with family members, then their pups will have unhealthy genes, making them sick.
3 Let wild wolves adopt caged-born pups-that’s how these two pups end up in backpacks. While the adult wolves are out hunting, the scientists gently place the pups with their new brothers and sisters. They rub the caged-born and wild pups together, ever letting them pee(小便) on each other to mix their smells! 4 This result makes the scientists optimistic about the plan.
The idea is that the caged pups will grow up and breed with wild wolves. 5 Thanks to this ongoing work, 250 wild Mexican wolves wander Arizona and New Mexico today.
A. The scientists were content with it.
B. So the experts came up with a new plan.
C. The wolf parents only care for their own pups.
D. In this way their healthy genes will be passed down.
E. The population slowly grew, but scientists were still worried.
F. After that, the wolf parents won’t mind taking care of the new pups.
G. The wolf mum and dad don’t know it, but they’re about to adopt two more!
【答案】1. G 2. E 3. B 4. F 5. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述在墨西哥狼濒临灭绝的情况下，科学家通过不断完善的计划来改善现状。
1. 根据上文“In the forest of New Mexico, scientists are carrying two ten-day-old Mexican wolf pups (幼崽) riding in a backpack, searching for a Mexican wolf pair that has just given birth to six pups.(在新墨西哥州的森林里，科学家们背着两只10天大的墨西哥狼崽，寻找一对刚刚生下六只幼崽的墨西哥狼)”可知，上文提到科学家背着两只刚出生的狼崽，而下文特别是第三段讲述如何将圈养的狼崽送到野生狼崽中，让野生墨西哥狼接受并收养，但是狼爸和狼妈并不知道这情况。故G选项“狼妈妈和狼爸爸不知道，但他们即将再收养两只！”符合语境，故选G。
2. 根据上文“Mexican wolves were extinct in the USA by the 1970s, but there was a plan to bring them back. The first step was to trap five wild Mexican wolves and breed them with two caged ones. In 1998, the first caged-born adult Mexican wolves were released into forests.(到20世纪70年代，墨西哥狼在美国已经灭绝，但有一个将它们带回来的计划。第一步是捕获五只野生墨西哥狼，并与两只关在笼子里的狼一起繁殖。1998年，第一批在笼子里出生的成年墨西哥狼被放归森林)”以及后文“If animals have to pair up with family members, then their pups will have unhealthy genes, making them sick.(如果动物必须与家庭成员配对，那么它们的幼崽就会有不健康的基因，使它们生病)”可知，本段讲述科学家的第一个计划：通过野生的墨西哥狼和圈养的狼繁殖出第一只圈养的狼崽，并将其放生到森林中。再看下文，如果一直是近亲繁殖，会产生不健康的基因，导致疾病。可以看出该计划有一点的成效，但是仍有隐患。故E选项“种群数量缓慢增长，但科学家们仍然很担心”符合语境，故选E。
3. 根据本段内容“Let wild wolves adopt caged-born pups-that’s how these two pups end up in backpacks. While the adult wolves are out hunting, the scientists gently place the pups with their new brothers and sisters. They rub the caged-born and wild pups together, ever letting them pee (小便) on each other to mix their smells!(让野狼收养在笼子里出生的小狼崽——这就是为什么这两只小狼崽最后会被装进背包的原因。当成年狼外出狩猎时，科学家们轻轻地把幼狼和它们的新兄弟姐妹放在一起。他们把笼子里出生的幼崽和野生的幼崽揉在一起，甚至让它们互相撒尿来混合它们的气味！)”可以看出，科学家执行了另一个计划，特别是最后一句“This result makes the scientists optimistic about the plan.(这一结果使科学家们对该计划持乐观态度)”提到对该计划还是很乐观的，因此段首句应该是科学家想出了一个新计划。故B选项“所以专家们想出了一个新计划”符合语境，故选B。
4. 根据上文“They rub the caged-born and wild pups together, ever letting them pee (小便) on each other to mix their smells!(他们把笼子里出生的幼崽和野生的幼崽揉在一起，甚至让它们互相撒尿来混合它们的气味！)”可知，上句讲述科学家通过将野生和圈养狼崽相互摩擦和小便来混合它们的气味。结合下句“This result makes the scientists optimistic about the plan.(这一结果使科学家们对该计划持乐观态度)”可以看出该做法是有效的，推测圈养狼崽被接受了。故F选项“在那之后，狼父母不会介意照顾新的幼崽”符合语境，故选F。
5. 根据前句“The idea is that the caged pups will grow up and breed with wild wolves.(他们的想法是，这些被关在笼子里的幼崽将与野生狼一起长大并繁殖)”讲该计划的理念是让野生和圈养的狼崽一起长大并繁殖后代，可知，本句说明这么做的目的就是让健康的基因传递下去。故D选项“通过这种方式，他们健康的基因将被传递下去”符合语境，故选D。
Passage 3
(2024山东济宁高三上·期末)
Leave-No-Trace Camping
For those of us who love spending time in the great outdoors, wild spaces are very special. These are places we visit to recharge, or to fill our hearts with natural beauty. 1 If you feel this way, then you’re the perfect person to promote and practice Leave-No-Trace camping.
Its principles are to treat the wilderness the way a decent visitor would and leave everything just as you found it, with no evidence that you passed through. 2 That’s because your visit makes a minimal impact on the environment.
