2024年中考英语复习提高训练： 阅读理解之说明文（江苏省宿迁市）
A
①There are a few ways in which Chinese restaurants are different from Western restaurants. Chinese restaurant culture is broad and profound.
②Consider how Westerners go about eating at restaurants. Everyone always gets their own menu and orders their own food. And, since the tables are usually small, it is quite difficult to talk to—or even see—more than a few people during the meal.
③While in modern China there are many Western-style restaurants, the traditional Chinese restaurant experience is quite different from in the West. Usually, everyone sits at large, round tables where it is easy to see and talk with each other, even if it is a rather large group. One person orders the food for everyone, after considering the likes and dislikes of the other people in the group. Then, when the food comes, all of it is put in the middle of the table. Everyone then serves themselves by taking a small bit of food and putting it on their own plates.
④Just as in the West, people can choose what they want to eat. However, while in the West, importance is placed on the individual (个人) and having one's own preferences, in China importance is placed on sharing and community. Instead of seeing themselves as individuals first, and part of the group second, Chinese people generally see themselves as part of the group first and individuals second. Everyone still gets what they want, but it is a shared experience.
⑤Finally, since people are seated at a round table, everyone is treated equally. No one person is given greater importance over another. However, respect is still shown to older people or people of higher status, as they always sit at the far end of the room facing the door.
⑥China has many different styles of food and a wide range of ingredients and cooking methods. And so, when you are in China, you should make an effort to enjoy Chinese food as much as possible. However, you should also make an effort to enjoy it as the Chinese do-as a group experience-a time for sharing. family, and friendship.
1．In China, what is placed in an important place about choosing the food by Chinese people
A．The individual. B．Price.
C．Sharing. D．Their own preferences.
2．The writer mainly develops his idea by _______.
A．listing numbers B．raising questions C．telling a story D．comparing facts
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Chinese restaurant culture isn’t only just food.
B．The Western restaurants.
C．The Chinese food.
D．The different food in the world.
4．What’s the structure of the passage
A．①②/③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文分析了中餐和西餐在进食方面的不同以及中餐背后所代表的不同的意义。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段“in China importance is placed on sharing and community.”可知，在中国吃饭选择食物时人们重视分享。故选C。
2．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文分析了中餐和西餐在进食方面的不同以及中餐背后所代表的不同的意义。故推断出这篇文章是通过对比事实来表述他的想法的。故选D。
3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文分析了中餐和西餐在进食方面的不同以及中餐背后所代表的不同的意义。故选项A“中国的餐饮文化不仅仅是食物。”为最佳标题。故选A。
4．篇章结构题。第一段总述了中餐饭店与西餐饭店有差异性；第二、三、四、五段分别介绍了中餐和西餐在进食方面的不同；第六段总结了中餐背后的意义。故选D。
B
Some experts say that robots will take away human jobs with the rapid development of AI. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs showed that AI could do a quarter of the work done by humans. Across the European Union and the US, the report further notes that 300 million jobs could be lost to automation (自动化).
Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts also add that there are still things AI cannot do. These tasks have clear human qualities (特征), like emotional intelligence (情商) and creative
thinking.
“I think there are generally three kinds of jobs that are going to be safe,” says Martin Ford, writer of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Trans form Everything. “The first would be jobs that are creative enough to come up with new ideas and build something new.”
The second is jobs that require complicated interpersonal relationships. Ford points to nurses, businessmen and reporters. “These are jobs,” he says, “where you need a very deep understanding of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact (交流) in the kinds of ways that really build relationships.”
“The third safe one,” says Ford, “is jobs that really require lots of mobility (机动性) and dexterity (灵活性) and problem-solving ability in unpredictable environments. These are the kinds of jobs where you’re dealing with a new situation all the time, so they are probably the hardest of anything to automate.”
“It’s important to note,” says Ford, “that a higher education or a high-paying position is not a protection against AI takeover. In short, looking for roles in changing environments that include unpredictable tasks is a good way to stop jobs from being taken by AI. At least, for a while.”
5．What does the underlined phrase “These tasks” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The jobs AI cannot do. B．Some pieces of bad news.
C．The jobs taken by AI. D．Some creative thinking jobs.
6．Which of the following is a good way to stop human jobs from being replaced by AI
A．Getting a higher education. B．Repeating a task many times.
C．Having a high-paying position. D．Dealing with various tasks well.
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Martin Ford
A．AI can have a deep understanding of humans.
B．Being a businessman is one of the hardest jobs.
C．Jobs with creative thinking are less at risk of being replaced.
D．Most of the work done by humans will be taken by AI soon.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Some good ways to get jobs.
B．The jobs that won’t be taken by AI.
C．Different opinions about jobs.
D．The fight between AI and humans.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了哪些工作不会被AI取代。
5．词义猜测题。根据“The experts also add that there are still things AI cannot do. These tasks have clear human qualities (特征), like emotional intelligence (情商) and creative thinking.”可知AI仍然有一些事情做不到，这些任务具有明确的人类素质，故此处划线部分指代“指的是AI不能做的工作”。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据“In short, looking for roles in changing environments that include unpredictable tasks is a good way to stop jobs from being taken by AI”可知在不断变化的环境中寻找角色，包括不可预测的任务，是阻止AI取代人类工作的好方法，即能很好地处理各种任务。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据“The first would be jobs that are creative enough to come up with new ideas and build something new.”可知有足够创造力的工作被AI取代的可能性更小一点。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了哪些工作不会被AI取代。故选B。
C
Diarrhea 9 messages for children to learn & share
1. Diarrhea (腹泻) is watery poo (排便) that happens three or more times a day. It can lead to dangerous dehydration (脱水).
2. Diarrhea is caused by tiny germs (细菌) that are too small to see. Germs live all around us! Germs travel easily from our fingers, food, drinks, cups and spoons into our mouths and bodies.
3. Diarrhea causes us to lose vital fluids (液体) from our bodies. We need to replace fluids and salts to keep the body strong and prevent serious illness or even death from dehydration.
4. A child with dehydration can have a dry mouth and tongue, sunken (凹陷的) eyes, no tears,
loose skin, cool hands and feet. If you see these signs, go to a clinic as quickly as you can.
5. ORS stands for oral rehydration solution (口服补液盐), the best drink to prevent and treat (治疗) dehydration. You can find the ORS at clinics (诊所) and shops.
6. Prevent dehydration by using ORS as soon as diarrhea begins. Mix ORS correctly with clean and safe water. Breast milk (母乳) is best for babies.
7. Children doing more than three watery poos a day or bloody (带血的) poo or who start to throw up must be seen by a health worker. Give them ORS or other fluids while waiting to be seen.
8. Young children with diarrhea need everyday mashed (糊状的) food and soups as often as possible to make their bodies stronger.
9. Prevent germs spreading! Develop everyday habits like proper handwashing with soap and good hygiene (卫生) after the toilet, before eating and preparing food.
9．Why does diarrhea happen
A．Too many vital fluids in our bodies have been lost.
B．Serious illness causes dehydration.
C．Germs around us come into our bodies.
D．Germs in our body are too small to see.
10．Which is the best way for babies to prevent diarrhea
A．Drink breast milk mixed with ORS.
