外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of Science Developing ideas 课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
The world of science - developing ideas
Book 3 Unit 3
Who is he
Benjamin Franklin
What did he do
He helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution（宪法）.
《the Declaration of Independence》
独立宣言
apart from 除了...
be known as 作为...而文明
PART.02
Benjamin Franklin
Founding Fathers of the US Declaration of Independence leading author, printer, publisher, diplomat, scientist and inventor.
He is undounbtedly important to Americans.
What made him famous
Read Learning to learn and answer the questions.
What is the feature of an essay title
What do you usually know from an essay title
focus on
集中注意力于...
PART.02
FRANKLIN’S
EXPERIMENT:
How Much Is True
How do you describe this picture
What is the weather like
What is the taller man doing
What are the objects circled
PART.02
According to the title, what do you think this passage is mainly about
According to the title, do you think Franklin’s experiment is true or not
Read the title and discuss the questions.
How
Much
Is
True
PART.02
What is the text mainly about
A. The story of Franklin's experiment is true or not.
B. The aim of Franklin's experiment.
C. The procedure of Franklin's experiment.
D. The effect of Franklin's experiment.
Careful reading
1. What’s the author’s attitude towards Franklin’s experiment
A. skeptical B. optimistic C. critical D. positive
Read Para.1 and answer the questions.
2. Underline a supprting sentence in Para.1
Read Para.2 and fill in the experiment report.
Experiment The kite lightning experiment
Aim
Material
Procedure
Conclusion Lightning was a form of electricity.
A kite with a string and a metal key
First, Franklin flew a kite with a string and a metal key.
Then, when a flash of lightning hit the kite, electricity was conducted through the string to the key.
Finally, touching the key, Franklin got an electric shock.
To test if lightning was really produced by electricity.
Read Para.3-5 and answer the question.
Find out changes of people’s attitudes towards Franklin’s experiment.
2. Number the statements .
Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration is still considered an inspiration.
People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin's experiment.
Scientists question what really happened in Franklin's experiment.
PART.02
Begin
Then
Final
People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin’s experiment.
Scientists question what really happened in Franklin’s experiment.
Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration is still considered an inspiration.
6 Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting
than the truth. People have been more inspired
by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration
than by the facts themselves. But in science,
facts should be proved by experiments and
research, and we should not always believe
everything we read or hear – even if it is a
great story.
Read Para.6 and get more detailed information.
How
Much
Is
True
PART.02
What’s the purpose of the passage
A．Tell us a funny story.
B．Tell us a story of a great scientist.
C．Tell us that we shouldn’t always believe everything we read or hear.
D．Tell us lightning is really produced by electricity.
Para.1
Introduction
Para.2
What is the experiment
Para.3-5
People’s attitudes have changed over years.
Para.6
Conclusion
true: Franklin’s experiment did take place. The detail about the string and the key is true.
untrue: What really happened is questioned. Maybe Franklin didn’t touch the key because he would centainly have died from the electric shock.
What may be true and untrue in Franklin’s experiment respectively各自、分别地 Why
PART.02
Think & share
1. Do you think it matters that Franklin’s experiment might not be true Why
It depends. Although the experiment is not true, it amazed us by Franklin’s bravery, his scientific approach to looking for the truth and his spirit ofscientific exploration .
However, for the development of science, experiments must be based on facts.
eg :
2.What is your opinion about the statement陈述
“...we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story”
Think & share
eg. Sometimes a really great story may not be true, and we need to have critical thinking.
3.What qualities do you think a great scientist should have
observant
brave
objective
persistent
curious
devoted
imaginative
...
Think & share
4.In what ways do scientists contribute to society
Think & share
Firstly, scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.
Secondly, the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our life span.
Thirdly, scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
THANKS
1. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
他除了是一位成功的政治家外，还是一位杰出的美国作家、印刷商和出版商、成功的外交官、富有创造力的科学家和发明家。
e.g. We didn't see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.
Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.
apart from: except for 除……以外
as well as 除……以外（还）; 此外
apart from, in addition to/ besides与except
易混词(组) 用法 例句
apart from “除了……(还)”，当指“包括在内”时相当于besides，当指“不包括在内”时相当于except (for) Apart from the ending, it’s really a good film.
in addition to/ besides “除了……之外”，强调除这些之外还包括其他 She understands French besides/ in addition to English.
except “除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，其后可接that/ when引导的从句 He gets up early every day except Sunday.