You can carry out these ideals in a number of ways. Begin by packing out all your litter. Whenever you go camping, take an empty trash bag with you and put all garbage into the bag. In addition, try not to damage vegetation. 3 Wherever you go, think about what your heavy shoes or boots are doing to the plants underneath and try to keep damage to a minimum.
It’s also important that you should not take things away from the wilderness. Rocks, plants, flowers and seashells are all part of the natural landscape. 4 Plus, many animals find homes and food in abandoned shells and flower-heads, and these are things they would miss if you collected them.
Leave-No-Trace camping is about being respectful and thoughtful. It’s about honoring the natural world and the creatures that live in it. If you love seeing an untouched mountain stream or a lovely field of wildflowers, then you’ve already taken the first step. 5
A. This means not stepping into a wild animal’s space.
B. This is also called “low impact” or “no impact” camping.
C. Once taken away, they won’t be there for others to enjoy.
D. An increasing number of people take up camping in the wilderness.
E. When you put up your tent, try to find a place that’s already bare of plants.
F. We hate to see them littered with rubbish or any reminders of previous visitors.
G. Follow these basic practices and you can be models of the Leave-No-Trace philosophy.
【答案】1. F 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了践行“不留痕迹”露营的注意事项。
1. 下文“If you feel this way, then you’re the perfect person to promote and practice Leave-No-Trace camping.(如果你有这种感觉，那么你就是推广和实践“不留痕迹”露营的最佳人选)”说明了一种条件，故上文需要指明“feel this way”是什么感觉，F项“We hate to see them littered with rubbish or any reminders of previous visitors.(我们不愿看到它们到处都是垃圾，也不愿看到任何提醒我们以前来过的人的东西)”照应下文“feel this way”，衔接恰当。故选F项。
2. 下文“That’s because your visit makes a minimal impact on the environment.(这是因为你的参观对环境的影响很小)”指明了一件事情的原因，B项“This is also called “low impact” or “no impact” camping.(这也被称为“低影响”或“无影响”露营)”中的“This”照应上文“Leave-No-Trace camping”，并与下文构成因果关系，因为你的参观对环境的影响很小，所以它又被称为“低影响”或“无影响”露营。故选B项。
3. 上文“In addition, try not to damage vegetation.(另外，尽量不要破坏植被)”说明露营时，要保护植被，E项“When you put up your tent, try to find a place that’s already bare of plants.(当你搭帐篷的时候，尽量找一个没有植物的地方)”用具体的事例说明如何做到不破坏植被，衔接恰当。故选E项。
4. 上文“It’s also important that you should not take things away from the wilderness. Rocks, plants, flowers and seashells are all part of the natural landscape.(同样重要的是，你不应该从野外拿走东西。岩石、植物、花朵和贝壳都是自然景观的一部分)”说明不应该带走野外生长的东西，C项“Once taken away, they won’t be there for others to enjoy.(一旦被拿走，别人就无法再那里欣赏到它们了)”衔接上文，说明带走野外生长的东西会导致的结果，“they”指代上文“Rocks, plants, flowers and seashells”，符合句意。故选C项。
5. 上文“If you love seeing an untouched mountain stream or a lovely field of wildflowers, then you’ve already taken the first step.(如果你喜欢看一条未受污染的山间溪流或一片美丽的野花，那么你已经迈出了第一步)”说明有欣赏自然之美的心就是实践“不留痕迹”露营的第一步，G项“Follow these basic practices and you can be models of the Leave-No-Trace philosophy.(遵循这些基本做法，你就可以成为践行不留痕迹露营的典范)”段尾句总结了全文内容，“these basic practices”指代上文提到的一切尊重和体贴大自然的举动，并照应开头“If you feel this way, then you’re the perfect person to promote and practice Leave-No-Trace camping.(如果你有这种感觉，那么你就是推广和实践“不留痕迹”露营的最佳人选)”符合句意。故选G项。
Passage 4
(2024高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习)The current population of oysters(牡蛎) is only a small part of their historic levels. 1 . To help maintain existing habitats, the state requires licenses for the harvesting of shellfish and controls where and when the harvesting activity can take place. South Carolina’s Department of Natural Resources has also planned to recycle and replant oyster shells.
2 . They serve as anchors to which babies can attach themselves. Returning shells to the state’s rivers ensures that any larvae(幼虫) looking for a home can find something to which they can be attached.
The critical nature of oysters in the ecosystem is difficult to overstate. Along the Atlantic shoreline of the United States, the Eastern Oyster is considered a foundation species. Oysters gather together as part of their natural
life cycle, forming reefs that provide the habitat for fish, crabs, and other small ocean creatures. 38 .
In addition to being the bedrock of many underwater communities, oysters also help maintain the cleanliness of South Carolina’s coastal waters. Dirty water comes in from the ocean and gets filtered by oysters. Water goes back out cleanly. 4 . Tourists want to go to beautiful and clean beaches, come out on boat trips, and see dolphins.
South Carolina is working hard to rebuild coastal reefs that will support and sustain future oyster populations. It’s worth keeping in mind that every shell removed from the river could be the base for the next year’s new oysters. 5 , it’s going to be a long time before we get enough recruitment (增长) in the oyster population to keep it sustainable.