B．Have tasty food and soups more often.
C．Don’t poo over three times a day.
D．Use drinking water to bathe in.
11．What can you do to stay away from germs
a. Exercise to make your body stronger.
b. Keep clean after using the toilet.
c. Wash hands before meals.
d. Drink more water.
A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd
12．Where does the text probably show up
A．A magazine for scientific discoveries. B．A storybook for children.
C．A website for children’s health. D．A paper for advertisements.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章给儿童介绍了九条关于腹泻的知识。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Germs travel easily from our fingers, food, drinks, cups and spoons into our mouths and bodies.”可知，腹泻发生的原因是外界的细菌进入了我们的身体。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段“Mix ORS correctly with clean and safe water. Breast milk is best for babies.”可知，对于婴儿来说，母乳和口服补盐液是最好的防止脱水的方法。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第九段“Develop everyday habits like proper handwashing with soap and good hygiene after the toilet, before eating and preparing food.”可知，我们可以通过便后清洁和饭前洗手来远离细菌，b和c正确。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据本文主要讲述儿童腹泻相关内容，可知本文可能出现在与儿童健康相关的网站上。故选C。
D
The Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟) were a center of Buddhist life and some of the world’s great cultures for hundreds of years. However, by the late Qing Dynasty they had been abandoned (废弃) and nearly forgotten and many of the caves had become damaged by the weather. Around 1900, with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents, the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers. Unluckily, this resulted in tens of thousands of items from the caves being taken to foreign museums.
In the 1940s, many researchers and artists visited the area to study traditional Chinese art. Copies of some of the artwork painted by respected artists such as Zhang Daqian and Guan Shanyue helped people all over the country learn about Dunhuang. These artists were also inspired by the artwork they saw in the caves and it began to influence their painting styles. Others stayed in the desert for much longer. Chang Shuhong stayed for the rest of his life—struggling to record the cultural treasures and protect them from the weather. As a result of their efforts, the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes.
In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the caves are open to the public, access (权限) is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However, the
caves can be seen online in digital versions (数码版) so that people around the world can study and enjoy them.
Though it is remote, the Mogao Grottoes continue to draw visitors. And just as the sand and desert have survived largely unchanged through the centuries, this small art gallery in the desert has also survived largely unchanged providing an amazing look at a world long ago past.
13．When did the Mogao Grottoes gain the world’s attention again
A．Hundreds of years ago. B．In the late Qing Dynasty.
C．Around the beginning of the 20th century. D．In the late eighties of the 20th century.
14．Why does the writer mention the artists in the 1940s
A．To learn about their works. B．To show how hard they worked.
C．To compare their different styles. D．To praise their contributions.
15．When people can’t visit the caves, ________.
A．they can do researches online B．they can enjoy the digital versions
C．they can watch copies in art galleries D．they can study them in foreign museums
16．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Mogao Grottoes—Center of Buddhist Life
B．The Mogao Grottoes—Art Gallery in the Desert
C．Respected artists—Protectors of the Mogao Grottoes
D．An Amazing Tourist Attraction—The Mogao Grottoes
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．B 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莫高窟的概况、历史以及现状。
13．细节理解题。根据“Around 1900, with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents, the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers.”可知，1900年左右，即20世纪初，随着一个藏有数千份古代文献的图书馆的发现，这些洞穴引起了中外研究人员的新兴趣。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据“Copies of some of the artwork painted by respected artists such as Zhang Daqian and Guan Shanyue helped people all over the country learn about Dunhuang... Chang Shuhong stayed for the rest of his life—struggling to record the cultural treasures and protect them from the weather. As a result of their efforts, the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes.”可知，张大千和关山月等受人尊敬的艺术家所画的一些艺术品的
复制品帮助全国各地的人们了解敦煌，常书鸿在沙漠中度过了他的余生，他努力记录这些文化宝藏，并保护它们不受天气的影响，在他们的努力下，保护和研究莫高窟的敦煌研究院成立了。由此可见，作者提及20世纪40年代的艺术家们是为了赞赏他们在传承莫高窟文化上的贡献。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“While the caves are open to the public, access (权限) is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However, the caves can be seen online in digital versions (数码版) so that people around the world can study and enjoy them.”可知，为了保护艺术品，现在莫高窟被限制进入，然而，人们可以在网上以数字形式看到，研究和欣赏它们。故选B。
16．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，主要介绍了莫高窟的概况、历史以及莫高窟的艺术价值，因此选项B“莫高窟——沙漠中的美术馆”最适合作为标题。故选B。
E
How much water is there on the moon This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper.
Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass.
The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.
The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms.
The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind.
If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long
stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future.
17．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon
A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used.
C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water.
18．How might astronauts get water from the beads
A．By breaking them to get the water out.
B．By collecting as much from them as they can.
C．By turning the hydrogen into water.
D．By putting them under the sunlight.
19．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3
A．To explain what is glass beads.
B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great.
C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon.
D．To tell us where to find the water
20．What can we infer from the passage above
A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon.
B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water.
C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind.
D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think.
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了来自中国和英国的科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。
17．细节理解题。根据“Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water ‘reservoirs’, said a recent paper.”和“It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads of glass.”可知，中国和英国的科学家发现月球上有可能含有水的玻璃珠。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据“This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen ... in the
glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,”可知，这种“水”不是液体，而是氢气的形式，可以转化为我们需要的水。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据“The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.”可知，嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面带回了玻璃珠，可以证明这种玻璃珠是存在的。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据“If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a ‘really big deal’ for space exploration”和“Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website.”可知，现在宇航员在空间站长期停留期间需要循环利用水，如果珠子里的水很容易获得，这对太空探索来说将是件大事，由此可推断，宇航员们日后将不必担心缺水了。故选B。
F
A heat wave roasted* hundreds of thousands of people across the Pacific Northwest, taking away hundreds of lives. Climate change has made heat waves like this one more frequent and stronger than those from any other point in recorded history.
The following is what happens if you’re one of the next people whom heat wave kills, according to W. Lawrence Kenney, an expert from Penn State University. First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.
If heat stroke* happens, your body might get too hot and send much blood to the skin, as a result, it fails* those important organs in your body. You might require an emergency transplant to survive the organ failure. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal* temperature might start to climb from a normal level of about 98 degrees Fahrenheit to somewhere closer to 104 degrees.
At that temperature, the brain becomes affected and you may feel it start as a headache. Before long, you might not know where you are or what time it is. If you are not treated in time, what follows is a series of organ failure that leads to all but certain death. And that’s just part of what we know about how heat wave kills you.
“It’s important for people to understand that there’s still a lot we don’t know about heat stroke and who’s most likely to be harmed,” Kenney said, “That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory. A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people who have died of heat stroke.”
roast v. 烤；sweat n. 汗液；pump v. （心脏）泵送血液；heat stroke 中暑；fail v. 使……衰竭；internal adj. 体内的
21．Which of the following will happen if a heat wave attacks a person
A．The skin will produce less sweat.
B．The heart beats will slow down.
C．There will be more blood in the skin.
D．The organs will be more active.
