2024年人教版中考英语复习 第五节 介词（无答案）

第五节 介词
介词是一种虚词。
介词后的词或词语是介词的宾语，介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。
考点：介词和介词短语
一、介词的主要用法
介词不能单独作为句子成分。通常放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词语前面，表明这个词和句中其他成分之间的关系。
例：The stone is under the big tree.
二、介词的种类
1.简单介词
由一个单词构成的介词叫作简单介词，如：at,in,on,with等。
根据其用法，又分为以下几类：
(1)表示时间：at,in,on,about,after,before,by,during,from,past,since,through,till,until等。
(2)表示地点和方向：above,across,against,along,among,around,at,behind,below,between,by ,from,
to,past,toward等。
(3)表示方式：by,in,like,on,over,through,with,as等。
(4)表示目的：for,against,to等。
(5)表示所属：of等。
(6)表示涉及：about,except,besides等。
(7)表示比较：as,like,than,unlike等。
(8)表示原因：for,with等。
2.短语介词
由一个或两个简单介词或几个其他词类组合成一个短语，叫作短语介词。
如：instead of,because of,due to等。
3.复合介词
由两个词合成的介词叫作复合介词，如：into,throughout等。
4.双重介词
介词后又接了一个介词，从而构成双重介词，如：up to,out of等。
5.分词介词
由动词的现在分词形式转化而来的介词叫作分词介词，如：including。
注：
this /that /these /those /last /every /each等词构成的时间短语，前面可以不用介词。
例：We go there every Sunday.
for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，常翻译成“对于……而言”。
例：It's too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.
of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面表语的逻辑主语。
例：It's very nice /kind of you to do so.
介词有时会与它的宾语分离，而且宾语前置。
例：I finally found a chair to sit on.
三、介词短语
介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，构成介词短语。
常考查的介词短语：
according to, along with, as a result of, at the age of, at the back of, at the end of, because of,
due to, from….to..., in(the)front of, in honor of, instead of, next to等。
四、词组中常见的介词固定搭配
arrive at /in 到达……
at night 在晚上
at the end of 在……末端/结束时
be afraid of 害怕
fall off 跌落
be famous for 因……而闻名
be fond of 喜欢，喜爱
be different from 与……不同
be angry with 对……生气
be full of 充满/装满
in short 总之
be good at 擅长……
in total 总共
be made of 由…做成(可见材质)
be made from 由…制成(不可见材质)
by the end of 不迟于…/到…末为止
be strict with 对……严格要求
be similar to 与……相似/相像
prepare for 准备
run after 追逐
stick to 坚持
be born with 天生具有
get on(well)with 与某人相处(融洽)
be in charge of 掌管
pass by 路过
in the east of 在……的东部
on weekends 在周末
be thankful to 对……感恩
mistake..for 误认为
be busy with 忙于
care for 照顾
compare with 比较
on a bike(=by bike) 骑自行车
on foot 步行
be thirsty for 渴求
look through 浏览
leave for 出发去……
with the help of(或with one's help在……的帮助下
clean off 擦掉
regard...as 把……当作
shout at(to) 喊叫
take after (外貌或行为)像
五、某些介词及介词短语的用法辨析
1.时间介词in,on,at的用法区别：
in表示在一段时间里。
on表示在具体的某一天或某天的上、下午等。
at表示在某个时刻或瞬间。
练习：
用in/on/at填空
1.He was born__________the morning of July 20.2004
2.__________2012,Mr.Brown did lots of business in China.
3.__________that moment,I couldn't help crying.
4.__________that day.people dressed themselves in fine clothes
5.__________midnight,the poor man died.
答案：1.on 2.In 3.At 4.On 5.At
2.after与in表示时间的用法区别：
“after+一段时间”表示“在…之后”,可与过去时连用。
“after+具体时刻”表示“在…时刻之后”,此时可用于将来时。
“in+一段时间”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。
练习：
用after/in填空
1.He said that he would be here__________6:00 p.m
2.We will go to Australia__________three weeks
3.Will you return here__________Tuesday
4.The Smiths will come back ________two days.
