人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇课件(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
Unit4 Adversity and Courage
words
adversity n.困境；逆境 pl:adversities,
遇到逆境 meet with/encounter adversity
adverse adj.不利的;相反的;敌对的
adverse conditions 不利条件 adverse effect 不良反应
The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.
由于天气恶劣，探险活动中止了。
in a dilemma 处于窘境，进退两难
in trouble 处于麻烦中
in need/in danger 在危难中
wage n.工资
weekly/hourly wage 周薪/时薪
词语辨析：wage, income, pay 和salary
1. wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱；
2. income 指收入、收益、所得；
3. pay 指工资、薪水；
4. salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
bitter adj.味苦的;严寒的；激烈而不愉快的
After biting a bitter gourd, bitter tears of embarrassment streamed down his cheeks.
吃了一根苦瓜后,尴尬的苦涩泪水从他脸颊流了下来.
As the saying goes, “ A good medicine tastes bitter.”
俗话说，“良药苦口”
a bitter experience 痛苦的经历
on a bitter cold winter morning
shed bitter tears 流下苦涩的泪水
bitterly
adv. 痛苦地；愤恨地
bitterness
n. 苦味；悲苦；痛苦
/acid
spicy/hot
adj 辣的
expedition n.探险；远征；探险队
go on an expedition to North pole
去北极探险
同义词:
exploration n.探险
endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力 【U】
beyond endurance 忍无可忍
endure vt.
他无法忍受被打败。
He can’t endure being defeated.
He can’t endure to be defeated.
enduring adj.持久的
endurable adj.可忍受的
unendurable adj无法忍受的
+to do sth/doing sth
vigour / vigor n.精力；力量；活动[U]
be full of vigor/energy 充满活力
vigorous adj.有力的；精力充沛的 同义：energetic/dynamic
turn on/off 打开/关掉
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn to 求助于；翻到
turn sb. down
拒绝（某人）/调低
The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality.
量变导致质变。
qualify v.使合格,限定
qualified adj.有资格的；具有…的知识
a qualified professor 具有资历的教授
I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I’m well qualified__for_the job.
be qualified for sth能够胜任... ，有资格获得...
be qualified to do sth.有资格做...
unqualified adj.没有资历的
overqualified adj.资历过高的
qualification n.合格证书，资格，学历
enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.
be enthusiastic about sth./sb 对...有热情的
enthusiastically adv. 热情地
enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱 同义：passion
with (great) enthusiasm （非常）热情地
full of enthusiasm 充满热情
enthusiast n.热心者，爱好者
board n.木板；董事会；伙食 vt.上船（机）
She has a seat on the board of directors. 她是董事会成员。
Have the passengers gone on board yet 在船（或飞机）上
a boarding school 寄宿学校
board the plane 上飞机
aboard adv. & prep.上(船/飞机/汽车等)
go aboard(the plane)上飞机
易混词:abroad adv.国外地;到国外
go abroad 去国外 study abroad 留学
both at home and abroad 国内外
broad adj.宽阔的 a broad smile/grin 咧嘴笑
broaden v.使…变宽 broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野
assign vt.布置；分配
assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb. 给某人分派某任务/事物
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
他指派我去做服务员，现在我服务一个28岁的男的供应餐点，一天三次。
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
On receiving the ________________(assign), we set out to work at once.一接到任务，我们就立即开始工作。
assignment n.任务，作业；分派，布置
take on an assignment 承担一项任务
assignment
steward n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；
stewardess n 女乘务员
通用词:attendant 服务生
host-hostess waiter-waitress
actor-actress prince-princess
envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌
词源:来自一种古老的巫术named“邪恶之眼”(evil eye)—envy
British television is the envy of the world.
be the envy of sb/sth 成为...羡慕/忌妒的对象
他羡慕地看着其他人。
He watched the others with envy.
He did that out of envy.
