Unit 2 Great people 知识点梳理与习题 牛津译林版九年级英语下册（含解析）

U2 Great people
Comic Strip
Who do you think is the greatest person in history
do you think在句中做插入语时，句中用陈述语序
hear of=hear about 听说 hear from 收到某人的来信
invent(vt.) - inventor发明家/invention发明 (n.)
区分：invent 发明、创造（从无到有）=create
discover 发现 （原来就有）
Welcome to the unit
词汇：composer/explorer/inventor/president/scientist/writer
South Africa n.南非-South African n.南非人 举一反三： Italy-Italian Russia-Russian
the pioneer of China’s space technology programme 中国太空技术项目的先锋
a fighter for the rights of black Africans 一位为非洲黑人权利而奋斗的战士
fight for/against 为……而奋斗/为反对……而奋斗 （举一反三：vote for/against ...）
all one’s life 一生，众生
create over 1,000 inventions 创造了1000多项发明
one of the first Europeans to discover America 首批发现美洲大陆的欧洲人之一
a composer of classical music 一位古典音乐作曲家
a great writer of English literature 一位英国文学的伟大作家
提建议：
(1)Why don’t you ... /Why not ... /Shall we + do原形
(2)Let’s/You should/You’d better + do原形.
(3)What about/How about + doing
(4)Would you like/Do you want + to do.
Reading
the first man to walk on the Moon 首位漫步月球的人
become/be interest in ... =take/have an interest in ... 对……感兴趣
receive students pilot’s licence 获得学生飞行员许可证
take one’s first flight 首飞
at the age of ... 在……岁时=at ...=when ... is/was ...
join the navy 加入海军
serve as a pilot 作为一位飞行员服役
become a test pilot 成为一个试飞院
test all types of aircraft 测试各种类型的航空器
be chosen to become an astronaut 被选拔成为一名宇航员
go into space as command pilot of Gemini 8 作为“双子座8号”宇宙飞船飞行指挥进入太空
manage to do 成功做某事
join two spacecraft together for the first time in space 首次将两个航天器交会对接
spin out of control 快速旋转，失去控制
receive the order to cut the flight short 接到缩短航程的指令
bring the spacecraft down into the western Pacific Ocean 将宇宙飞船降落到西太平洋
together with ... 和……一起（主语看前面）
举一反三：with/but/except/as well as/including/besides/...
land the spacecraft on the Moon 将宇宙飞船降落到月球上
One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. 个人一小步，人类一大步。
step out onto the surface 踏上月球表面
collect Moon rocks to take back to the Earth for further research 采集月球岩石带回地球做进一步研究
because of his excellent service 因为他的出色的表现
be presented with the Medal of Freedom 被授予自由勋章
the highest award that a US citizen can receive 一个美国公民可获得的最高奖项
the pride of the whole world 整个世界的骄傲
allow：be allowed to do 被允许做某事 对应主动形式：allow sb. to do allow doing
Grammar
one after another 接连，一个接一个 VS one another 互相（=each other）
work on 继续工作
have a day out 外出一天
shop online 在网上购物
search (sp.) for sth. 搜索……以获取……
on the Internet 在网上=online
at a certain time 在某一时间 某：some/certain
the whole night 整晚
a website about travelling in space 一个关于太空旅行的网站
read passages on the website 在网站上阅读文章
(passage 文章，段落 passenger 乘客 message 信息)
talk to sb. on the phone 和……通电话
make a (great) difference to ... 对作出改变/产生影响
in ancient times 在古代
use salt to keep fish or meat for a longer time 用盐以更长久地保存鱼或肉
go bad （食物）变质
go wrong=be broken 出故障
the invention of fridge 桥的发明
with the invention of the washing machine 随着洗衣机的发明
with the help/support of ...在……的帮助/支持下
wash clothes by hands 手洗衣服
in the old days 在古代=in ancient times
travel by ship 乘船旅行
make journeys more comfortable 使旅行更舒适
Integrated Skills
study Mathematics and Physics at a university 在一所大学学习数学和物理
marry a French scientist called Pierre Curie 嫁给了一个名叫皮埃尔居里的法国科学家
discover radium in their laboratory 在他们的实验室发现了镭
win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the discovery of radium 因为发现镭元素而获得诺贝尔
during their lifetime 在他们的一生中
a science professor 一位科学教授
move to Paris, France 搬到法国巴黎
the discovery of radium 镭的发现
admire him the most 最钦佩他 admire sb. for sth. 因为……钦佩某人
It was brave of him to ... 他很勇敢去……
be known to humans（对象）/by humans（施动者）/for sth.（原因）/as ... （身份）
push for the use of X-ray machines 推动X光机器的使用
be widely used 被广泛使用
be widely believed/considered/thought/spoke/used/known/...