22．What can we do first if heat stroke happens
A．Prevent organs from failing. B．Try to cool down the body.
C．Try to treat the headache. D．Stop sweat from producing.
23．What can we learn from Kenny in the last paragraph
A．There hasn’t been enough study so far.
B．We should keep studying human deaths.
C．We have already studied on humans.
D．The studies on animal models are useless.
24．Which of the following can be the best title
A．How heat strokes are developed
B．How we can keep organs work well
C．How we can slow down global warming
D．How heat waves destroy the human body
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了随着气候的变化，热死亡现象越来越频繁，而专家也解释了热射病
是如何摧毁人类的身体并夺走人类生命的。
21．细节理解题。根据“First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.”可知，如果热浪袭击一个人，皮肤里会有更多的血。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.”可知，如果中暑了，我们会试着让身体降温。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s important for people to understand that there’s still a lot we don’t know about heat stroke and who’s most likely to be harmed”可知，关于热死亡目前还没有足够的研究。故选A。
24．最佳标题题。结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了随着气候的变化，热死亡现象越来越频繁，而专家也解释了热射病是如何摧毁人类的身体并夺走人类生命的。因此D选项“热射病是如何破坏人类身体的”是最佳标题。故选D。
G
①Do you often hear parents say that their children are so secretive and never tell them anything But have parents realized that they have actually caused this themselves
②Parents can become upset or even angry when their children praise their friends’ homes, thinking that it reflects dissatisfaction with their own home. Such childish behavior shocks their children, who then decide not to talk to them anymore.
③_________. However , as children grow up, disillusionment（幻灭）with parents is actually unavoidable, no matter how good they may be both as parents and as individuals（个人）. As a result, children gradually feel disappointed and finally choose to remain silent.
④If parents are not prepared for children’s gradual disappointment and fail to realize it is a sign of their children’s growing up, they would be so hurt and the parent-child relationship may then become worse.
⑤To improve the parent-child relationship, parents should admit their mistakes. This is particularly important for children as they place great importance on honesty and admire parents who are truthful with them.
⑥In the past, it was widely believed that being an authoritarian（专制主义者）was the best way to keep parents’ dignity（尊严）. However, this could cause children to dislike them and refuse to communicate with them. So, wise parents won’t be too strict and they will not always try to manage their children’s life and control their children’s thoughts and ideas.
⑦Nowadays, with the parent-child relation facing more challenges, parents should create good communication with their children by being truthful, respectful（尊敬的）, and giving them a certain degree of independence of making their own choices and having their own thoughts. This will help build a healthy family relationship, where their children feel comfortable sharing their happy moments with them again.
25．Which of the following sentence can be put in the _________.
A．Luckily, some wise parents have realized they need to change themselves
B．Gradually, parents also feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings
C．Usually, children are born with very high expectations of parents
D．Finally, children feel great disappointment in their parents
26．According to the passage, the writer probably agrees that _________.
A．parents should allow children do whatever they want
B．parents should learn to say sorry to their kids
C．children should not express their unhappiness with the house
D．children should not be disappointed with their parents
27．The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is to _________.
A．share children’s disappointment in their parents
B．show how unhealthy the parent-child relationship is
C．tell parents to change themselves to get on with their kids
D．praise parents’ efforts to communicate well with their kids
28．The structure（结构）of the passage is _________.
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．C 28．A
【导语】本文主要分析了孩子们不愿意与父母分享想法的原因，并针对“如何提升亲子关系”给出了建议。
25．推理判断题。根据“However , as children grow up, disillusionment（幻灭）with parents is actually unavoidable, no matter how good they may be both as parents and as individuals（个人）. ”（然而，随着孩子的成长，对父母的幻想破灭实际上是不可避免的，不管他们作为父母和作为个人有多好）可知，however表示转折，所以空处是和空后相反意义的表达，也就是说父母在孩子心中的好的幻想，C项“通常，孩子出生时对父母的期望很高”符合语境，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据“To improve the parent-child relationship, parents should admit their mistakes.”（为了改善亲子关系，父母应该承认自己的错误）可知，作者认为，在良好的亲子关系中，父母应该学会给孩子道歉，故选B。
27．推理判断题。文中②③④段是在讲述亲子关系中家长的问题，后面是给出的建议，告诉父母应该如何做，所以本文主要是告诉父母要改变自己，才能和孩子和睦相处，故选C。
28．篇章结构题。第①段是通过问问题引出话题；第②段是介绍亲子关系中的一种现象；第③——④段是分析问题背后的原因；第⑤——⑥段是针对问题给出建议，第⑦段是总结全文，并针对“亲子关系”给出总结性的建议。所以A符合本文的结构，故选A。
H
In the summer of 1978, an English man named Steven was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.
Three years later, a farmer who lived nearby discovered almost the same circles in one of his fields. These circles were larger—nearly 15 meters across. In the Same year, another English farmer discovered three circles of flattened wheat on his land—one large circle between two small circles. During the following years, farmers in England found circles in their fields more and more often.
The circles are called “crop circles” because they usually appear in fields of wheat or corn. The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken; it keeps on growing, and the farmers can later harvest it. Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months from May to September. What cause the crop circles
At first, people thought that some kids were making them as a joke, or that farmers were making them to attract tourists. (In fact, in 1991, two men said they made the circles themselves, but many scientists don’t believe them.), and they couldn’t flatten the wheat without breaking it.
For several times, people reported seeing strange objects near the fields where crop circles later appeared. Many people believe that these crop circles are the messages sent by living things for outer space or the marks left by their spaceships.
Scientists who have studied the crop circles try to find out what causes them. In the summer of 1990, some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment (最新高科技设备). The equipment-worth 1.8 million dollars—got nothing. But one night, crop circles formed in the field behind them, which were quite different from the others. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.
When Steven discovered the crop circles on his land in 1978, he said, “It was just like something that had landed in the field from the air and gone back up again. I don’t know what to make of these things.”
Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia. Experts from all over the world have studied them, and they say what Steven said: we don’t know what to make of these things.
29．Which picture is probably the one formed in the field behind the scientists
A． B．
C． D．
30．“Flattened wheat” means ________.
A．harvested wheat B．growing wheat
C．broken wheat D．lying wheat
31．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A．Crop circles are always discovered in the morning.
B．The crop circles maybe form at night.
C．Crop circles have appeared all over the world.
D．The wheat in the circles can keep on growing.
32．The passage is mainly about something ________.
A．that is discovered and copied by the farmer
B．that is done by living things from outer space
C．that cannot be solved but found all around the world
D．that cannot be made clear or understood
【答案】29．A 30．D 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了麦田怪圈现象。
29．推理判断题。根据“Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.”和“ Three years later, a farmer who lived nearby discovered almost the same circles in one of his fields.”可知传统的麦田怪圈都是圆圈的形状。根据倒数第三段“But one night, crop circles formed in the field behind them, which were quite different from the others. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.”可知这次在科学家背后形成的麦田怪圈和之前的都不一样。结合四个选项，只有A选项中出现了不一样的形状。故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据“Some of his wheat was lying on the ground.”可知这里flattered wheat指
的是上文提到的倒在地上的麦子。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据“Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia.”可知并非全世界都出现了麦田怪圈。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了麦田怪圈这一现象，这一现象至今没有科学的解释，故选D。
I
In sunny California, Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was afraid to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow.” says Craig. Too scared, he waved his arms and cut two of his fingers on the shark’s teeth by accident. He got off the opposite side of his surfboard, into the water. Then, with Craig in the water, blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away.
