2024届高考英语二轮复习： 阅读理解 强化训练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习： 阅读理解 强化训练（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-14 21:25:45 | ||
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Passage 1
Hidden gardens in London
From nature reserves to community space, we've dug up some of London's most secret gardens, where you'll find pockets of splendid nature and forget about all your worries.
Queen's Wood
Across the road from the better known Highgate Wood, there is something more magical and quieter about Queen's Wood—its pathways through the mountain ash and cherry trees. It might be only a few hundred metres from Highgate tube station, but native bluebells and countless species of small animals make this a wonderful retreat.
Phoenix Garden
Behind Charing Cross Road this is a super spot for a comfortable lunchtime break. Look out for frogs and sparrows, which are thriving thanks to an enthusiastic conservation initiative. The garden closed last autumn for redevelopment work but has reopened in time to take advantage of a long spell of good weather.
Postman's Park
A short walk from St Paul's Cathedral lies one of London's most touching monuments. Within the quiet Postman's Park, nestled beneath a roof, are just over 50 ceramic plaques (匾牌), each honoring the memory of an ordinary person who lost his or her life trying to save others.
Red Cross Garden
Originally intended to give Southwark children a space to play, this Victorian garden has been restored to its original design, complete with ponds, cottages, bandstands and formal borders. While relaxing in the restored bandstand, it's hard to imagine the view back in 1887 when it was surrounded by workhouses and factories.
1．Which garden is close to a subway station
A．Queen's Wood. B．Phoenix Garden. C．Postman's Park. D．Red Cross Garden.
2．What can you do in Postman's Park
A．Take photos of old workhouses. B．Swim in the pond.
C．Learn stories about selflessness. D．Enjoy a band show.
3．What do Phoenix Garden and Red Cross Garden have in common
A．They have got some repair work. B．They were surrounded by factories.
C．They will be temporarily closed. D．They have the same original design.
Passage 2
When Michael Ford was a kid, he dreamed of being a car designer. But when he was 11, things changed. That's when he went to a car design program and ended up learning about architecture instead.
“As a youngster, I was lucky enough to have some conversations with the people running that summer program，” he told TimeforKids. Talking with designers there stimulated Ford's interest in architecture. He went on to pursue it as a career.
Now Ford hopes to inspire the same interest in other young people. Last year, he launched his own architecture program for kids aged 10 to 17. But his program has an unexpected feature. Campers base their designs on hip hop lyrics. Ford's goal is to inspire a new generation of architects from underrepresented communities.“Only 4% of architects are African Americans，”he said.“Most of our buildings, most of our parks and public spaces, have all been designed by white males. If we can increase diversity, the entire world will now start to experience space from a totally new perspective.”
Ford calls his program the Hip Hop Architecture Camp. The one week camp is offered to students around the country. At the camp, students listen to and read the lyrics of hip hop songs. Then they use some of those lyrics to guide them in planning a city block. On graph paper, each square represents a word. Students build with Lego on each square based on the number of syllables (音节) in each word. In the end, they have what looks like a city skyline. Kids then use a design program called Tinkercad to transform their Lego models into 3D digital versions.
Ford believes this approach helps campers learn that architecture is about more than just construction. “The architect's Number 1 job is to serve people's needs，” he says.“Architecture plays a critical role in determining or challenging how people live in certain communities.”
4．What made Ford change his dream of being a car designer
A．Participation in a program. B．Lack of talent for car designing.
C．Desire for a more promising career. D．Conversations with architecture designers.
5．What is Ford's architecture program aimed at
A．Appealing to young people. B．Popularizing hip pop music.
C．Promoting diversity in the field. D．Connecting music with architecture.
6．If you hear “beautiful”， how many blocks would you use on the square
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
7．What's Ford's opinion about architecture
A．It determines people's needs. B．It influences people's lifestyles.
C．It is just about building things. D．It is about adding more buildings.
Passage 3
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common eye condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry. To see the farther things clearly, you have the option of wearing eyeglasses, or undergoing the more invasive refractive surgery.
But Japan's Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co.Ltd. claims to have developed smart glasses that, if worn just an hour per day, can cure myopia. It projects an image onto the wearers' retina (视网膜) to correct the refractive error that causes nearsightedness. Obviously, wearing the device 60 to 90 minutes a day corrects myopia.
So how does the technology developed by the company work exactly Well, according to a company press release in December of last year, the special glasses rely on micro LEDs to project virtual images on the visual field to make the retina active. Apparently, it can do that without affecting the wearer's daily activities.
Founded by Dr. Ryo Kubota, Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. is still testing the device, known as Kubota Glass, and trying to determine how long the effect lasts after the user wears the device, and how long the ugly looking glasses have to be worn for the correction to be permanent.
Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. began testing the glasses in the summer of last year, and is currently conducting tests on about 25 people in the U．S. to assess the effectiveness of its smart glasses. The company plans to begin selling the device in Asia in the second half of next year where there are more nearsighted people, but it has planned to enter other markets in the future.
8．What does the underlined word “blurry” mean in the first paragraph
A．Familiar. B．Different. C．Impressive. D．Unclear.
9．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．The effect of wearing the smart glasses.
B．The disadvantages of the smart glasses.
C．The working principle of the smart glasses.
D．The correct way of wearing the smart glasses.
10．Why does the company decide to sell the glasses first in Asia
A．It wants to serve the Asians better. B．These glasses are more suitable for Asians.
C．Scientific development is slower in Asia. D．There is more market demand in Asia.
11．What is the purpose of writing the text
A．To solve a problem. B．To introduce a new product.
C．To present a research result. D．To give practical advice.
Passage 4
Summer's here and it won't be long before school aged kids across America start complaining that they're tired of riding their bikes, playing at the park, swimming in the pool...and all the other awesome activities their parents hope would keep them entertained for the next 10 weeks.
Such rapid onset boredom could indicate that the kids have amazing powers of recall. A new study shows that the better your short term memory is, the faster you feel bored and decide you've had enough. The findings appear in the JournalofConsumerResearch.“Though boredom can be physical, like when you feel full after eating too much, we were interested in the psychological side of boredom, like when you're just tired of something.” Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business, and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box.“Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of the same things at very different rates. So if you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference might have to do with memories of past consumption. For example, studies show that people push away from the dinner table sooner when they're asked to describe in detail what they ate earlier for lunch.
The findings suggest that marketers could use our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract (使分心) us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by immersing (使沉浸) ourselves in the memory of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to be fogged (混淆不清的) about it—it might help them have more fun.
12．What can be learned about the rapid onset boredom from the passage
A．It is a physical reaction after lunch.
B．It is more likely to happen to children.
C．It is closely related to short term memory.
D.It occurs physically first and then psychologically.
13．How may people take advantage of the findings
A.Help kids eat more by sharing their feelings about food.
B．Recall activities' details to improve kids' memorizing ability.
C．Talk less about previous snacks to reduce junk food consumption.
D.Keep consumers from remembering experiences to promote goods.