5.__________a week,they had to leave.
答案：1.after 2.in 3.after 4.in 5.After
3.since与for表示时间的用法区别：
since+过去的具体时间点；
since+一段时间
for+一段时间，表示“持续…之久”。
练习：
用since/for填空
1.Uncle Li has worked in this factory__________1990.
2.We have lived in this small town ___________twenty-six years.
3.We haven't met__________three years ago
4.You can keep the library book___________half a month.
答案：1.since 2.for 3.since 4.for
4.by,in与with表示方式的用法区别：
by,in与with都可以表示“工具、手段”,
by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具，或“以……方式”,或在被动句中表示动作的执行者。
in表示“使用”某种语言/文字。
with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。
练习：
用by/in/with填空
1.Let's go to the park__________bus instead of on foot.
2.The book was written__________Guo Jingming.
3.Please write the letter__________English
4.We see__________our eyes.
答案：1.by 2.by 3.in 4.with
5.through,across与over的用法区别：
through指“穿过……(门洞、人群、树林)”。
across指“跨越……(街道、河流)”。
over表示“翻过……(墙、围栏、山脉)”。
练习：用across/through/over填空
1.Jack will swim__________the river tomorrow.
2.The visitors went__________the big gate into another garden.
3.They climbed__________the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.
4.The sun shines__________the windows into the dark room.
答案：1.across 2.through 3.over 4.through
6.as与like的区别：
as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实。
like译为“像……一样”,表示外表，不是事实。
练习：
用as/like填空
__________a teacher,he must know more and teach more.
Liu Jun speaks English__________a native(当地的) speaker.
3. __________a Chinese,we must love our country.
4.The robots can do things__________human beings.
答案：1.As 2.like 3.As 4.like
7.at the end of,by the end of,to the end,in the end的用法区别：
at the end of既可表示时间也可表示地点，译为“在...末；在...尽头”。
by the end of只能表示时间，译为“在...之前；到...为止”。
to the end译为“直到最后”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。
in the end表示“终于；最后”。
练习：
选词填空
__________(By/In)the end,he succeeded in the final exams.
__________(In/At)the end of the road,we saw a big white house.
3.We will learn more than 500 words__________(by/in)the end of this term.
4.We should go on with the work__________(by/to)the end.
答案：1.In 2.At 3.by 4.to
8.in front of与in the front of的区别：
in front of“在……的前面”,指物体外部之前。
in the front of“在……的前部”,指物体内部之前。
练习：
用in front of/in the front of填空
1.A car stopped__________a big tree near my house.
2.I like to sit__________the classroom.
3.Don't sit___________the computer too long.
4.All the teachers sit__________the school hall.
答案：1.in front of 2.in the front of 3.in front of 4.in the front of
9.except与besides的区别：
except“除了”,表示排除某人或物，即不包含。
besides“除了”,表示包含，即“除了……之外还有……”。
练习：
用except/besides填空
1.We learn math and English__________Chinese.
2.Everyone went to the museum__________Tom.He was ill at home.
3.__________his sister,his mother also went to see the movie.
4.They all stayed indoors__________Li Jun.He went outside to play basketball.
答案：1.besides 2.except 3.Besides 4.except
10.on,over与above的区别：
on表示“在……上面”,表面相互接触。
over表示“在……正上方”,有垂直关系，与under相对。
above只表示“在……上方或位置高出”,与below相对。
练习：
用on/over/above填空
1.A plane flew__________our heads.
2.There is an apple__________the table.
3.There was an electric clock__________his bed.
4.There is a bridge__________the river.
答案：1.above 2.on 3.above 4.over
11.between与among的区别：
between多指两者之间。也可以表示多种事物两两之间的关系。
among多指三者或三者以上的“在……之间”。
练习：
用between/among填空
1.There are many differences__________Jim and his brother.
2.Beijing is__________the biggest cities in the world.
3.There is lots of love__________children and parents.
4.There was a fight__________the two boys.