Over a hundred shark attacks happen each year. Of these, one third are said to be great white attacks. As a result, great whites are often called “man-eaters” and thought to hunt and kill humans. However, this is not true. In fact, a person has a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by a great white. With frightening jaws (下巴) that hold around 300 teeth, a great white could very easily kill a person. Shark researchers are trying to understand the reasons why great whites attack people and why most of those people manage to escape a death.
One of the most common explanations for great white attacks is that great whites don’t see well. They often mistake a person for a seal or a sea lion—a delicious snack to a great white. But there is reason to doubt this. Some research now shows that great whites can actually see, and discover seals, very well. When attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. However, when they get close to humans, they often move in slowly and bite less hard.“They take a bite, feel them over, then move on.” says Peter Klimley, author of The Secret Live’s of Sharks.
Shark experts like Klimley hold the opinion that great whites “attack” because they are actually curious animals that like to study things. They believe that it’s possible that great whites use their bite not just to kill and eat, but also to collect information. According to this idea, once a great white is clear about what it is biting, it simply lets go.
Though such experiences are unlucky for people like Craig, perhaps when sharks bite surfboards, other objects, or even people, they are probably just trying to learn what they are.
33．What’s the correct order of Craig Rogers’ experience
a.The shark bit Craig’s fingers.
b.The shark swam away.
c.Craig fell into the water.
d.Craig was sitting on the surfboard.
e.A white shark bit Craig’s surfboard.
A．d﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣b
B．d﹣e﹣c﹣a﹣b
C．e﹣d﹣a﹣c﹣b
D．c﹣a﹣b﹣d﹣e
34．According to the passage, it is difficult to understand why great whites ________.
A．kill humans
B．have around 300 teeth
C．often let humans escape
D．grow to five meters long or more
35．In Klimley’s opinion, great whites attack because ________.
A．they are always hungry
B．they have big jaws
C．they are curious
D．they don’t see well
36．The best title for this passage could be ________.
A．Great Whites: Facts and Fiction
B．How to Survive a Shark Attack
C．Why Great Whites Kill Humans
D．Surfers and Sharks: Impossible Friends
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．C 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大白鲨在攻击人类之后不杀死人类的原因。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段“In sunny California, Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard when
his board suddenly stopped moving... Then, with Craig in the water, blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away.”可知，Craig Rogers正在冲浪板上坐着，突然一条大白鲨咬住了他的冲浪板，他太害怕了所以挥动手臂被大白鲨咬了手指。紧接着他跳入了水中，大白鲨最后自己游走了。所以他经历的顺序为d﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣b。故选A。
34．判断推理题。根据第二段“In fact, a person has a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by a great white. With frightening jaws that hold around 300 teeth, a great white could very easily kill a person. Shark researchers are trying to understand the reasons why great whites attack people and why most of those people manage to escape a death.”可知，大白鲨可以轻易杀死一个人，但是它在攻击人类以后却让大多数人类逃脱。由此可推断出，很难理解为什么大白鲨经常让人类逃脱。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Shark experts like Klimley hold the opinion that great whites ‘attack’ because they are actually curious animals that like to study things.”可知，在Klimley看来，大白鲨攻击是因为它们很好奇，喜欢研究东西。故选C。
36．标题归纳题。通过阅读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大白鲨攻击人类之后却不杀死人类的原因。故选C。
J
Few countries in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has a long history, and is popular among its people, and has kept a close relationship with Chinese cultural development.
It seems as if anyone that can write Chinese characters on Xuanzhi with a writing brush can became a calligrapher. But that is not true. Calligraphy is a form of art that needs a great deal of theory（理论）and requires many skills so there are few calligraphers that have reached the highest place of calligraphy. Among the most famous calligraphers in ancient China were Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, and Liu Gongquan, who are known for pioneering their own styles.
Calligraphy is constructive art. The calligrapher creates his work with his handling of the ink and the writing brush. The black lines and white space on the paper create a sense of beauty.
Calligraphy is an expressive art. In a work of calligraphy, we can see the character, education level and experience of the calligrapher.
Calligraphy is a practical art form. It can be used to write on paper or wood or stone. Its
features show us that calligraphy is a full art, expressing the feeling of the writers.
Calligraphy shows the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. In China, calligraphy and painting are leaders of the other art forms. When calligraphy and painting are mentioned together, calligraphy always comes before painting. The theories about handling brush and they are similar in calligraphy writing and Chinese picture drawing. The development of Chinese folk arts, has been influenced by calligraphy to some degree. So we can see that calligraphy is the center of Chinese fine arts.
37．What are needed to be a good calligrapher
a. many skills
b. Xuanzhi
c. a lot of theories
d. writing brushes
A．a, b B．a, c C．b, d D．a, d
38．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 4
A．Education level is important to create the works of calligraphy.
B．Different calligraphers may write the calligraphy in different ways.
C．We can know personal information of calligraphers from their works.
D．Before enjoying the calligraphy, we need to know about calligraphers.
39．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A．The leading forms of art in China.
B．The basic development of calligraphy.
C．The importance of calligraphy in China.
D．The same part of calligraphy and painting.
40．What’s the structure of the text
A． B． C． D．
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．C 40．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国书法艺术的历史和特点。
37． 细节理解题。根据“Calligraphy is a form of art that needs a great deal of theory（理论）and requires many skills so there are few calligraphers that have reached the highest place of calligraphy”可知，书法是一种需要大量理论和技巧的艺术形式，所以一位优秀的书法家需要许多技巧和大量的理论，故选B。
38． 细节理解题。根据“Calligraphy is an expressive art. In a work of calligraphy, we can see the character, education level and experience of the calligrapher.”可知，在书法作品中，我们可以看到书法家的性格、教育水平和经历，我们可以从书法家的作品中了解他们的个人信息，故选C。
39．段落大意题。根据“So we can see that calligraphy is the center of Chinese fine arts.”及整段的内容可知，主要讲述的是书法在中国的重要性，故选C。
40．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段主要讲述的是中国书法的历史与文化；第二段主要介绍了书法需要的技能以及介绍了古代几位著名的书法家；第三段到第五段分别介绍的是书法的不同艺术形式；最后一段介绍了书法在中国的重要性，故选D。
K
Imagine you feel strongly about something and you want to talk about it. You might think that no one will want to hear what you have to say. Well, here’s an example of a young person who has made a lot of people pay attention.
Greta Thunberg is a teenager from Sweden. She was eight years old when she first heard about global warming at school. She was very worried about what she heard, but what shocked her most was that adults didn’t seem to think it was serious. They weren’t doing anything about it. From then on, she couldn’t stop thinking about the danger of climate change. She persuaded (说服) her parents to change their lifestyle: the family started to eat more vegetables instead of meat and started growing their own vegetables. They travelled by train instead of plane and changed to solar energy in their home.