14．How does the author make the findings easy to understand
A．By making comparison. B．By analyzing data.
C．By describing processes. D．By giving examples.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Good Memory Makes for Boredom B．How to Invent Interesting Activities
C．Boring Activities Do Harm to Kids' Memory D．Physical Boredom Affects Psychological Feelings
Passage 5
Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim, but also improves your overall health and well being. Different exercises produce different results, as they focus on different parts of the body. There are four broad exercise categories: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Many people often only focus on one exercise type, but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate. By doing endurance exercises, you are working to keep your heart, lungs, and blood flow system healthy while improving your total fitness. Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
Strength
If you want to build up your muscles, then strength exercises, which are also known as “resistance training”， are right for you. Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks. Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles. This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion, posture, ability to breathe deeply, and blood flow. Also, it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults, helping them stay independent. Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground. Heel to toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
1．How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine
A．By combining different exercise types together.
B.By having sufficient rest between their workouts.
C．By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
D．By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
2．Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person's breathing function
A．Strength and Balance. B．Flexibility and Balance.
C．Endurance and Strength. D．Endurance and Flexibility.
3．Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance related exercises
A．Arms. B．Legs. C．The waist. D．The neck.
Passage 6
A mild mannered cat by day, at night Rusty was just the opposite. Often, Bill and I would lie in bed quarrelling over whether we should let it out to wander in the dark or put up with another sleepless night.
So, instead, we lay in the dark each noisy night and wondered what damage Rusty would do. And always in the morning, if I had forgotten to put the butter in the cupboard, there were marks from a rough, little tongue and once even a paw print.
Something had to give. Bill looked at me straight in the eyes, “Do it.” My reservations were such that it took me several weeks to decide because we didn't have much choice.
That night, I put Rusty on his cat bed and patted him a little guiltily on the head. Then I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water. Rusty loved jumping into a damp sink and then tracking water all over the cupboards and across the kitchen floor. According to the article I saved from a website to my folder, cats used to jumping into your sink won't do it again if they jump in and find a couple of inches of water.
Next, I cleared the cupboards of everything. Then I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork to go with each. According to the article, you should support a cookie sheet with a fork. When your cat jumps on the counter, he will knock down the insecurely balanced cookie sheets. What happens next will stop him from doing it a second time.
Everything in place, I slipped onto our bed quietly, waiting. Suddenly, there came an awfully loud noise of metal. A chain reaction of crashes next. Finally, Rusty rounded the corner in the hall heavily and leaped through our doorway onto the foot of our bed, trembling under our cover. And that was the night Rusty, the Midnight Troublemaker, retired.
4．Which of the following best describes Rusty at night
A．Cold blooded. B．Adorable. C．Good tempered. D．Troublesome.
5．What did Bill mean by saying “Do it”？
A．To leave the cat outdoor. B．To give the cat a lesson.
C．To reserve food for the cat. D．To give the cat more butter.
6．What did the writer do before she went to bed that night
A．Filled the sink with water. B．Laid two traps for the cat.
C．Covered the counter with sheets. D．Cleaned the kitchen thoroughly.
7．How did the author probably feel about the outcome of her effort
A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed. C．Anxious. D．Regretful.
Passage 7
When clouds of radiation began streaming into the air around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, 160，000 residents were told to simply cut and run. However, it seemed only 159，998 residents listened. The other two—Naoto Matsumura and Sakae Kato—remained. The two men would give up everything rather than let other__beings starve.
Living within the 12.5 mile exclusion zone (禁区) around the damaged reactor, the two men, unrelated to one another, both live alone while taking care of dozens of animals that were left behind when the evacuation (撤离) order was given.
Reports from Reuters and DW state that 57 year old Kato has 41 cats who live with him in his home in the mountains along with a dog he adopted named Pochi. Kato says he will stay with his animals and ensure they are comfortable all through their lives.
Matsumura left the city at first but returned shortly after for his own animals. Once he returned, the now 55 year old realized that everyone else's pets and livestock were still there. So he began taking care of a wide community of animals including pigs, cats, dogs, ponies, ostriches, and cows.
GNN reported that Matsumura went back inside the exclusion zone and realized local pet dogs had not eaten for several days. After it became clear that no one was coming back to the neighborhood, he went around unchaining dogs from trees, letting cows out of their barns, and feeding anything in need, which earned him the nickname “Guardian of Fukushima's Animals”．
Everything both Kato and Matsumura are doing is risky. Though proud of what Kato and Matsumura have done, their friends and families hope that they can leave the dangerous area. Yet they seem to be determined in what they are doing and both plan to stay there with the animals, come what may.
8．What does the phrase “other beings” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．Animals. B．People. C．Plants. D．Residents.
9．What kind of person is Sakae Kato
A．Curious. B．Caring. C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.
10．What do we know about Naoto Matsumura
A．He is 57 years old.
B．He knows Kato very well.
C．He has dozens of animals to look after.
D．He lives 12.5 miles from the exclusion zone.
11．What can we infer about the two men from the text
A．They will follow the advice of their families.
B．They will call on more people to protect animals.
C．They stay in the mountains to enjoy loneliness.
D．They have no regard for their own safety.
Passage 8
Have you ever been seized with a kind of warm and unclear feeling when you start an old fashioned game Or maybe when you think back to celebrating the holidays as a kid, something magical just seems to be missing now. That's nostalgia (怀旧).
In the early 20th century, nostalgia was considered a mental condition similar to depression. Anyone separated from their native place for a long time was easy to suffer nostalgia. But over the next few decades, the meaning of nostalgia has expanded from indicating homesickness to a general longing for the past. And rather than an awful disease, it turns out to be seen as a bittersweet experience.
From several former studies, researchers of the University of Southampton supposed nostalgia might protect people from being in a bad mood, even when they think about upsetting things—like death. To test it out, they conducted an experiment, where 75 people wrote about their own deaths, and then did a word completion task, in which they were asked to complete different words based on a six letter word starting with C O F F. The people who thought about dying but didn't get nostalgic answered with many death related words, such as“coffin(棺材)”，while the nostalgic people gave more answers unrelated to death like“coffee”， almost as if they'd never thought about death in the first place.
The researchers think that could mean nostalgia, despite being a complex emotional state that can include feelings of loss and sadness, doesn't generally put people in a negative mood. Instead, by allowing individuals to remember personally meaningful and rewarding experiences, nostalgia can boost psychological well being. These studies are pretty limited, though, and there's still a lot we don't know about nostalgia.
Still, these studies support that nostalgia has a purpose. If people are feeling down, it might cheer them up. But there are also some less helpful side effects. For example, advertisers have discovered how powerful nostalgia is as a marketing technique, for nostalgia in ads can make people part with cash more easily. So, it is not all sugar cookies.
12．What is Paragraph 2 intended to explain
A．The depression caused by long term nostalgia.
B.The mental conditions of people away from home.
C．The understandings of nostalgia in different periods.
D.The relationship between homesickness and nostalgia.