A. Once we lose that natural shell base
B. These little tiny fish need somewhere to hide
C. Because it is important to recycle the oyster shells
D. Even the local tourism industry relies on this effect of oysters
E. The best place to settle is going to be where there are adult oysters
F. South Carolina is actively working to restore and sustain its wild oysters
G. Oyster shells, both live and dead, provide the main habitat for the next generation
【答案】1. F 2. G 3. B 4. D 5. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当前牡蛎的数量大量减少，鉴于牡蛎的作用，South Carolina寻求保护牡蛎的措施，以增长牡蛎数量。
1. 根据空后的“To help maintain existing habitats, the state requires licenses for the harvesting of shellfish and controls where and when the harvesting activity can take place.(为了帮助维持现有的栖息地，该州要求获得捕捞贝类的许可证，并控制捕捞活动的地点和时间。)”可知，为保护牡蛎的栖息地，某州作出了一些具体的要求；由the state可知，此空处应出现the state相关的内容，F选项“South Carolina is actively working to restore and sustain its wild oysters(南卡罗来纳州正在积极恢复和维持其野生牡蛎)”中的South Carolina为空后the state，且与空后内容吻合。故选F项。
2. 根据空后的“They serve as anchors to which babies can attach themselves. Returning shells to the state’s rivers ensures that any larvae (幼虫) looking for a home can find something to which they can be attached.(它们充当锚，牡蛎幼虫可以把自己固定在上面。将贝壳放回该州的河流中，可以确保任何寻找家园的幼虫都能找到可以依附的东西。)”可知，此处讲述的是贝壳对繁育后代的重要性，G选项“Oyster shells, both live and dead, provide the main habitat for the next generation(活的和死的牡蛎壳为下一代提供了主要的栖息地)”专题07 阅读理解七选五之方法策略10篇+环境保护6篇+文化4篇
(模考好题20篇)
一、概述
七选五阅读正文部分通常是一篇完整的文章，有五个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，均为完整句子，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考 察的深度和广度，考查学生句子和语篇两个层面的阅读能力和领悟能力，以及对整个语篇的衔接手段与连 贯性的洞察力。总之，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维 能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。
二、技巧点拨
1、如果空白处在段首，则答案通常是段落主题句，做题时，应认真阅读本段内容，概括段落大意，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
2、如果空白处在段中，段中的空白处多位于段落主题句之后，与上下文构成明显的逻辑关系：如常见的分述细化主题的并列关系、语义发生变化的转折关系，对上诉概念的解释说明、举例论证，这些句子起衔接上下文的作用，因此成为历年高考语篇考查的重中之重。
3、如果空白处在段尾，则答案通常是结论或概括性的语句。空白处前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。做题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，即空白处起前后两段过渡作用。
模拟演练
01 人与自我--方法/策略
Passage 1
(2024·河北沧州·一模)Thinking about adopting a healthy lifestyle Congratulations! There are so many reasons for adopting a healthy lifestyle. Here are some tips to help you get started with your new habits.
Before you begin, ask yourself some questions, what are your reasons for thinking about a healthier lifestyle 1 Your why should reflect your values and what’s important to you. Knowing your specific why will help you to not just get started, but will help keep you focused and motivated as it guides your journey.
Focus on behaviors, not results. 2 But switching your focus from outcomes to the new habits you’re creating and actions you’re taking is more beneficial. It’s actually some daily health-promoting behaviors that will create change and can lead to the health outcomes you desire.
3 Remember Rome wasn’t built in a day! And things like your eating habits, cooking skills, athletic abilities, and more won’t change overnight. This is also why you don’t need a long list telling you everything you need to stop doing. You just need to take the first step.
Remember it’s not all or nothing. A healthy lifestyle is never all or nothing. 4 So focus on eating foods and creating habits that make you feel good.
Can you do it forever One of the most important things to ask yourself when building healthy habits is, “Can you do it for life ” Sure, you could probably stick to a diet for a short period, but can you see yourself doing that forever 5
A. Start small and take steady steps.
B. Why is doing this important for you
C. Make a list of habits you want to build.
D. It’s okay to desire weight loss, or any other outcomes.
E. In a word, fasting is harmful and no one would like to do so.
F. If not, remember: temporary methods are equal to temporary results.
G. It’s about creating a healthy relationship with food and your body.
Passage 2
(2024·湖南·二模)
Hop on the Silent Walking Trend
Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations, focusing on the mind-body-nature connection. 1 That’s a slower, lower-impact way to relax and is great for fitness. Here’s everything you need to know about the trend.
Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses. For reaping the mental health benefits, it is recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. 2 Meanwhile, consciously observing the sights, sounds, smells, and physical sensations during the walk can significantly impact cognitive and emotional well-being.
To stimulate the mind, consider exploring different routes than usual. Without your favourite podcast or playlist, you might slip into boredom on your walk. 3 And it might even be good for your brain. Scientists applaud the virtues of boredom for brain health, believing that it boosts creativity and improves social connections. And if you do get bored, rest assured that it shows you’ve disconnected from external distractions. Go with it, and make sure you take a different route each time—it’ll keep you motivated.
Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes. If you’re usually a headphone wearer, it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes, but give yourself a second to adjust. Chances are, once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk, you’ll feel the magic kick in. 4
Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential. After completing a silent walk, take time to reflect upon any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights. 5 Journaling about the experience can also solidify connections between thoughts and ideas, providing a valuable tool for self-reflection and growth.