The summer of 2018 was very hot in Europe with more bad weather than usual. Greta knew▲. She handed out posters in the streets and made speeches in the community. She wanted everyone to understand two things: climate change was real and it was serious.
Greta, now known internationally, began travelling around Europe to speak at important meetings. Her idea is always very clear: unless you do something now, she said, “The year 2078, I
will celebrate my 75th birthday. If I have children, maybe they will spend that day with me. Maybe they will ask why you didn’t do anything while there still was time to act.”
Greta’s actions have made adults and young people take action around the world. She has shown that young people can make a difference if they’re brave enough to talk about the things they believe in.
41．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Global warming. B．Their lifestyle.
C．Her school. D．Bad weather.
42．Which sentence can be put in the▲in Paragraph 3
A．she had to refuse to work B．it was time to forget
C．she did something wrong D．it was time for actions
43．What can we learn about Greta Thunberg from the text
A．She never travelled by train before she was eight.
B．She first heard about global warming in a meeting.
C．She has done actions to change the weather in Sweden.
D．She made speeches about global warming around Europe.
44．What’s the best title of the text
A．Ways too speak in public
B．Kids can make a difference
C．Global warming is serious
D．Think carefully and speak bravely
【答案】41．A 42．D 43．D 44．B
【导语】本文介绍了一个来自瑞典的少女格蕾塔·桑伯格是如何关注全球变暖问题的。
41．代词指代题。根据“She was eight years old when she first heard about global warming at school. She was very worried about what she heard, but what shocked her most was that adults didn’t seem to think it was serious.”可知，这里的it指代上文提到的全球变暖这件事。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据“The summer of 2018 was very hot in Europe with more bad weather than usual.”及后文的“She handed out posters in the streets and made speeches in the community. She wanted everyone to understand two things: climate change was real and it was serious.”可知，可推知空处应该是要采取行动了。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据“Greta, now known internationally, began travelling around Europe to speak at important meetings.”可知，她在欧洲各地发表了关于全球变暖的演讲。故选D。
44．最佳标题。根据“Greta’s actions have made adults and young people take action around the world. She has shown that young people can make a difference if they’re brave enough to talk about the things they believe in.”可知，本文主要讲述了即使是小孩子也可以发挥作用，使世界变得不同。故选B。
L
The winners of the most respected awards in the world—the Nobel Prize—were announced last week. According to the founder Alfred Nobel, the prize recognizes people who have provided “the greatest benefit (利益) to humankind”.
Fourteen outstanding people, including scientists, politicians and authors, won awards in the prize’s six categories (类别). Many of the winners have one thing in common: The achievements they make date back years ago. For example, John B．Goodenough, one of the three winners of this year’s chemistry prize, is 97 years old, the oldest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. He and the other two scientists won the prize for developing the lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries that we use today in mobile phones, laptops and electric cars. The technology was first developed in the 1970s, nearly 50 years ago.
The reason why it took so long for this achievement to be recognized is that it takes time to see the real value of a new breakthrough. “Every year, there are lots of claims of amazing discoveries, but quite a few of them turn out to be not quite as amazing as everyone thought,” said Sven Lidin, former chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. “We want to make sure that we award those who open the first door into new scientific insight. This means that naturally there is a delay.”
But how can they make sure that they have chosen the right winners They depend on qualified nominators. Every year, thousands of people are invited to nominate candidates (候选人) for the Nobel Prize. They include university professors and previous Nobel Prize winners, as well as current and former Nobel committee members. After receiving all of the nominations, a five-member committee for each prize will pick the winners.
The names of both the nominators and candidates are kept secret for 50 years. This means
that many people might have been nominated, but would never know. This rule, according to the chief editor of the prize’s official website, allows people to be honest in the nomination process.
45．Paragraph 2 is mainly written to explain ________.
A．why it took so long to recognize the winners’ achievements
B．what kind of people can win the Nobel Prize
C．many of the winners’ achievements date back years ago
D．how John B．Goodenough won the Nobel Prize
46．The underlined phrase “this achievement” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the technology of lithium-ion batteries B．the use of laptops
C．the invention of mobile phones D．the development of electric cars
47．From the passage we can learn that ________.
A．John B．Goodenough is the founder of the Nobel Prize
B．only scientists, professors and authors can have the chance to win the Nobel Prize
C．the Nobel winners cannot be recognized until the value of their achievements are seen
D．people have known the names of the nominators and candidates before the nominations
48．How can a person win the Nobel Prize Please choose the correct order.
①be a nominator ②apply for the Nobel Prize
③have a great achievement ④a five-member committee picks the winner
⑤wait years to see the real value of the achievement
A．③②①⑤④ B．②③①④⑤ C．①②③④⑤ D．③①④⑤②
【答案】45．C 46．A 47．C 48．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了为什么诺贝尔奖的获得会有延迟。
45．细节理解题。根据“Many of the winners have one thing in common: The achievements they make date back years ago.”可知，此段是在解释许多获奖者的成就追溯到很多年前。故选C。
46．词句猜测题。根据“He and the other two scientists won the prize for developing the lithium-ion batteries that we use today in mobile phones, laptops and electric cars. The technology was first developed in the 1970s, nearly 50 years ago.”可知，此处指的是锂离子电池技术。故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据“The reason why it took so long for this achievement to be recognized is that it takes time to see the real value of a new breakthrough.”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者的评定是根据他们的成就价值的见证情况而定的。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据通读全文可知，获得诺贝尔奖首先要有重大的成就，然后申请诺贝尔奖，成为提名者，接下来等待数年，看成就的真正价值，最后由五人委员会选出获奖者。故选A。2024年中考英语复习提高训练： 阅读理解之说明文（江苏省宿迁市）
A
①There are a few ways in which Chinese restaurants are different from Western restaurants. Chinese restaurant culture is broad and profound.
②Consider how Westerners go about eating at restaurants. Everyone always gets their own menu and orders their own food. And, since the tables are usually small, it is quite difficult to talk to—or even see—more than a few people during the meal.
③While in modern China there are many Western-style restaurants, the traditional Chinese restaurant experience is quite different from in the West. Usually, everyone sits at large, round tables where it is easy to see and talk with each other, even if it is a rather large group. One person orders the food for everyone, after considering the likes and dislikes of the other people in the group. Then, when the food comes, all of it is put in the middle of the table. Everyone then serves themselves by taking a small bit of food and putting it on their own plates.
④Just as in the West, people can choose what they want to eat. However, while in the West, importance is placed on the individual (个人) and having one's own preferences, in China importance is placed on sharing and community. Instead of seeing themselves as individuals first, and part of the group second, Chinese people generally see themselves as part of the group first and individuals second. Everyone still gets what they want, but it is a shared experience.
⑤Finally, since people are seated at a round table, everyone is treated equally. No one person is given greater importance over another. However, respect is still shown to older people or people of higher status, as they always sit at the far end of the room facing the door.
⑥China has many different styles of food and a wide range of ingredients and cooking methods. And so, when you are in China, you should make an effort to enjoy Chinese food as much as possible. However, you should also make an effort to enjoy it as the Chinese do-as a group experience-a time for sharing. family, and friendship.