【语境应用】选词填空。
1) Some people choose jobs for money, while other people choose jobs for reasons _____________ (besides/ except) money these days.
2) The sun is shining bright, and the wind feels soft. Everything is perfect ______________ (apart from/ besides) the traffic jam.
3) _____________________________ (apart from/besides/in addition to) Li Hua, eight students are going to take part in the sports meeting to be held this Friday.
besides
apart from
Apart from/Besides/In addition to
2. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.
然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，不是事实。
e.g. Can we recycle the paper instead of dumping it
Let's play cards instead of watching television.
instead of: in place of；rather than 而不是，代替后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。
instead of与instead
易混词(组) 用法 例句
instead of 介词短语，后面一般接名词(短语)、代词、动名词(短语)作宾语 Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.
instead 副词，单独使用 Mr Wang is ill. Mr Li will take his place instead.
【语境应用】选词填空：instead与instead of
1) He decided that he would drive all the way home ____________ putting up at a hotel for the night.
2) Jack didn’t have noodles for lunch. ___________, he had rice and fish.
instead of
Instead
3. The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752.
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。
that 引导的表语从句，that只起引导作用，在从句中不做成分。
fly a kite 放风筝
4. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it.
他在风筝上面系了一根绳子，把风筝放上天。
本句中 “with+ 宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构作定语，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词-ing形式（表主动进行）、动词-ed形式（表被动完成）、动词不定式（表将来）等。这种结构常在句中常用作状语，表示伴随情况或行为方式等。
with a piece of string tied to it是“with+宾语+宾语补足语” 的复合结构，该结构作定语，修饰the kite，动词过去分词短语tied to it作宾语补足语。
e.g. The man with his arms crossed on his chest is the headmaster of our school.
双臂交叉在胸前的那个人是我们学校的校长。
Our teacher came in with a book in his hand.
我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。
I have to go to bed with nothing to do.
由于没有什么事情可以做，所以我只好上床睡觉。
The city lies in a valley with high mountains around it.
这座城市位于一个由高山环抱的山谷中。
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I lived in the house with its door ________ (face) to the south.
2) Lisa was punished by her mother because she went out to play without her homework ________ (finish).
facing
finished
仿写下列句子。
1) 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
2) 有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去了。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
I can’t go out with so many dishes to wash.
5. A metal key was attached to the string.
细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。
attach v. to fasten, join or connect; to place or fix in position
系; 绑; 贴; 固定; 连接; 附上
to consider sth have that quality 认为……有（重要性、价值、意义等）
e.g. The hospital is attached to the famous medical school.
We need to attach great importance to protecting our environment.
attach to 把……系在……上，把……附在……上
attach great importance/significance/value to 重视
attached adj. 依恋；依附于
be attached to 附属于；依恋/ 爱慕……
attachment n. 连接；附属物，附件；依恋，爱慕
e.g. He is so attached to the network games that he often missed the classes.
Infants may form attachments to any caregiver.
Please find my application letter and resume (简历) in the attachment.
attach, join与connect
词条 用法 例句
attach “系上；缚上；附加；连接”，指把局部接在整体上面、小的接在大的上面、活动的接在固定的上面 We used paste to attach our designs to the poster.
join “连接，联结”，侧重把原来不相连的物体紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开；也指把分散的人联合起来，或加入某团体中去 It has a dormer roof joining both gable ends.
connect “连接，联结”，指使两事物在某一点上相连接，二者有联系但彼此又保持独立；有时可与join替换使用 Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the tap.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
I will attach a document __________ the letter. Please
sign it and mail it back to me as soon as possible.
用attach, join与connect的适当形式填空。
1) The opened link is used to __________ the two ends of the chain(链条).
2) I cannot __________ the two things in my mind.
3) A horse was __________ to a post.
to
join
connect
attached
approach n. a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法, 途径
movement towards or near to something
靠近; 接近
6. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
数代的学生都叹服于他的勇气和寻找真理的科学方法。
an approach to (doing) sth ……的方法；通往……的道路
at the approach of… 在接近……的时候
the approach of… ……的来临
approach v. to move towards or nearer to someone or something
走近，靠近，接近
to begin to deal with a situation or problem
对付，处理
e.g. The hunter was curiously approaching, but we still can’t
decide where to go.