A. But being bored won’t hurt you.
B. Taking different paths can lead to exciting discoveries.
C. Adjusting the routine gradually can help ease into the experience.
D. You’ll also start noticing the little things around you more clearly.
E. They can deepen understanding and serve as a record of personal growth
F. Unlike exercise-oriented walking, it isn’t about reaching certain speed or steps
G. In such an environment, you can immerse yourself in the natural soundscape(音景).
Passage 3
(2024·山东·三模)Time is a valuable resource, especially for those who need to deal with academic demands, personal growth, and social activities at the same time. Effective time management not only leads to increased productivity, but reduces stress. 1 . Here are some strategies to help young adults master the art of time management.
Setting clear and achievable short-term and long-term goals is essential for youth. 2 They’ll also distribute time accordingly. Whether it’s studying for exams or pursuing personal interests, having well-defined goals provides a sense of direction. Meanwhile, importance levels of tasks can vary. By focusing on key tasks and minimizing time spent on unimportant ones, young adults can perfect their time management.
3 It makes efficient use of their time. Whether using a planner or a calendar app scheduling specific blocks of time for different activities, including study time, exercise, socializing, can lead to better time use.
Furthermore, learning to say no is a valuable skill for youth. With numerous opportunities and interests, it’s easy to become overwhelmed. By being selective about commitments, young adults can arrange their time and energy wisely. Saying no to non-essential activities frees up time for important tasks. 4 .
In the pursuit of personal success, young adults often find themselves caught up in a series of responsibilities and commitments. However, it’s essential for them to recognize that life shouldn’t be like this. Self-care plays a vital role in time management. 5 By ensuring they maintain a healthy work-life balance, young adults can recharge their energy levels, improve focus, and increase productivity. That way, they perfect time usage and pave the way for success.
A. That actually prevents over-commitment.
B. One should constantly review how time is spent.
C. It creates opportunities for personal development as well.
D. Developing a daily schedule helps young adults stay organized.
E. Putting things off constantly is a common time management project.
F. By knowing what they want to accomplish, they can prioritize their tasks.
G. Youth should value adequate rest and activities that promote their well-being.
Passage 4
(2024·江苏·二模)If you are trying to assess a person’s character, make sure you do not rely too heavily on factors that can be misleading. Instead, observe the individual’s ability to tell the truth and to commit. 1
You can tell a lot about a person’s character by observing how he treats other people. 2 It may be difficult to determine how he treats different types of people if you only encounter him in a single environment, such as the workplace. It is often possible, however, to get some idea of his manner of interaction with different types of people through conversation with him.
Whether or not a person is honest says a lot about his character. The attitude a person has about honesty can
also indicate what type of person he is. 3 To some degree the types of lies he may tell and his motives for doing so matter.
4 The word “commitment” often causes people to instantly think of close relationships. Whether a person can respect the vows(誓约) and agreements is usually an indication of character.
A person’s character is affected by his attitude. 5 Attitude can affect many aspects of a person’s life, including how hard he works and his ability to be supportive of others.
When you are trying to assess someone’s character, remember that it consists of qualities and habits that form his identity.
A. More importantly, it’s necessary to continue his inner struggle.
B. The level of commitment indicates the type of character he has.
C. There are many other things in life that may require commitment.
D. This includes both people he knows and people he does not know.
E. Also, pay attention to his attitude and try to distinguish how it impacts his life.
F. Observe the person’s conversations and try to determine how often he tells lies.
G. Some people generally have a negative outlook while others may try to be positive even in difficult situations.
Passage 5
(2024·浙江金华·二模)Have you ever wondered why you want to do something, or what causes people to go through extraordinary pain or personal investment just to achieve a particular outcome 1 Motivation.
Motivation is the reason for people’s actions, goals, and willingness to pursue the goals. Sometimes it seems difficult to find, but we all have that spark at our core. Here are some ways you can turn that spark back into a flame.
2 If your motivation is fading, notice when this starts to happen and what events could have driven it. You’ll find that you’re more likely to feel bored when you’re in certain environments. As you become more aware of this, you can put yourself in situations where you’re more likely to thrive.
Keep a thankfulness journal. 3 When they’re aware of what they’re thankful for, it drives them in specific areas of their lives. Considering this, you may find value in keeping a thankfulness journal where you regularly list blessings.
Design an accomplishment book. Creative people may do well to design an accomplishment book with images of past work and accomplishments as a form of encouragement. It can be as informal or formal as you’d like. It might be a simple scrapbook you keep at your desk, or a professionally printed booklet that you keep by your bed. 4
Get out of the house. If your life consists of going to work, coming home, watching Netflix, and going to sleep, you shouldn’t be surprised that you’re unmotivated. 5 Stretching yourself will expose you to new ideas, activities, and people, which will either strike up new motivation or rekindle things you have forgotten about.
A. What’s the possible solution
B. Identify when motivation slips.
C. What’s at the heart of this issue
D. Decide what works best for you and give it a try.
E. A thankfulness journal is a perfect way to show your gratitude to others.
F. Some people find that thankfulness and motivation are directly connected.
G. Make it a point to go outdoors and try new things even when you don’t want to.
Passage 6
(2024·江苏·模拟预测)When we are faced with a crisis, or if we have an important decision to make, many of us fall into the trap of over-thinking. We may keep thinking about something constantly and too long. 1 How can we stop ourselves from over-thinking
Doing something to distract yourself is a good idea. You can find working with your hands is especially good. 2 Your brain simply doesn’t have the resources to split itself into a third activity, for example over-thinking.
