人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and expressions 课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
Unit 1
Language Points(1)
fiction n.
小说
science fiction 科幻小说
historical/romantic/realistic fiction
fictional adj.
虚构的，小说中的
fictional character
历史/言情/现实主义小说
虚构的人物
test out
检验；测试
The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
try out
set out (to do sth.)
turn out
give out
carry out
work out
wear out
大学生们将对电脑程序进行测试，看看有没有漏洞。
试用；测试；测验
出发；开始（做某事）
证明是；结果是
分发；用完
贯彻；执行；实施
计算出；解决；锻炼
穿破；耗尽；使厌烦
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
test sb. on sth. 在...(知识)方面测试某人
test sth. on. sb./sth. 在...身上做...实验
put sb./ sth. to the test 使……受考验/受检验
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
V
V
n
bonus n. 意外收获; 奖金; 红利
year-end bonus
more like
更像是；更接近
less like
something like
nothing like
There is nothing like...
有点像
丝毫不像；绝对不
没有比...好的
(1)He seemed more like a human than a machine.
Social robots are more like companion than tools.
be more like A than B 更像是A而不是B
(2)社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具
不像
ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的
It is ridiculous\absurd to do ...
做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的
It is ridiculous\absurd that ...
...是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的
ridiculously adv. 荒唐地;荒谬地;
adj.
adv.
dignity [ d ɡn ti]: n. 庄重; 庄严; 尊严
with dignity: 有尊严地；庄严地
1.This award must be shared with everyone who strives for justice and dignity.
2.The robot always treated her with dignity.
为...努力/奋斗
appointment
1)She made an appointment for her daughter to see the doctor.
2)I have an appointment with my boss.
3)His appointment is a complete surprise --- he is just a civilian.
appointment n. 预约; 约会; 委任
keep/make an appointment 守约/预约
have an appointment with… 和…约会 (办事情等)
have a date with… 和…约会 (情人之间)
appoint v.任命; 委任; 约定
appoint sb to be/as... 任命某人为
appoint sb to do sth. 委派某人做某事
appointed adj. 约定的
动
形
Exercises
1.Kate________________as secretary last month. Now she is making an______________with the marketing manager.(appoint)
2. If you are invited to dinner, you are supposed to arrive no later than the ___________(appoint) time.
3.A new engineer was appointed_________(deal) with the products returned by customers.
was appointed
appointment
appointed
to deal
nail n. 指甲/趾甲; 钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢; 固定
nail polish
nail clipper
I nailed the sign to a tree.
saleswoman n. 女售货员; 女推销员
salesman n. 男售货员; 男推销员
guilty adj. 内疚的; 有罪的; 有过失的
be/feel guilty about/at/for... 对...感到内疚/惭愧
be guilty of　　　 　　 犯有……罪
guilt n. 内疚; 犯罪; 罪行
innocence n. 天真; 单纯; 无罪
innocent adj. 天真无邪的; 无辜的; 无恶意的
名
反
suspend v.悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓
悬索桥，又名吊桥(suspension bridge)
推特安全账户2021年1月8日晚发文称：“在仔细审查特朗普账户最近发布的推文以及这些推文的背景后, 我们已永久停封(suspend)该帐户。”
suspend vt. 悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓
1)The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems.
2)A lamp/fan is suspended from the ceiling.
=A lamp/fan hangs from the ceiling.
3)The body was found suspended by a rope.
suspend sth from... 从……悬挂某物
suspend sb from sth 暂缓某人做某事
suspension n.悬浮;暂缓
in suspension 暂停中;悬浮中
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The athlete is appealing against his (suspend).

(3)Bob was suspended his office because he was accused of taking bribes贿赂.
suspension
from
对...提起上诉
8. suspend vt. 悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓
hang v. 吊; 悬挂 (hung) (用主动表被动)
stop v. 使停止; 停下; 停止
halt v/n. 停止，停下
pause v.暂停; 停顿
delay v. 延迟; 延期; 推迟
postpone v.延迟; 延期
put off 推迟; 拖延
同
①The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting.