答案：1.between 2.among 3.between 4.between
介词专项基础练习篇
( ) 1. I'm watching an American TV play recently.It's been on________two months.
A.for B.since C.in
( ) 2. Judy is a kind girl.She often helps us________our math.
A.on B.with C.at
( ) 3. —Have you heard____________him since your best friend moved to England
—Yes,we write letters once a month.
A.of B.about C.from
( ) 4. They arrived at Harbin Taiping Airport________the morning of July 20.
A.on B.in C.at
( ) 5.—Since we have a lot in common,I'm glad to make friends__________you.
—Me,too.Let's be good friends.
A.about B.on C.with
( ) 6.All of us went to the park________Bob.He needed to look after his sick brother.
A.except B.besides C.including
( ) 7.—You look unhappy.What's wrong with you —I had a bad cold and asked________two days' leave just now.
A.for B.of C.off
( ) 8.He will give us a report________the secret of nature.
A.in B.on C.at
( ) 9.When Albert Einstein was a boy,he showed great interest ________science.
A.at B.in C.to
( ) 10.Light comes in________the windows.The whole room is quite bright now.
A.across B.by C.through
( ) 11.Eating too much is bad________your health.Would you like to go________a walk
A.for,for B.to,to C.for,to
( ) 12.—They are sitting________a big apple tree.—Yeah,I can see lots of apples________the tree.
A.in front of,in B.in front of,on C.in the front of,on
( ) 13.I'm not able to speak Indian well.Can you say it________English
A.with B.by C.in
( ) 14.—Thank you________giving me so much help.
—You're welcome.
A.for B.to C.on
( )15. ________my uncle's thirties,he sailed around the world with his brave friends.
A.On B.With C.In
( )16.Canada lies________the north of the USA,and Japan is________the east of China.
A.on,to B.in,on C.on,on
( )17.To value what you are having is necessary.It's foolish________you to give it up.
A.of B.for C.at
( )18.—The story is________simple English.You can read it.—Thanks a lot.
A.in B.on C.with
( )19.—Is that man our new math teacher —Which one You mean the man________blue
A.in B.on C.with
( )20.I'm proud_________you.You have the ability to beat it.
A.with B.in C.of
( )21.It's time to go home after this pleasant trip.Tomorrow morning we'll leave________Beijing.
A.in B.to C.for
( )22.Don't be angry_________your parents________small things
A.with,at B.on,to C.at,of
( )23.Beibei,you should follow the doctor's advice to keep on running even________such a cold morning
A.at B.on C.in
( )24.—The new dress looks very nice________you.—Thank you.I'm glad you say so.
A.for B.at C.on
( )25.—What would you do_________the lost library book —I would try to find it or pay _______it.
A.for,to B.about,for C.with,for
( )26.How can you go________the street when the traffic is heavy
A.across B.through C.around
( ) 27.The father took his little boy to the concert.But the boy was too young to sit________the whole concert.
A.for B.with C.through
( )28.How clever the young girl is!________the age of ten,she was able to play the piano.
A.After B.In C.At
( )29.Her birthday is ________winter,the most beautiful season in a year.
A.in B.at C.on
( ) 30.We communicate________each other in many ways,such as by e -mail or by phone,
A.with B.through C.on
( ) 31.Please call me________010-3432433 if you want more information about Beijing and its culture.
A.on B.at C.by
( )32.—Our English teacher came in________a smile on her face.
—Really She must be satisfied with our grades.
A.for B.including C.with
( )33.________a student,you should follow the school rules.
A.As B.With C.Like
( )34.I hope you will be here at half________eight tomorrow morning.
A.to B.at C.past
( )35.—We want to learn a second foreign language________English.
—Good idea!
A.besides B.except C.except for
( )36.Taiwan is an important part of China.It lies________the southeast of China.
A.on B.in C.to
( )37.The train________Harbin and Dalian arrives in a few minutes.Please hurry up.
A.among B.between C.along
( )38.There is a small house________the trees,and it looks so beautiful.
