2023—2024学年度第二学期北京育才学校高二英语
期中考试试卷
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时间90分钟。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sleepy-eyed, I arrived in Jordan just before midnight: Picking up the rental car, the agent mumbled (咕哝) something about a gas station. Trying to stay ___1___, I really didn’t pay attention.
The next morning, I headed the desert castle excitedly. While driving, I noticed that there wasn’t a fuel gauge (指示器) on the dashboard. That was ___2___, but I didn’t think twice about it. I had just got the rental so there would be plenty of fuel.
After passing numerous gas stations, I was finally in the open plete ___3___. And that’s when my car suddenly came to a stop.
What In the middle of nowhere, I stared at the engine with no idea what to do. ___4___ seized me.
Within 10 minutes, a Jordanian ___5___. He didn’t speak English and my Arabic was limited. After ___6___ my car, he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas. Who knew that rental cars didn’t come with a full tank of gas there !
The man ___7___ me to get in his car and drove to the nearest gas station to get extra petrol. We then got back to my car to put the gas in.
When I pulled out my wallet to pay him, he refused. My thanks, a smile, and one photo together were all he wanted. Before we fully ___8___, he even followed me a bit to ensure that I was safely on my way even though it was not getting late.
Today, whenever I think of Jordan, this memory ___9___ comes to mind, and my heart swells with gratitude. It is the stranger who saved my trip and reminded me of the importance of ____10____.
1. A. humble B. awake C. silent D. calm
2. A. unlucky B. unsafe C. odd D. foolish
3. A. isolation B. damage C. chaos D. darkness
4. A. Anger B. Curiosity C. Fascination D. Panic
5. A. turned over B. pulled over C. passed over D. took over
6. A. examining B. repairing C. stopping D. moving
7. A. required B. encouraged C. prepared D. signaled
8. A. talked B. parted C. engaged D. understood
9. A. hesitantly B. gradually C. instantly D. randomly
10. A. gratefulness B. cautiousness C. kindness D. positiveness
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在约旦租车旅行时遇到的困境。作者没有注意到租车时没有加满油，结果在沙漠中汽车突然熄火。一位陌生人帮助作者去加油，并确保作者安全上路。这个经历让作者深刻体会到陌生人的善意和友善的重要性。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我睡眼惺忪地在午夜前抵达约旦：拿起租来的车，代理人咕哝着什么加油站的事。努力保持清醒，我真的没有注意。A. humble谦卑的；B. awake醒着的；C. silent沉默的；D. calm冷静的。根据后文前文“Sleepy-eyed”以及后文的“I really didn’t pay attention.”可知，坐着睡眼惺忪，努力保持清醒，对于加油的事情没有注意。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很奇怪，但我没有多想。我刚租了车，所以会有很多燃料。A. unlucky不幸运的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. odd奇怪的；D. foolish愚蠢的。根据前文“While driving, I noticed that there wasn’t a fuel gauge (指示器) on the dashboard.”可知，本句中的“that”指代的是此处的事实即开车的时候，作者注意到仪表盘上没有燃油表。这个情况很奇怪。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：完全与世隔绝。A. isolation隔离，孤立；B. damage损坏；C. chaos混乱；D. darkness黑暗。根据前文“After passing numerous gas stations, I was. finally in the open desert.”可知，经过无数的加油站后，作者终于来到了开阔的沙漠即作者完全处于沙漠中，与外界隔离开来。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在荒无人烟的地方，我盯着引擎，不知道该怎么办。我感到极度恐慌。A. Anger愤怒；B. Curiosity好奇心；C. Fascination着迷；D. Panic恐慌。根据“And that’s when my car suddenly came to a stop.”以及“In the middle of nowhere, I stared at the engine with no idea what to do.”可知，在荒无人烟的沙漠中，作者的车突然停下来，作者不知所措，故作者感到非常恐慌。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不到10分钟，一名约旦人停了下来。 A. turned over翻转；B. pulled over靠边停车；C. passed over跳过，忽略；D. took over接管。根据后文“After ___6___ my car, he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas.”可知，有一名约旦人不到10分钟靠边停车来帮助作者。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他检查完我的车后，用手势告诉我，我的车没油了。A. examining检查；B. repairing修理；C. stopping停止；D. moving移动。根据后文“he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas”可知，他在检查之后才能告诉作者车没油了。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那人示意我上他的车，然后开到最近的加油站去加油。A. required要求；B. encouraged鼓励；C. prepared准备；D. signaled示意。根据前文“He didn’t speak English and my Arabic was limited.”以及“he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas.”可知，他不会说英语，作者的阿拉伯语也很有限，因此作者和他的交流都是通过手势，由此该约旦人示意作者上他的车。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们完全分开之前，他甚至跟了我一会儿，以确保我在路上安全，尽管时间还不晚。A. talked谈话；B. parted分离；C. engaged从事；D. understood明白。根据后文“that I was safely on my way even though it was not getting late”可知，该约旦人在和作者分离之前，跟了作者一会儿，以确保作者在路上安全。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，每当我想到约旦，这段记忆就会立即浮现在脑海中，我的心中充满了感激之情。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. instantly立即地；D. randomly随机地。根据第一段中“I arrived in Jordan just before midnight”可知，作者当时是在约旦旅行，故每当作者想到约旦，这段记忆就会立即浮现在脑海中。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是这个陌生人拯救了我的旅程，并提醒了我善良的重要性。A. gratefulness感激；B. cautiousness小心；C. kindness善良；D. positiveness积极。根据前文“the stranger who saved my trip”可知，作者在约旦旅游的时候，是一个陌生人帮助了作者，由此提醒了作者善良的重要性。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Comets are among the most beautiful and interesting ___11___(sight) in the universe. For centuries, people ___12___(show) great interest in studying them. In 1682, Edmund Halley, an astronomer, noticed a comet that was especially bright and large. Based on his calculations, Halley predicted that this bright comet would return in 1758 or 1759—this was about 75 years ___13___ he first saw the comet. The comet really returned on time and it was named “Halley’s Comet” in honor of Edmund Halley.
