Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 单词讲解人教版八年级英语下册

Vocabularies and Expressions in Unit 8
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island
现在完成时态
1）核心结构：助动词 have/has +动词的过去分词（大部分动词的过去分词和过去式一致，其他不规则动词的过 去分词参见课本 P136- 137 表格）
规则动词:help---helped---helped decide---decided---decided stop---stopped---stopped study---studied---studied
不规则动词：A-A-A 型 read---read---read A-B-B 型 think---thought---thought
A-B-C 型 see---saw---seen A-B-A 型 come---came---come
A-A-B 型 beat---beat---beaten
2）基本句型：
肯定句：主语+have/has +动词的过去分词+其他. I have read Little Woman. He has written 5 books.
否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t +动词的过去分词+其他. I haven’t read Little Woman. He hasn’t written 5 books. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ +动词的过去分词+其他+
---Have you read Little Woman ---Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
---Has he written 5 book ---Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ Which book have you read 你已经读了那本书？
How many books has he written 他已经写了几本书？
3）用法
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响或结果。常和 ever(曾经)、just(刚刚)、already(已经)、yet(已经;还, 仍 然) 、never(从不、从未) 、before(以前) 、so far(迄今为止、到目前为止)等词连用
---Have you had lunch yet 你已经吃完午饭了吗？
---Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的。我刚吃过午饭。
already 和 yet 在现在完成时态的句子中如何运用
already 表示“ 已经 ”常用于肯定句中, 通常放在助动词 have/has 之后,实意动词之前； yet 常用于否定句和疑问句句末，表示“ 已经（疑问句）；还、仍然（否定句） ”。
The rain has already stopped. 雨已经停了。 The rain hasn’t stopped yet. 雨还未停。
Has the rain stopped yet 雨已经听了吗？
②have/has been to sp. 表示“ 曾经去过某地” ，暗含的意思是某人现在已经回来了，不在那里了
I have been to the art museum. 我曾经去过那个美术博物馆。(表示我现在不在美术博物馆，已经回来了。) have/has gone to sp. 表示“ 已经去某地了” ，暗含的意思是某人现在不在说话现场。
Mike has gone to London. 迈克去伦敦了。(表示他现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在目的地或在返回的途中。) 注意：
a. have/has been to 常与 ever 曾经, never 从未, once 一次, twice 两次, how many times 等连用。 My sister has been to the Palace Museum twice. 我姐姐曾经去过故宫博物院两次了。
b. 当 have/has been to sp. 中的 to 后为表示地点的副词 there, here, abroad 等时，to 要省略。 I’d like to go to the zoo, although I have been there many times.
How long have they been here 他们来这里多长时间了？
③表示某个动作或状态（此时该动作需要是延续性动词，如果是短暂性动词，则要变成延续性动词），从过 去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，甚至还有可能持续下去。此时现在完成时态常和“for+时间段；since+ 过去的时间点（since 2022）；since+时间段+ago（如 since two years ago）；since+一般过去时态的从句 ” 等时间状语连用。对这种时间状语提问时，用 How long
---How long have you worked in this factory 你在这个工厂已经工作多长时间了？
---I have worked in this factory since I moved here in 2022. 自从 2022 年搬到这里以来，我就一直在这家工厂工作。
I have worked in this factory for 2 years.= I have worked in this factory since two years ago.=I have worked in this factory since 2022.
They have been married for 5 years. (marry 是短暂性动词，与一段时间连用，要变成延续性的 be married） 短暂性动词变延续性
a. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词。常见的有：
become → be borrow → keep buy → have / own catch a cold → have a cold
come → stay put on → wear go to sleep → sleep get to know → know
move to → live in
b. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。常见的有：
leave → be away begin / start → be on die → be dead finish → be over
join → be in / be a member of fall asleep → be asleep marry → be married
come / arrive here → be here
④现在完成时态和一般过去时态
一般过去时态：表示过去某个时间发生的动作，或单纯叙述过去的事情
I saw this film yesterday.(强调这个电影是昨天看的)
现在完成时态：强调过去的的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have seen this film.（强调到现在为止，已经看了这个电影）
1. What kind of books do you like best
What kind of music do you like best ---I like pop music.(music 不可数)
What is this book about What does this book talk about
2. treasure n. 意为“珠宝，财富 ”时为不可数名词；意为“宝物，珍品，珍宝，极贵重的物品 ”时为可数名词
a book named/called Treasure Island 一本叫做《金银岛》的书 national treasures 国宝
The pirates buried the treasure on the island. 海盗把宝藏埋在这个岛上。
The museum has many art treasures. 这个博物馆有很多艺术珍品。
3. island n. 岛屿 on the island 在岛上
an island country 一个岛国 an island full of treasures 一座满是珍宝的岛屿( full of treasures 作后置定语)
No cars are not allowed on this island. 岛上禁止驾驶汽车。
3. be full of... 充满，装满，满是……的（full adj. ）=be filled with...