1．In China, what is placed in an important place about choosing the food by Chinese people
A．The individual. B．Price.
C．Sharing. D．Their own preferences.
2．The writer mainly develops his idea by _______.
A．listing numbers B．raising questions C．telling a story D．comparing facts
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Chinese restaurant culture isn’t only just food.
B．The Western restaurants.
C．The Chinese food.
D．The different food in the world.
4．What’s the structure of the passage
A．①②/③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥
B
Some experts say that robots will take away human jobs with the rapid development of AI. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs showed that AI could do a quarter of the work done by humans. Across the European Union and the US, the report further notes that 300 million jobs could be lost to automation (自动化).
Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts also add that there are still things AI cannot do. These tasks have clear human qualities (特征), like emotional intelligence (情商) and creative thinking.
“I think there are generally three kinds of jobs that are going to be safe,” says Martin Ford, writer of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Trans form Everything. “The first would be jobs that are creative enough to come up with new ideas and build something new.”
The second is jobs that require complicated interpersonal relationships. Ford points to nurses, businessmen and reporters. “These are jobs,” he says, “where you need a very deep understanding of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact (交流) in the kinds of ways that really build relationships.”
“The third safe one,” says Ford, “is jobs that really require lots of mobility (机动性) and dexterity (灵活性) and problem-solving ability in unpredictable environments. These are the kinds
of jobs where you’re dealing with a new situation all the time, so they are probably the hardest of anything to automate.”
“It’s important to note,” says Ford, “that a higher education or a high-paying position is not a protection against AI takeover. In short, looking for roles in changing environments that include unpredictable tasks is a good way to stop jobs from being taken by AI. At least, for a while.”
5．What does the underlined phrase “These tasks” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The jobs AI cannot do. B．Some pieces of bad news.
C．The jobs taken by AI. D．Some creative thinking jobs.
6．Which of the following is a good way to stop human jobs from being replaced by AI
A．Getting a higher education. B．Repeating a task many times.
C．Having a high-paying position. D．Dealing with various tasks well.
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Martin Ford
A．AI can have a deep understanding of humans.
B．Being a businessman is one of the hardest jobs.
C．Jobs with creative thinking are less at risk of being replaced.
D．Most of the work done by humans will be taken by AI soon.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Some good ways to get jobs.
B．The jobs that won’t be taken by AI.
C．Different opinions about jobs.
D．The fight between AI and humans.
C
Diarrhea 9 messages for children to learn & share
1. Diarrhea (腹泻) is watery poo (排便) that happens three or more times a day. It can lead to dangerous dehydration (脱水).
2. Diarrhea is caused by tiny germs (细菌) that are too small to see. Germs live all around us! Germs travel easily from our fingers, food, drinks, cups and spoons into our mouths and bodies.
3. Diarrhea causes us to lose vital fluids (液体) from our bodies. We need to replace fluids and salts to keep the body strong and prevent serious illness or even death from dehydration.
4. A child with dehydration can have a dry mouth and tongue, sunken (凹陷的) eyes, no tears, loose skin, cool hands and feet. If you see these signs, go to a clinic as quickly as you can.
5. ORS stands for oral rehydration solution (口服补液盐), the best drink to prevent and treat (治疗) dehydration. You can find the ORS at clinics (诊所) and shops.
6. Prevent dehydration by using ORS as soon as diarrhea begins. Mix ORS correctly with clean and safe water. Breast milk (母乳) is best for babies.
7. Children doing more than three watery poos a day or bloody (带血的) poo or who start to throw up must be seen by a health worker. Give them ORS or other fluids while waiting to be seen.
8. Young children with diarrhea need everyday mashed (糊状的) food and soups as often as possible to make their bodies stronger.
9. Prevent germs spreading! Develop everyday habits like proper handwashing with soap and good hygiene (卫生) after the toilet, before eating and preparing food.
9．Why does diarrhea happen
A．Too many vital fluids in our bodies have been lost.
B．Serious illness causes dehydration.
C．Germs around us come into our bodies.
D．Germs in our body are too small to see.
10．Which is the best way for babies to prevent diarrhea
A．Drink breast milk mixed with ORS.
B．Have tasty food and soups more often.
C．Don’t poo over three times a day.
D．Use drinking water to bathe in.
11．What can you do to stay away from germs
a. Exercise to make your body stronger.
b. Keep clean after using the toilet.
c. Wash hands before meals.
d. Drink more water.
A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd
12．Where does the text probably show up
A．A magazine for scientific discoveries. B．A storybook for children.
C．A website for children’s health. D．A paper for advertisements.
D
The Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟) were a center of Buddhist life and some of the world’s great cultures for hundreds of years. However, by the late Qing Dynasty they had been abandoned (废弃) and nearly forgotten and many of the caves had become damaged by the weather. Around 1900, with the discovery of a library of thousands of ancient documents, the caves received new interest from Chinese and foreign researchers. Unluckily, this resulted in tens of thousands of items from the caves being taken to foreign museums.
In the 1940s, many researchers and artists visited the area to study traditional Chinese art. Copies of some of the artwork painted by respected artists such as Zhang Daqian and Guan Shanyue helped people all over the country learn about Dunhuang. These artists were also inspired by the artwork they saw in the caves and it began to influence their painting styles. Others stayed in the desert for much longer. Chang Shuhong stayed for the rest of his life—struggling to record the cultural treasures and protect them from the weather. As a result of their efforts, the Dunhuang Academy was formed to protect and study the Mogao Grottoes.
In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the caves are open to the public, access (权限) is now limited in order to protect the artwork. However, the caves can be seen online in digital versions (数码版) so that people around the world can study and enjoy them.
Though it is remote, the Mogao Grottoes continue to draw visitors. And just as the sand and desert have survived largely unchanged through the centuries, this small art gallery in the desert has also survived largely unchanged providing an amazing look at a world long ago past.
13．When did the Mogao Grottoes gain the world’s attention again
A．Hundreds of years ago. B．In the late Qing Dynasty.
C．Around the beginning of the 20th century. D．In the late eighties of the 20th century.
14．Why does the writer mention the artists in the 1940s
A．To learn about their works. B．To show how hard they worked.
C．To compare their different styles. D．To praise their contributions.
15．When people can’t visit the caves, ________.
A．they can do researches online B．they can enjoy the digital versions
C．they can watch copies in art galleries D．they can study them in foreign museums
16．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Mogao Grottoes—Center of Buddhist Life
B．The Mogao Grottoes—Art Gallery in the Desert
C．Respected artists—Protectors of the Mogao Grottoes
D．An Amazing Tourist Attraction—The Mogao Grottoes
E
How much water is there on the moon This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper.
Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass.
The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.
The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms.
The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the
water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind.
If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future.
17．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon
A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used.
C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water.
18．How might astronauts get water from the beads
A．By breaking them to get the water out.
B．By collecting as much from them as they can.
C．By turning the hydrogen into water.
D．By putting them under the sunlight.
19．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3
A．To explain what is glass beads.
B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great.
C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon.
D．To tell us where to find the water
20．What can we infer from the passage above
A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon.
B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water.
C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind.
D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think.