【答案】11. sights
12. have shown/have been showing
13. after
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哈雷彗星命名的由来。
【11题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：彗星是宇宙中最美丽、最有趣的景观之一。根据前文“among the most beautiful and interesting”可知，此处指众多有趣景观之一，所以空处名词需用复数。故填sights。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，人们对研究它们表现出极大的兴趣。根据时间状语 For centuries可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在将会继续下去，主语是复数 people，所以助动词需用have。故填have shown/have been showing。
【13题详解】
考查连词。句意：根据他的计算，哈雷预测这颗明亮的彗星将在1758年或1759年回归——这距离他第一次看到这颗彗星大约75年。根据前一句“ In 1682, Edmund Halley, an astronomer, noticed a comet that was especially bright and large. (1682年，天文学家埃德蒙·哈雷注意到一颗特别明亮和巨大的彗星。)”可知，哈雷第一次看到那颗彗星是1682年，再次看到可能是1758年或1759年，此处表示75年后，所以需用连词after。故填after。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping(急喘) for air, his ___14___(frighten) mother begging for help. Emma rushed to the boy, ___15___ face had turned purple. “What’s wrong ” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that Emma had learned how ___16___(perform) the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. He ___17___(save) in time.
【答案】14. frightened
15. whose 16. to perform
17. was saved
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Emma在回家路上，救助被糖果卡住喉咙的小男孩的故事。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：环顾四周，她看到一个小男孩在人行道上喘着气，他惊恐的母亲请求帮助。空处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词 mother，因为修饰空后指人的名词mother，所以空处需用ed形容词frightened“惊恐的”。故填frightened。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Emma奔向男孩，男孩的脸已经变紫了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是boy，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词face，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。
【16题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：幸运的是，Emma在学校学会了如何使用海姆利克急救法。分析句子结构可知，空处需用疑问词how接动词不定式作动词learned的宾语。故填to perform。
【17题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：他及时得救了。根据前一句谓语动词began 可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，因为小男孩是被Emma救，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是第三人称单数he，所以空处be动词需用was。故填was saved。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In Japan, the word bonsai means tray plant. It refers to the interesting ___18___(combine) of art and the planting and growing of miniature trees and plants. Bonsai originated in China more than 2,000 years ago and ___19___(spread) to Japan about 700 years ago. Some people believe that only small plants must be used in bonsai, but this is not true. Nearly any type of tree or plant can be used, as long as it is grown ___20___ a seed or a small cutting.
【答案】bination
19. spread/was spread
20. from
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了盆景的历史。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：它指的是艺术与微型树木和植物的种植和生长的有趣结合。形容词interesting作定语修饰名词，所以空处需用名词，作refer to的宾语；combine的名词为combination“结合”，是不可数名词。故填combination。
【19题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：盆景起源于2000多年前的中国，约700年前传到日本。由时间状语about 700 years ago可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，因为可以表示被动，所以此处谓语动词也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数Bonsai，所以be动词需用was。故填spread/was spread。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：几乎任何种类的树木或植物都可以被使用，只要它是由一粒种子或一个小枝条长成的。此处表示由种子长大的，需用介词from。故填from。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Our teen poetry workshops at Poets House are opportunities for writers in high school to create and explore poetry in one of the largest poetry libraries in the country. Young poets are given a chance to dig into the art and craft of poetry in a fun, creative and inspiring environment.
Join Dave Johnson Workshop
Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes. Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work. He gives us an instruction based on their work, then a short biography and reads an additional poem. These workshops are fun and surprising, for teens through adults, free.
The Thompson Foundation Initiative
The highlight of our teen poetry workshop program is the Thompson Foundation Initiative, through which noted poets visit high school classrooms followed by free follow-up class visits to Poets House. Recent teachers have included Dave Johnson, Jive Poetic, and Mahogany Browne. This initiative is meant to increase access to poetic education for under served schools and students by combining hands-on instruction from established poets with on-site visits to our extensive library. Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic.
If you are a teacher interested in this program, please reach out to Reggie Harris to arrange sessions for your class. Free class trips for all age levels are also available outside of this program.
Intensive Workshops for Teens
Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops.
·One-day workshops: Participation is free. All interested teens are encouraged to sign up.
·Week-long workshops: Participants are determined through an application process and an external judge; all interested high school students are encouraged to apply. Financial aid is available.
21. Teens can get to know one poet on a daily basis in _______.
A. Dave Johnson Workshop
B. the Thompson Foundation Initiative
C. Jive Poetic Workshop
D. Intensive Workshops for Teens
22. In the Thompson Foundation Initiative, students can _______.
A. contact Reggie Harris to attend class trips
B visit Poets House with Mahogany Browne
C. work one-on-one with established poets
D. learn and enjoy poetry in diverse ways
23. What do the workshops in the passage have in common
A. They are free of charge.
B They are for all age groups.