Study Skills
informal language formal language
对象 friends teachers or unfamiliar people
Greetings Hi/Hello Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms ... Ladies and gentlemen
Endings Lots of love/Yours /
Idioms 洗浴 have a big mouth 嘴不严 in the soup 陷入麻烦 cup of tea 最爱 believe it or not 信不信由你 /
Abbreviations缩写词 esp. / Dec. /
Contradictions缩略形式 we’ll/ he’d/ can’t /
Task
father of hybrid rice 杂交水稻之父
title 头衔、标题
a rice scientist 一位水稻科学家
work as a teacher in an agricultural school 在一所农业学校里任教
after graduating from college 在大学毕业之后
die of hunger 死于饥饿
begin research into hybrid rice 开始对杂交水稻的研究
sb. happen to do 某人碰巧做某事 VS sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
find a natural hybrid rice plant 发现一株自然杂交水稻
have many advantages over others 相对于其它有很多优势
develop a new type of hybrid rice plant 研发一种新型杂交水稻
produce 20% more rice per unit than other common kinds 比其它常规品种单位面积增产20%
be introduced into the USA 被引入到美国
at present 目前
have grown hybrid rice 已经种植杂交水稻
make a contribution to ... 对……做贡献
increase rice production by 20%-30% 水稻产量增加20%-30%
the research and development of better rice plants 对更好的水稻稻株的研究和培育
solve the problem of hunger 解决饥饿问题
I think Yuan Longping, a rice scientist and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering（同位语）, is one of the greatest people that have ever lived（限制性定语从句）.
He is considered the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
consider/think/find sb. (to be/as) sth.
After nearly ten years of hard work, he and his team finally developed a new type of hybrid rice plant, which produced 20 % more rice per unit than other common kinds. （非限制性定语从句）
That’s why I admire him so much. (名词从句之表语从句)
同步练习
一、单项选择
1. —Sherry looks upset. What’s wrong with him
—Well, everyone has one of those days when ________ goes right.
A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Sherry看起来有点悲伤。他怎么了？——嗯，每一个人都有诸事不顺的几天。
考查不定代词。everything每件事情；nothing没什么事情；something某事；anything任何事。根据“Sherry looks upset.”可知，后面是表示原因。根据“goes right”可知，横线上应是一个否定词，表示没什么进行顺利。故选B。
2. It’s amazing that Mother’s Day is ________ the same day as my mum’s birthday this year.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，今年的母亲节和我妈妈的生日是同一天。
考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节；on在某一天；at在某时刻；for为了。根据“the same day”可知是具体某一天，用介词on。故选B。
3. —Shall we visit Nanjing Brocade Museum this weekend The clothes there are different from ________.
—Of course, hanfu has become a fashion around the world.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这个周末我们去参观南京织锦博物馆好吗？那里的衣服和我们的不一样。——当然，汉服已经成为世界各地的一种时尚。
考查代词辨析。us我们，宾格；we我们，主格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。根据“The clothes there are different from”可知那里的衣服和我们的不一样，空后无名词，此处用名词性物主代词。故选D。
4. The government plans to add more green spaces to improve our living ________ like building over 400 pocket parks by 2025.
A. space B. environment C. methods D. cost
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：政府计划增加更多的绿色空间来改善我们的生活环境，比如到2025年建造400多个口袋公园。
考查名词辨析。space空间；environment环境；methods措施；cost花费。根据“The government plans to add more green spaces to improve our living...”可知，“to improve our living...”指的是改善生活环境，符合语境。故选B。
5. There are many old sayings requiring us to be ________, such as “the early bird catches the worm” and “Practice makes perfect”.