F
A heat wave roasted* hundreds of thousands of people across the Pacific Northwest, taking away hundreds of lives. Climate change has made heat waves like this one more frequent and
stronger than those from any other point in recorded history.
The following is what happens if you’re one of the next people whom heat wave kills, according to W. Lawrence Kenney, an expert from Penn State University. First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.
If heat stroke* happens, your body might get too hot and send much blood to the skin, as a result, it fails* those important organs in your body. You might require an emergency transplant to survive the organ failure. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal* temperature might start to climb from a normal level of about 98 degrees Fahrenheit to somewhere closer to 104 degrees. At that temperature, the brain becomes affected and you may feel it start as a headache. Before long, you might not know where you are or what time it is. If you are not treated in time, what follows is a series of organ failure that leads to all but certain death. And that’s just part of what we know about how heat wave kills you.
“It’s important for people to understand that there’s still a lot we don’t know about heat stroke and who’s most likely to be harmed,” Kenney said, “That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory. A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people who have died of heat stroke.”
roast v. 烤；sweat n. 汗液；pump v. （心脏）泵送血液；heat stroke 中暑；fail v. 使……衰竭；internal adj. 体内的
21．Which of the following will happen if a heat wave attacks a person
A．The skin will produce less sweat.
B．The heart beats will slow down.
C．There will be more blood in the skin.
D．The organs will be more active.
22．What can we do first if heat stroke happens
A．Prevent organs from failing. B．Try to cool down the body.
C．Try to treat the headache. D．Stop sweat from producing.
23．What can we learn from Kenny in the last paragraph
A．There hasn’t been enough study so far.
B．We should keep studying human deaths.
C．We have already studied on humans.
D．The studies on animal models are useless.
24．Which of the following can be the best title
A．How heat strokes are developed
B．How we can keep organs work well
C．How we can slow down global warming
D．How heat waves destroy the human body
G
①Do you often hear parents say that their children are so secretive and never tell them anything But have parents realized that they have actually caused this themselves
②Parents can become upset or even angry when their children praise their friends’ homes, thinking that it reflects dissatisfaction with their own home. Such childish behavior shocks their children, who then decide not to talk to them anymore.
③_________. However , as children grow up, disillusionment（幻灭）with parents is actually unavoidable, no matter how good they may be both as parents and as individuals（个人）. As a result, children gradually feel disappointed and finally choose to remain silent.
④If parents are not prepared for children’s gradual disappointment and fail to realize it is a sign of their children’s growing up, they would be so hurt and the parent-child relationship may then become worse.
⑤To improve the parent-child relationship, parents should admit their mistakes. This is particularly important for children as they place great importance on honesty and admire parents who are truthful with them.
⑥In the past, it was widely believed that being an authoritarian（专制主义者）was the best
way to keep parents’ dignity（尊严）. However, this could cause children to dislike them and refuse to communicate with them. So, wise parents won’t be too strict and they will not always try to manage their children’s life and control their children’s thoughts and ideas.
⑦Nowadays, with the parent-child relation facing more challenges, parents should create good communication with their children by being truthful, respectful（尊敬的）, and giving them a certain degree of independence of making their own choices and having their own thoughts. This will help build a healthy family relationship, where their children feel comfortable sharing their happy moments with them again.
25．Which of the following sentence can be put in the _________.
A．Luckily, some wise parents have realized they need to change themselves
B．Gradually, parents also feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings
C．Usually, children are born with very high expectations of parents
D．Finally, children feel great disappointment in their parents
26．According to the passage, the writer probably agrees that _________.
A．parents should allow children do whatever they want
B．parents should learn to say sorry to their kids
C．children should not express their unhappiness with the house
D．children should not be disappointed with their parents
27．The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is to _________.
A．share children’s disappointment in their parents
B．show how unhealthy the parent-child relationship is
C．tell parents to change themselves to get on with their kids
D．praise parents’ efforts to communicate well with their kids
28．The structure（结构）of the passage is _________.
A． B．
C． D．
H
In the summer of 1978, an English man named Steven was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.
Three years later, a farmer who lived nearby discovered almost the same circles in one of his fields. These circles were larger—nearly 15 meters across. In the Same year, another English farmer discovered three circles of flattened wheat on his land—one large circle between two small circles. During the following years, farmers in England found circles in their fields more and more often.
The circles are called “crop circles” because they usually appear in fields of wheat or corn. The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken; it keeps on growing, and the farmers can later harvest it. Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months from May to September. What cause the crop circles
At first, people thought that some kids were making them as a joke, or that farmers were making them to attract tourists. (In fact, in 1991, two men said they made the circles themselves, but many scientists don’t believe them.), and they couldn’t flatten the wheat without breaking it.
For several times, people reported seeing strange objects near the fields where crop circles later appeared. Many people believe that these crop circles are the messages sent by living things for outer space or the marks left by their spaceships.
Scientists who have studied the crop circles try to find out what causes them. In the summer of 1990, some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment (最新高科技设备). The equipment-worth 1.8 million dollars—got nothing. But one night, crop circles formed in the field behind them,
which were quite different from the others. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.
When Steven discovered the crop circles on his land in 1978, he said, “It was just like something that had landed in the field from the air and gone back up again. I don’t know what to make of these things.”
Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia. Experts from all over the world have studied them, and they say what Steven said: we don’t know what to make of these things.
29．Which picture is probably the one formed in the field behind the scientists
A． B．
C． D．
30．“Flattened wheat” means ________.
A．harvested wheat B．growing wheat
C．broken wheat D．lying wheat
31．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A．Crop circles are always discovered in the morning.
B．The crop circles maybe form at night.
C．Crop circles have appeared all over the world.
D．The wheat in the circles can keep on growing.
32．The passage is mainly about something ________.
A．that is discovered and copied by the farmer
B．that is done by living things from outer space
C．that cannot be solved but found all around the world
D．that cannot be made clear or understood
I
In sunny California, Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was afraid to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow.” says Craig. Too scared, he waved his arms and cut two of his fingers on the shark’s teeth by accident. He got off the opposite side of his surfboard, into the water. Then, with Craig in the water, blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away.
Over a hundred shark attacks happen each year. Of these, one third are said to be great white attacks. As a result, great whites are often called “man-eaters” and thought to hunt and kill humans. However, this is not true. In fact, a person has a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by a great white. With frightening jaws (下巴) that hold around 300 teeth, a great white could very easily kill a person. Shark researchers are trying to understand the reasons why great whites attack people and why most of those people manage to escape a death.
One of the most common explanations for great white attacks is that great whites don’t see well. They often mistake a person for a seal or a sea lion—a delicious snack to a great white. But there is reason to doubt this. Some research now shows that great whites can actually see, and discover seals, very well. When attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. However, when they get close to humans, they often move in slowly and bite less hard.“They take a bite, feel them over, then move on.” says Peter Klimley, author of The Secret Live’s of Sharks.
Shark experts like Klimley hold the opinion that great whites “attack” because they are actually curious animals that like to study things. They believe that it’s possible that great whites use their bite not just to kill and eat, but also to collect information. According to this idea, once a great white is clear about what it is biting, it simply lets go.