3 Studies have shown that when someone views something in excitement and anxiety, the brain is forced to become stuck in the present because all of your senses are completely engaged. You do not have time to focus on something different, which can cause over-thinking.
Constant wishing, hoping and praying do not give you any relief. They just keep you stuck in one place. But taking the smallest step off the crisis really matters. It will set things in motion, making you like a snowball. 4
The traps are things that cause your natural ability to react without you realizing that there is a connection between the two. Thus, avoiding relevant traps is also a good idea. 5 For example, if one of your colleagues is so negative that she always drags you down, stop hanging out with her by having lunch alone at a nearby restaurant.
A. This mindset tends to ruin our day.
B. Put simply, out of sight, out of mind.
C. Just as a saying goes, once bitten, twice shy.
D. You are really getting your brain working for you.
E. Other activities are the ones that arouse your curiosity.
F. It engages your movement skills and thinking process.
G. Thus, you will gradually move yourself out of the feeling.
Passage 7
(2024江苏镇江高三下·阶段练习)Winter can cause damage to your skin, and it can feel like there’s no escape. 1 Happily, there are many ways to deal with dry skin and keep yourself comfortable.
Use a humidifier(加湿器) to increase humidity.
In the cooler winter months, a humidifier in your home or office will restore moisture to the air, helping to keep your skin hydrated(含水的).
Run a humidifier in your entire home or in rooms you spend the most time in, and aim to keep indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50 percent. 2 If you’re unsure of your home’s humidity levels, you can buy a humidity meter.
Keep thermostat(恒温器) temperatures cool and comfortable.
If you’re looking to escape dry, cold outdoor air, you are likely to turn on the heat as soon as you get home.
3 Try a cool yet comfortable setting to prevent your skin from drying further-the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology recommends 68 to 75 degrees F.
4
Long, steamy showers may sound like a great idea when it’s cold, but very hot water can dry out the skin. A 5-to 10-minute warm shower is less likely to worsen dry skin than a hot one.
You should also avoid using excessively hot water to wash your hands. Dry skin from exposure to hot water or cool winter air can cause an eczema(湿疹). 5
If you still experience dryness, discomfort, and redness after trying these healthy skin tips, experts suggest using an over-the-counter I percent hydrocortisone cream or talking with your doctor.
A. Firstly, apply hand cream after each washing.
B. It’s quite unusual to find your skin red and dry in winter.
C. One option is to turn it on overnight while you’re sleeping.
D. Lower water temperatures for showering and hand-washing.
E. But high central heat can make the air in your house even drier.
F. Cooler water seems to be as effective and is more friendly to the skin.
G. Even the things that make winter wonderful, such as sitting by a roaring fire, can dry your skin.
Passage 8
(2024·河北沧州·一模)Even the most positive people have negative thoughts. It’s part of being human. But when negative thoughts become the norm, it isn’t healthy. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to change your negative thoughts into realistic thinking — seeing yourself, your relationships and world events as they really are.
Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life. 1 So, to promote realistic thinking, first you need to find out and listen to that inner voice. Being aware of those inner comments starts to help you take control of them.
2 Not every negative thought is “bad”. For example, “I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I’ll learn and it’ll get easier.” has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it’s important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.
Challenge your unhelpful thoughts. 3 Continuing with the work example, do you really hate your job or are you just anxious about the new project that you’ve been assigned
4 Now that you’re clear which thought is not helpful, you can replace it with one that is. Using the example from above, a more positive thought might be, “Once I get started on the new project I’m sure I’ll do fine. It’s just the anticipation that I don’t like.”
Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems. 5
A. Identify thoughts that aren’t helpful.
B. Plant positive thoughts in your mind.
C. Analyse what self-talk is the most beneficial.
D. But because it’s constantly running, we often forget it’s there.
E. These thoughts can consume your energy or cause physical problems.
F. To be more realistic, you need to question whether your thoughts are factual.
G. You need to continually return to it even when it feels natural to become negative.
Passage 9
(2024·江苏连云港·二模)
Discovering Your True Self Is Vital to Happiness!
Have you found focusing on yourself is at the bottom of the to-do list, because you feel everyone else in your life comes first 1 Now is exactly the perfect time to get to know yourself in order to understand yourself.
This isn’t just about identifying your favorite outfit, haircut or flavor of ice cream. 2 It’s an opportunity for personal growth that can help you make better choices for your wellbeing and lifelong happiness.
There are many tools to help you develop a deeper sense of yourself, including journaling and other forms of creative expression. You can use a guided journal to explore your thoughts and feelings or just free write whatever comes to mind. It’s up to you what you want to do. 3 .
4 Take note of how you respond to people, what makes you happy, and what makes you unhappy. This can help you identify patterns that are holding you back, such as feeling insecure or being easily angered. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can work to change them.
An often overlooked yet very important factor in self-discovery is having healthy boundaries in your personal life. 5 Clearly communicating your boundaries is also a way to show others that you are in control of your own behavior and can expect the same from them. This is a sign of maturity and respect, two characteristics that are key to having healthy relationships.