It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.
e.g. As the final exam approaches, we are busy preparing for it.
They are trying to find new approach to solving their conflicts.
At the approach of the interview, he became rather nervous and upset.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The best approach to _________ (build) up your body is to do exercise every day.
2) The approach _________ winter brings cold weather.
3) We have found a new approach _________ the study of English.
4) Many kinds of birds fly south _________ the approach of winter.
building
of
to
at
approach, way, means, method与manner
词条 用法
approach 指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法或态度，常见于短语the approach to sth/ doing sth中
way 使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中，常见于in this way, the way to do sth, the way of doing sth等短语中
means 指实现目的的任何手段，或采用某种交通工具，常见于by means of等短语中
method 指有条理的、系统的方法，特别指新的方法，常见于短语the method of (doing ) sth中
manner 指特殊的或独特的方式、方法，与行为、动作有关
7. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动后来的科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
当主语后有along with引导的短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。
that 引导的宾语从句，作taught的直接宾语。
in order to establish the truth和to contribute towards …是and连接的两个并列目的状语。
8. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place. More than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
虽然已经证明富兰克林的实验发生了，但是不止一个科学家对实验真相提出了质疑。
e.g. When does your wedding take place
The general strike took place in 1923.
take place: to happen, to occur, especially after previously being arranged or planned (根据计划或安排)发生
take place, happen, occur, break out 与come about
词条 用法
take place 表示按照事先的安排或计划发生、进行，多指运动、变化、进步、会议或婚礼等
happen 指某事偶然发生，常带有未能预见的意思；
happen to常用来表示“遭到；遇到”
occur “发生；想起”Sth occurs to sb (=It occurs to sb that …) “某人突然想起某事”
break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等“突然爆发”
come about “发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么发生；常用于疑问句和否定句中，多与how连用
e.g. The disaster occurred/ happened at midnight, when most
people were sleep.
So something bad happened to many people. Although an
emergency rescue took place, yet some people were killed.
Do you know how the car accident came about
take the place of 代替(动词短语)
take one’s place 代替某人；就座
in place of 代替(介词短语)
in place 在正确位置；准备妥当
由place构成的其他短语
【语境应用】用happen, take place, occur, come about与break
out的适当形式填空。
1) The idea ______________ to him in a dream last night.
2) Great changes have ______________ in our city during the past ten years.
3) How did that situation ______________
4) A big fire ______________ last night.
5) A bad accident ______________ to that family.
occurred
taken place
come about
broke out
happened
9. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
有个故事讲了牛顿的头被一个掉落的苹果砸中了，这让他提出了(万有) 引力定律。有些科学家甚至质疑这个故事(的真实性)。
come up with: to think of, to offer or to produce 想出或提出 (主意、计划、方案等)
e.g. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
put up with 容忍
catch up with 赶上
keep up with 跟上
end up with 以……结束
make up with 与……和好
“动词+up with”型的其他短语
【语境应用】用come up with, put up with, keep up with与
end up with的适当形式填空。
1) My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to ______________ advances in science.
2) The party held yesterday ______________ a song.
3) It is surprising that he could ______________ such a perfect idea to improve the work.
4) I can’t ______________ her any more because she never stops complaining.
keep up with
ended up with
come up with
put up with
10. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰好砸在了他的头上。
account n. a written or spoken description that says what happens in an event or process 叙述，描写
an arrangement in which a bank keeps your money safe 账户
引导宾语从句
引导让步状语从句
引导同位语从句
give sb. an account of 向某人描述……
on account of 由于……
take account of =take …into account 考虑到，顾及
open/close an account 开立/结清账户
e.g. I hope my teacher will take account of the fact that I was
ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
On account of his youth, he was not allowed to take the
senior course.
【语境应用】选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。
1) Flights were delayed two hours _____________ the thick fog.
2) The boy was asked _______________ his being late again.
3) We finally ________________ his suggestion.
account for 解释, 说明……的原因
account v. to give a satisfactory explanation 解释；说明
took account of
on account of
to account for
account for, on account of, take account of
e.g. Can you account for your movements on that night
Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.