②Let's not just dismiss the idea before we think about it.
③As a consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you.
解散
解雇，开除
__________
__________
__________
不予考虑
dismiss
Tom______________________for dishonesty last month.
上个月汤姆因不诚实而被解雇。
was dismissed from his job
dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开; 解散; 解雇;消除;不考虑
dismiss the class 下课
dismiss sb. from one's post/position
免去某人的职务
因...解雇某人
消除某人的恐惧/担忧
hire/employ sb 雇用某人
反
dismiss/fire sb for...
dismiss one’s fear/worries
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you _______ your position.
2) __________ (dismiss) her fears and encouraged by his words, she climbed higher.
3) The professor ________ (dismiss) the class early because she had a meeting.
from
Dismissing
dismissed
Exercises
declare vt. 表明; 宣称; 公布
declare war on… 向…宣战
declare for\against... 表明赞成（拥护）\反对
declare sb. (to be/as)… 宣布某人为…
declaration n.宣称；宣布；公告
announce v. 宣布; 宣告; 通知; 声称; 宣称
claim v. 宣称; 声称; 索取
n
同
Exercises
1.The moment Linda______________(declare)the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
2.As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make a____________(declare ) of what we had seen.
3.The teacher declared Wang Fei_______(be) monitor of the class.
was declared
declaration
to be
whereas conj. 然而;但是;尽管
while conj. 然而
but conj. 但是
yet conj. 然而,但是
however adv. 然而; 但是
nevertheless adv. 然而,不过
1.Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
2.The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.
3.Depite smallness, it's surprisingly spacious宽敞的.
although conj. 虽然/尽管
though conj. 虽然/尽管
even if/though 虽然;即使
despite prep. 即使;尽管
in spite of
rumour n谣言,传闻
start/spread a rumour
制造╱散布谣言
Many of the stories are based on rumours.
这些说法很多都是道听途说。
(1)It is presumed that从句 “人们认为...”
(2)presuming/assuming (that)+句子 “假如; 假定”...
eg.
1.Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.
2.Presuming/Assuming he is absent, what shall we do
presumption n.
假设/定
presume vt. & vi.
假设/假定; 认为
Presuming/
Assuming/
conj.假设
on a ... basis
根据;以…的方式(基准)
on a daily or weekly basis 以每天或每周的方式
on a regular basis 定期
eg.
1.The workers get paid on a daily/weekly basis.
2.The truck is checked on a regular basis.
basis n. (pl.bases) 基础;基本原则或原理
base vt. 以...为基础
n.根基;底部;基础;基地
basic adj.基础的；基本的
kilogram/kilo [ k l ɡr m]/[ ki: l ]
n. 千克; 公斤
ton [t n]: n. 吨
pound: n. 磅
(1 pound = 0.454 kilograms )
by the gram/kilogram/ton:
以克/千克/吨为单位
香蕉按公斤售卖。
Bananas are sold by kilogram.
gramme/ɡram [ɡr m] : n. 克(重量单位)
相关词
常用搭配
foreign [ f r n]:
adj. 外国的; 外来的; 陌生的
foreigner [ f r n ]: n. 外国人
alien environment: 陌生的环境
alien culture: 异域文化
alien [ e li n]: n. 外星人(生物); 外国人
adj. 陌生的; 外星的; 外国的
常用搭配
同义词
a blurred image/picture(photo)/ memory:
模糊的形象/照片/记忆
blurred [bl d]: adj. 模糊不清的; 难以区分的
常用搭配
superior adj.
更好的; 占优势的; (在级别/重要性上)更高的
(be) superior to... 比…更好; 更胜一筹
eg.1.新一代智能机在功能上大大优于旧一代。
2.他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。(分词作状语)
inferior adj.下级/等的；差的；
be inferior to 比...更差/级别更低
be senior to 比...年长/职位高
be junior to 比...年幼/职位低
The new generation of smartphones is greatly superior to the older version in function.