出于嫉妒（out of curiosity/sympathy/pity）
envious adj.羡慕的，妒忌的 同义：jealous adj.嫉妒的
crush vt.毁坏,压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群;迷恋,痴情;热恋的对象，痴情的对象
Dating his crush has been the best thing that ever happened to him since a long time ago.
和迷恋的对象约会对他来说是长久以来发生的最好的事情.
crush one’s hopes/enthusiasm/confidence
粉碎某人的希望/热情/信心
have a crush on sb (短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人)
crushing adj.毁坏性的，惨重的 crushed adj.被压碎的
a crushing blow 一次沉重的打击
crushed peanuts 花生碎
同义词: crash n.v.碰撞
sink - sank/sunk - sunk 下沉； vt.使下沉；n.洗碗池
sink into the sea/anger 陷入,沉入
She sank into the chair, not knowing what to do next.
她颓然地倒在椅子上，不知道下一步做什么。
My heart sank when I saw how much assignment I had left.
我看到我留下那么多任务，心顿时沉了下去。
sb's heart sinks 某人心沉了下去（指心情沮丧）
a sinking feeling 不详的感觉,沮丧之情
Watching the beautiful sinking sun, Mr. King was sunk in thought.
be sunk/lost in thought 陷入沉思中
看着美丽的落日，金先生陷入了沉思中。
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃(主动) 同义：give up/quit
abandon sb./(doing)sth 遗弃某人/放弃(做)某物
1.Abandoned to online games, Peng Zijun’s brother,the internet addict/abuser, didn’t do any homework in the last monthly break. Soon,he became an abandoned child.
沉溺于网络游戏无法自拔,彭子俊的弟弟这个网瘾君子上次月假没有做任何作业.很快,他就成为了一个被抛弃的孩纸.
2.He abandoned himself to grief because of his wife’s death.
由于妻子的去世，他陷入了悲痛之中。
abandon oneself to sth./ be abandoned to sth. 沉溺于某事
a teenager abandoned (abandon) to the internet 沉迷网络的少年
n. 放任；放纵 He signed cheques with abandon. 放纵地
stove n.炉具；厨房灶具
blanket n. 毯子，厚层
a blanket of snow/cloud/fog
一层厚厚的雪/云/雾
The ground was soon covereded with a blanket of snow.
地面很快铺上了一层厚厚的积雪。
belongings n. [pl.] 财物；动产
personal belongings 个人财物
a sense of belonging 归属感
belong vi.应被放在;属于
Penguins belong to the bird family, not amphibian两栖动物.
belong to 属于
同类表达：
savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体
无被动无进行
miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
The play was a thoroughly miserable failure.
He failed miserably (miserable) as an actor.
miserably adv. 痛苦地 miserably poor 极度地贫困
misery n.痛苦，悲惨
make sb’s life a misery 让人痛苦
navy n.海军；海军部队
decent adj.得体的;正派的;穿好衣服的
a decent job/salary/citizen
cosy =cozy adj.温馨的;舒适的
cosily adv. 温馨的,舒适地
a cosy little room
温馨的小房间(修饰物)
feel cosy and warm
感觉温暖舒适(修饰人)
a cosy feeling
惬意的感觉
selfish adj.自私的
selfishly adv. 自私地
selfishness n.自私 selfless adj.无私的 selflessly adv. 无私地,忘我地
temper n.脾气;性情
(have) a short/quick temper 急性子
(have) a good/bad temper 脾气好/差
keep/lose one’s temper （with sb）
（对某人）忍住脾气/发脾气
他对一位顾客发了脾气，冲着人家大喊大叫。
He lost his temper with a customer and shouted at him.