A. generous B. confident C. hard-working D. organized
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：有很多俗语要求我们努力工作，比如“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”和“熟能生巧”。
考查形容词辨析。generous慷慨的；confident自信的；hard-working努力的；organized有条理的。根据“the early bird catches the worm”可知这句谚语是告诉人们要努力。故选C。
6. The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023.
A. was invited B. were invited C. has been invited D. have been invited
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手被邀请在2023年的春节联欢晚会上表演。
考查动词时态辨析和主谓一致。根据“at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023”可知，时态应为过去时，且主语为“The famous magician”第三人称单数，此处遵循“就远原则”，且为被邀请，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故用was invented。故选A。
7. Zhang Guimei has sent nearly 2000 girl students to colleges around China ________ she opened the school in 2009.
A. when B. after C. until D. since
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：张桂梅自2009年开办学校以来，已将近2000名女生送到全国各地的高校。
考查连词辨析。when当……时；after在之后；until直到；since自从。句子时态是现在完成时，应用since。故选D。
8. —What a heavy rain! When did it start
—It started at about six thirty this morning. I ________ on the way to my office then.
A. drove B. will drive C. have driven D. was driving
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——好大的雨啊！什么时候开始下的？——今天早上6点钟的时候开始的。那时候我正在开车去办公室的路上。
考查时态。根据“at about six thirty this morning.”可知，这里是描述过去正在发生的事情，所以是过去进行时。故选D。
9. —Last night, I ________ late doing some exercise to keep fit.
—Really If you don’t sleep for at least 8 hours, you may gain weight.
A. put up B. took up C. gave up D. stayed up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——昨晚，为了保持健康我熬夜到很晚锻炼。——真的？如果你睡眠不足8小时，你体重会增加。
考查动词短语。put up张贴；took up占据；gave up放弃；stayed up熬夜；根据“If you don’t sleep for at least 8 hours,”可知，此处是指晚上睡眠不足8小时会长胖，也就是“熬夜”坏处，故选D。
10. —In order to make sure the program goes ________, more volunteers are needed.
—I’m in! Many hands make light work.
A. slowly B. smoothly C. silently D. specially
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——为了确保项目顺利进行，需要更多的志愿者。——我加入了！众人拾柴火焰高。
考查副词辨析。slowly缓慢地；smoothly顺利地；silently沉默地；specially特别地。根据“more volunteers are needed.”可知，为了确保项目顺利进行，需要更多的志愿者。故选B。
11. Liu Cixin, a science fiction writer, has ________ the world with his imaginative works, such as the Wandering Earth series and Three Bodies.
A. expressed B. impressed C. succeeded D. suggested
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：科幻作家刘慈欣以其富有想象力的作品给世界留下了深刻的印象，如《流浪地球》系列和《三体》。
考查动词辨析。expressed表达；impressed使留下深刻印象；succeeded成功；suggested建议。根据“Liu Cixin, a science fiction writer, has...the world with his imaginative works, such as the Wandering Earth series and Three Bodies.”可知，他的作品让全世界的人都印象深刻。故选B。
12. —I don’t care what other people think.
—Well, you should. ________, some opinions are worth weighing.
A. In all B. Above all C. After all D. First of all
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我不关心其他人想什么。——嗯，你应该关心。毕竟，一些观点值得认真考虑。
考查介词短语辨析。In all总计；Above all最重要的是；After all毕竟；First of all首先。根据“you should”以及“some opinions are worth weighing”可知，毕竟有些观点指得考虑，所以要关心别人的想法，用After all。故选C。
13. Which of the following books can be arranged in the same section as A Brief History of Time
A. China 1911—2011 B. Ronnie Goes into Space
C. Germany in World War Ⅱ D. How the Earth was Formed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：以下哪本书可以与《时间简史》放在同一部分？
考查常识。China 1911—2011《中国1911—2011》，是文艺类；Ronnie Goes into Space《罗尼进入太空》，是冒险类；Germany in World War II《第二次世界大战的德国》，是历史类；How the Earth was Formed《地球是如何形成的》，是科普类。《时间简史》是一本科普著作，故选D。
14. —A train crash happened in Ohio several days ago.
—That was really bad news. People all wondered ________.
A. that why it happened B. how did the government help
C. what caused the terrible accident D. how many people are killed in the crash
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——几天前俄亥俄州发生了一场火车相撞的事故。——那真是坏消息。人们都想知道是什么造成了这场可怕的事故。
考查宾语从句。本题是宾语从句，所以宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故排除B；在宾语从句中，引导词that和why不能放在一起，所以A错误；本句主句谓语动词“wondered”为一般过去时，所以宾语从句的谓语也用过去式，排除D。故选C。
15. —You must be excited about going to England for further study.
—________, but I am afraid I am not used to the weather and the food there.