C. They offer chances to write poems.
D. They have famous poets as teachers.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在诗人之家举办的青少年诗歌研讨会为高中作家提供的三个学习研讨诗歌的项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work.”（点击横幅，观看两个系列的视频诗歌研讨会，诗人、剧作家和教育家戴夫·约翰逊每天都会选择一位诗人，并带我们仔细阅读他们的作品。）可知，青少年每日可以通过戴夫·约翰逊研讨会了解一位诗人。故选A项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据The Thompson Foundation Initiative标题下“Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic.”（学生通过阅读、写作和融合视觉和语言的艺术项目参与诗歌创作。）可知，在汤普森基金会倡议活动中学生可以通过不同的方式学习和享受诗歌。故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes.”（加入戴夫·约翰逊工作坊，只需10分钟即可写出每日新诗。）及The Thompson Foundation Initiative标题下“Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic.”（学生通过阅读、写作和融合视觉和语言的艺术项目参与诗歌创作。）及Intensive Workshops for Teens标题下“Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops.”（通过我们为期一天或一周的强化研讨会，希望继续写诗的学生可以定期进行高级个性化学习。）可知，三个研讨会的共同点是它们提供了写诗歌的机会。故选C项。
B
Noodles can turn from white to purple to pink with the aid of red cabbage and lemon juice; a chocolatey “liquid” can be rolled like a solid. These are just a few of the edible (可食的) treats in The Kitchen Science Cookbook that kids can make from everyday kitchen ingredients. The book has non-edible experiments, too—volcanoes that erupt with lava made from baking soda and vinegar—and most recipes cost less than a dollar, says the book’s creator, a nanotechnologist (纳米专家) and science communicator, Michelle Dickinson, known as Nanogirl.
Dickinson was inspired by a mother who told her she’d failed in science at school but wanted to develop a love of science in her own daughter. “Then the mother offered me a cake she’d made at home as a gift. I told her, ‘You do use science—you baked this cake!’ and she replied, ‘No, that’s baking, very different from science.’ I said, ‘Well, what happens if it doesn’t rise enough You use more baking soda and then turn the oven up higher...’ There was a real disconnection between what the mother was doing and the word ‘science’.”
So Dickinson spent three years using her kitchen as a lab, coming up with 300 experiments. She put a call-out online for recipe testers, “thinking I’d get about five of my friends with kids responding, but in 24 hours we had 2,000 applicants from 24 countries!”
In 2012, she was asked by TEDx to give a lecture on nanotechnology, where she presented herself as Nanogirl—a confident, smart, amazing superhero on stage. In last year’s six-week nationwide tour, Nanogirl performed science stunts (特技表演) to thousands of kids, and trained 200 teachers in how to integrate science in the classroom.
Dickinson has got thousands of videos posted by children who’ve attempted the experiments she encourages them to try at home. “Then we have kids building all sorts of weird and wonderful things.”
Now Nanogirl has gone global, with local versions surfacing in five countries and in four languages.
Dickinson self-published The Kitchen Science Cookbook as part of a pay-it-forward program, where for every book sold, a book will be donated to a library, school or community organization. A Kickstarter fund helped pay for the printing. “I’m so grateful people believed in us.”
24. Dickinson became a science communicator because ______.
A. her mother developed a love of science in her
B. she got inspired by her cake-baking experience
C. she noticed people were unaware of science in life
D. her kitchen experiments went popular on social media
25. What impact has Dickinson made
A. 200 teachers have joined her to become nanogirls.
B Nanogirls emerge following in her steps worldwide.
C. A few schools and libraries have been funded by her.
D. Many kids are encouraged to donate books to schools.
26. According to the passage, Dickinson is ______.
A. passionate and inspiring B. creative and humorous
C. cooperative and generous D. courageous and grateful
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章介绍了纳米专家和科学传播者狄金森创作了一本名为《厨房科学食谱》的书，将科学与日常生活联系起来以及通过TEDx演讲和全国巡回表演向孩子们展示科学的魅力，激发孩子们对科学产生兴趣。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dickinson was inspired by a mother who told her she’d failed in science at school but wanted to develop a love of science in her own daughter. “Then the mother offered me a cake she’d made at home as a gift. I told her, ‘You do use science—you baked this cake!’ and she replied, ‘No, that’s baking. very different from science.’ I said, ‘Well, what happens if it doesn’t rise enough You use more baking soda and then turn the oven up higher...’ There was a real disconnection between what the mother was doing and the word ‘science’.”(狄金森的灵感来自一位母亲，她告诉她，她在学校理科不及格，但她想培养自己女儿对科学的热爱。然后，母亲把她在家里做的蛋糕送给我作为礼物。我告诉她:“你确实用了科学——你烤了这个蛋糕!”’她回答说:‘不，那是烘焙。和科学很不一样。’我说，‘好吧，如果涨得不够会怎么样 你用更多的小苏打，然后把烤箱调高…“这位母亲所做的事情和‘科学’这个词之间确实存在脱节。”)”以及第三段中“So Dickinson spent three years using her kitchen as a lab, coming up with 300 experiments. (因此，狄金森花了三年时间把她的厨房当作实验室，做了300个实验。)”可知，狄金森以生活中一名母亲并没有意识到烘焙与科学是密切相关为例，证明在很多人中存在生活和科学脱节的现象。由此激发她花三年的时间，把厨房当做实验室，做了300个实验，来将生活和实验联系起来，成为一名科学传播者。故狄金森之所以成为一名科学传播者，是因为她注意到人们在生活中不了解科学。故选C。
25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Now Nanogirl has gone global, with local versions surfacing in five countries and in four languages.(现在，纳米女孩们已经走向全球，在五个国家以四种语言发行了当地版本。)”可知，纳米女孩跟随狄金森的脚步出现在世界各地。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“So Dickinson spent three years using her kitchen as a lab, coming up with 300 experiments. (因此，狄金森花了三年时间把她的厨房当作实验室，做了300个实验。)”可知，狄金森对与自己所从事的事情是充满着热情的；同时根据倒数第二段中“Now Nanogirl has gone global, with local versions surfacing in five countries and in four languages.(现在，纳米女孩们已经走向全球，在五个国家以四种语言发行了当地版本。)”可知，狄金森是激励人心的，因为在她的影响下，纳米女孩们已经走向全球。故选A。
C
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
27. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
28. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
29. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
30. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.(30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知，Damian Blasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因，可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的，他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样，这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音，也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Moran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
【点睛】
D
Technology has changed the ways in which we communicate with each other. For many people, the primary form of communicating these days is via instant messaging. When you run out of space or ideas, you just hit the send button or turn it off. There are no silences between the words, literally or figuratively (比喻地).