A.across B.through C.among
( )39.The headmaster will show the foreign friends ________our beautiful school.
A.along B.to C.around
( )40.You must stand________line when you are waiting________a bus.
A.in,for B.up,on C.at,to
( )41.I lost my way and my parents were quite worried________me.
A.about B.with C.to
( )42.—You prefer riding a bike________taking a bus,don't you
—Yes,I do.
A.on B.with C.to
( )43.—Why are you________such a hurry
—I must meet my aunt________the airport.
A.at,in B.in,at C.with,at
( )44.Don't go to school________breakfast.It's a bad habit.
A.without B.for C.like
( ) 45.Most big shops are open________10:00 a.m.and 8:30 p.m.during the Spring Festival.
A.from B.between C.through
( )46.To my surprise,I saw many people dancing________the music at the end of the party.What a good time they had!
A.in B.on C.to
( )47.Don't work________the sun for a long time.You need to take a rest now.
A.under B.on C.in
( )48.We visited so many beautiful places________Suzhou,Hangzhou and Nanjing and en-joyed ourselves________last summer vacation.
A.to,in B.as,on C.like,during
( )49.It's said that this evening dress is made________silk and it is made________hand.So it is rather expensive.
A.of,by B.with,from C.from,in
( )50.There are two bottles on the table.One is full________beer while the other is filled________coffee.
A.of,of B.of,with C.with,of
( )51.Harbin is famous________its ice and snow________the Ice City
A.for,as B.of,as C.as,to
( )52.—Good luck________you next time.—Thank you.I'll go out of my way to do it.
A.with B.to C.for
( )53.The Great Wall of China runs from west to east,across deserts,________mountains and through valleys(山谷),till it reaches the sea.
A.below B.over C.to
( )54.The whole family were________agreement about what they should do next.
A.about B.of C.in
( )55.Cars and buses go________the right side of the road in all the parts of China except Hong Kong.
A.on B.a C.in
( )56. ________the daytime,it stays above 20℃
A.In B.At C.On
( )57.—English is used________businessmen all over the world.
—Yeah,it's also the working language in the UN.
A.for B.of C.by
( )58._________the help of my math teacher,I caught up with other students.
A.On B.With C.Under
介词专项中考链接提高篇
( )1.Boys and girls,wish you to do well in the English exam ___________a light heart.Good luck to everyone.
A.on B.with C.without
( )2.Don't stay inside._________such a sunny morning.Lets go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.
A.on B.in C.from
( )3.Communication is very important in our life.It is a bridge._________the old and the young.
A.across B.through C.between
( )4.—We'll have a trip after the exam.When shall we meet
—Let's make it_________half past eight_________the morning of June 29.
A.at,on B./,on C.at,in
( ) 5.—David,how can I improve my spoken English
—You can improve it__________listening and speaking more.
A.by B.with C.along
( )6.A car accident happened__________Jack Smith yesterday.He was badly hurt.
A.to B.on C.with
( )7.—Would you please provide us__________some information about the accident
—Sure.
A.to B.for C.with
( )8.You can find away t reach your goals when you are proud_______yourself and stand tall like a sunflower.
A.on B.from C.of
( )9.—Have you found your key____________they door
—No.I must have lost it.
A.to B.of C.for
( )10.—Shall we stop and wait for the others
—Sounds good,but I think they will catch up____________mistakes.
A.during B.with C.in
( ) 11.When he saw the old lady______a pair of thick glasses get on the bus,the boy gave up his seat_______her.
A.in,for B.with,for C.with,to
( )12.My grandpa is strongly____________keeping wild animals in the zoo,because he thinks animals should also have the right(权力)to enjoy their freedom.
A.up B.against C.down
( )13.Around the world,more than 30%of schools can't provide safe drinking water____________about 570 million children
A.with B.for C.towards
( )14.—How goon will you come back to school
—__________Wednesday.As soon as I finish my work,I will return.
A.In B.After C.At
( )15.—You've worked on this math problem for half an hour.Can I do you a favor
—No,thanks.I believe I can work it out__________my own.