A. I’m sorry B. Certainly not C. Never mind D. I suppose so
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——要去英国深造，你一定很兴奋吧。——我想是的，但是我恐怕不习惯那里的天气和食物。
考查情景交际。I’m sorry我很抱歉；Certainly not当然不；Never mind没关系；I suppose so我想是的。根据“..., but I am afraid I am not used to the weather and the food there”可知，回答者赞同上文所说。I suppose so“我想是的”符合情景。故选D。
二、完形填空
Did you know that vocabulary is more important than grammar If you have good vocabulary, you can communicate successfully ___16___ the grammar is not completely perfect.
However, one ___17___ problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment. Does this often happen to you The ___18___ of this difficulty is that most students try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words. But it may not ___19___ if you don’t have a very good memory.
The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words well is to learn new words and use them ___20___. You can do this with a very simple exercise. Every time you learn a new word, for example, from an English lesson or an article, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. ___21___ is more active than just reading a definition (定义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation, one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you ___22___.
Imagine you just learn the word “generous”. Write in your vocabulary notebook: generous (adjective), definition—giving or willing to give freely. Example one, from the ___23___: Thanks for paying for my dinner; you’re very generous. Example two, my example: My brother is generous because he volunteers at the animal shelter on weekends. It’s best if your example sentences are ___24___ to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word. The next day, read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence ___25___ the new word. It’s helpful for you to remember it. These two simple steps—writing the word and using it at once—help you remember and use new words.
Do you have a vocabulary notebook If not, start now.
16. A. when B. though C. because D. until
17. A. common B. new C. strange D. famous
18. A. situation B. cause C. condition D. result
19. A. form B. change C. work D. rise
20. A. later on B. on time C. if possible D. at once
21. A. Writing B. Speaking C. Listening D. Watching
22. A. copy B. write C. think D. create
23. A. notebook B. blackboard C. article D. experience
24. A. suitable B. true C. honest D. useful
25. A. by B. with C. on D. in
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了词汇重要性，以及记单词的方法。
【16题详解】
句意：如果你有丰富的词汇量，即使语法不是很完美，你也能成功地交流。
when当……时候；though尽管；because因为；until直到。根据“you can communicate successfully...the grammar is not completely perfect.”可知，前后句子为让步关系。虽然语法不完全正确，但只要有足够的词汇量，也能交流。故选B。
【17题详解】
句意：然而，一个常见的问题是学完新单词，就忘记了。
common普遍的；new新的；strange奇怪的；famous著名的。根据“However, one...problem is learning new words and then forgetting them.”可知，记了就忘是个很普遍的问题。故选A。
【18题详解】
句意：造成这种困难的原因是大多数学生试图通过学习单词表、字典和记忆单词来学习词汇。
situation情况；cause原因；condition条件；result结果。根据“The...of this difficulty is that most students try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words.”可知，此处描述单词记了就忘的原因。故选B。
【19题详解】
句意：但如果你的记忆力不太好，可能就不起作用了。
form形成；change改变；work起作用；rise升起。根据“But it may not...if you don’t have a very good memory.”可知，如果记忆不好的话，这个方法就不起作用了。故选C。
【20题详解】
句意：学习词汇和记住单词的最好方法是学习新单词并立即使用它们。
later on后来；on time准时；if possible如果可能的话；at once立刻。根据“The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words well is to learn new words and use them...”可知，最好的方法是学完就用。故选D。
【21题详解】
句意：写比读定义更有效。
writing写；speaking说；listening听；watching看。根据下文“You should write the word, the definition in English or translation,...”可知，此处需填“写”。故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：你应该写下这个单词、英语定义或翻译，写下文章或字典中的一个例句，接着写下自己造的一个例句。
copy复制；write写；think想；create创造。根据“one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you”可知，摘抄一个例句，自己再造一个例句。故选D。
【23题详解】
句意：例子一，摘自文章：谢谢你请我吃饭，你真是太慷慨了。
notebook笔记本；blackboard黑板；article文章；experience经验。根据上文“one example sentence from the article”可知，此处第一个例句来源于一篇文章。故选C。
【24题详解】
句意：你的例句最好是和你的生活相符的，因为这样你就和这个新词建立了关系。
suitable适合的；true真的；honest诚实的；useful有用的。根据“It’s best if your example sentences are...to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word.”可知，自己造的例句最好和你的生活息息相关。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：第二天，再读一遍你的词汇笔记本，试着用这个新单词再添加一个例句。
by通过；with用；on在……上面；in在……里面。根据“try to add one more example sentence...the new word.”可知，用学到的新单词再造一个句子。故选B。