In real life, getting along with another person takes effort and energy. There are moments when neither person has anything to say. Silence can feel awkward. So too, emotions can arise in real life that are difficult. There are moments when things can get painful with another person. Misunderstandings happen, hard truths are revealed, and feelings can get hurt.
A trend has started to pop up. When difficulty or conflict arises within a relationship, we are simply dropping out of it rather than facing the issue. I hear of this more often in my practice and notice it more in my own life. We come and go, in and out of each other’s lives with remarkable ease, as if relationships are not really worth investing in or working for any longer. It makes me wonder if we are simply losing the ability to deal with the messy and uncomfortable parts of life. The result is that we are left with a lot of relationships but not much in the way of nourishing relationships. We have it easy, but we don’t have it real.
When we run into conflict with others, the reason we are willing to address the conflict is that we want the relationship and we care about it. Discomfort, awkwardness and challenges are an unavoidable part of being in a relationship with others. We have to remind ourselves that we can wade (涉水) through that messy river to get to the other side where the relationship can be restored. In psychology, we call this process repair. And the relationship that is formed after dealing with the conflict together is actually stronger than if the conflict had not happened.
We will never end up anywhere deeply satisfying by avoiding challenges. Each moment that we are willing to be uncomfortable in a relationship, to live in and through the messiness, is a drop of gold in the relationship itself. The investment in the hard stuff is finally what makes the relationship worth investing in. The willingness to be uncomfortable with something and the value of that something are part of the same circle.
31. What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs
A. Technology has brought people closer.
B. True friends are not embarrassed by silence.
C. Online communication creates a lot of misunderstandings.
D. More challenges arise in real-life interpersonal relationships.
32. What is the author’s attitude towards the trend mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. Negative. B. Positive.
C. Reserved. D. Unclear.
33. What does the author suggest people do
A. Step back and avoid conflict.
B. Pay more attention to themselves.
C. Try to fix the relationship.
D. Learn to identify unhealthy relationships.
34. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To describe a growing trend.
B. To stress the importance of handling conflict.
C. To guide people into meaningful relationships.
D. To show the influence of the Internet on relationships.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述科技改变了人们的交流方式，面对面的现实生活中的交流遇到挑战。作者建议人们建立有意义的人际关系，当遇到冲突时，要积极去解决。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Technology has changed the ways in which we communicate with each other. For many people, the primary form of communicating these days is via instant messaging. When you run out of space or ideas, you just hit the send button or turn it off. There are no silences between the words, literally or figuratively (比喻地). (科技改变了我们彼此交流的方式。对许多人来说，现在主要的交流方式是通过即时消息。当你没有空间或想法时，你只需按下发送按钮或关闭它。交流之间没有沉默，无论是字面上还是比喻上。)”和第二段“In real life, getting along with another person takes effort and energy. There are moments when neither person has anything to say. Silence can feel awkward. So too, emotions can arise in real life that are difficult. There are moments when things can get painful with another person. Misunderstandings happen, hard truths are revealed, and feelings can get hurt. (在现实生活中，与他人相处需要付出努力和精力。有时候，两个人都没有话要说。沉默会感到尴尬。同样，情感也会在现实生活中产生，而这些生活很困难。有时候，与另一个人在一起会很痛苦。误解会发生，残酷的真相会暴露，感情也会受到伤害。)”可知，现实生活中的人际关系面临更多挑战。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“It makes me wonder if we are simply losing the ability to deal with the messy and uncomfortable parts of life. The result is that we are left with a lot of relationships but not much in the way of nourishing relationships. We have it easy, but we don’t have it real. (这让我怀疑，我们是否正在失去处理生活中混乱和不舒服部分的能力。结果是，我们留下了很多关系，但却没有太多滋养关系的方式。我们很容易做到，但我们没有做到。)”可知，作者对这个趋势是持怀疑的态度。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“We have to remind ourselves that we can wade (涉水) through that messy river to get to the other side where the relationship can be restored. In psychology, we call this process repair. And the relationship that is formed after dealing with the conflict together is actually stronger than if the conflict had not happened. (我们必须提醒自己，我们可以趟过那条脏乱的河流，到达另一边，在那里我们可以恢复关系。在心理学中，我们称这种过程为修复。在一起处理冲突后形成的关系实际上比冲突没有发生时更牢固。)”可知，当人们之间有冲突时，作者建议人们去解决。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We will never end up anywhere deeply satisfying by avoiding challenges. Each moment that we are willing to be uncomfortable in a relationship, to live in and through the messiness, is a drop of gold in the relationship itself. The investment in the hard stuff is finally what makes the relationship worth investing in. The willingness to be uncomfortable with something and the value of that something are part of the same circle. (避免挑战，我们永远不会在任何地方得到令人满意的结果。我们愿意在一段关系中感到不舒服的每一刻，愿意生活在混乱中并度过混乱，都是这段关系本身的一滴黄金。对艰难事物的投资最终是使这段关系值得投资的因素。对某些事物感到不舒服的意愿和这些事物的价值是同一个圈子的一部分。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是要引导人们建立有意义的人际关系。故选C。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Digital Medicine
Could the next suggestion from your doctor be downloading an app Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies. ___35___
Many detection aids rely on mobile devices to record such features as users’ voices, locations, facial expressions, exercise and sleep; then they apply artificial intelligence to mark the possible change of a condition. Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate. ___36___ These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. ___37___ Some are being developed to detect things such as cancerous DNA, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels. The sensors inside your body can then send the data to apps for recording.