辨析：temperature
good/ bad-tempered
adj. 脾气好的/坏的
short/quick-tempered
adj. 性急的
genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的
a genuine painting of Picasso 毕加索真迹 反义：
show genuine concern for others
表示对他人真诚的关心 同义：
形近：genius n 天才
genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地
=sincere
=fake
perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
面对逆境表现出极大毅力
show great perseverance in the face of adversities
with perseverance adv. 坚持不懈地
persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求
persevere in/with one’s study 坚持不懈地学习
翻译：英语老师鼓励我们坚持不懈地练习我们的英语口语。
The English teacher encouraged us to persevere in practicing our spoken English.
resolve vi. &vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)
n.决心;坚定的信念
resolve a problem 解决问题
resolve to do sth. 决心做某事
strengthen one’s resolve v.坚定了决心
dissolve v 溶解,分解(dis分开+solve=松开分散=溶解)
Resolution n.
resolution n.决议；解决；分辨率 resolute a.坚决的;果断的
a satisfactory resolution to the problem令人满意的解决方案
make a resolution to do sth. 决定做某事
Influenced by my friends, I resolved to improve my spoken English.
受朋友的影响，我决心提高我的英语口语。
crew n.(轮船、飞机等 )全体工作人员;一群人
None of the passengers and crew were injured.
没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。
cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的:冷酷的
be cruel to ..
cruel truth/game/king/eyes 目光冷酷
cruelty n.残忍 loyalty/honesty
cruelly adv. cruelty n.
I can't stand people who are cruel to animals.
我无法容忍虐待动物的人。
thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
a thorough cleaning大扫除
thoroughly
Professor Zhang has a thorough knowledge of Tang poetry.
张教授对唐诗了如指掌。
furniture n.家具 【U】
furniture [U] n. 家具
a piece / an item of furniture 一件家具
a set of furniture 一套家具
furnish v. 为...配备家具
be furnished with 配备着...
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
fortunately adv.幸运地
fortune n.财富;运气
make a fortune发财
seek/try one's fortune碰运气
fortune n.
运气
fortunate adj.
幸运的
unfortunate adj.
不幸的
fortunately adv.
幸运地
unfortunately adv.
不幸地
application n.申请;请求;应用
同根词:apply v.申请;应用 applicant 申请人
appliance n.y用具;器械 domestic~家用电器
apply for a job申请工作
apply sth.to sth.把...应用(涂抹)到...
apply what we have learned to our daily life
apply to sth/sb.适用于某事/人
apply to do sth.申请做某事
bark vi. 犬吠& n.(狗)吠叫；树皮
rugby n.英式橄榄球运动
Football n.美式橄榄球
Soccer n.英式足球
bat n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打
Batter n击球手
damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 n.v.潮湿
Wipe the surface with a damp cloth.
用湿布擦表面。
同义词:wet a.湿的
get wet soaking wet
recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏[C][U]
improve facilities for leisure and recreation
改进休闲娱乐设施
同义词entertainment /amusement/pastime
guidance n.指导；引导；导航
guide v.指导n.导游,向导
guideline指导方针
under one’s guidance=under the guidance of
在....的指导下
guide sb. around/to/through+ sp. 给某人领路
_________(guide) by the local farmer, we found the old house easily.
Guided
nephew n.侄子；外甥
niece n.侄女;外甥女
siblings 兄弟姐妹
advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告
advertisement n.广告
commercial n.商业广告
advertising n.广告业
advertiser n. 广告商人
Our school is advertising for an English teacher online.
我们学校正在网上等广告要招聘一名英语老师。
corporation n.(大)公司;社团
corporate a.公司的;共同的
corporate responsibility
共同的责任
rough adj.粗糙的；粗野的;粗略的
rough track 凹凸不平的小径
~ hands/skin粗糙的手/皮肤
a rough sea 波涛汹涌的大海
undergo/go through a rough patch/time面临一个艰难的时期
a rough night不眠之夜
be rough on sb.对某人很凶
a tough call艰难的决定
roughly adv. 粗暴地；粗糙地；大约，差不多
treat sb./sth/ roughly 粗暴地对待某人/某物
roughly speaking 粗略地说
navigator n.领航员；导航仪(飞机、船舶等)
Navigation a.