13．How did the researchers prove the result of the former studies
A．By performing a test. B．By introducing a concept.
C．By doing an investigation. D．By conducting an interview.
14．What can we infer about nostalgia from Paragraph 4
A．It needs to be further studied. B．It helps to remove bad feelings.
C．It benefits people's physical health. D．It makes people feel life is complex.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Reasons for Feeling Nostalgia B．The Commercial Values of Nostalgia
C．Nostalgia: A Method for a Better Mood D．Nostalgia: A Bitter and Pleasant Experience
Passage 9
A recent experiment conducted at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Canada has an “Aha！” moment for anyone who wants to form habits that increase everyday happiness and well being.
Researchers walked around the campus handing out $5 or $20 bills, asking participants to spend the money by the end of the day. The participants weren't told what the purpose of the research was, but were only told that they were part of a study. Half the participants were told to spend the money on themselves, and the other half were tasked with spending it to benefit someone else. At the end of the day, those who had spent the money on others reported a greater sense of happiness and well being than those who had spent it on themselves.
Aha! Kindness is connected to happiness. This likely won't surprise many readers who live by the golden rule and generally attempt to anchor our happiness in ways we can contribute to the lives of others. But the UBC study is part of a broader idea that can help us deepen our commitment to these values during the busy holiday season and beyond.
Two students at the university have started a Random Acts of Kindness Club to strengthen that kindness is a daily habit. So far, the group has created public displays of inspirational and practical messages encouraging the community to care for their emotional health. Simple acts of kindness, members say, are benefiting themselves as well as making a difference in the broader community.
Elizabeth Dunn, the professor of psychology who led the research study, added that regularly practicing kindness to others can help us with another kindness habit, one that is often more challenging—kindness to ourselves. She said, “The form of compassion that is perhaps the most beneficial for ourselves is really all about self kindness...that same sort of gentle compassion that we would extend to a treasured friend or maybe a younger person in our life that we care about.”
1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________．
A．making more friends in life B．sharing joy with loved ones
C．emotional health D．forming habits to increase daily happiness
2．What can be inferred about the experiment
A．It focuses on college students' living habits.
B．Its conclusion has caused heated discussion.
C．It offers participants advice on mental health.
D．Its purpose remains secret to the participants.
3．How did the club advertise their idea
A．By displaying some messages. B．By observing the golden rule.
C．By donating money to others. D．By giving inspirational lectures.
4．What's Professor Dunn's attitude to practicing kindness
A．Skeptical. B．Supportive. C．Conservative. D．Tolerant.
Passage 10
It's a simple yet effective message that appeals, and leads to a satisfying way of motivating us to promote environmentalism in our own way.
Born in Nairobi, Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens, and his Trees4Goals is the means with which he intends to make the world greener. It unites two of his self declared passions in life: love of the outdoors, with his love of football. Lesein enjoyed walking in the forest, but he recognized that his country was experiencing a serious loss of tree cover. Between 2001 and 2020, Kenya lost an estimated 11% of trees, releasing as many as 176 million tons of CO2.
In a blog post for WWF Kenya, Lesein revealed that, once he started the Trees4Goals initiative, he originally planned to plant one tree per goal. By 2020, he wanted to take his efforts even further. What started as one tree planted per goal mushroomed into 11 trees planted per goal. Explaining the reasoning behind expanding the tree planting, he said, “It represents team effort in football and the contribution by my team. I have managed to hit the 1，000th tree milestone in the last two years.”
While it's something of an own__goal to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity, innovative initiatives like Trees4Goals are an assured way to score an environmentalist hat trick. Football is popular. It cuts through cultural barriers irrespective of the country it is played in. By increasing the trees planted per goal, with more such initiatives springing up, even more will be grown.
Like a seed, best ideas start small and change into something that can become far larger than anticipated.While Lesein continues planting 11 trees per goal, Kenyan government is aiming to ensure the planting of 1.8 billion trees to reach 10% forest coverage. The science behind is clear: if 900 million hectares are devoted to half a trillion trees, the world can offset (抵消) half of all carbon released since 1960.
1．What gave Lesein the idea of launching the project
A．Release of too much CO2. B．Dream of motivating others.
C．Passion for sports and nature. D．Habit of exercising in the woods.
2．What did Lesein do in 2020
A．He created a blog for WWF. B．He multiplied his commitment.
C．He planted one tree for each goal. D．He extended his work to other teams.
3．What do the underlined words “own goal” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Aim that is intended to achieve. B．Action that harms one's own interests.
C．Pursuit toward which effort is directed. D．Goal that is scored for the opposing team.
4．What can we learn from Lesein's story
A．United, we win. B．No pains, no gains.
C．Love me ，love my dog. D．Small deeds, big difference.
Passage 1
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——伦敦的秘密花园。
【文章大意】 文章介绍了四个各具特色的花园
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Queen's Wood部分的“It might be...Highgate tube station”可知，Queen's Wood离地铁站只有几百米远。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Postman's Park部分中的“Within the quiet...trying to save others”可知，在Postman's Park，有50多块陶瓷匾牌位于屋顶下，每一块都是为了纪念为拯救他人而牺牲的普通人。由此可知，在Postman's Park，人们可以学习到无私奉献的精神。
3．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Phoenix Garden部分中的“The garden closed...good weather”和Red Cross Garden部分中的“this Victorian garden has been restored to its original design”可知，两个地方的共同点是都经过了修复。
Passage 2
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化——嘻哈建筑营
【文章大意】 Michael Ford成立了嘻哈建筑营，该项目旨在增加建筑领域的多样性。Ford认为建筑在决定或挑战人们在特定社区的生活方式方面发挥着关键作用。
4．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Talking with designers there...as a career”可知，和设计师们的谈话激发了Ford对建筑的兴趣，改变了他想成为汽车设计师的梦想，故D项正确。