A. It’s one thing to know your personality type.
B. It’s a great way to show that you care about others.
C. Taking time for ourselves has been looked down upon.
D. Another way is to observe your behavior in different situations.
E. It allows you to focus on the needs of yourself without ignoring others.
F. But try not to get caught up in the criticism or judgment of your writing.
G. It’s about understanding your inner world and how you fit into the outer world.
Passage 10
(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)Psychologists offer their best tips for working or making progress as planned, expected, or desired. Here is their guide to making and keeping your plans.
Don’t assume that your plan has to be ambitious. “What’s much more important than setting a grand goal, like running a marathon, is to set an immediate plan that you can start right away,” says Charles Duhigg, the author of The Power of Habit. “ 1 But many people fail to realize this.”
Whether you are making a new habit from scratch or changing an old habit, decide on the cue and the reward. “The cue could be a time, a place, or a feeling, while the reward must be instantaneous(即时的),” explains Wendy Wood, an expert from the University of Southern California. 2 The prize needs to be immediate,
something that makes the behavior fun.
Make it easy. A recent study showed that people who travelled 8 km to the gym went once a month, but people who travelled 6 km went five or more times a month. That 2 km makes the difference between having a good exercise habit and not. 3 Thus, you’re more likely to achieve more.
Be less critical of yourself. According to an expert, the biggest barrier to new habits is self-criticism. 4 Research shows that you should be kind or supportive to yourself.
5 Gretchen Rubin, the author of Better Than Before, says it is crucial to avoid listening to the excuses that make your habits falter(动摇), for example, “I can’t go on a run tomorrow because I have to do another thing.” Recognizing them in advance can make them less powerful. That’s the thing about excuses when you realize you’re doing it, you’re much more likely to resist.
A. Spot your excuses.
B. People who do this tend to be rewarded.
C. Try to remove the barriers as best as you can.
D. Don’t buy a new pair of shoes at the end of the week.
E. It is related with less motivation and worse self-control.
F. That is how your habitual mind works and it has to be easy.
G. Start with baby steps like running half a mile every Monday morning
02 人与自然--环境保护
Passage 1
(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)Once upon a time, sewing and mending clothes was common. 1 Why have people stopped mending their clothing Schools stopped offering home economics classes, technology boomed and fast fashion became increasingly popular. All of a sudden, it’s more inconvenient to fix something than it is to buy something new.
2 In the past few years, it seems there’s been growing interest in slow fashion—not only saving, but also sewing and mending. On one of the most pleasant corners of the internet, you’ll find lots of videos showcasing everything from visible mending to beginner sewing journeys.
Why should you learn to mend 3 As any eco expert will tell you, the best thing you can do is buy less to begin with. That means shopping for quality items that will stand the test of time, but also learning a few key skills so you can repair those items as needed rather than sentencing them to life in an already-overflowing landfill. It’s also helpful to customize(改制) secondhand items which might not be exactly the right size or a little out of date. 4
Beyond the functional benefits, mending is about using what you have, embracing imperfections, fixing what’s broken, and rejecting the idea that new er is better. The other aspect of mending is mindfulness. 5 It’s meditative(冥想的), slow work. It’s productive, and deeply satisfying. And an added bonus: It’s sustainable.
If you are interested in sewing and mending, it is the perfect time to learn the new skill. which can especially have a positive impact on the world.
A. But all hope is not lost.
B. Because it is a means of making a living.
C. Mending is a great way to reject consumerism.
D. Buying secondhand goods makes it possible to be sustainable.
E. This way, you may find yourself upcycling pieces into ones that suit you.
F. At some point in the last few decades, though, it became something of a lost art.
G. You focus on the task at hand and use your creativity to make your clothes unique.
Passage 2
(2024江苏扬州高三上·期末)In the forest of New Mexico, scientists are carrying two ten-day-old Mexican wolf pups(幼崽) riding in a backpack, searching for a Mexican wolf pair that has just given birth to six pups. 1
Mexican wolves were extinct in the USA by the 1970s, but there was a plan to bring them back. The first step was to trap five wild Mexican wolves and breed them with two caged ones. In 1998, the first caged-born adult Mexican wolves were released into forests. 2 If animals have to pair up with family members, then their pups will have unhealthy genes, making them sick.
3 Let wild wolves adopt caged-born pups-that’s how these two pups end up in backpacks. While the adult wolves are out hunting, the scientists gently place the pups with their new brothers and sisters. They rub the caged-born and wild pups together, ever letting them pee(小便) on each other to mix their smells! 4 This result makes the scientists optimistic about the plan.
The idea is that the caged pups will grow up and breed with wild wolves. 5 Thanks to this ongoing work, 250 wild Mexican wolves wander Arizona and New Mexico today.
A. The scientists were content with it.
B. So the experts came up with a new plan.
C. The wolf parents only care for their own pups.
D. In this way their healthy genes will be passed down.
E. The population slowly grew, but scientists were still worried.
F. After that, the wolf parents won’t mind taking care of the new pups.
G. The wolf mum and dad don’t know it, but they’re about to adopt two more!
Passage 3
(2024山东济宁高三上·期末)
Leave-No-Trace Camping
For those of us who love spending time in the great outdoors, wild spaces are very special. These are places we visit to recharge, or to fill our hearts with natural beauty. 1 If you feel this way, then you’re the perfect person to promote and practice Leave-No-Trace camping.