The children are always full of energy. 孩子们总是精力充沛。
fill v.装满、填满 fill A with B 用 B 物品装满 A 物品
The life is full of the unexpected.= The life is filled with the unexpected. 生活充满了意料之外的事。 4. classic n. 名著; 经典作品 classical adj. 经典的；古典的 classical music 古典音乐
Robins Crusoe is a classic. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》是一部名著。
Journey to the West is one of the four great classics of ancient China.《西游记》是中国古代四大名著之一。 5. page n. 页；面；张 front page 头版
Please turn to page five. =Turn to the fifth page. 请翻到第五页。
Look at the pictures on page 67. 请看第 67 页的图片。
6. hurry v. 匆忙；赶快
hurry up 口语，用来催促别人 “赶快、快点”
Hurry up, or you will miss the flight. 快点儿，否则你将赶不上飞机了。
in a hurry 急忙地、匆忙地 介词短语 Sorry, I can’t stop. I’m in a hurry. 对不起，我不能停下。我在赶时间。 hurry to sp. 急忙去某地 It was late and he had to hurry to the train station. 天色已晚，他只能匆忙赶去火车站。 hurry to do sth. 急忙做某事 Why do you hurry to leave 为什么你急着离开？
hurried adj. 匆忙完成的 hurriedly adv. 匆忙地；仓促地
7. due adj. 预期；预定
be due to do sth. 预计做某事、预计要做某事 be due for sth. 预计做某事、预计要做某事 The book report is due in two weeks. 读书报告两周后要交。 in+一段时间：一段时间之后 The meeting is due to start at 3:30. 会议预定 3：30 开始。
The next train is due in five minutes. 下一班火车预定在五分钟后到达。
8. ship n. 船（指大型的船只，如轮船、汽船等） boat 表示小型船只，如小木船
take a/the ship 乘船（动词短语） by ship 乘船（介词短语）
There is a big restaurant on the ship. 这艘船上有一个大的餐厅。
8. tool n. 工具
a useful tool 一个有用的工具
This is a tool for opening cans. 这是一个开罐头的工具。
9. gun n. 枪；炮
2 toy guns 两个玩具枪 fire a gun 开火
It’s illegal to carry guns in our country. 在我们国家，携带枪支是违法的。
11. mark n. 迹象；记号；分数 v. 做记号；打分
You can mark some marks on the trees so that you won’t get lost in the forest. 你可以在树上标记一些记号， 以便你不会在森林里迷路。 She always gets good marks. 她总是获得高分。
12. sand n. 沙滩；沙
on the sand 在沙滩上 sandy adj. 沙地的；多沙的；含沙的
We went for a walk on the sand. 我们在沙滩散步。
13. towards prep. 朝； 向；对着
towards 意为“朝； 向 ”，只说明运动方向、动作朝向，无“到达 ”之意
The teacher is walking towards his office. 老师正在朝他的办公室走去。
The boy ran towards his father after seeing the beautiful flowers.
13. land n. 陆地；大地 v. 着陆；降落（反义短语为 take off 起飞）
on land 在陆地上 a piece of land 一块陆地、一片陆地
Do you know what is the smallest animal on land 你知道陆地上最小的动物是什么吗？
The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆。
14. fiction n. 小说
2 science fictions 2 部科幻小说
Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction. 现实生活有时候比小说更离奇。
16. technology n 技术；工艺(不可数名词) adj. technological 科技的
Science and technology are the primary productive force. 科学技术是第一生产力。
17. French n. 法语 adj. 法国的；法语的；法国人的
speak French 讲法语 two French scientists 2 名法国的科学家 in France 在法国
He can speak not only English but also French. 他不但会说英语，而且会说法语。
18. pop n. 流行音乐；流行乐曲
pop music 流行音乐
---What kind of music do you like best ---I like pop music.