He is arrogant, always thinking he is superior to others.
In Sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻电影中，机器人经常变得更强，更占上风。
退休时，他的长子接管了农场。
When he retired, his eldest son took over the farm.
take over
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手；
take up 拿起；占据；开始从事
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take off 脱下；起飞；突然成功
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take advantage of 利用
inaction n.
无行动; 不采取措施
inactive adj.不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的
action n. 行动[U]; 行为[C]
take action(s) to do sth.
conflict with
与...冲突或抵触
①A conflict with B
②A be in conflict with B
eg.
1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。
2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。
Their dreams conflict with the cruel reality.
I am in conflict with my parents on/about/over which major to choose.
(on/about/over sth.)
A与B(在某事上)冲突；矛盾
The longer people have been ______ (employ), the harder it is for them to compete in the labour market.
unemployed
Leather bag
A lever is a handle or bar that ______ (attach) to a piece of machinery and which you push or pull in order to operate it.
is attached
panel 仪表盘
backward(s) adv.
向后;倒着;往回
forward(s) adv.向前
upward(s) adv.向上
downward(s) adv.向下
eastward(s) adv.向东
westward(s) adv.向西
backward(s) and forward(s) 来来回回
eg.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语）
Losing my balance, I fell backwards.
The home team took a firm grip on the game.
I was totally gripped by the story.
take a firm grip on... 牢牢控制...
The frightened child gripped its mother's hand.
紧抓; 紧握=hold firmly
吸引（某人）的注意力
Hazy weather conditions are those in which things are difficult ______ (see), because of light mist, hot air, or dust.
to see
fetch vt.
(去)拿来; (去)请来
bring v. 带来
take v. 带走
turn out
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
eg.(1)Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.
turn out + adj./to be.../that从句 结果是；证明是
eg.He got his first book published. It turned out (to be) a bestseller.
你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。
他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。
pace
n. 速度; 步伐; 节奏
vt. & vi. 确定速度; 调整节奏
at a ... pace/speed 以...的速度
at a/the speed/pace of… 以...的速度
单词短语
fall away
（逐渐）减少；消失
As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.
fall off 下落;从……摔下
fall down 跌倒
fall behind 落后；跟不上
fall back 后退，撤退，退却
单词短语
division
n. 分开，分隔，差异，除(法)
divide v.分开; 分隔
divide...into... 把...分成...
e.g. Ddivide the class into several groups.
urge
n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
vt. 催促；力劝；主张
(1)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb. to do sth.
= urge sb into doing sth.
催促某人做某事
(3)It's urged that... 极力主张...
urgent adj.
紧急的；急迫的
urgency n.
紧迫；急迫
【语境应用】完成句子。
Our teacher ___________________ (要求我们努力学习) with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
2) I _____________ (我强烈想要) help people out when they’re in trouble.
3) I make an ________ (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
4) There happens to be a particular ________ (urgent) in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules.
urges us to study hard
have an urge to
urgent
urgency
random adj.
随机的; 不可思议的
a random sample 随机抽样
at random 随意; 随机; 胡乱
randomly adv.
随机; 随意; 未加计划地
i.e. We received several answers, and we picked one at random.
maximum
adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量; 最大限度
minimum adj. 最小的; 最低的; 最低限度的
n. 最低限度; 最小值; 最少量
单词短语
explode vi. & vt.
爆炸; 爆破
explosion n. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂声
explosive adj. 爆炸性的; 爆发性的
n.炸药; 爆炸物
e.g. He was driving so fast that his car tyre exploded. (翻译)
他的车开得太快导致爆胎。
stun vt.
使震惊; 使昏迷
stunned adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的
stunning adj. 令人震惊的/惊愕的
mud n.
泥; 泥浆
muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的
Thank you