___38___ For the most part, those intended to diagnose or treat disorders must be proved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatory approval; some may need a doctor’s permission.
Clearly, society must move into the future of digital medicine with care — ensuring that the apps go through strict testing, protect privacy and go smoothly into doctors’ work. With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in. ___39___ For researchers, the patterns that emerge will provide them with novel ideas for how best to build healthier habits and prevent diseases.
A. For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care.
B. These data also help doctors detect diseases and help patients change their behaviors.
C. Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions.
D. They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care.
E. Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills.
F. Digital medicine has been widely used in all aspects of life nowadays.
G. Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine.
【答案】35. D 36. C 37. E 38. G 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字医疗的概念、具体的检测辅助设备的功能、发展中面临的限制以及未来可能带来的好处。
【35题详解】
前文“Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies. (现在，大量正在使用或正在开发的应用程序被统称为数字医疗，它们可以检测或监测心理和身体疾病，或直接实施治疗)”介绍数字医疗具备的功能，D项“They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care. (它们既可以帮助诊断症状，又可以加强传统的医疗保健)”符合语境，继续介绍数字医疗的功能，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的a large number of apps。故选D。
【36题详解】
前文“Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate. (例如，一些智能手表包含一个传感器，可以自动检测并警告人们危险的心率)”列举智能手表中的检测辅助功能，后文“These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. (这些可穿戴检测辅助设备不会在短期内取代医生，但可以成为强调需要随访的问题的有益伙伴)”对可穿戴检测辅助设备的作用进行评估，C项“Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions. (其他类似的工具可以检测呼吸障碍、抑郁症和其他疾病)”符合语境，说明其他的检测辅助功能，承接前文，引出后文的评估，后文的These wearable detection aids涵盖前文的Some smart watches和选项中的Other similar tools。故选C。
【37题详解】
前文“These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. (这些可穿戴检测辅助设备不会在短期内取代医生，但可以成为强调需要随访的问题的有益伙伴)”对可穿戴检测辅助设备的作用进行评估，后文“Some are being developed to detect things such as cancerous DNA, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels. The sensors inside your body can then send the data to apps for recording. (其中一些正在被开发用于检测癌症DNA、胃出血、体温和氧气水平等。然后，你体内的传感器可以将数据发送到应用程序进行记录。)”介绍新的介入体内的检测辅助设备，E项“Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills. (检测辅助设备还可以采用可食用和带有传感器的药丸的形式)”符合语境，说明检测辅助设备的新形式，从前文的可穿戴的形式过渡到后文的介入体内的新形式，其中的eatable and sensor-bearing和后文的The sensors inside your body呼应。故选E。
【38题详解】
空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“For the most part, those intended to diagnose or treat disorders must be proved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatory approval; some may need a doctor’s permission. (在大多数情况下，那些用于诊断或治疗疾病的药物必须在临床试验中被证明是安全有效的，并获得监管部门的批准；有些可能需要医生的许可)”指出数字医疗发展中的严格限制和流程，G项“Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine. (并非所有的医疗保健应用程序都可以用作数字医疗)”符合语境，说明数字医疗有其限制，可引出后文。故选G。
【39题详解】
前文“With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in. (有了这些保护措施，就可以通过标记不健康行为并帮助人们在疾病发生之前做出改变来节省医疗费用)”说明使用数字医疗对于普通人的好处，后文“For researchers, the patterns that emerge will provide them with novel ideas for how best to build healthier habits and prevent diseases. (对于研究人员来说，出现的模式将为他们提供如何最好地建立更健康的习惯和预防疾病的新想法)”说明使用数字医疗对于研究者的好处，A项“For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care. (对于医生来说，将人工智能应用于这些应用程序的数据可以帮助他们个性化患者护理)”符合语境，说明使用数字医疗对于医生的好处，和前后文内容呼应。故选A。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节:阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It is no secret that literary works, like many other pieces of art, are capable of making an emotional impact on their audience. One can say it is the ability to influence the reader’s mood that makes a story good and memorable.
A writer can show the optimistic nature of a fictional character in a variety of ways. Creating a contrast between the main character’s personality and external reality is among the most emotionally efficient means. Therefore, there is usually a juxtaposition between the imagined would of a book and readers’ world around them.
At times when the world is “all over the place” and causes severe stress for people, having the chance to immerse (使沉浸) oneself in to the fictional world and spend some time with the characters of the story can be a relief. For example, during the peaks of the pandemic when the news media was reporting high numbers of infected patients as well as spiking ICU rates, more and more people wanted to shelter themselves from the reality and take a break from it. While escaping the world around us is not realistic for a long time, having an opportunity to escape just for some time is a luxury that literature can offer.
There are a large number of books that offer the safe escape into a fictional world and teach their readers that there are to unsolvable problems. The adventures through which the reader goes together with book characters often provide teachable lessons and underline the importance of remaining optimistic. As mentioned by Montgomery in Anne of Green Gables, “Tomorrow is always fresh, with no mistakes in it yet.” It illustrates that the characters of the book have made some mistakes and have harvested the consequences of them, but the next day is a new page with new opportunities.
40. What is one of the most emotionally efficient means in literature
_________________________________________________________________
41. How can people get a relief when suffering from stress
_________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adventures in literature help readers find solutions to problems and realize the importance of optimism.
_________________________________________________________________
43. Apart from optimism, what other benefit(s) have you got from literature Why (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Creating a contrast between the main character’s personality and external reality.
41. Having the chance to immerse oneself in to the fictional world and spend some time with the characters of the story can be a relief.
42. The adventures in literature help readers find solutions to problems and realize the importance of optimism. The adventures in the book let the readers know that there are many problems that cannot be solved.