5．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If we can increase diversity, the entire world will now start to experience space from a totally new perspective”可知，Ford的建筑项目的目的是在建筑领域增加多样性，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Students build with Lego on each square based on the number of syllables（音节）in each word”可知，要用到几块积木取决于单词有几个音节，根据beautiful的音标/?bju：t f l/可知，beautiful由三个音节——bju：，t 和f l组成，故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Ford所说的话“Architecture plays a critical role in determining or challenging how people live in certain communities”可推知，Ford认为建筑可以影响人们的生活方式，故B项正确。
Passage 3
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科技发明——近视眼的福音
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了日本一家公司已经研发出了一种智能眼镜，该公司宣称每天佩戴一小时，就可以治愈近视。它能将图像投射到佩戴者的视网膜上，以矫正导致近视的屈光不正。
8．答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Myopia，or nearsightedness...farther away are blurry”可知，近视是能看清近距离的物体看不清远距离的物体，故画线词的意思应与D项“模糊不清的”最为接近。故选D项。
9．答案与解析：C 段落大意题。根据第三段首句“So how does the technology developed by the company work exactly？”可知，本段主要讲述这种智能眼镜的工作原理。故选C项。
10．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“The company plans...more nearsighted people”可知，亚洲近视的人较多即市场需求大。故选D项。
11．答案与解析：B 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了日本一家公司研发的一种智能眼镜，故其写作目的是介绍一种新产品。故选B项。
Passage 4
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——短期记忆越好则越快感到无聊
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到无聊。
12．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Such rapid onset boredom...had enough”可知，这种快速产生的无聊感可能表明孩子们有惊人的记忆力。一项新的研究表明，你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到无聊。据此可知，无聊与短期记忆密切相关。
13．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The findings suggest...our experiences”可知，研究结果表明，市场营销人员可以通过想办法分散我们的注意力、让我们无法完全记住自己的经历，从而让我们对他们的产品产生渴望。据此可推知，人们会通过不让消费者记住自己的体验来促销商品。
14．答案与解析：D 写作意图题。根据第二段的“The difference might...earlier for lunch”可知，这种差异可能与过去消费的记忆有关。例如，研究表明，当人们被要求详细描述他们早些时候的午餐吃了什么时，他们会更快地离开餐桌。据此可推知，作者通过举例使研究结果易于理解。
15．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段的“A new study...you've had enough”可知，本文主要讲的是一项新的研究表明，你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到无聊，因此A选项“好记性促使人无聊”最适合作本文标题。
Passage 5
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——锻炼——四种锻炼类型
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了四种锻炼类型的作用，这四种锻炼类型分别是耐力性运动、力量运动、柔韧性运动和平衡运动。
1．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段最后一句中的“but including all four in your workout will produce better results”可知，把这四种锻炼类型结合在一起才能使一个人从其锻炼习惯中获益最大。故选A项。
2．答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Endurance部分第一句中的“Endurance exercises increase your breathing”和Flexibility部分第二句中的“ability to breathe deeply”可知，耐力性运动和柔韧性运动这两种锻炼类型都对改善呼吸功能有帮助。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：B 考查推断的能力。根据Balance部分第二句可知，大多数好的平衡运动就是那些能让你的脚保持在地面上不停地移动的运动。由此可推知，腿在与平衡有关的运动中发挥着最重要的作用，故选B项。
Passage 6
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——作者与猫的“较量”
【文章大意】 作者家的猫总是在晚上制造噪声影响他们休息，所以，作者根据网上的攻略，设置了两个陷阱，此后猫再也不在半夜惹麻烦了。
4．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“A mild mannered cat by day...put up with another sleepless night”和第二段中的“each noisy night and wondered what damage Rusty would do”可知，夜晚Rusty是一只喜欢折腾、制造麻烦的猫，故D项正确。mild mannered“温和的，温柔的”。
5．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water...won't do it again”和第五段中的“I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork...stop him from doing it a second time”可以推断，作者通过一些方法想给猫一个教训，让猫在夜晚安静下来并且以后再也不敢制造噪声，故B项正确。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water”和第五段中的“I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork to go with each”可知，作者在睡前给猫设置了两个陷阱，故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：A 观点态度题。根据文章开头对Rusty吵闹情况的描述和最后一段中的“And that was the night Rusty，the Midnight Troublemaker，retired”可以看出，作者应该会对这个结果感到很满意，故A项正确。
Passage 7
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自然——保护动物——福岛动物卫士
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了福岛核电站事故后，当地所有居民被通知撤离，而Sakae Kato和Naoto Matsumura不顾个人安危，选择留在禁区照顾当地的动物。
8．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据句意可以判断，二人选择留下是为了避免“other beings”挨饿，再根据第二段中的“taking care of dozens of animals that were left behind when the evacuation（撤离）order was given”可推知，“other beings”指的是这些动物，故A项正确。
9．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“a dog he adopted named Pochi...through their lives”可知，Kato收养过小狗，他还不顾个人安危，选择留下来照顾动物。由此可知，Kato是一个有爱心的人，故B项正确。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“everyone else's pets and livestock...community of animals”可知，Matsumura有很多动物需要照顾，故C项正确。
11．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“their friends and families...plan to stay there with the animals，come what may”可推知，他们不顾个人安危，选择留守禁区照顾动物，故D项正确。
Passage 8
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会现象——怀旧
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了怀旧的概念以及关于其积极影响的研究，最后也提到了其在商业上的运用。
12．答案与解析：C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段介绍了20世纪早期，怀旧被认为是一种类似于抑郁症的精神状态；并介绍了在其后的几十年里，人们对怀旧的认知已经从对乡愁的理解延伸到对过去的普遍渴望。怀旧不再是一种可怕的疾病而是一种苦乐参半的体验。据此可知，第二段想要解释人们在不同时期对怀旧的理解。
13．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To test it...with C O F F”可知，研究人员是通过做测试来证明之前的研究结果的。
14．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These studies are...don't know about nostalgia”可知，这些研究非常有限，我们对怀旧仍有许多不了解的地方。据此可推知，我们需要进一步研究怀旧。故选A。
15．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。文章第一段描述了复杂的怀旧之情，第二段结尾直接点出其是苦乐参半的体验，后面两段介绍了有关怀旧的研究发现，最后一段尤其是最后一句也表明怀旧是种喜忧参半的体验。据此可知，D项最适合作文章标题。
Passage 9
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——养成增加日常快乐和幸福的习惯
【文章大意】 文章主要讲的是通过行善举养成增加日常快乐和幸福的习惯，这样做不仅有利于社区而且也有利于自身。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“anyone who wants...and well being”可知，对于任何想要养成增加日常快乐和幸福习惯的人来说，这篇文章是特别有用的，故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句可知，参与者没有被告知这项研究的目的是什么，只知道他们是这项研究的一部分。故D项正确。
3．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据题干中的“club”定位到文章第四段的“So far, the group has created...to care for their emotional health”，故可知，到目前为止，该小组已经公开展示鼓舞人心和实用的信息，鼓励社区关心他们的情绪健康。故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：B 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容尤其是Dunn说的话“对我们自己也许最有好处的同情形式真的都是关于自我善良的……我们会把这种同样类型的温柔的同情延伸到我们珍爱的朋友或生活中我们关心的年轻人身上”可知，Dunn对于行善举的态度是支持的，故B项正确。
Passage 10
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——Trees4Goals项目
【文章大意】 肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“It unites two of his self declared passions in life: love of the outdoors, with his love of football”可知，正是对于足球和户外的热爱，才使他开创了这个项目。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“By 2020...planted per goal”可知，到2020年，他想进一步努力。一开始，每个目标只种一棵树，现在变成了每个目标种11棵树。由此可知，他加大了自己的投入。
3．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity”，并结合常识可知，破坏森林和丛林的行为是对自己不好的行为。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Like a seed...larger than anticipated”可知，就像一粒种子，最好的想法从小事开始，然后变成比预期更大的事情。由此可知，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来大的影响。united, we win“团结，我们就会赢”； no pains, no gains“不劳则无获”；love me, love my dog“爱屋及乌”；small deeds, big difference“小事成就大不同”。故选D项。
Hidden gardens in London
From nature reserves to community space, we've dug up some of London's most secret gardens, where you'll find pockets of splendid nature and forget about all your worries.