Its principles are to treat the wilderness the way a decent visitor would and leave everything just as you found it, with no evidence that you passed through. 2 That’s because your visit makes a minimal impact on the environment.
You can carry out these ideals in a number of ways. Begin by packing out all your litter. Whenever you go camping, take an empty trash bag with you and put all garbage into the bag. In addition, try not to damage
vegetation. 3 Wherever you go, think about what your heavy shoes or boots are doing to the plants underneath and try to keep damage to a minimum.
It’s also important that you should not take things away from the wilderness. Rocks, plants, flowers and seashells are all part of the natural landscape. 4 Plus, many animals find homes and food in abandoned shells and flower-heads, and these are things they would miss if you collected them.
Leave-No-Trace camping is about being respectful and thoughtful. It’s about honoring the natural world and the creatures that live in it. If you love seeing an untouched mountain stream or a lovely field of wildflowers, then you’ve already taken the first step. 5
A. This means not stepping into a wild animal’s space.
B. This is also called “low impact” or “no impact” camping.
C. Once taken away, they won’t be there for others to enjoy.
D. An increasing number of people take up camping in the wilderness.
E. When you put up your tent, try to find a place that’s already bare of plants.
F. We hate to see them littered with rubbish or any reminders of previous visitors.
G. Follow these basic practices and you can be models of the Leave-No-Trace philosophy.
Passage 4
(2024·江苏扬州高三上阶段练习)The current population of oysters(牡蛎) is only a small part of their historic levels. 1 . To help maintain existing habitats, the state requires licenses for the harvesting of shellfish and controls where and when the harvesting activity can take place. South Carolina’s Department of Natural Resources has also planned to recycle and replant oyster shells.
2 . They serve as anchors to which babies can attach themselves. Returning shells to the state’s rivers ensures that any larvae(幼虫) looking for a home can find something to which they can be attached.
The critical nature of oysters in the ecosystem is difficult to overstate. Along the Atlantic shoreline of the United States, the Eastern Oyster is considered a foundation species. Oysters gather together as part of their natural life cycle, forming reefs that provide the habitat for fish, crabs, and other small ocean creatures. 38 .
In addition to being the bedrock of many underwater communities, oysters also help maintain the cleanliness of South Carolina’s coastal waters. Dirty water comes in from the ocean and gets filtered by oysters. Water goes back out cleanly. 4 . Tourists want to go to beautiful and clean beaches, come out on boat trips, and see dolphins.
South Carolina is working hard to rebuild coastal reefs that will support and sustain future oyster populations. It’s worth keeping in mind that every shell removed from the river could be the base for the next year’s new oysters. 5 , it’s going to be a long time before we get enough recruitment (增长) in the oyster population to keep it sustainable.
A. Once we lose that natural shell base
B. These little tiny fish need somewhere to hide
C. Because it is important to recycle the oyster shells
D. Even the local tourism industry relies on this effect of oysters
E. The best place to settle is going to be where there are adult oysters
F. South Carolina is actively working to restore and sustain its wild oysters
G. Oyster shells, both live and dead, provide the main habitat for the next generation
Passage 5
(2024·江苏无锡·一模)A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think. Think, and then act. We need to take action on our dependence on plastic. We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities. Drinking bottles, shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic. 1 What happens to all the rest This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.
The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale. But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean. 2 In total, they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film.
In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life. 3 We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean. The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.
4 In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.
They present short-term and long-term solutions. These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling as much as you can. The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.
We make a shocking amount of plastic. Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans. The results are disastrous, but it isn’t too late to change. 5
A. This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas.
B. Once you’ve seen the film, you’ll realize it is time to do our part.
C. It has raised public concern all over the world.
D. We live in a world full of plastic, and only a small amount is recycled.
E. But the film doesn’t only present the negative side.
F. In conclusion, we only have one earth to live on.
G. These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish.
Passage 6
(2024·山东济南·一模)A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 1
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 2 After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. 3 That means harmful material may get into our food supply.
4 Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic,
recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.
The report also calls on panies to improve methods for using plastics. 5 And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.
A. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.
B. But people can make a big difference.
C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused.
D. Then, fish may eat the plastics.
E. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.
F. It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.
G. The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.
03 人与社会—文化
Passage 1
(2024·江苏南京·二模)Once a year in a small mountain village, the Mande people gather to hear the folk stories of their traditions. The man playing an instrument called Sosso-Bala while singing is the storyteller. He holds all the folk knowledge of the Mande people.
Most of us don’t have a musical instrument that ties us together, but we have someone in our lives who’s the keeper of our folk knowledge. Often it’s a grandmother, who keeps all our stories of wisdom ready to tell upon request. 1 . What’s the best way to get a baby to sleep Where do I come from What’s my moral compass The stories provide an answer, and it’s useful to speak with someone who knows how things are done.
2 Researchers have documented folk knowledge in other species whales returning to parts of the sea that they’d abandoned a generation before; monkeys that communicate hunting skills to their offspring (后代). Folk knowledge is not only culture, it’s also survival. 3
Traditionally, we share it in small units—families sharing around a dinner table. 4 Look at any social median, and you’ll see folk knowledge at work and at play. It’s exploded as we’re trained to look for information online, rather than from within. In this case, chances are that our questions can be answered with misinformation.