43. Apart from optimism, literature has provided me with the benefit of empathy. Reading allows me to explore different perspectives, understand diverse characters, and develop a deeper understanding of human emotions and experiences, which ultimately helps me become more empathetic towards others.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了文学作品可以给读者带来的好处。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Creating a contrast between the main character’s personality and external reality is among the most emotionally efficient means.(在主角的个性和外部现实之间创造反差是最有效的情感手段之一)”可知，文学作品中最有效的情感表达方式是在主角的个性和外部现实之间创造反差。故答案为Creating a contrast between the main character’s personality and external reality。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“At times when the world is “all over the place” and causes severe stress for people, having the chance to immerse (使沉浸) oneself in to the fictional world and spend some time with the characters of the story can be a relief.(有时候，当这个世界“到处都是”给人们带来了巨大的压力时，有机会沉浸在虚构的世界里，花点时间和故事中的人物在一起，不失为一种解脱)”可知，当人们遭受压力时，有机会沉浸在虚构的世界里，花点时间和故事中的人物在一起能得到缓解。故答案为Having the chance to immerse oneself in to the fictional world and spend some time with the characters of the story can be a relief.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“There are a large number of books that offer the safe escape into a fictional world and teach their readers that there are to unsolvable problems. The adventures through which the reader goes together with book characters often provide teachable lessons and underline the importance of remaining optimistic.(有大量的书提供了一个安全的逃避到一个虚构的世界，并告诉他们的读者有许多无法解决的问题。读者与书中人物一起经历的冒险往往提供了可教的教训，并强调了保持乐观的重要性)”可知，错误的部分为“help readers find solutions to problems”，书中的冒险让读者知道有许多无法解决的问题。故答案为The adventures in literature help readers find solutions to problems and realize the importance of optimism. The adventures in the book let the readers know that there are many problems that cannot be solved.
【43题详解】
考查开放题。根据“除了乐观，你还从文学中得到了什么好处？为什么？”可回答：除了乐观，文学还让我有了同理心。阅读让我探索不同的视角，了解不同的人物，对人类的情感和经历有了更深的理解，最终使我对他人更有同理心。故答案为Apart from optimism, literature has provided me with the benefit of empathy. Reading allows me to explore different perspectives, understand diverse characters, and develop a deeper understanding of human emotions and experiences, which ultimately helps me become more empathetic towards others.
第二节：书面表达 （20分）
44. 假设你是李华，在一所国际学校就读，学校的官方微信公众号(WeChat official account)计划招募一名英语编辑，你对此很感兴趣。请你写一封应聘信，内容包括：
1.写信的目的；
2.申请此职位的原因；
3.你的应聘优势；
4.你的期盼。
注意：1.词数不少于60；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir,
I’m Li Hua, a student from senior 2. Learning that an English editor is wanted for our school’s WeChat official account, I’m writing to apply for this position.
I would like to be an editor because I’m keen on the school events and want to broadcast them to others.
I’m confident that I’m qualified for this job. First, I have a good command of English so that I have no difficulty in editing articles in English. Besides, being an editor of my class’ official account for a year equips me with relevant experience. Furthermore, I am skilled in computer, which enables me to make the account more attractive. If chosen, I’ll be wholly devoted to the job. I will update the account regularly with positive, hot events of our school.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校公众号写一封关于英语编辑的应聘信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：would like to do sth. → feel like doing sth.
此外：besides → what’s more
投入：be devoted to → be committed to
使某人具备：equip sb. with → arm sb. with
精通：have a good command of → have a good knowledge of
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句： Learning that an English editor is wanted for our school’s WeChat official account, I’m writing to apply for this position.
拓展句：Because I learn that an English editor is wanted for our school’s WeChat official account, I’m writing to apply for this position.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Furthermore, I am skilled in computer, which enables me to make the account more attractive. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】If chosen, I’ll be wholly devoted to the job. (if条件状语从句的省略)2023—2024学年度第二学期北京育才学校高二英语
期中考试试卷
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时间90分钟。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sleepy-eyed, I arrived in Jordan just before midnight: Picking up the rental car, the agent mumbled (咕哝) something about a gas station. Trying to stay ___1___, I really didn’t pay attention.
The next morning, I headed the desert castle excitedly. While driving, I noticed that there wasn’t a fuel gauge (指示器) on the dashboard. That was ___2___, but I didn’t think twice about it. I had just got the rental so there would be plenty of fuel.
After passing numerous gas stations, I was finally in the open plete ___3___. And that’s when my car suddenly came to a stop.
What In the middle of nowhere, I stared at the engine with no idea what to do. ___4___ seized me.
Within 10 minutes, a Jordanian ___5___. He didn’t speak English and my Arabic was limited. After ___6___ my car, he told me through hand gestures that I was out of gas. Who knew that rental cars didn’t come with a full tank of gas there !
The man ___7___ me to get in his car and drove to the nearest gas station to get extra petrol. We then got back to my car to put the gas in.
When I pulled out my wallet to pay him, he refused. My thanks, a smile, and one photo together were all he wanted. Before we fully ___8___, he even followed me a bit to ensure that I was safely on my way even though it was not getting late.
Today, whenever I think of Jordan, this memory ___9___ comes to mind, and my heart swells with gratitude. It is the stranger who saved my trip and reminded me of the importance of ____10____.