I am not interested in pop music. 我对流行音乐不感兴趣。
popular adj. 流行的；受欢迎的 get popular 变得流行；变得受欢迎 be popular with sb.受某人欢迎
popularity n. 普及；流行
19. rock n. 摇滚乐 rock music 摇滚乐
I like rock music best. 我最喜欢摇滚乐。
rock n (c) 石头；石块
Be careful of the falling rocks. 当心落石。
20. country music 乡村音乐 classical music 古典乐 jazz music 爵士乐 rap music 说唱音乐
21. band n. 乐队
Beyond is my favorite band. 比样乐队是我最喜欢的乐队。
22. forever adv. 永远
They will live forever in our hearts. 他们将永远活在我们心中。
23. abroad adv. 在国外；到国外
at home and abroad 在国内外 go abroad 出国 study abroad 留学；在国外学习 live abroad 住在国外
This movie is popular both at home and abroad. 这部电影在国内外都很受欢迎。
24. actually adv. 真实地；事实上 actual adj. actually=in fact=as a matter of fact
Actually, I don’t want to go out tonight. 说实话，今晚我不想出去。
25. ever since 自从=since ，其后+表示过去的时间状语或从句，常用于完成时的句子中。
Ever since then, we’ve been good friends. 从那时起/从那以后/从那时以来，我们一直是好朋友。 Ever since last year, I haven’t heard from him. 自从去年以来，我一直没有收到他的信。
It has been easier for me to go to work ever since shared bikes appeared. 自从共享单车出现，我上班容易多了。
26. fan n. 迷；狂热爱好者 n. 风扇；扇子
a fan of... 一个....迷；一个...爱好者
She is a fan of American country music.她是一个美国乡村音乐迷。
The fans are very crazy at the concert. 在音乐会上，粉丝们特别疯狂。
We need buy a new fan. 我们需要买一个新风扇。
27. southern adj. 南方的
in the southern part of China 在中国的南部
-ern 形容词后缀 northern 北方的 eastern 东方的 western 西方的
south n. north n. east n. west n.
28. modern adj. 现代的；当代的
modern life 现代生活 in modern times 在现代 in ancient times 在古代
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is considered as one of the “seven wonders” of the modern world. 港珠澳大桥被认为是现代世界的七大奇迹之一。
29. success n.成功 (抽象名词，不可数). success 表示“成功的人；成功的事 ”时是可数名词
succeed v. 成功 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
The road to success is never straight. 通往成功的道路从来都不是笔直的。
What is the secret of your success 你成功的秘诀是什么？
The party was a big success and everyone had a good time. 这次聚会非常成功，每个人都玩得很开心。
Mr. Zhang succeeded in selling different kinds of things. He is a successful businessman because he sold many things successfully. Every think he is a success.张先生成功销售出不同种类的东西。他是一个成功的商人，因为他成功 地销售出很多东西。大家都认为他是一个成功的人。
30. belong v. 属于；归属 belonging n.行李；随身物品
belong to sb. 属于某人
The pink dress belongs to me. = The pink dress is mine.
31. one another 彼此；相互=each other
one another ，each other 不可作主语；常放在动词和介词后面作宾语
名词所有格 one another’s each other’s
We all try to help one another. =We all try to help each other.我们都尽力帮助彼此。
They know one another’s weaknesses. 他们了解彼此的弱点。
32. laughter n. (不可数名词)笑声
Laughter is the best medicine. 笑是最好的良药。
laugh v.笑；大笑 laugh at 嘲笑
Life is full of laughter and tears. 生活充满了欢笑和泪水。
I told a joke to make them laugh, but I didn’t hear any laughter. 我说了一个笑话逗他们笑，但我没有听到任何笑声。
33. beauty n. 美；美丽（不可数名词） beauty 表示“美丽的人；美丽的事物 ”时可数名词
He went to the forest and enjoyed the beauty of nature. 他去了森立，享受大自然之美。
She was a famous beauty when she was young. 她年轻时是个有名的美人。
beautiful adj. 美丽的 beautifully adv. 美丽地
34. million num. 百万 three million 三百万 millions of 数百万的...
Six million trees were planted on these hills. 在这些山上种了六百万棵树。
We all know that millions of birds fly to Dongting Lake in winter. 我们都知道在冬季数百万只鸟飞往洞庭湖。
hundreds of...数以百计的... thousands of... 数以千计的...
35. record n. 唱片；记录 v.录制；录音
hold the record 保持记录 break the record 打破记录 set a new record 创造一个新记录
He broke the record of the race. 他打破了比赛记录。
I spent a lot of time listening to records. 我花了很多时间听唱片。
record v. 录制；录音 record a record 录制一张唱片
The singer is recording his new record. 那位歌手正在录制他的新唱片。
He is a fan of music. He owns a lot of records. He hopes to record his own record one day.
36. introduce v. 介绍 introduction n. 介绍
introduce A to B 把 A 介绍给 B an introduction to/of/about the country music 一个对于乡村音乐的介绍
I would like to introduce my friend Mary to you. 我想把我的朋友玛丽给你介绍一下。
introduce oneself 作自我介绍 Please let me introduce myself.
This article is about the introduction of/to the butterfly. 这篇文章是关于蝴蝶的介绍的。
37. line n. 行；排
He is a little bit short so he stands in the first line. 他有点矮，所以他站在了第一排。
The teacher asked us to stand in a line. 老师要我们站成一排。
cut in line 插队 wait in line 排队等候 draw a straight line 画一条直线
38. cannibal n.食人肉着
39. can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
40. It’s one’s dream to do sth. 作某事是某人的梦想。（it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构 to do sth.）
41. at the end of...在...末尾、末端 at the end of May 在五月末
42. the home of... ...之乡
43. the number of...+动词单三形式 ... 的数量 a number of...+名词复数 许多...
There are a number of books in the library and the number of them is creasing.