A.on B.with C.by
( )16.—I’ve got two tickets__________the Opening Ceremony of the Swimming Games.Would you like to go with me
—Of course
A.on B.with C.for
( )17.The woman stood__________the window,watching the children playing games in the garden,
A.past B.through C.by
( )18.—Is that Nancy speaking This is Alice.
—Oh,it's you,Alice!Your voice sounds very different __________the phone.
A.from B.in C.on
( )19.Many students in the USA like wearing school uniforms because they want to look the same__________their classmates and it makes them know they are at school.
A.as B.for C.like
( )20.__________the end of last month,we had learned 1,500 words and expressions.
A.Since B.By C.At
( )21.—Are your teachers strict with you __________your study
—Yes,they expect me to enter a good university in the future.
A.on B.at C.in
( )22.—Junior high school days will be over_________a week.How are you feeling
—I'm trying to keep my cool because we've been together__________four years.
A.in,in B.for,in C.in,for
( )23.—Next time you're in Melbourne,Australia,make sure to drop__________this candy store!
—All right.
A.to B.off C.by
( )24.—Health comes first.That's_________sure.—That's true.Without health,everything means“zero”.
A.for B.without C.besides
( )25.Lisa,the room is________.Put away all the things that belong to you.
A.at risk B.in a mess C.in need
( )26.—Would you like coffee or tea
—Coffee,of course.By the way,where's the milk I prefer coffee________milk.
A.like B.to C.with
( )27.After she got married________him,their love story moved the people through out their village.
A.to B.with C.for
( )28.—Walk along this street ___________and you'll find the hospital on your left.
—Thanks a lot.
A.at the end B.to the end C.by the end
( )29.Time flies!We will take the most important exams __________less than seven months' time.
A.in B.on C.after
( )30.—We often mistake Jack________John because they are twin brothers.
—Yeah,they exactly look the same.
A.to B.for C.against
( )31.To complete our online learning,we need a computer or a smart phone to receive the messages________our teachers.
A.through B.with C.from
( )32.—Is there a map of Australia___________the front wall
—Yes,beside it,there is a big window __________the wall.
A.in,in B.on,in C.in,al
( )33.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech__________environmental protection,and we learned something about recycling waste.
A.on B.at C.to
( )34.On sunny days,my grandma often reads a novel__________the window.
A.by B.with C.from
( )35.—My father is coming back from Canada__________about a month.
—Sounds great.You will have a wonderful family time.
A.in B.after C.without
( )36.—Mike takes__________his father.He is of medium height with two big eyes.
—Yes,they have a lot in common.
A.in B.up C.after
( )37.—Do you have a pen to write _________ —No,you can ask Jessica for one.
A.on B.by C.with
( )38.—How did the visitors escape(逃离)from the fire at that moment
—They climbed out ___________the windows.
A.over B.on C.through
( )39.My Chinese teacher is strict with us_________a father.He's also encouraging us to go forward.
A.as B.like C.without
( )40.People in the village make tea_________hand.They get up early to pick tea leaves and then process them in their yards.
A.by B.with C.at
( )41.We have been learning swimming______last month.Several of us have been able to swim a few meters.
A.for B.in C.since
( )42.Let's compare this article_________that one.I think Liu Mei's article is much better.
A.on B.to C.with
( )43.He drove so fast at the crossing that the car almost went_________the road.
A.off B.on C.along
( )44.The People's Republic of China was founded(成立)_________October 1st,1949. We'll celebrate its 73rd anniversary this year.
A.in B.on C.at
( )45.Before each exam,you should prepare for it and be relaxed_________the eve of it。
A.in B.on C.at
( )46.—Clothes in this shop are_________sale.
—Let's go.They sell things_________low prices now.
A.at,on B.on, at C.on,in
( )47.Sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.So you're halfway to solving a problem just______talking to someone about it.
A.with B.by C.in
( )48.As is known________all,China is trying to develop fast in all kinds of fields these years and we are pretty proud of our country.
A.of B.to C.in