Queen's Wood
Across the road from the better known Highgate Wood, there is something more magical and quieter about Queen's Wood—its pathways through the mountain ash and cherry trees. It might be only a few hundred metres from Highgate tube station, but native bluebells and countless species of small animals make this a wonderful retreat.
Phoenix Garden
Behind Charing Cross Road this is a super spot for a comfortable lunchtime break. Look out for frogs and sparrows, which are thriving thanks to an enthusiastic conservation initiative. The garden closed last autumn for redevelopment work but has reopened in time to take advantage of a long spell of good weather.
Postman's Park
A short walk from St Paul's Cathedral lies one of London's most touching monuments. Within the quiet Postman's Park, nestled beneath a roof, are just over 50 ceramic plaques (匾牌), each honoring the memory of an ordinary person who lost his or her life trying to save others.
Red Cross Garden
Originally intended to give Southwark children a space to play, this Victorian garden has been restored to its original design, complete with ponds, cottages, bandstands and formal borders. While relaxing in the restored bandstand, it's hard to imagine the view back in 1887 when it was surrounded by workhouses and factories.
1．Which garden is close to a subway station
A．Queen's Wood. B．Phoenix Garden. C．Postman's Park. D．Red Cross Garden.
2．What can you do in Postman's Park
A．Take photos of old workhouses. B．Swim in the pond.
C．Learn stories about selflessness. D．Enjoy a band show.
3．What do Phoenix Garden and Red Cross Garden have in common
A．They have got some repair work. B．They were surrounded by factories.
C．They will be temporarily closed. D．They have the same original design.
Passage 2
When Michael Ford was a kid, he dreamed of being a car designer. But when he was 11, things changed. That's when he went to a car design program and ended up learning about architecture instead.
“As a youngster, I was lucky enough to have some conversations with the people running that summer program，” he told TimeforKids. Talking with designers there stimulated Ford's interest in architecture. He went on to pursue it as a career.
Now Ford hopes to inspire the same interest in other young people. Last year, he launched his own architecture program for kids aged 10 to 17. But his program has an unexpected feature. Campers base their designs on hip hop lyrics. Ford's goal is to inspire a new generation of architects from underrepresented communities.“Only 4% of architects are African Americans，”he said.“Most of our buildings, most of our parks and public spaces, have all been designed by white males. If we can increase diversity, the entire world will now start to experience space from a totally new perspective.”
Ford calls his program the Hip Hop Architecture Camp. The one week camp is offered to students around the country. At the camp, students listen to and read the lyrics of hip hop songs. Then they use some of those lyrics to guide them in planning a city block. On graph paper, each square represents a word. Students build with Lego on each square based on the number of syllables (音节) in each word. In the end, they have what looks like a city skyline. Kids then use a design program called Tinkercad to transform their Lego models into 3D digital versions.
Ford believes this approach helps campers learn that architecture is about more than just construction. “The architect's Number 1 job is to serve people's needs，” he says.“Architecture plays a critical role in determining or challenging how people live in certain communities.”
4．What made Ford change his dream of being a car designer
A．Participation in a program. B．Lack of talent for car designing.
C．Desire for a more promising career. D．Conversations with architecture designers.
5．What is Ford's architecture program aimed at
A．Appealing to young people. B．Popularizing hip pop music.
C．Promoting diversity in the field. D．Connecting music with architecture.
6．If you hear “beautiful”， how many blocks would you use on the square
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
7．What's Ford's opinion about architecture
A．It determines people's needs. B．It influences people's lifestyles.
C．It is just about building things. D．It is about adding more buildings.
Passage 3
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common eye condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry. To see the farther things clearly, you have the option of wearing eyeglasses, or undergoing the more invasive refractive surgery.
But Japan's Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co.Ltd. claims to have developed smart glasses that, if worn just an hour per day, can cure myopia. It projects an image onto the wearers' retina (视网膜) to correct the refractive error that causes nearsightedness. Obviously, wearing the device 60 to 90 minutes a day corrects myopia.
So how does the technology developed by the company work exactly Well, according to a company press release in December of last year, the special glasses rely on micro LEDs to project virtual images on the visual field to make the retina active. Apparently, it can do that without affecting the wearer's daily activities.
Founded by Dr. Ryo Kubota, Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. is still testing the device, known as Kubota Glass, and trying to determine how long the effect lasts after the user wears the device, and how long the ugly looking glasses have to be worn for the correction to be permanent.
Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. began testing the glasses in the summer of last year, and is currently conducting tests on about 25 people in the U．S. to assess the effectiveness of its smart glasses. The company plans to begin selling the device in Asia in the second half of next year where there are more nearsighted people, but it has planned to enter other markets in the future.
8．What does the underlined word “blurry” mean in the first paragraph
A．Familiar. B．Different. C．Impressive. D．Unclear.
9．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．The effect of wearing the smart glasses.
B．The disadvantages of the smart glasses.
C．The working principle of the smart glasses.
D．The correct way of wearing the smart glasses.
10．Why does the company decide to sell the glasses first in Asia
A．It wants to serve the Asians better. B．These glasses are more suitable for Asians.
C．Scientific development is slower in Asia. D．There is more market demand in Asia.
11．What is the purpose of writing the text
A．To solve a problem. B．To introduce a new product.
C．To present a research result. D．To give practical advice.
Passage 4
Summer's here and it won't be long before school aged kids across America start complaining that they're tired of riding their bikes, playing at the park, swimming in the pool...and all the other awesome activities their parents hope would keep them entertained for the next 10 weeks.
Such rapid onset boredom could indicate that the kids have amazing powers of recall. A new study shows that the better your short term memory is, the faster you feel bored and decide you've had enough. The findings appear in the JournalofConsumerResearch.“Though boredom can be physical, like when you feel full after eating too much, we were interested in the psychological side of boredom, like when you're just tired of something.” Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business, and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box.“Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of the same things at very different rates. So if you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference might have to do with memories of past consumption. For example, studies show that people push away from the dinner table sooner when they're asked to describe in detail what they ate earlier for lunch.
The findings suggest that marketers could use our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract (使分心) us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by immersing (使沉浸) ourselves in the memory of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to be fogged (混淆不清的) about it—it might help them have more fun.
12．What can be learned about the rapid onset boredom from the passage
A．It is a physical reaction after lunch.
B．It is more likely to happen to children.
C．It is closely related to short term memory.
D.It occurs physically first and then psychologically.
13．How may people take advantage of the findings
A.Help kids eat more by sharing their feelings about food.
B．Recall activities' details to improve kids' memorizing ability.
C．Talk less about previous snacks to reduce junk food consumption.
D.Keep consumers from remembering experiences to promote goods.
14．How does the author make the findings easy to understand
A．By making comparison. B．By analyzing data.