Navigate v.航行,导航
Loyal(老友) adj.忠诚的；忠实的
Royal n.皇室的(讲究忠诚;血统纯正)
Loyalty n.忠诚
be loyal to sb /sth对...忠心
motor n.(小)发动机；马达 adj.机动的,汽车的
Motorbike
motorcycle
an electric motor电动机
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
与give相关的短语汇总：
give in (to) （向...）让步，屈服于...
give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事
give away 泄露；赠送
give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发
give way to ... 给...让路；向...让步
Fire n.火(灾) v.点火;射击;解雇
Make fire 生火
Set fire to…, 放火烧…
(be) on fire /catch fire 着火
put out a fire
灭火
Off adv.prep.离开;下
give off=to produce sth such as a smell, heat, light, etc. 发出，放出（气味、热、光等）
The wood gave off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned.
木头燃烧时散发出甜甜的香味。
Some high school boys often give off an unpleasant and moudly odor / od / in summer．
一些高中男生在夏天经常会散发出一股难闻的发霉的气味。
episode n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；一集
Watch next week’s thrilling episode!
请收看下周扣人心弦的一集！
commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献
Make a commitment (to..)做出承诺
同根词:commit (com一起mit发送) vt .犯(罪); vi&vt使承担义务；使做出保证；许诺：
1 Commit a crime/error/suicide 犯罪/错/自杀
2 Commit sb.to (doing)sth.使..承担…责任
The government must commit itself to improving health care.政府必须致力于改善医疗保健服务水平
Commit oneself to=be committed to sth.致力于,全心奉献
=be dedicated/devoted to
Commit sb.to do sth.承诺某人做某事
Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully.
双方承诺和平解决争端。
motive n.动机；原因；目的
派生词:motivate vt. 刺激；使有动机；激发…的积极性 motivation n.动力
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.
考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。
a highly motivated student学习积极性很高的学生
the motive for (doing) sth. （做）某事的动机
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
在天知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)
Confucian a.儒家的;孔子的 n.孔门弟子;儒家
confucian culture 儒家文化
Confucian Temple 孔庙
Confucius 孔子
Practice
1. (2020·全国I卷）They are qualified ________ the marathon. for
2. (2019·天津二考）Touched by their __________ (enthusiasm) expression of affection, Marby thanked them all.
3. (2016·全国II卷）As writer Carolin Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventures was even a __________ (thorough) commercial effort.
4. (2018·浙江一考） It was so fortunate ________ (see) my friends again.
5. (2020·全国III卷）The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, and we also need your __________ (guide) on our performance.
for
enthusiastic
thoroughly
to see
guidance
Practice
6. (2017·江苏卷完形）With a _________(sink) feeling, he realized he actually enjoyed doing it.
7. (2017·全国III卷阅读）However, these plans ______________ (abandon) because of financial problems.
8. (2017·全国I卷阅读）Lockers are available to store any __________ (belong) during your visit.
9. (2019·全国II卷完形）A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one __________ (advertise) as lost in the local paper.
10. (2019·天津二考完形）Erin had gone beyongd what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a __________ (bitter) cold night. and for that I was extremely grateful.
sinking
were abandoned
belongs
advertised
bitterly
词汇复习
1.adversity n.困境；逆境
in adversity 在逆境中
2.wage n.工资；报酬
=pay/salary/income/earning(薪水；收入)
3.bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
bitterly adv.苦涩地；悲痛地；极其；非常
bitterness n.苦味；苦难；怨恨
bittersweet adj.苦乐参半的；又苦又甜的
4.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力
endure v.持续存在，持久；忍受；忍耐
endurable adj.能忍耐的；可忍受的；
beyond endurance 无法忍受
can’t endure/stand doing sth 不能忍受干某事
5. vigour n.精力；力量；活力 =energy
vigorous adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
6.turn sb. down 拒绝（某人）
turn down 减小；关小；调低；拒绝
turn的相关短语
turn up 出现;露面；调大音量
turn on 打开
turn off关上
turn to 转向；向...寻求帮助 ；翻书翻到…页
turn out （to be） 结果证明是
turn around 转身
turn into 变成
7.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识
qualify v.使具有资格；胜任；符合
qualification n.资格；学历；资历
be qualified for 有……的资格；可胜任
be qualified to do 有资格做某事
8. aboard adv&prep 上（船，飞机，汽车等）
board v.登上 n.板，甲板
abroad adv. 国外地
at home and abroad 国内外
9.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
enthusiasm n. 热情；激情；积极性
enthusiast n. 热衷者；爱好者；狂热者
enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地
be enthusiastic about 对...热情
with enthusiasm 热情地
10.assign v.分派；布置；分配
assignment n.作业；任务
assign sb. to do sth.指派某人做某事
assign sb sth =assign sth to sb 给某人分派....