1. A. humble B. awake C. silent D. calm
2. A. unlucky B. unsafe C. odd D. foolish
3. A. isolation B. damage C. chaos D. darkness
4. A. Anger B. Curiosity C. Fascination D. Panic
5. A. turned over B. pulled over C. passed over D. took over
6. A. examining B. repairing C. stopping D. moving
7. A. required B. encouraged C. prepared D. signaled
8. A. talked B. parted C. engaged D. understood
9. A. hesitantly B. gradually C. instantly D. randomly
10. A. gratefulness B. cautiousness C. kindness D. positiveness
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Comets are among the most beautiful and interesting ___11___(sight) in the universe. For centuries, people ___12___(show) great interest in studying them. In 1682, Edmund Halley, an astronomer, noticed a comet that was especially bright and large. Based on his calculations, Halley predicted that this bright comet would return in 1758 or 1759—this was about 75 years ___13___ he first saw the comet. The comet really returned on time and it was named “Halley’s Comet” in honor of Edmund Halley.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping(急喘) for air, his ___14___(frighten) mother begging for help. Emma rushed to the boy, ___15___ face had turned purple. “What’s wrong ” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that Emma had learned how ___16___(perform) the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. He ___17___(save) in time.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In Japan, the word bonsai means tray plant. It refers to the interesting ___18___(combine) of art and the planting and growing of miniature trees and plants. Bonsai originated in China more than 2,000 years ago and ___19___(spread) to Japan about 700 years ago. Some people believe that only small plants must be used in bonsai, but this is not true. Nearly any type of tree or plant can be used, as long as it is grown ___20___ a seed or a small cutting.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Our teen poetry workshops at Poets House are opportunities for writers in high school to create and explore poetry in one of the largest poetry libraries in the country. Young poets are given a chance to dig into the art and craft of poetry in a fun, creative and inspiring environment.
Join Dave Johnson Workshop
Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes. Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work. He gives us an instruction based on their work, then a short biography and reads an additional poem. These workshops are fun and surprising, for teens through adults, free.
The Thompson Foundation Initiative
The highlight of our teen poetry workshop program is the Thompson Foundation Initiative, through which noted poets visit high school classrooms followed by free follow-up class visits to Poets House. Recent teachers have included Dave Johnson, Jive Poetic, and Mahogany Browne. This initiative is meant to increase access to poetic education for under served schools and students by combining hands-on instruction from established poets with on-site visits to our extensive library. Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic.
If you are a teacher interested in this program, please reach out to Reggie Harris to arrange sessions for your class. Free class trips for all age levels are also available outside of this program.
Intensive Workshops for Teens
Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops.
·One-day workshops: Participation is free. All interested teens are encouraged to sign up.
·Week-long workshops: Participants are determined through an application process and an external judge; all interested high school students are encouraged to apply. Financial aid is available.
21. Teens can get to know one poet on a daily basis in _______.
A. Dave Johnson Workshop
B. the Thompson Foundation Initiative
C. Jive Poetic Workshop
D. Intensive Workshops for Teens
22. In the Thompson Foundation Initiative, students can _______.
A. contact Reggie Harris to attend class trips
B. visit Poets House with Mahogany Browne
C. work one-on-one with established poets
D. learn and enjoy poetry in diverse ways
23. What do the workshops in the passage have in common
A. They are free of charge.
B. They are for all age groups.
C. They offer chances to write poems.
D. They have famous poets as teachers.
B
Noodles can turn from white to purple to pink with the aid of red cabbage and lemon juice; a chocolatey “liquid” can be rolled like a solid. These are just a few of the edible (可食的) treats in The Kitchen Science Cookbook that kids can make from everyday kitchen ingredients. The book has non-edible experiments, too—volcanoes that erupt with lava made from baking soda and vinegar—and most recipes cost less than a dollar, says the book’s creator, a nanotechnologist (纳米专家) and science communicator, Michelle Dickinson, known as Nanogirl.
Dickinson was inspired by a mother who told her she’d failed in science at school but wanted to develop a love of science in her own daughter. “Then the mother offered me a cake she’d made at home as a gift. I told her, ‘You do use science—you baked this cake!’ and she replied, ‘No, that’s baking, very different from science.’ I said, ‘Well, what happens if it doesn’t rise enough You use more baking soda and then turn the oven up higher...’ There was a real disconnection between what the mother was doing and the word ‘science’.”
So Dickinson spent three years using her kitchen as a lab, coming up with 300 experiments. She put a call-out online for recipe testers, “thinking I’d get about five of my friends with kids responding, but in 24 hours we had 2,000 applicants from 24 countries!”
In 2012, she was asked by TEDx to give a lecture on nanotechnology, where she presented herself as Nanogirl—a confident, smart, amazing superhero on stage. In last year’s six-week nationwide tour, Nanogirl performed science stunts (特技表演) to thousands of kids, and trained 200 teachers in how to integrate science in the classroom.
Dickinson has got thousands of videos posted by children who’ve attempted the experiments she encourages them to try at home. “Then we have kids building all sorts of weird and wonderful things.”
Now Nanogirl has gone global, with local versions surfacing in five countries and in four languages.
Dickinson self-published The Kitchen Science Cookbook as part of a pay-it-forward program, where for every book sold, a book will be donated to a library, school or community organization. A Kickstarter fund helped pay for the printing. “I’m so grateful people believed in us.”
24. Dickinson became a science communicator because ______.
A. her mother developed a love of science in her
B. she got inspired by her cake-baking experience
C. she noticed people were unaware of science in life
D. her kitchen experiments went popular on social media
25. What impact has Dickinson made
A. 200 teachers have joined her to become nanogirls.
B. Nanogirls emerge following in her steps worldwide.
C. A few schools and libraries have been funded by her.
D. Many kids are encouraged to donate books to schools.
26. According to the passage, Dickinson is ______.
A. passionate and inspiring B. creative and humorous
C. cooperative and generous D. courageous and grateful
C
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
27. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
28. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
29. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
30. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
D
Technology has changed the ways in which we communicate with each other. For many people, the primary form of communicating these days is via instant messaging. When you run out of space or ideas, you just hit the send button or turn it off. There are no silences between the words, literally or figuratively (比喻地).