C．By describing processes. D．By giving examples.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Good Memory Makes for Boredom B．How to Invent Interesting Activities
C．Boring Activities Do Harm to Kids' Memory D．Physical Boredom Affects Psychological Feelings
Passage 5
Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim, but also improves your overall health and well being. Different exercises produce different results, as they focus on different parts of the body. There are four broad exercise categories: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Many people often only focus on one exercise type, but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate. By doing endurance exercises, you are working to keep your heart, lungs, and blood flow system healthy while improving your total fitness. Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
Strength
If you want to build up your muscles, then strength exercises, which are also known as “resistance training”， are right for you. Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks. Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles. This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion, posture, ability to breathe deeply, and blood flow. Also, it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults, helping them stay independent. Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground. Heel to toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
1．How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine
A．By combining different exercise types together.
B.By having sufficient rest between their workouts.
C．By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
D．By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
2．Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person's breathing function
A．Strength and Balance. B．Flexibility and Balance.
C．Endurance and Strength. D．Endurance and Flexibility.
3．Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance related exercises
A．Arms. B．Legs. C．The waist. D．The neck.
Passage 6
A mild mannered cat by day, at night Rusty was just the opposite. Often, Bill and I would lie in bed quarrelling over whether we should let it out to wander in the dark or put up with another sleepless night.
So, instead, we lay in the dark each noisy night and wondered what damage Rusty would do. And always in the morning, if I had forgotten to put the butter in the cupboard, there were marks from a rough, little tongue and once even a paw print.
Something had to give. Bill looked at me straight in the eyes, “Do it.” My reservations were such that it took me several weeks to decide because we didn't have much choice.
That night, I put Rusty on his cat bed and patted him a little guiltily on the head. Then I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water. Rusty loved jumping into a damp sink and then tracking water all over the cupboards and across the kitchen floor. According to the article I saved from a website to my folder, cats used to jumping into your sink won't do it again if they jump in and find a couple of inches of water.
Next, I cleared the cupboards of everything. Then I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork to go with each. According to the article, you should support a cookie sheet with a fork. When your cat jumps on the counter, he will knock down the insecurely balanced cookie sheets. What happens next will stop him from doing it a second time.
Everything in place, I slipped onto our bed quietly, waiting. Suddenly, there came an awfully loud noise of metal. A chain reaction of crashes next. Finally, Rusty rounded the corner in the hall heavily and leaped through our doorway onto the foot of our bed, trembling under our cover. And that was the night Rusty, the Midnight Troublemaker, retired.
4．Which of the following best describes Rusty at night
A．Cold blooded. B．Adorable. C．Good tempered. D．Troublesome.
5．What did Bill mean by saying “Do it”？
A．To leave the cat outdoor. B．To give the cat a lesson.
C．To reserve food for the cat. D．To give the cat more butter.
6．What did the writer do before she went to bed that night
A．Filled the sink with water. B．Laid two traps for the cat.
C．Covered the counter with sheets. D．Cleaned the kitchen thoroughly.
7．How did the author probably feel about the outcome of her effort
A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed. C．Anxious. D．Regretful.
Passage 7
When clouds of radiation began streaming into the air around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, 160，000 residents were told to simply cut and run. However, it seemed only 159，998 residents listened. The other two—Naoto Matsumura and Sakae Kato—remained. The two men would give up everything rather than let other__beings starve.
Living within the 12.5 mile exclusion zone (禁区) around the damaged reactor, the two men, unrelated to one another, both live alone while taking care of dozens of animals that were left behind when the evacuation (撤离) order was given.
Reports from Reuters and DW state that 57 year old Kato has 41 cats who live with him in his home in the mountains along with a dog he adopted named Pochi. Kato says he will stay with his animals and ensure they are comfortable all through their lives.
Matsumura left the city at first but returned shortly after for his own animals. Once he returned, the now 55 year old realized that everyone else's pets and livestock were still there. So he began taking care of a wide community of animals including pigs, cats, dogs, ponies, ostriches, and cows.
GNN reported that Matsumura went back inside the exclusion zone and realized local pet dogs had not eaten for several days. After it became clear that no one was coming back to the neighborhood, he went around unchaining dogs from trees, letting cows out of their barns, and feeding anything in need, which earned him the nickname “Guardian of Fukushima's Animals”．
Everything both Kato and Matsumura are doing is risky. Though proud of what Kato and Matsumura have done, their friends and families hope that they can leave the dangerous area. Yet they seem to be determined in what they are doing and both plan to stay there with the animals, come what may.
8．What does the phrase “other beings” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．Animals. B．People. C．Plants. D．Residents.
9．What kind of person is Sakae Kato
A．Curious. B．Caring. C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.
10．What do we know about Naoto Matsumura
A．He is 57 years old.
B．He knows Kato very well.
C．He has dozens of animals to look after.
D．He lives 12.5 miles from the exclusion zone.
11．What can we infer about the two men from the text
A．They will follow the advice of their families.
B．They will call on more people to protect animals.
C．They stay in the mountains to enjoy loneliness.
D．They have no regard for their own safety.
Passage 8
Have you ever been seized with a kind of warm and unclear feeling when you start an old fashioned game Or maybe when you think back to celebrating the holidays as a kid, something magical just seems to be missing now. That's nostalgia (怀旧).
In the early 20th century, nostalgia was considered a mental condition similar to depression. Anyone separated from their native place for a long time was easy to suffer nostalgia. But over the next few decades, the meaning of nostalgia has expanded from indicating homesickness to a general longing for the past. And rather than an awful disease, it turns out to be seen as a bittersweet experience.
From several former studies, researchers of the University of Southampton supposed nostalgia might protect people from being in a bad mood, even when they think about upsetting things—like death. To test it out, they conducted an experiment, where 75 people wrote about their own deaths, and then did a word completion task, in which they were asked to complete different words based on a six letter word starting with C O F F. The people who thought about dying but didn't get nostalgic answered with many death related words, such as“coffin(棺材)”，while the nostalgic people gave more answers unrelated to death like“coffee”， almost as if they'd never thought about death in the first place.
The researchers think that could mean nostalgia, despite being a complex emotional state that can include feelings of loss and sadness, doesn't generally put people in a negative mood. Instead, by allowing individuals to remember personally meaningful and rewarding experiences, nostalgia can boost psychological well being. These studies are pretty limited, though, and there's still a lot we don't know about nostalgia.
Still, these studies support that nostalgia has a purpose. If people are feeling down, it might cheer them up. But there are also some less helpful side effects. For example, advertisers have discovered how powerful nostalgia is as a marketing technique, for nostalgia in ads can make people part with cash more easily. So, it is not all sugar cookies.
12．What is Paragraph 2 intended to explain
A．The depression caused by long term nostalgia.
B.The mental conditions of people away from home.
C．The understandings of nostalgia in different periods.
D.The relationship between homesickness and nostalgia.
13．How did the researchers prove the result of the former studies
A．By performing a test. B．By introducing a concept.