Though such experiences are unlucky for people like Craig, perhaps when sharks bite surfboards, other objects, or even people, they are probably just trying to learn what they are.
33．What’s the correct order of Craig Rogers’ experience
a.The shark bit Craig’s fingers.
b.The shark swam away.
c.Craig fell into the water.
d.Craig was sitting on the surfboard.
e.A white shark bit Craig’s surfboard.
A．d﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣b
B．d﹣e﹣c﹣a﹣b
C．e﹣d﹣a﹣c﹣b
D．c﹣a﹣b﹣d﹣e
34．According to the passage, it is difficult to understand why great whites ________.
A．kill humans
B．have around 300 teeth
C．often let humans escape
D．grow to five meters long or more
35．In Klimley’s opinion, great whites attack because ________.
A．they are always hungry
B．they have big jaws
C．they are curious
D．they don’t see well
36．The best title for this passage could be ________.
A．Great Whites: Facts and Fiction
B．How to Survive a Shark Attack
C．Why Great Whites Kill Humans
D．Surfers and Sharks: Impossible Friends
J
Few countries in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has a long history, and is popular among its people, and has kept a close relationship with Chinese cultural development.
It seems as if anyone that can write Chinese characters on Xuanzhi with a writing brush can became a calligrapher. But that is not true. Calligraphy is a form of art that needs a great deal of theory（理论）and requires many skills so there are few calligraphers that have reached the highest place of calligraphy. Among the most famous calligraphers in ancient China were Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, and Liu Gongquan, who are known for pioneering their own styles.
Calligraphy is constructive art. The calligrapher creates his work with his handling of the ink and the writing brush. The black lines and white space on the paper create a sense of beauty.
Calligraphy is an expressive art. In a work of calligraphy, we can see the character, education level and experience of the calligrapher.
Calligraphy is a practical art form. It can be used to write on paper or wood or stone. Its features show us that calligraphy is a full art, expressing the feeling of the writers.
Calligraphy shows the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. In China, calligraphy and painting are leaders of the other art forms. When calligraphy and painting are mentioned together, calligraphy always comes before painting. The theories about handling brush and they are similar in calligraphy writing and Chinese picture drawing. The development of Chinese folk arts, has been influenced by calligraphy to some degree. So we can see that calligraphy is the center of Chinese fine arts.
37．What are needed to be a good calligrapher
a. many skills
b. Xuanzhi
c. a lot of theories
d. writing brushes
A．a, b B．a, c C．b, d D．a, d
38．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 4
A．Education level is important to create the works of calligraphy.
B．Different calligraphers may write the calligraphy in different ways.
C．We can know personal information of calligraphers from their works.
D．Before enjoying the calligraphy, we need to know about calligraphers.
39．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A．The leading forms of art in China.
B．The basic development of calligraphy.
C．The importance of calligraphy in China.
D．The same part of calligraphy and painting.
40．What’s the structure of the text
A． B． C． D．
K
Imagine you feel strongly about something and you want to talk about it. You might think that no one will want to hear what you have to say. Well, here’s an example of a young person who has made a lot of people pay attention.
Greta Thunberg is a teenager from Sweden. She was eight years old when she first heard about global warming at school. She was very worried about what she heard, but what shocked her most was that adults didn’t seem to think it was serious. They weren’t doing anything about it. From then on, she couldn’t stop thinking about the danger of climate change. She persuaded (说服) her parents to change their lifestyle: the family started to eat more vegetables instead of meat and started growing their own vegetables. They travelled by train instead of plane and changed to solar energy in their home.
The summer of 2018 was very hot in Europe with more bad weather than usual. Greta knew▲. She handed out posters in the streets and made speeches in the community. She wanted everyone to understand two things: climate change was real and it was serious.
Greta, now known internationally, began travelling around Europe to speak at important meetings. Her idea is always very clear: unless you do something now, she said, “The year 2078, I will celebrate my 75th birthday. If I have children, maybe they will spend that day with me. Maybe they will ask why you didn’t do anything while there still was time to act.”
Greta’s actions have made adults and young people take action around the world. She has shown that young people can make a difference if they’re brave enough to talk about the things they believe in.
41．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Global warming. B．Their lifestyle.
C．Her school. D．Bad weather.
42．Which sentence can be put in the▲in Paragraph 3
A．she had to refuse to work B．it was time to forget
C．she did something wrong D．it was time for actions
43．What can we learn about Greta Thunberg from the text
A．She never travelled by train before she was eight.
B．She first heard about global warming in a meeting.
C．She has done actions to change the weather in Sweden.
D．She made speeches about global warming around Europe.
44．What’s the best title of the text
A．Ways too speak in public
B．Kids can make a difference
C．Global warming is serious
D．Think carefully and speak bravely
L
The winners of the most respected awards in the world—the Nobel Prize—were announced last week. According to the founder Alfred Nobel, the prize recognizes people who have provided “the greatest benefit (利益) to humankind”.
Fourteen outstanding people, including scientists, politicians and authors, won awards in the prize’s six categories (类别). Many of the winners have one thing in common: The achievements they make date back years ago. For example, John B．Goodenough, one of the three winners of this year’s chemistry prize, is 97 years old, the oldest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. He and the other two scientists won the prize for developing the lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries that we use today in mobile phones, laptops and electric cars. The technology was first developed in the 1970s, nearly 50 years ago.
The reason why it took so long for this achievement to be recognized is that it takes time to see the real value of a new breakthrough. “Every year, there are lots of claims of amazing discoveries, but quite a few of them turn out to be not quite as amazing as everyone thought,” said Sven Lidin, former chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. “We want to make sure that we award those who open the first door into new scientific insight. This means that naturally there is a delay.”
But how can they make sure that they have chosen the right winners They depend on qualified nominators. Every year, thousands of people are invited to nominate candidates (候选人) for the Nobel Prize. They include university professors and previous Nobel Prize winners, as well as current and former Nobel committee members. After receiving all of the nominations, a five-member committee for each prize will pick the winners.
The names of both the nominators and candidates are kept secret for 50 years. This means that many people might have been nominated, but would never know. This rule, according to the chief editor of the prize’s official website, allows people to be honest in the nomination process.
45．Paragraph 2 is mainly written to explain ________.
A．why it took so long to recognize the winners’ achievements
B．what kind of people can win the Nobel Prize
C．many of the winners’ achievements date back years ago
D．how John B．Goodenough won the Nobel Prize
46．The underlined phrase “this achievement” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the technology of lithium-ion batteries B．the use of laptops
C．the invention of mobile phones D．the development of electric cars
47．From the passage we can learn that ________.
A．John B．Goodenough is the founder of the Nobel Prize
B．only scientists, professors and authors can have the chance to win the Nobel Prize
C．the Nobel winners cannot be recognized until the value of their achievements are seen
D．people have known the names of the nominators and candidates before the nominations
48．How can a person win the Nobel Prize Please choose the correct order.
①be a nominator ②apply for the Nobel Prize
③have a great achievement ④a five-member committee picks the winner
⑤wait years to see the real value of the achievement
A．③②①⑤④ B．②③①④⑤ C．①②③④⑤ D．③①④⑤②