But we don’t gather once a year to reality check our “folk stories” as the Mande people do; nor do we center our folk traditions around a musical instrument. The internet has no reality except its own and, left unchecked, its wisdom has no rhythm(节奏). 5
A. It’s just chaos.
B. This is why we do it.
C. Human wisdom has been passed down through generations.
D. The stories can be useful for dealing with all sorts of doubts.
E. Nowadays, folk knowledge has expanded to digital networks.
F. Now the internet has made valuable folk wisdom at your fingertips.
G. Recently, we discovered that this very human practice isn’t limited to humans.
Passage 2
(2024湖南长沙高三下·阶段练习)In the eras before air-conditioning, southern China’s skywells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool. Could they do it again today
Ru Ling loves spending time in skywells. To her, these courtyards of old Chinese houses are the perfect place to be on a hot and humid day. “ 1 ” says Ru.
From 2014 to 2021, Ru lived in a century-old home in the village of Guanlu in eastern China’s Anhui Province. She moved there for a change of life after living and working in air-conditioned buildings for many years. Ru says that the house’s skywell helped to create this cooling effect. 2 Studies have found that the temperatures inside some of the skywells in southern China are significantly lower than the outside.
In today’s China, fewer and fewer people live in houses with skywells. 3 But a revival of interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some historic buildings with skywells to be restored for modern times. 4
A skywell is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, a skywell is smaller and less exposed to the outdoor environment. 5 It is either surrounded by rooms on four sides or three sides plus a wall. Some large houses have more than one skywell.
A. Skywells can help keep the houses cool.
B. Air-conditioned flats are the main form of homes.
C. Meanwhile, some architects are drawing inspiration from skywells and other traditional Chinese architectural features to help keep new buildings cooler.
D. Although a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always located in the core of a house.
E. While skywells are common in many regions, only the rich can afford to build houses with them.
F. And she’s not alone in praising the benefits of skywells, in hot weather.
G. They are airy, cool, and well-shaded.
Passage 3
(2024江苏泰州高三上·阶段练习)Professor Zhu Yunxia, an award-winning researcher and educator at the University of Queensland and has an international reputation in cross-cultural management and strategy, believes that anyone can learn to overcome cultural barriers with the right approach. She offers the following suggestions.
Be prepared for surprises.
One country might contain different cultures—China, for example, is composed of 56 ethnic groups—and within these, people may act in different ways in different contexts and with different groups of people. 1
2
While speaking the language is not necessary to understand the culture, it is important to know basic greetings and courtesies(客气话) for social interaction such as “hello” and “thank you”. These everyday phrases and rituals(礼节) are entry points which allow you to access the culture. People will also appreciate that you have made the effort.
Learn to “make strange”.
In day-to-day life, we tend to take many of our own customs and behaviors for granted without recognizing
that these might appear odd from others’ point of view. 3
Use a “cultural bridge”.
The customs of another culture can be too strange or too foreign to understand. 4 “Cultural bridges” are people whose knowledge enriches our own and who can help us understand what’s going on. Having arrived as a Chinese student, Dr. Zhu has spent over 20 years in Australia but still sometimes seeks a second opinion from her daughter who was brought up here and occasionally calls up old friends for advice in China.
Don’t focus on yourself.
5 Instead of giving in to thoughts such as “I’m a stranger in a foreign land” or “Nobody talks to me”, try to forget yourself and focus on others. By taking a more positive approach, you can even find ways to use cultural differences to your advantage.
A. Learn the“cultural grammar”.
B. Consequently, wait for the unexpected.
C. Develop and expand cooperative awareness.
D. Sometimes an “insider” can help us to bridge the gap.
E. Be open-minded and always try to aim for a win-win situation.
F. Being too self-conscious can harm your ability to interact and learn.
G. Learn to look at situations with fresh eyes, starting with our own culture.
Passage 4
(2024广东湛江高三上·开学考试)When Chinese people think of wushu, what often comes to mind is wuxia novels, a kind of historical novel that involves wushu warriors. 1 . For example, the characters may have superhuman strength or the ability to fly. They may also be able to focus their inner spiritual strength and send it through the air, knocking people over or breaking down walls.
2 . However, by far the most popular author in this genre(文体) was Zha Liangyong(1924-2018) who used the pen name Jin Yong and sold over 300 million books worldwide. His novels have also been translated into many languages and some have been made into movies and TV series.
3 , and then he goes off to learn wushu. After becoming a wushu master, the hero begins travelling the jianghu, fighting evil wherever it may be found. Eventually, the main character proves to be an example of justice, kindness, courage, loyalty, truth, and honesty. 4 , which refers to a person who holds back the strong and helps the weak. Through hardship, self-discipline and a well-known teacher, one can be a wushu master. However, he coming a wuxia hero, one should always bear xia in mind. A wuxia hero always puts friends, his people, and his country first. 5 . Through superior martial arts skills pus fiends, qualities he and his fellows save the day.
A. Wuxia stories most often take place in the jianghu
B. Central to the idea of the wuxia hero is the concept of xia
C. Most often, there are some fantastic elements to these novels
D. Wuxia has a long literary history dating back as far as Sima Qian
E. As a master storyteller, he wove fact and fiction in a fantastic way
F. And he is willing to battle to help those in need and make a better society
G. Typically, wuxia stories begin with a hero who experiences personal trouble