C．By doing an investigation. D．By conducting an interview.
14．What can we infer about nostalgia from Paragraph 4
A．It needs to be further studied. B．It helps to remove bad feelings.
C．It benefits people's physical health. D．It makes people feel life is complex.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Reasons for Feeling Nostalgia B．The Commercial Values of Nostalgia
C．Nostalgia: A Method for a Better Mood D．Nostalgia: A Bitter and Pleasant Experience
Passage 9
A recent experiment conducted at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Canada has an “Aha！” moment for anyone who wants to form habits that increase everyday happiness and well being.
Researchers walked around the campus handing out $5 or $20 bills, asking participants to spend the money by the end of the day. The participants weren't told what the purpose of the research was, but were only told that they were part of a study. Half the participants were told to spend the money on themselves, and the other half were tasked with spending it to benefit someone else. At the end of the day, those who had spent the money on others reported a greater sense of happiness and well being than those who had spent it on themselves.
Aha! Kindness is connected to happiness. This likely won't surprise many readers who live by the golden rule and generally attempt to anchor our happiness in ways we can contribute to the lives of others. But the UBC study is part of a broader idea that can help us deepen our commitment to these values during the busy holiday season and beyond.
Two students at the university have started a Random Acts of Kindness Club to strengthen that kindness is a daily habit. So far, the group has created public displays of inspirational and practical messages encouraging the community to care for their emotional health. Simple acts of kindness, members say, are benefiting themselves as well as making a difference in the broader community.
Elizabeth Dunn, the professor of psychology who led the research study, added that regularly practicing kindness to others can help us with another kindness habit, one that is often more challenging—kindness to ourselves. She said, “The form of compassion that is perhaps the most beneficial for ourselves is really all about self kindness...that same sort of gentle compassion that we would extend to a treasured friend or maybe a younger person in our life that we care about.”
1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________．
A．making more friends in life B．sharing joy with loved ones
C．emotional health D．forming habits to increase daily happiness
2．What can be inferred about the experiment
A．It focuses on college students' living habits.
B．Its conclusion has caused heated discussion.
C．It offers participants advice on mental health.
D．Its purpose remains secret to the participants.
3．How did the club advertise their idea
A．By displaying some messages. B．By observing the golden rule.
C．By donating money to others. D．By giving inspirational lectures.
4．What's Professor Dunn's attitude to practicing kindness
A．Skeptical. B．Supportive. C．Conservative. D．Tolerant.
Passage 10
It's a simple yet effective message that appeals, and leads to a satisfying way of motivating us to promote environmentalism in our own way.
Born in Nairobi, Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens, and his Trees4Goals is the means with which he intends to make the world greener. It unites two of his self declared passions in life: love of the outdoors, with his love of football. Lesein enjoyed walking in the forest, but he recognized that his country was experiencing a serious loss of tree cover. Between 2001 and 2020, Kenya lost an estimated 11% of trees, releasing as many as 176 million tons of CO2.
In a blog post for WWF Kenya, Lesein revealed that, once he started the Trees4Goals initiative, he originally planned to plant one tree per goal. By 2020, he wanted to take his efforts even further. What started as one tree planted per goal mushroomed into 11 trees planted per goal. Explaining the reasoning behind expanding the tree planting, he said, “It represents team effort in football and the contribution by my team. I have managed to hit the 1，000th tree milestone in the last two years.”
While it's something of an own__goal to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity, innovative initiatives like Trees4Goals are an assured way to score an environmentalist hat trick. Football is popular. It cuts through cultural barriers irrespective of the country it is played in. By increasing the trees planted per goal, with more such initiatives springing up, even more will be grown.
Like a seed, best ideas start small and change into something that can become far larger than anticipated.While Lesein continues planting 11 trees per goal, Kenyan government is aiming to ensure the planting of 1.8 billion trees to reach 10% forest coverage. The science behind is clear: if 900 million hectares are devoted to half a trillion trees, the world can offset (抵消) half of all carbon released since 1960.
1．What gave Lesein the idea of launching the project
A．Release of too much CO2. B．Dream of motivating others.
C．Passion for sports and nature. D．Habit of exercising in the woods.
2．What did Lesein do in 2020
A．He created a blog for WWF. B．He multiplied his commitment.
C．He planted one tree for each goal. D．He extended his work to other teams.
3．What do the underlined words “own goal” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Aim that is intended to achieve. B．Action that harms one's own interests.
C．Pursuit toward which effort is directed. D．Goal that is scored for the opposing team.
4．What can we learn from Lesein's story
A．United, we win. B．No pains, no gains.
C．Love me ，love my dog. D．Small deeds, big difference.
Passage 1
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——伦敦的秘密花园。
【文章大意】 文章介绍了四个各具特色的花园
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Queen's Wood部分的“It might be...Highgate tube station”可知，Queen's Wood离地铁站只有几百米远。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Postman's Park部分中的“Within the quiet...trying to save others”可知，在Postman's Park，有50多块陶瓷匾牌位于屋顶下，每一块都是为了纪念为拯救他人而牺牲的普通人。由此可知，在Postman's Park，人们可以学习到无私奉献的精神。
3．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Phoenix Garden部分中的“The garden closed...good weather”和Red Cross Garden部分中的“this Victorian garden has been restored to its original design”可知，两个地方的共同点是都经过了修复。
Passage 2
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化——嘻哈建筑营
【文章大意】 Michael Ford成立了嘻哈建筑营，该项目旨在增加建筑领域的多样性。Ford认为建筑在决定或挑战人们在特定社区的生活方式方面发挥着关键作用。
4．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Talking with designers there...as a career”可知，和设计师们的谈话激发了Ford对建筑的兴趣，改变了他想成为汽车设计师的梦想，故D项正确。