11.steward n.乘务员；服务员
stewardess n.空姐；女服务员
例： host-hostess waiter-waitress
actor-actress prince-princess
12 envy n./v.羡慕；妒忌 (pl. envies 三单：envies) ( envied-envied)
envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的
out of envy 出于嫉妒
13.sink v.沉没；下沉；下降 ；使下沉
(sank-sunk)
sink into 陷入
we sank into our seats.我们瘫坐在座位上。
He sank into anger. 他陷入愤怒中。
14.abandon v.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
=give up/quit
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 沉湎于
abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望
15.belongings n.财物；动产
belong v.属于
belong to 属于（无进行时和被动语态）
16.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
miserably adv.痛苦地
misery n.痛苦；苦难；穷困；悲惨境遇
17.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的；像样的
decently adv.合适地；高雅地；正派地
decency n.正派；体面；庄重
a decent meal/job/place to live
相当不错的饭菜/工作/住所
18.cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的=comfortable
19.selfish adj.自私的
selfishly adv.自私地
selfishness n.自私自利；自我中心；任性
selfless adj.无私的
selflessly adv.无私地；忘我的
selflessness n.无私；忘我
20.genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
=sincere/honest
genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地
=sincerely/honestly
21.perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
persevere v.坚持；孜孜以求
22.resolve v.决定；决心；解决 n.决心；坚定的信念
resolve on sth/doing sth;
resolve an issue/a crisis
resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
翻译：什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。
Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.
23.cruel adj.残酷的，残忍的
cruelly adv.残酷地
cruelty n.残忍，残酷
be cruel to
24.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地=completely
25.furniture n.家具 【U】
furnish v.为...配备家具，提供....
a piece of furniture 一件家具
furnished adj.配备家具的
be furnished with....配备有....
26.unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的
fortunately adv.幸运地
fortune n.时运；命运；好运；财富
misfortune n.厄运；不幸
27.damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
damply adv.潮湿地
dampness n.潮湿；湿气
28.recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏
=entertainment/pleasure/amusement
recreate v.再创造； 娱乐；消遣
recreation center 娱乐中心
29.guidance n.指导；引导；导航
guide v.带领；引导；指导 n.指南；手册；导游；向导
under the guidance of sb. =under one’s guidance
在某人的指导下
30.nephew n.侄子；外甥
niece n.侄女；外甥女
31.advertising n.广告活动；广告业
advertise v.公布；宣传；做广告
advertiser n.广告商
advertisement n.广告(ad)
advertise for 登广告征求；登广告招聘
32.corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
corporation n.社团；公司；法人；企业
33.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
roughly adv.大略地；粗略地；大约
34.loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的=faithful
loyally adv.忠诚地；诚实地
loyalty n.忠诚；衷心；忠实
be loyal to 忠于…;忠诚于…
35. give off 发出（光，热，气味等）
give away 泄露，赠送
give in to... 向...屈服
give up放弃
give out 分发，发出，耗尽
mitment n.承诺；保证；奉献
commit v.承诺；犯错；投入（时间或钱）
commit oneself to 致力于；使自己承担；承诺
= be committed to doing
37.motive n.动机；原因；目的
motivate v.激励；促进；激发sb to do
=encourage/inspire/stimulate
motivation n.动力；诱因；动机；激励
THANKS