In real life, getting along with another person takes effort and energy. There are moments when neither person has anything to say. Silence can feel awkward. So too, emotions can arise in real life that are difficult. There are moments when things can get painful with another person. Misunderstandings happen, hard truths are revealed, and feelings can get hurt.
A trend has started to pop up. When difficulty or conflict arises within a relationship, we are simply dropping out of it rather than facing the issue. I hear of this more often in my practice and notice it more in my own life. We come and go, in and out of each other’s lives with remarkable ease, as if relationships are not really worth investing in or working for any longer. It makes me wonder if we are simply losing the ability to deal with the messy and uncomfortable parts of life. The result is that we are left with a lot of relationships but not much in the way of nourishing relationships. We have it easy, but we don’t have it real.
When we run into conflict with others, the reason we are willing to address the conflict is that we want the relationship and we care about it. Discomfort, awkwardness and challenges are an unavoidable part of being in a relationship with others. We have to remind ourselves that we can wade (涉水) through that messy river to get to the other side where the relationship can be restored. In psychology, we call this process repair. And the relationship that is formed after dealing with the conflict together is actually stronger than if the conflict had not happened.
We will never end up anywhere deeply satisfying by avoiding challenges. Each moment that we are willing to be uncomfortable in a relationship, to live in and through the messiness, is a drop of gold in the relationship itself. The investment in the hard stuff is finally what makes the relationship worth investing in. The willingness to be uncomfortable with something and the value of that something are part of the same circle.
31. What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs
A Technology has brought people closer.
B True friends are not embarrassed by silence.
C. Online communication creates a lot of misunderstandings.
D. More challenges arise in real-life interpersonal relationships.
32. What is the author’s attitude towards the trend mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. Negative. B. Positive.
C Reserved. D. Unclear.
33. What does the author suggest people do
A. Step back and avoid conflict.
B. Pay more attention to themselves.
C. Try to fix the relationship.
D. Learn to identify unhealthy relationships.
34. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To describe a growing trend.
B. To stress the importance of handling conflict.
C. To guide people into meaningful relationships.
D. To show the influence of the Internet on relationships.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Digital Medicine
Could the next suggestion from your doctor be downloading an app Collectively known as digital medicine, a large number of apps in use or under development can now detect or monitor mental and physical disorders or directly administer therapies. ___35___
Many detection aids rely on mobile devices to record such features as users’ voices, locations, facial expressions, exercise and sleep; then they apply artificial intelligence to mark the possible change of a condition. Some smart watches, for instance, contain a sensor that automatically detects and warns people of a dangerous heart rate. ___36___ These wearable detection aids will not replace a doctor any time soon but can be helpful partners in stressing concerns that need follow-up. ___37___ Some are being developed to detect things such as cancerous DNA, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels. The sensors inside your body can then send the data to apps for recording.
___38___ For the most part, those intended to diagnose or treat disorders must be proved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatory approval; some may need a doctor’s permission.
Clearly, society must move into the future of digital medicine with care — ensuring that the apps go through strict testing, protect privacy and go smoothly into doctors’ work. With such protections in place, healthcare costs could be saved by marking unhealthy behaviours and helping people to make changes before diseases set in. ___39___ For researchers, the patterns that emerge will provide them with novel ideas for how best to build healthier habits and prevent diseases.
A. For doctors, applying AI to the data from these apps could help them personalize patient care.
B. These data also help doctors detect diseases and help patients change their behaviors.
C. Other similar tools can detect breathing disorders, depression and other conditions.
D. They can both help diagnose symptoms and enhance traditional medical care.
E. Detection aids can also take the form of eatable and sensor-bearing pills.
F. Digital medicine has been widely used in all aspects of life nowadays.
G. Not all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节:阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It is no secret that literary works, like many other pieces of art, are capable of making an emotional impact on their audience. One can say it is the ability to influence the reader’s mood that makes a story good and memorable.
A writer can show the optimistic nature of a fictional character in a variety of ways. Creating a contrast between the main character’s personality and external reality is among the most emotionally efficient means. Therefore, there is usually a juxtaposition between the imagined would of a book and readers’ world around them.
At times when the world is “all over the place” and causes severe stress for people, having the chance to immerse (使沉浸) oneself in to the fictional world and spend some time with the characters of the story can be a relief. For example, during the peaks of the pandemic when the news media was reporting high numbers of infected patients as well as spiking ICU rates, more and more people wanted to shelter themselves from the reality and take a break from it. While escaping the world around us is not realistic for a long time, having an opportunity to escape just for some time is a luxury that literature can offer.
There are a large number of books that offer the safe escape into a fictional world and teach their readers that there are to unsolvable problems. The adventures through which the reader goes together with book characters often provide teachable lessons and underline the importance of remaining optimistic. As mentioned by Montgomery in Anne of Green Gables “Tomorrow is always fresh, with no mistakes in it yet.” It illustrates that the characters of the book have made some mistakes and have harvested the consequences of them, but the next day is a new page with new opportunities.
40. What is one of the most emotionally efficient means in literature
_________________________________________________________________
41. How can people get a relief when suffering from stress
_________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The adventures in literature help readers find solutions to problems and realize the importance of optimism.
_________________________________________________________________
43. Apart from optimism, what other benefit(s) have you got from literature Why (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________
第二节：书面表达 （20分）
44. 假设你是李华，在一所国际学校就读，学校的官方微信公众号(WeChat official account)计划招募一名英语编辑，你对此很感兴趣。请你写一封应聘信，内容包括：
1.写信的目的；
2.申请此职位原因；
3.你的应聘优势；
4.你的期盼。
注意：1.词数不少于60；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