5．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If we can increase diversity, the entire world will now start to experience space from a totally new perspective”可知，Ford的建筑项目的目的是在建筑领域增加多样性，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Students build with Lego on each square based on the number of syllables（音节）in each word”可知，要用到几块积木取决于单词有几个音节，根据beautiful的音标/?bju：t f l/可知，beautiful由三个音节——bju：，t 和f l组成，故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Ford所说的话“Architecture plays a critical role in determining or challenging how people live in certain communities”可推知，Ford认为建筑可以影响人们的生活方式，故B项正确。
Passage 3
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科技发明——近视眼的福音
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了日本一家公司已经研发出了一种智能眼镜，该公司宣称每天佩戴一小时，就可以治愈近视。它能将图像投射到佩戴者的视网膜上，以矫正导致近视的屈光不正。
8．答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Myopia，or nearsightedness...farther away are blurry”可知，近视是能看清近距离的物体看不清远距离的物体，故画线词的意思应与D项“模糊不清的”最为接近。故选D项。
9．答案与解析：C 段落大意题。根据第三段首句“So how does the technology developed by the company work exactly？”可知，本段主要讲述这种智能眼镜的工作原理。故选C项。
10．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“The company plans...more nearsighted people”可知，亚洲近视的人较多即市场需求大。故选D项。
11．答案与解析：B 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了日本一家公司研发的一种智能眼镜，故其写作目的是介绍一种新产品。故选B项。
Passage 4
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——短期记忆越好则越快感到无聊
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到无聊。
12．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Such rapid onset boredom...had enough”可知，这种快速产生的无聊感可能表明孩子们有惊人的记忆力。一项新的研究表明，你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到无聊。据此可知，无聊与短期记忆密切相关。
13．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The findings suggest...our experiences”可知，研究结果表明，市场营销人员可以通过想办法分散我们的注意力、让我们无法完全记住自己的经历，从而让我们对他们的产品产生渴望。据此可推知，人们会通过不让消费者记住自己的体验来促销商品。
14．答案与解析：D 写作意图题。根据第二段的“The difference might...earlier for lunch”可知，这种差异可能与过去消费的记忆有关。例如，研究表明，当人们被要求详细描述他们早些时候的午餐吃了什么时，他们会更快地离开餐桌。据此可推知，作者通过举例使研究结果易于理解。
15．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段的“A new study...you've had enough”可知，本文主要讲的是一项新的研究表明，你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到无聊，因此A选项“好记性促使人无聊”最适合作本文标题。
Passage 5
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——锻炼——四种锻炼类型
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了四种锻炼类型的作用，这四种锻炼类型分别是耐力性运动、力量运动、柔韧性运动和平衡运动。
1．答案与解析：A 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段最后一句中的“but including all four in your workout will produce better results”可知，把这四种锻炼类型结合在一起才能使一个人从其锻炼习惯中获益最大。故选A项。
2．答案与解析：D 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Endurance部分第一句中的“Endurance exercises increase your breathing”和Flexibility部分第二句中的“ability to breathe deeply”可知，耐力性运动和柔韧性运动这两种锻炼类型都对改善呼吸功能有帮助。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：B 考查推断的能力。根据Balance部分第二句可知，大多数好的平衡运动就是那些能让你的脚保持在地面上不停地移动的运动。由此可推知，腿在与平衡有关的运动中发挥着最重要的作用，故选B项。
Passage 6
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——作者与猫的“较量”
【文章大意】 作者家的猫总是在晚上制造噪声影响他们休息，所以，作者根据网上的攻略，设置了两个陷阱，此后猫再也不在半夜惹麻烦了。
4．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“A mild mannered cat by day...put up with another sleepless night”和第二段中的“each noisy night and wondered what damage Rusty would do”可知，夜晚Rusty是一只喜欢折腾、制造麻烦的猫，故D项正确。mild mannered“温和的，温柔的”。
5．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water...won't do it again”和第五段中的“I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork...stop him from doing it a second time”可以推断，作者通过一些方法想给猫一个教训，让猫在夜晚安静下来并且以后再也不敢制造噪声，故B项正确。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water”和第五段中的“I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork to go with each”可知，作者在睡前给猫设置了两个陷阱，故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：A 观点态度题。根据文章开头对Rusty吵闹情况的描述和最后一段中的“And that was the night Rusty，the Midnight Troublemaker，retired”可以看出，作者应该会对这个结果感到很满意，故A项正确。
Passage 7
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自然——保护动物——福岛动物卫士
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了福岛核电站事故后，当地所有居民被通知撤离，而Sakae Kato和Naoto Matsumura不顾个人安危，选择留在禁区照顾当地的动物。
8．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据句意可以判断，二人选择留下是为了避免“other beings”挨饿，再根据第二段中的“taking care of dozens of animals that were left behind when the evacuation（撤离）order was given”可推知，“other beings”指的是这些动物，故A项正确。
9．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“a dog he adopted named Pochi...through their lives”可知，Kato收养过小狗，他还不顾个人安危，选择留下来照顾动物。由此可知，Kato是一个有爱心的人，故B项正确。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“everyone else's pets and livestock...community of animals”可知，Matsumura有很多动物需要照顾，故C项正确。
11．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“their friends and families...plan to stay there with the animals，come what may”可推知，他们不顾个人安危，选择留守禁区照顾动物，故D项正确。
Passage 8
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会现象——怀旧
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了怀旧的概念以及关于其积极影响的研究，最后也提到了其在商业上的运用。
12．答案与解析：C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段介绍了20世纪早期，怀旧被认为是一种类似于抑郁症的精神状态；并介绍了在其后的几十年里，人们对怀旧的认知已经从对乡愁的理解延伸到对过去的普遍渴望。怀旧不再是一种可怕的疾病而是一种苦乐参半的体验。据此可知，第二段想要解释人们在不同时期对怀旧的理解。
13．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To test it...with C O F F”可知，研究人员是通过做测试来证明之前的研究结果的。
14．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These studies are...don't know about nostalgia”可知，这些研究非常有限，我们对怀旧仍有许多不了解的地方。据此可推知，我们需要进一步研究怀旧。故选A。
15．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。文章第一段描述了复杂的怀旧之情，第二段结尾直接点出其是苦乐参半的体验，后面两段介绍了有关怀旧的研究发现，最后一段尤其是最后一句也表明怀旧是种喜忧参半的体验。据此可知，D项最适合作文章标题。
Passage 9
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——养成增加日常快乐和幸福的习惯
【文章大意】 文章主要讲的是通过行善举养成增加日常快乐和幸福的习惯，这样做不仅有利于社区而且也有利于自身。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“anyone who wants...and well being”可知，对于任何想要养成增加日常快乐和幸福习惯的人来说，这篇文章是特别有用的，故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句可知，参与者没有被告知这项研究的目的是什么，只知道他们是这项研究的一部分。故D项正确。
3．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据题干中的“club”定位到文章第四段的“So far, the group has created...to care for their emotional health”，故可知，到目前为止，该小组已经公开展示鼓舞人心和实用的信息，鼓励社区关心他们的情绪健康。故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：B 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容尤其是Dunn说的话“对我们自己也许最有好处的同情形式真的都是关于自我善良的……我们会把这种同样类型的温柔的同情延伸到我们珍爱的朋友或生活中我们关心的年轻人身上”可知，Dunn对于行善举的态度是支持的，故B项正确。
Passage 10
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——Trees4Goals项目
【文章大意】 肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“It unites two of his self declared passions in life: love of the outdoors, with his love of football”可知，正是对于足球和户外的热爱，才使他开创了这个项目。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“By 2020...planted per goal”可知，到2020年，他想进一步努力。一开始，每个目标只种一棵树，现在变成了每个目标种11棵树。由此可知，他加大了自己的投入。
3．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous biodiversity”，并结合常识可知，破坏森林和丛林的行为是对自己不好的行为。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Like a seed...larger than anticipated”可知，就像一粒种子，最好的想法从小事开始，然后变成比预期更大的事情。由此可知，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来大的影响。united, we win“团结，我们就会赢”； no pains, no gains“不劳则无获”；love me, love my dog“爱屋及乌”；small deeds, big difference“小事成就大不同”。故选D项。